You are on page 1of 13

A trusted name for Qual i ty Educati on

Motion in one Dimension


K KI IN NE EM MA AT TI IC CS S A AN ND D D DY YN NA AM MI IC CS S
The part of mechanics which deals with the description of the motion of an object without considering reason of the
origin is called kinematics. Where as, the study of the motion of an object related to its cause is called dynamics.
(i) Motion in one di mension: Motion of an object in a straight line is called one dimensional (1-D) motion. The
position of a particle in one dimensional motion can be described by only one variable (say x). For a particle moving
along a straight line (1-D motion) all the vector quantities such as position, velocity, displacement and acceleration
have only one non-zero component.
(ii) Motion in two dimension: Motion of an object in a plane is called two dimensional (2-D) motions. For 2-D motion
velocity or acceleration can be described by two components in any two mutually perpendicular directions in Cartesian
coordinate system i.e. its position, velocity, displacement and acceleration can have two nonzero components.
(iii) Distance & Di splacement:
Displacement: - The change in position of a body in a particular direction is known as displacement. It is a vector
quantity and its unit in SI system is meter. The shortest distance between the initial and final positions of the object in
a specified direction.
Distance: The total length of actual path traversed by a body in a certain interval of time is called distance. It is the
actual path travelled by an object between its initial and final positions. It is a scalar quantity and its unit in SI is meter.
Displacement may be positive, negative or zero but distance is always positive. If a particle moves in a straight line
without change in its direction, the magnitude of displacement is equal to the distance travelled. Otherwise it is always
less than it. Thus, Displacement s distance
Example 1 : What will be the distance and displacement while moving in a circle from A to B and
then B to A as shown in adjoining figure?
A B
o R R
Solution:
Physical quant ity and direction Half cycle
AB or BA
Full cycle
AA via B
Distance tR 2tR
Displacement 2R 0
Direction of displacement 1. AB, when particle moves from A to
B.
2. BA, when particle moves from B to
A.
(iv) Average Speed and Velocity: The average speed of a particle in a given interval of time is defined as the ratio of
the distance travelled to the time taken while, average velocity is defined as the ratio of the displacement to the time
taken.
If a particle moves from A to C through a path ABC. Then distance ( ) s travelled is
the actual path length ABC, while the displacement is,
C A
r = r - r

Thus, if the distance travelled is ( ) s and displacement of a particle is r

in a
given time interval t then
A
X
C
B Y

c
r

A
r
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
av
av
s r
v = Average speed = and V = Average velocity =
t t

(v) Instantaneous Speed and Velocity: Instantaneous speed and velocity are defined at a particular instant and are
given by ,
t 0 t 0
s ds r dr
v = lim = and V = lim =
t dt t dt

(vi) Average and Instantaneous Acceleration: Average acceleration is defined as the change in velocity V A

over a time
interval t A .
Hence,
av
V
a
t

A
=
A

The instantaneous acceleration of a particle is the rate at which its velocity is changing at that instant i.e.,

=
ins
a
t 0
V
lim
t

=

dV
dt
Example 2 : A particle moves along a semi circle path A to B in a time T as shown in
the following fig.
(a) Determine the average speed of the particle.
(b) Determine the average velocity of the particle.
A B o
Solution: (a) The average speed of the particle =
distance
time
=
R
T

(b) The average velocity of the particle=


displacement
time
=
2R
T
E EQ QU UA AT TI IO ON NS S O OF F M MO OT TI IO ON N
EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR UNIFORM ACCELERATION
Consider a particle moving along a straight line with constant acceleration a. Let u be the initial velocity of the particle
and v be the velocity at time t. By definition,
dv
a
dt
= dv =a dt
Integrating,
v t t
u 0 0
dv a dt a dt = =
} } }
(a being a constant can be taken out of the integral) v u =at
v =u +at (i)
Further,v =
dx
dt
dx =vdt
But, v =u +at, dx =(u +at)dt
Integrating within appropriate limits, we get,
s t
0 0
dx (u at)dt = +
} }

t t
0 0
s 0 u dt a tdt = +
} }

( )
2 2
1
s u(t 0) a t 0
2
= +
t t 2 2 2
0 0
t 0 t
dt t and tdt
2 2 2
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
} }

