gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) This print-out should have 45 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Length is to meter as 1. density is to volume. 2. weight is to mass. 3. liter is to distance. 4. mass is to kilogram. correct Explanation: The standard metric unit for length is the meter, and the standard metric unit for mass is the kilogram. 10.0 points 1 is The prex that means 1000 1. centi. Let : 2. milli. correct 3. micro. 4. kilo. Explanation: 003 10.0 points Find the speed of an object that covers 400 km in 5 hr. 1. 800 km/hr 2. 80 km/hr correct 3. 40 km/hr 4. 2000 km/hr Explanation: 400 km distance = = 80 km/hr . time 5 hr vman = 0.94 m/s , t = 2 s , and vdog = 3.1 m/s . 002 004 Velocity is 1. the same as momentum. 2. speed in a specic direction. correct 3. the same as acceleration. 4. the same as speed. Explanation: 10.0 points

005 10.0 points A man jogs at a speed of 0.94 m/s. His dog waits 2 s and then takes o running at a speed of 3.1 m/s to catch the man. How far will they have each traveled when the dog catches up with the man? Correct answer: 2.69815 m. Explanation:

The distance that separates the man and the dog when the dog takes o is d0 = vman t = (0.94 m/s) (2 s) = 1.88 m and the dog catches up to the man when xman = xdog d0 + vman t = vdog t d0 t= vdog vman 1.88 m t= 3.1 m/s 0.94 m/s = 0.87037 s , so the distance is d = vdog t = (3.1 m/s)(0.87037 s) = 2.69815 m .

speed =

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 006 10.0 points The time it takes for light, traveling at a speed of 3.0 108 m/s, to cover 300 m is 1. 1011 s 2. None of these 3. 10 s 4. 1011 s 5. 106 s correct Explanation: The time to cover a distance d at a speed v is given by t= d 300 m = = 106 s . v 3.0 108 m/s 007 10.0 points 7. t tQ tR tS tP 0 8. None of these graphs is correct. x 9. t 6. 0 x tQ tR tS tP
6

2 t

3.

x 0 tQ tR tS tP

4.

x 0 x tQ tR tS tP

5. 0 x tQ tR tS tP

The graph shows the velocity v as a function of time t for an object moving in a straight line. v t tQ tR tS tP 0 Which graph shows the corresponding displacement x as a function of time t for the same time interval? x 1. t 0 correct x 2. t 0 tQ tR tS tP tQ tR tS tP

tQ tR tS tP 0 Explanation: The displacement is the integral of the velocity with respect to time: x= v dt .

Because the velocity increases linearly from zero at rst, then remains constant, then decreases linearly to zero, the displacement will increase at rst proportional to time squared, then increase linearly, and then increase proportional to negative time squared. From these facts, we can obtain the correct answer. x t 0 tQ tR tS tP

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 008 10.0 points An oceanic depth-sounding vessel surveys the ocean bottom with ultrasonic waves that travel 1530 m/s in seawater. How deep is the water directly below the vessel if the time delay of the echo to the ocean oor and back is 7 s? Correct answer: 5355 m. Explanation: Let : v = 1530 m/s and t = 7 s.

5. The train in fact moves at constant speed along a circular path described by the x(t) curve. 6. The train continually slows down and comes to rest. correct Explanation: The slope of x(t) continually decreases to dx is by denition reach zero. Since vx (t) = dt the slope of x(t) at each t, the train continually slows down until it stops. 010 10.0 points An airplane starts from A and ies to B at a constant speed. After reaching B it returns to A at the same speed. There was no wind. Assuming there was a wind from A to B of constant magnitude, when will the round trip take more time when there is a wind or when there is no wind? Assume that the wind speed is less than that of the plane. 1. The same time in both cases. 2. Longer round trip time when there is no wind. 3. Longer round trip time when there is a constant wind. correct 4. More information is needed.

The sound takes 3.5 s to reach the ocean oor (and 3.5 s to return), so d = v t = (1530 m/s) (3.5 s) = 5355 m . 009 10.0 points The plot shows x(t) for a train moving along a long, straight track. x

Which statement is correct about the motion? 1. The train moves at constant velocity. 2. The train continually speeds up. 3. The train at rst speeds up, then slows down. 4. The train at rst slows down, then speeds up.

