Generator Reactivity Limit Testing

Workshop Presentation

WECC Generator Testing Task Force

What it is and what it isnt

It is a quick and relatively easy test. It verifies reactive capability for only one set of conditions at 2 points. It does not verify generator capability for all conditions. It does not verify all points in the generator capability curve.

Letter Defining Requirement

Testing Requirements
All synchronous machines greater than 10 MVA Operating conditions should be as close to normal as practicable, including loading, unit temperatures, and pressures. Tests should be performed during periods of operation which maximize the MVAR in/output of the machine (when system voltage is most advantageous to yield these results). When possible, other synchronous machines or power system components should be used to obtain the most advantageous terminal voltage during these tests.

Testing Requirements
While operating in a steady state mode at net dependable MW capability (near rated output), raise excitation in automatic voltage control until one of the following conditions occurs: The 100% MVA rating of the machine is reached (reached capability curve) Rated field current or field voltage is reached Terminal voltage limit is reached Generator temperature limits are reached

Testing Requirements
Maximum/over excitation limiter is reached/alarms Maximum reference adjuster travel or limit is reached Maximum auxiliary bus voltage is reached Hold unit at this level for a minimum of 15 minutes (30 minutes is a preferable duration), then take measurements

Testing Requirements
While operating in a steady state mode at net dependable MW capability lower excitation in automatic voltage control until one of the following conditions occurs: UELs are activated 100% MVA rating is reached Generator temperature limits are reached Minimum reference adjuster travel or limit is reached Minimum auxiliary bus voltage is reached Minimum terminal voltage limit is reached

Example Hydrogenerator

Max Voltage Nom Voltage Min Voltage

Application to Testing
The rated MVA and 95% PF overexcited point is at nominal terminal voltage. (blue line) This machine will not produce rated MVA and 95% PF when terminal voltage is at the maximum. (turquoise line) This unit passes the reactive capability test because Tests should be performed during periods of operation which maximize the MVAR in/output of the machine (when system voltage is most advantageous to yield these results). (red)

Min Nom Max

Application to Capability
The Generator Capability Curve should state minimum capability for all rated conditions: terminal voltage, ambient temperature, etc. Internal and external events that limit capability normally considered separately. It may not be possible to produce all limiting conditions simultaneously. The reactive capability test does not validate the machine capability curve.

Machine Capability Maintenance

Owners should be aware of changes and update machine capability curves. Operational events that indicate potential compromise of capability should be investigated. Due to the complicated nature of validating capability for all operational conditions and considering the potential impact to system operation, it is not prudent to mandate revalidation of capability. Operational events and routine maintenance normally reveal potential problems.

Benefits of Reactive Capability Testing

Testing can detect significant degradation. Tests are simple and cause little risk. Tests confirm capability under nominal conditions. If the unit fails to meet the reactive capability under the most favorable conditions, it is proven to fail to meet the machine capability curve on record.

Reactive Capability Testing Limitations

Passing reactive capability testing is a necessary but not sufficient condition to assure machine capability curve is accurate. May not detect outer loop control (SCADA) limits if tested under local control. Tests are done steady state with gentle moves approaching limits. Design for abnominal conditions may require more restrictive SCADA limits.

The End