2
1
s ut at
2
= + (ii)
Again, going back to definition of a, we have,
dv
a
dt
=
Multiply and divide RHS of above equation by dx, we get,
dx dv
a
dt dx
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension

dv
a v
dx
= adv =adx
Integrating within appropriate limits, we get,
v s
u 0
vdv a dx =
} }

s
v
2
u
0
v
ax
2
=

2 2
v u
a(s 0)
2 2
=
2 2
v u 2as = (iii)
From (i) and (iii) we also conclude that,
u v
s t
2
+ | |
=
|
\ .
(iv)
Equation (iv) is a special equation, as we do not have a in this equation, but still it belongs to motion, which is
uniformly accelerated.
To conclude, we again write the equation of motion for constant acceleration below.
v = u + at ; s = ut +
2
1
at
2
;
2 2
v u 2as = ;
u v
s t
2
+ | |
=
|
\ .
EQUATION OF MOTION FOR VARIABLE ACCELERATION
Case I when acceleration a of the particle is a function of time i.e.
A =f(t)
dv
f(t)
dt
= dv =f(t)dt
Integrating both sides within suitable limits, we get,
v t
u 0
dv f(t)dt =
} }
v u
t
0
f(t)dt =
}
v =u +
t
0
f(t)dt
}
Case II When acceleration a of the particle is a function of distance i.e.
a =f(x)
dv
dt
=f(x)
dv dx
dx dt
=f(x)
v
dv
dx
=f(x) vdv =f(x)dx
Integrating we get,
v s
u 0
vdv f(x)dx =
} }

s 2 2
0
v u
f(x)dx
2 2
=
}

s
2 2
0
v u 2 f(x)dx = +
}
Case III When acceleration a of the particle is a function of velocity i.e.,
a =f(v)
dv
f(v)
dt
=
Option 1 Option 2
dv
dt
f(v)
=
Integrating,
t v
0 u
dv
dt
f(v)
=
} }

v
u
dv
t
f(v)
=
}
dv
v f(v)
dx
=
vdv
dx
f(v)
=
vdv
a
dx


=
`
)
Integrating,
x v
x0 u
vdv
dx
f(v)
=
} }
v
0
u
vdv
x x
f(v)
= +
}
The displacement by the body in n
th
second is given by , (2 1)
2
= +
n
a
s u n
Example 3: Choose the correct alternative(s)
The displacement of a particle moving along the x axis is given by
x =a(t-1) +b(t-1)
Where a and b are constants; x is measured in meters and t is in second. The motion start at t =0.
(A) The initial velocity of the particle is a
(B) The acceleration of the particle is 2b
(C) The initial velocity of the particle is (a +b)
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
(D) The particle starts its motion from the origin at t =1sec.
Solution: x =a(t -1) +b(t -1) (1)
dx
dt
= a +b , so the initial velocity of the particle is (a +b)
putting t = 1sec. x = 0 i.e the particle starts its motion from the origin at
t =1sec.Therefore C & D are the correct answers.
Example 4: A ball thrown up from the ground reaches a maximum height of 20m. Find
(A) Its initial velocity
(B) the time taken to reach the highest point
(C) the time at which it is 15m above the ground
(D) its velocity just before hitting the ground
(E) its displacement between 0.5 sec and 2.5 sec.
Solution: (A) Using v
2
=u
2
+2as for upward motion
0 =u
2
+2(-9.8) (20) u=19.8 m/s
(B)
0 19.8
2.02sec
9.8