Explanation: Assume the distance between A and B is d and the speed of the plane in ight is v . With no wind, the round trip time is d d 2d t1 = + = . v v v When there is a constant wind speed of w, the round trip time is d d 2vd t2 = + = 2 . vw v+w v w2 Compare the reciprocals of the times: v 2 w2 v w2 v 1 1 = = < = t2 2vd 2d 2vd 2d t1 t1 < t2 .

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 011 10.0 points A particle moves in a straight line with velocity v ( t) = 3 t2 6 t . If it initially starts moving from 0 (where x = 0), then its position x(t) is equal to 1. x(t) = t3 3t2 correct 2. x(t) = 6t 3. x(t) = t3 3t2 + 1 4. x(t) = 6t 6 5. x(t) = 6t 3t2 Explanation: v ( t) = 3 t2 6 t d s ( t) = 3 t2 6 t dt d s ( t) dt = 3t2 6t dt dt s ( t) = t3 3 t2 + C x(0) = 0, so 0 = C and s ( t) = t 3 t .
3 2

4 6.20 m

E 8.54 m

R The east direction and the south direction dene legs of a right triangle. The resultant is the hypotenuse, so the displacement is R= = (x)2 + (y )2 (6.2 m)2 + (8.54 m)2

= 10.5533 m .

013 (part 2 of 2) 7.5 points What is the direction (in degrees S of E)? Correct answer: 54.0205 . Explanation: y x y x 8.54 m 6. 2 m

tan =

= tan1 = tan1

= 54.0205 , 012 (part 1 of 2) 7.5 points A golfer takes two putts to get his ball into the hole once he is on the green. The rst putt displaces the ball 6.2 m east, and the second 8.54 m south. What displacement would have been needed to get the ball into the hole on the rst putt? Correct answer: 10.5533 m. Explanation: Let : x = 6.2 m and y = 8.54 m . so the direction is 54.0205 of S of E. 014 (part 1 of 2) 7.5 points A particle has r(0) = (4 m) and v (0) = (2 m/s) . If its acceleration is constant and given by a = (2 m/s2 ) ( + ), at what time t does the particle rst cross the x axis? Correct answer: 2 s. Explanation: 1 2 at , 2

r(t) = r(0) + v(0) t +

so

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) vi

2 2

r (t) = (4 m) + (2 m/s) t +(1 m/s ) ( + ) t = [(2 m/s) t (1 m/s2 ) t2 ] +[4 m (1 m/s2 ) t2 ] r(t) will not have a y component when 1. 4 m (1 m/s ) t = 0 (1 m/s2 ) t2 = 4 m t= 2s . 2. 015 (part 2 of 2) 7.5 points At what time t is the particle moving parallel to the y axis; that is, in the direction? Correct answer: 1 s. Explanation: 1 2 at 2 so Explanation: 3.
2 2

vf

What is the approximate direction of the acceleration during this time interval?

r(t) = r(0) + v(0) t + v ( t) =

4.

correct

dr = v (0) + a t , dt

v (t) = (2 m/s) (2 m/s2 ) ( + ) t = [(2 m/s) (2 m/s2 ) t] (2 m/s2 ) t v(t) will not have an x component when 2 m/s (2 m/s2 ) t = 0 t= 1s . At this time v (t) = (2 m/s) parallel to the y -axis. 016 10.0 points The correct, general denitions of velocity and acceleration, in terms of position vector dv dr , and a = . During a very r, are v = dt dt short time interval, the velocity of an object changes from vi to vf , as shown.

a t = vf vi . vf at vi

017 (part 1 of 2) 7.5 points A particle has a constant acceleration a = (4 m/s2 ) . At t = 2 sec, it has velocity v = ( + ) (2 m/s). What is its velocity at t = 0? 1. (2 m/s) + (6 m/s)

