The VSWR is a voltage standing wave ratio and it is a ratio of the forward voltage to the reflected votage .

VSWR should be minimum as possible , the typical value of the VSWR is 1.5:1 and for perfect matching VSWR should be 1:1
eturn Loss is related to VSWR and is measur of the signal power reflected by the antenna relative to the forward power delivered to the antenna RL= 10 log( reflected power/forward power) and one more thing there is a graph to relate the forward, reflected power and the equation: VSWR 1.5:1=14 db return lossVswr

stands for voltage standing wave ratio.it is the ratio of the maximum reflected voltage to the minimum reflected voltage in case if a transmissionline is not properly matched at the load end.return loss is simply loss caused due to the reflections in a transmission line.
VSWR is the simple algo. b/w forward power and reflected power of BTS in Transmission line. It is the kind of SWR.While Return loss is the simple ratio of 10log(forward power/reflected power) by GSM antenna.

Why we give -48 volts to the bts and not +48 volts.
because battery has 2 terminals and red wire we ground with the +ve terminal so that the noise interfence will get zero and noise occur only in the positive terminal thats why we use ve voltage
Motion of Electrons are responsible factor for the conduction of current in any solid conductor towards +ve terminal,that provide a competitive race among electrons by whichgeneration of fluctuation in flowing current, on grounding +ve terminal genrates stabilty of voltage, so -ve is used

simple answer positive teminal is grounded and negaitve is given to bts and hence its -48v Equalization is used to abstruct the wanted signal from the unwanted reflections. It operates by finding out how a known transmitted signal is modified bymultipath fading, and constructing an inverse filter to abstruct the rest of the wanted signal Interleaving is used to obtain time diversity in a digital communications system without adding any overhead. The interleaving decreases the possibility of losing whole bursts during the transmission.

THE INFORMATION CARRIED IN ONE TIMESLOT IS CALLED A BURST

Return loss :- A wave is reflected back to the source. It is now the chosen process for measuring antenna systems. A good antenna has a return loss of 14 dB or less at the operating frequency. The more negative the reading, the better the antenna. Return Loss is measured in dB. Cable loss :- The Cable Loss is the insertion loss of a coaxial cable. It is measered in dBm.

BLER: Block Error Rate Block Error Rate (BLER) is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks received on a digital circuit. Block error rate (BLER) is used for WCDMA performance requirements tests (demodulation tests in multipath conditions, etc). BLER is measured after channel de-interleaving and decoding by evaluating the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on each transport block.