= =

v - u
t =
a
(C) using s =ut +gt
2
15 =19.8t - 9.8 t
2
t=1.01 sec & 3.303sec.
There are two solutions because At t =1.01 ball is going up and at t=3.303sec it is
coming down.
(D) displacement is zero for the complete up-down trip.
v
2
=u
2
+2 a (0) (by using v
2
=u
2
+2as)
v
2
=u
2
v =u =19.8 m/s
(E) height at t =0.5 sec. can be calculate using s =ut + at
2
y
1
=19.8 (0.5) 4.9 (0.5)
2
=8.68 m
height at t =2.53 is, y
2
=19.8 (2.5) 4.9 (2.5)
2
=18.9 m
displacement =y
2
y
1
=18.9 m 8.68 m =10.2 m
Common Error in kinematics
In using kinematical eqn. (1D),
2
1
S = ut + at
2
Here 'S' in the displacement i.e. s = x
f
- x
i
. Its common error for the student to think that
displacement and distance are the same.
Example 5: A ball is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s vertically. Find the distance travelled in first three
second. (use g =10m/sec
2
)
Solution: Here the problem is to find the distance. We can calculate that the direction of ball is changes at t = 2s.
(From v = u + at, since v = 0 at highest point therefore 0=20 - 10t t = 2s)
Distance travelled in first two seconds
( Distance =Displacement, because velocity does not change direction in
one dimension)

1
1
S = 20 2 - 10 4
2
=40 20 =20 m(upward)
Distance travelled in next one second ,
downward
2
1
S = - 101= -5m
2
So total distance travelled by the ball in first three seconds =20 +5 =25m
Example 6: A particle moves along the x-axis according to x =4t t
2
. Find the distance travelled from t =0s to
t =3s.
Solution: The direction of velocity will change when V =0 at t =2 sec.
Distance =
3
0
}
vdt =
1 2 3
0 1 2
(4 2 ) (4 2 ) (4 2 ) + +
} } }
t dt t dt t dt =3+1+1 =5 meter
Example 7: A particle moving with uniform acceleration from A to B along a
straight line has velocities v
1
and v
2
at A and B respectively. If C
is the mid point between A and B then determine the velocity of
the particle at C.
A B
C
v
1
v
2
Solution: Let distance between A and B be x and V be the velocity of the particle at C, then
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
V
2
=v
1
2
+2a (x/2)
Where a is the acceleration of the particle; i.e.
| |
|
\ .
2 1
v v
t
t is the time taken by the particle to travel from A to B and x is the total distance between A and B,
i.e.
1 2
2
+ | |
=
|
\ .
v v
x t
1 2
2
+ | |
|
\ .
v v
t
2 1
| |
|
\ .
v v
t
Thus, V
2
v
1
2
2 2
1 2
2
+
=
v v
Example 8: A particle travels according to the equation a A Bv = where a is the acceleration. A and B are
constants, v is the velocity of the particle. Find its velocity as a function of time. Also find terminal
velocity.
Solution:
dv
A B
dt
= v or ( )
V t
e
0
0 0
dv 1
dt log A B t
A B B
v
= v =
v
} }
or
e
A B
log Bt
A
v
= or
( )
Bt Bt
A
A B Ae or 1 e
B

v= v=
At terminal velocity, acceleration =0, that is,
t
A/B v =
X X T T, , V V T T & & A A T T G GR RA AP PH HS S F FO OR R M MO OT TI IO ON N I IN N O ON NE E D DI IM ME EN NS SI IO ON N
(i) Variation of displacement (x), velocity (v) and acceleration (a) with respect to time for different
types of motion.
Displacement(x) Velocity(v) Acceleration (a)
a. At rest
x
t
O
x=constant
v
t
O
a
t
O
b. Motion with
constant velocity
x
t
O
x
0
x =x
0
+v
0
t +x
0
t
2
v
t
O
v
0
v =constant
a
t
O
c. Motion with
constant
acceleration
x
t
O
x = v
0
t +(1/2)a
0
t
2
v
t
O
v = v
0
+a
0
t
v
0
a
t
O
a
0
a =constant
d. Motion with
constant
deceleration
x
t
O
x = v
0
t -(1/2)a
0
t
2
v
t
O
v
0
a
t O
a
0
a =constant
(ii) Displacement calculation from Velocity - Time Graphs: The displacement during an interval
between time t
i
and t
f
is the area bounded by the velocity curve and the two vertical lines t =t
i
and t =t
f
, as
shown in figures (a) and (b).
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
t
O
v
1
v
v
2
v
3
v
4
1
t A
2
t A
3
t A
4
t A
f
t
i
t
(a) For each segment of motion, the velocity is
constant. The displacement Ax
i
during the i
th
interval
is the area v
i
At
i
. So the total displacement is Ax
Ax = v
1
At
1
+ v
2
At
2
+ v
3
At
3
+ v
4
At
4 ( )
i i
x v t A = A