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 2. (4 m/s) (4 m/s) 3. (4 m/s) + (4 m/s) 4. 0 5. (2 m/s) (6 m/s) correct Explanation:
initial final

019 10.0 points A ball rolling up a hill has vector velocities v1 and v2 at times t1 and t2 , respectively, as shown in the gure.
v1 v2

v (t) = v (0) + a t ,

so

v (0) = v (t) a t = ( + ) (2 m/s) (4 m/s2 )(2 s) = (2 m/s) + (2 m/s 8 m/s) = (2 m/s) (6 m/s) . 018 (part 2 of 2) 7.5 points After 2 sec, its position is found to be r = ( ) (4 m). Where was it at t = 0? 1. (2 m) (6 m) 2. (4 m) + (4 m) 3. (2 m) + (6 m) 4. (4 m) (4 m) 5. 0 correct Explanation: 1 2 at , 2 1 2 at 2

Which vector diagram below most accurately depicts the direction of the balls average acceleration over the interval? 1.

2. correct 3. 4.

5.

6.

7. so 8. Zero vector. 9. Explanation: In fact the two forces exerting on the ball, the gravitational force from the earth and the force from the incline remain unchanged during the interval, so the total acceleration should be downward to the left and wont change either.

r (t) = r (0) + v (0) t +

r (0) = r (t) v (0) t

= ( ) (4 m) [ (2 m/s) (6 m/s)](2 s) 1 (2 s)2 (4 m/s2 ) 2 = (4 m 4 m) + (4 m + 12 m 8 m) = 0.

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) keywords: 020 10.0 points At one instant the velocity of a particle is and a very short time later its velocity has changed to Qualitatively, what was the direction of the particles acceleration during the interval between the rst and second instance? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. P Explanation: dv , which for a nite time inFrom a = dt v terval looks like a = , the acceleration is t in the direction of the vector v : v v = v2 v1 v1 v2 v2 = v1 + v . 021 10.0 points Which of the statements A. A moving object does not accelerate if its velocity remains constant; B. The dierence between speed and velocity is that speed indicates an objects direction of motion; C. A moving object is accelerating if its speed or direction varies. correct 3. A and C only correct 4. B and C only 5. B only 6. A only 7. A and B only 8. All are true. Explanation: Velocity is speed in a particular direction. 022 10.0 points is/are true? 1. C only 2. None is true.

A ball is thrown and follows the parabolic path shown. Air friction is negligible. Point Q is the highest point on the path. Points P and R are the same height above the ground. Q R

How do the speeds of the ball at the three points compare? 1. vQ < vR < vP 2. vP < vQ < vR 3. vP = vR = vQ 4. vR < vQ < vP

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 5. vP = vR < vQ 6. vQ < vP = vR correct Explanation: The speed of the ball in the x-direction is constant. Because of gravitational acceleration, the speed in the y -direction is zero at point Q. Since points P and R are located at the same point above ground, by symmetry we see that they have the same vertical speed component (though they do not have the same velocity). The answer is then vQ < vP = vR . 023 10.0 points 6. U

Explanation: The horizontal direction of ball motion is due to initial velocity it got from the airliner, and the vertical is due to gravity. The resultant motion is on a parabolic curve dotted curve X (example of projectile motion). Note: Dotted curves V and W are arcs of circles. Dotted line Y is a straight line. Dotted curve U is a bezier curve. Dotted curve Z is a parabolic curve with axes inverted. 024 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points Neglect: Air friction. Your teacher tosses a basketball. The ball gets through the hoop (lucky shot).

A bowling ball accidentally falls out of the cargo bay of an airliner as it ies along in a horizontal direction.

18

m
53

U W 2.683 m X Y Z V

/s

As observed by a person standing on the ground and viewing the plane as in the gure, which path would the bowling ball most closely follow after leaving the airplane? 1. V 2. Z 3. X correct 4. Y 5. W

Figure: Not drawn to scale. How long does it take the ball to reach its maximum height? Correct answer: 1.46688 s. Explanation: Let : = 53 , v0 = 18 m/s , h1 = 2.683 m , h2 = 3.048 m , and ytop = maximum height of ball s trajectory . Note: The horizontal distance to the basket

3.048 m

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) is superuous for Parts 1 and 2. This problem has two distinct parts, vertical motion in Parts 1 and 2, then horizontal motion in Part 3. Basic Concepts: v = v0 sin g t (1) t2 = = 2 [ytop h2 ] g 2 [(13.2265 m) (3.048 m)] = (9.8 m/s2 ) = 1.44127 s . Or symbolically, we have
1/2 1/2

v 2 sin2 ytop h1 = 0 (2) 2g 1 ytop h1 = v0 sin t g t2 (3) 2 Solution: Using Eq. 1, the time t1 to reach the maximum height, (i.e., vytop = 0, the velocity at the top) is v0 t1 = sin(53 ) g (18 m/s) = sin(53 ) 2 (9.8 m/s ) = 1.46688 s . y1 = 1 2 gt 2 1 1 = (9.8 m/s2 ) (1.46688 s)2 2 = 10.5435 m , or v 2 sin2 = 0 2g (18 m/s)2 sin2 (53 ) = 2 (9.8 m/s2 ) = 10.5435 m , so = y1 + h1 = (10.5435 m) + (2.683 m) = 13.2265 m .

2 sin2 v0 2 [h2 h1 ] g2 g 2 2 (18 m/s) sin (53 ) = (9.8 m/s2 )2

1/2

2 [(3.048 m) (2.683 m)] (9.8 m/s2 ) = 1.44127 s .

1/2

The total time of the balls trajectory is t = t1 + t2 = (1.46688 s) + (1.44127 s) = 2.90815 s .

026 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points What is the horizontal length of the shot? Correct answer: 31.503 m. Explanation: The horizontal length of the shot is = v0 cos t = (18 m/s) cos(53 ) (2.90815 s) = 31.503 m .

ytop

025 (part 2 of 3) 5.0 points How long does it take the ball to reach the hoop? Correct answer: 2.90815 s. Explanation: The time t2 for the ball to decend from the top into the basket is 2 [ytop h2 ] t2 = g
1/2

027 10.0 points A plane drops a hamper of medical supplies from a height of 4610 m during a practice run over the ocean. The planes horizontal velocity was 108 m/s at the instant the hamper was dropped. What is the magnitude of the overall velocity of the hamper at the instant it strikes the surface of the ocean? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) Correct answer: 319.406 m/s. Explanation: This is a projectile motion problem. The motion of the dropping hamper consists of two parts: horizontally, it moves with the initial velocity of the plane, i.e., vh = v = 108 m/s ; vertically, due to gravity, it moves as a freely falling body. Thus v2 = 2 g h vv = 2gh = 2 (9.8 m/s2 ) (4610 m) = 300.593 m/s and the overall velocity at the instant the hamper strikes the surface of the ocean is vf = =
2 + v2 vv h

10

See Paul Hewitts books for more examples of Figuring Physics. 029 10.0 points A particle is moving in a circle at increasing speed. If the radius of its circular path is 2 m, and at a certain instant it is traveling at 2 m/s and dv at that instant = 2 m/s2 , what is the ratio dt at of its tangential to its radial acceleration? ar 1. 4.0 2. 0.1 3. 0, since it is moving in a circle 4. 0.5 5. 0.25 6. 2.0 7. 1.0 correct 8. 16 9. 10 Explanation: dv at = = 2 m/ s 2 , dt

(300.593 m/s)2 + (108 m/s)2

= 319.406 m/s . 028 10.0 points A projectile is red from a horizontal springloaded gun aimed directly (along the line of sight) at a distant bulls eye. Because of the pull of gravity during ight, the projectile misses and hits a point at distance y beneath the bulls eye. To hit the bulls eye, the gun should be aimed along a line of sight above the bulls eye, a vertical distance 1. of y , exactly. 2. slightly lower than y . 3. slightly higher than y . correct Explanation: First, when the gun is tipped upward, the horizontal component of velocity is less. So theres a slightly longer time of ight and the projectile falls a greater vertical distance. Second, depending on the mass of the projectile and strength of the spring, the emerging velocity is less in the raised position because the spring not only pushes the projectile, but lifts it somewhat against the gravity.

so

(2 m/s)2 v2 = = 2 m/s2 = at ar = r 2m at = 1. ar

030 10.0 points A particle moves along a circular path of radius r with tangential speed v = b t2 , where b is a positive constant. If b = 1 m/s3 , and r = 1 m, at the time t = 1 sec what is the angle between the radian acceleration ar and the full acceleration a = ar + at ?