(b) When v vs. t graph is a smooth complex curve.


Area bounded by the curve and time axis between
t=t
i
and t=t
f
is the displacement. The area under
the curve may be obtained by using integration.
(iii) Velocity calculation from Acceleration - time Graphs: Given an accelerationversustime graph,
the change in velocity between t = t
i
and t = t
f
is the area bounded by the acceleration curve and the vertical
lines t = t
i
and t = t
f
t
O
a
t
i
t
f
a
0
(a) When the area under the a vs t is a smooth
curve then the change in velocity
0
v a t = A
(b) When a vs t graph is a complex curve, the area
under the curve may be obtained by using integration
Example 9: The velocity-time graph of a particle moving along a
straight line is shown in following figure.
(i) If the particle starts its motion from
x =4m, then draw the (at) and (xt) graphs.
(ii) Find the displacement of the particle at t =3 s
t
O
v
2
4
4
m/s
Time
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
Solution: (i)
t(s)
O
a
1
+2
2
m/s
2
-2
3 4

t(s)
O
x
2
-4
4
x(m)
+4
(ii)
3
0 0
[Areaof v-tgraph]
=
=
= +
t
t
x x
1 4 2
4 (2)(4) (3 2) or 3
2 2
( + | |
= + + =
| (
\ .

x x m
Example 10: From the given( ) a t graph, draw ( ) v t and ( ) s t curves.
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
+10
0
-10
5
10 15
t(s)
a(ms
-2
)
Solution: Velocity is the area under ( ) a t curve, thus at the end
of 5s, velocity
1
50 . v ms

= Since there is no
acceleration in the interval (5 -10 s), therefore velocity
remains constant, that is,
1
50 . ms

In the interval (10


15 s) the particle is retarded (Area =-50). Thus, we get
the (v t) curve as shown in figure (a) Hence particle
comes to rest.
( ) v t
To draw ( ) s t graph [Fig (b)]. We take help of ( ) v t
graph. Area under ( ) v t curve is the distance
travelled.
Distance moved in ( )
50 5
0 5 125
2

= s is m
Distance moved in ( ) 5 10 5 50 250 = s is m
Distance moved in ( )
50 5
10 15 125
2

= s is m
500
5 10 15
t
s(m)
0
(s - t) cur ve
125
375
Example 11: A ball drops from a height 19.6 m above the ground, it rebounds and rises to the same
height. Plot ( ) v t and ( ) x t graphs
Solution:
2 2
1
x= gt 19.6 2 9.8t
2
= or t 2s
This is the time for the ball to come to the ground.
-19.6
19.6
0
1 2 3 4
t
v(ms
-1
)
19.6
0
1 2 3 4
t
x(m)
Velocity Time graphDistance Time graph
Example 12: Plot ( )
v- t
and ( )
x- t
graph for the given ( )
a- t
graph.
Solution: To plot the ( ) v t graph we can see from the (a-t)
graph, that
( )
( )

= s s +
= = = =
= + < < = +
=
} }
5
2
5 5
1
0 0
0
1
a 2t 0 t 5s
2t
v adt 2tdt 25ms
2
v u at 5s t 10s 25 10 5
75ms at the end of 10s
0
0 5 10
10
a(ms
-2
)
t
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
For ( ) x t graph, ( )
5
3
5
0
0
t 125
x v.dt m 0 t 5s
3 3
= = = < <

x =area under ( ) v t curve (5s <t <10 s) =250 m.