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445)

11

ar

aT

Qualitatively, what is the direction of the tennis balls acceleration a when it is about halfway between its highest point (where its speed goes to zero) and its lowest point (where its speed is a maximum?

1. 85.6 2. 63.4 correct 3. 0 4. 74.2 5. 10 6. 56.7 7. 45

1.

rest

correct

2.

rest

8. 25.5 9. 90.0, by denition of ar . Explanation: In general, a = r v2 r + dv dt . 3. rest a

v = b t2 so dv 2 = 2 b t = 2(1 m/s4 )(1 s) = 2 m/s and dt the angle between ar and a is at = tan1 = tan1 (2) = 63.4 . ar 031 10.0 points

4.

rest

A tennis ball is swinging at the end of a string, like a pendulum.

rest

max

Explanation: At the half-way position shown, the ball has an acceleration at in the direction of v (the balls speed is increasing), and since it is moving in a circle, it has an acceleration ar (the radial acceleration, also called centripetal acceleration) directed toward the center of the circle. So the total acceleration a = ar + at is the resultant of these two perpendicular vectors.

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 032 10.0 points An automobile moves at constant speed down one hill and up another hill along the smoothly curved surface as shown below. car

12

velocity of the automobile is directed horizontally to the right. Since the speed of the automobile is unchanged, there is no tangential acceleration. Also since the path of the automobile is curved, there is centripetal acceleration, pointing upward. 033 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points A river ows due east at 2.45 m/s. A boat crosses the river from the south shore to the north shore by maintaining a constant velocity of 10.1 m/s due north relative to the water. a) What is the magnitude of the velocity of the boat as viewed by an observer on shore? Correct answer: 10.3929 m/s. Explanation:

Which of the following diagrams best represents the directions of the velocity and the acceleration of the automobile at the instant that it is at the lowest position as shown? 1. v a

10.1 m/s

2. v a

vbe

2.45 m/s Note: Figure is not drawn to scale. Basic Concepts:

3. v a

vbe = vbr + vre The velocities are perpendicular, so

4. v a

vbe =

2 + v2 vbr re

Given: Let east and north be positive: vre = 2.45 m/s vbr = 10.1 m/s

5. v a

Solution: vbe = (10.1 m/s)2 + (2.45 m/s)2

correct Explanation: At the lowest position, the instantaneous

= 10.3929 m/s 034 (part 2 of 3) 5.0 points

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) b) How many degrees o course is the boat forced by the current? Correct answer: 13.6351. Explanation: Basic Concept: tan = Solution: = tan1 = tan1 vre vbr 2.45 m/s 10.1 m/s vre vbr

13

to rush out of their laboratory class at 5:00 p.m. and immediately get on highway I-35 to arrive in Waco, 100 miles away, at 7:00 p.m. to see the Baylor-Longhorn basketball game. They spend 4 hours watching and then celebrating the outcome of the game, and then drive 2 hours back to Austin. After they completed their trip, what is their mean velocity for their trip? mph is miles per hour 1. 100 mph 2. 0 mph correct 3. 50 mph 4. 25 mph 5. 12.5 mph Explanation: The average velocity is vav = nal position initial position nal time initial time 0 mi = 0 mph . = 8h

= 13.6351 east of north. 035 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points c) If the river is 217 m wide, how far downstream is the boat when it reaches the north shore? Correct answer: 52.6386 m. Explanation: Basic Concepts: x = vre t y = vbr t Given: y = 217 m Solution: The times are the same, so t = so that x = vre y vbr (2.45 m/s)(217 m) = 10.1 m/s = 52.6386 m y x = vbr vre

037 (part 2 of 3) 5.0 points After they completed their trip, what is their mean speed for the trip? 1. 50 mph 2. 12.5 mph 3. 0 mph 4. 100 mph 5. 25 mph correct Explanation: The average speed is 200 mi total distance = = 25 mph . time 8h 038 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points

036 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points Rabid Texas basketball fans have been known

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) What is their mean speed from when they leave Austin and rst arrive in Waco? 1. 50 mph South 2. 25 mph North 3. 50 mph North 4. 50 mph correct 6. 5. 25 mph 6. 25 mph South Explanation: Their mean speed is total distance 100 mi = = 50 mph . time 2h Speed is a scalar and does not have a direction. 039 10.0 points Consider the vectors A and B . Explanation: A B AB Which sketch shows the vector A B to the same scale? 1. 040 (part 1 of 2) 7.5 points Express the vector R C R A P D correct A B 8. 7. 5.

14

2.

3.

B in terms of A, B , C , and D, the edges of a parallelogram.

1. R = A D

4.

2. R = D A

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) 3. R = B + A correct 4. R = A + D 5. R = C + B 6. R = B A 7. R = C + D 8. R = A B 9. R = A C 10. R = B + D Explanation: Apply the parallelogram rule of addition: join the tails of the two vectors A and B ; the resultant vector is the diagonal of a parallelogram formed with A and B as two of its sides. 041 (part 2 of 2) 7.5 points Express the vector P in terms of A, B , C , and D, 1. P = B + D 2. P = D A 3. P = C + B 4. P = C + D 5. P = B + A 6. P = A D 7. P = A + D 8. P = B A 9. P = C A 10. P = A B correct Explanation: By the triangle method of addition B+P =A Let : ax = 6.5 m/s2 , vxo = 5 m/s , and t = 4. 5 s . P =AB.

15

042 10.0 points A man can throw a ball a maximum horizontal distance of 107 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . How far can he throw the same ball vertically upward with the same initial speed? Correct answer: 53.5 m. Explanation: The range of a particle is given by the expression v 2 sin 2 R= 0 . g The maximum horizontal distance is obtained when the ball is thrown at an angle = 45 and sin 2 = 1 . Solving for v0 , v0 = gR .

When the ball is thrown upward with this speed, the maximum height is obtained from the equation
2 2 vf = v0 2gh.

Let vf = 0, and solve for h

2 v0 h= . 2g

043 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points A particle moves in the xy plane with constant acceleration. At time zero, the particle is at x = 1.5 m, y = 8.5 m, and has velocity vo = (5 m/s) + (8 m/s) . The acceleration 2 is given by a = (6.5 m/s ) + (5.5 m/s2 ) . What is the x component of velocity after 4.5 s? Correct answer: 34.25 m/s. Explanation:

gueroa (mef2223) Hw # 1 Berk (57445) After 4.5 s, vx = vxo + ax t = (5 m/s) + (6.5 m/s2 ) (4.5 s) = (34.25 m/s) . 044 (part 2 of 3) 5.0 points What is the y component of velocity after 4.5 s? Correct answer: 16.75 m/s. Explanation: Let : ay = 5.5 m/s2 and vyo = 8 m/s . vy = vyo + ay t = (8 m/s) + (5.5 m/s2 ) (4.5 s) = (16.75 m/s) . 045 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points What is the magnitude of the displacement from the origin (x = 0 m, y = 0 m) after 4.5 s? Correct answer: 94.1319 m. Explanation: Let : do = (1.5 m, 8.5 m) , vo = (5 m/s, 8 m/s) , and a = (6.5 m/s2 , 5.5 m/s2 ) . From the equation of motion, 1 d = do + vo t + a t2 2 = (1.5 m) + (8.5 m) + [(5 m/s) + (8 m/s) ] (4.5 s) 1 + (5.5 m/s2 ) (4.5 s)2 + (6.5 m/s2 ) 2 = (89.8125 m) + (28.1875 m) , so | d| = =
2 d2 x + dy

16

(89.8125 m)2 + (28.1875 m)2

= 94.1319 m .