Example 13: A particle starts from rest with acceleration for some time and after achieving a
maximum velocity starts retarding at rate and finally comes to rest. If total time taken
is t then Determine (a) maximum velocity (b) total distance travelled.
(A)
( )
2
,
t t
+ +
(B)
( )
2
,
2
t t
+ +
(C) ( )
2
,
2 2
t
t


+
+ (D) ( ) ( )
2
,
2
t
t + +
Solution: (B) Let the particle accelerate for a time t then maximum, velocity
1
v t =
t
1
t-t
1


v
t
Since it retards at a rate and finally comes to rest therefore ( )
1 1
0 t t t =
Or
1 max

t t
t v


= =
+ +
Distance travelled =area under (v -t) graph
( )
max.
1

2
v total time =
( )
2
1
t=
2 2
t t

=
+ +
Example 14: The displacement of a particle moving in one dimension is given by 3 t x = + where x
is in meter and t in second. The displacement, when the velocity is zero is
(A) 3 m (B) 1 m (C) 1.8 m (D) None of these
Solution: (D) ( ) ( )
2 dx
x t 3 and 2 t 3
dt
= - = -
dx
v 0 when t 3
dt
= = =
( )
2
x 3 3 0 = - =
Example 15: A body is moved along a straight line path by a machine delivering constant power. The
distance moved by the body in time t is proportional to
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
(A)
3
2
t (B)
1
4
t (C)
1
2
t (D)
3
4
t
Solution: = = =
} }
dV P.dt
Power P F.v m v vdv
dt m
2
v P
or t C when t 0, v 0 C=0
2 m
= + = = \
2Pt dx 2Pt
or v or
m dt m
= =
=
} }
3 1
2 2
2P
dx t dt or x t
m
, So option (a) is correct.
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
A AS SS SI IG GN NM ME EN NT T
LEVEL - I
1. The motion of a body is given by the equation
d (t)
6 3 (t)
dt
u
= - u
Where ( ) t at time t is in ms
1
and t is in seconds. If the body was at rest at t =0, test the
correctness of the following results
(A) The terminal speed is 2 ms
1
.
(B) The magnitude of the initial acceleration is 8 ms
2
.
(C) The speed varies with time as
3t
(t) 2(1 e )
-
u = -
(D) The speed variation is 2ms
1
when the acceleration is half the initial value.
2. A driver applies brakes to the vehicle on seeing traffic signal 400 m ahead. At the time of applying
the brakes vehicle was moving with 15 ms
-1
and then starts retarding with 0.3 ms
-2
. The distance of
vehicle after 1 min from the traffic light:
(A) 25m (B) 375m (C) 360m (D) 40m
3. A particle is moving along a circular path of radius 5m and with uniform speed 5 m/s. What will be
the average acceleration when the particle completes half revolution?
(A) zero (B) 10 m/s
2
(C) 10 tm/s
2
(D) 10/tm/s
2
4. Which of the following graph correctly represents velocity-time relationship for a particle released
from rest to fall freely under gravity?
v
t
v
t
v
t
v
t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5. A bus accelerate uniformly from rest and acquires a speed of 36 km/hour in 10 seconds. The
acceleration is
(A) 1000 m/sec
2
(B) 1 m/sec
2
(C) 100 m/sec
2
(D) 10 m/sec
2
6. A stone is thrown vertically up from the ground. It reaches a maximum height of 50 meters in 10 sec. After
what time it will reach the ground from the maximum height position?
(A) 1.2 sec (B) 5 sec (C) 10 sec (D) 25 sec
7. A body thrown up with a velocity reaches a maximum height of 50 meters. Another body with double
the mass thrown up, with double the initial velocity will reach a maximum height of
(A) 100 m (B) 200 m (C) 10 m (D) 400 m
8. The reaction time for a car driver is 0.9 sec. If the car travelling initially with 36 Km/hr is stopped by
the driver in two seconds after observing a signal by the deceleration of 5 m/s
2
, the total distance
traveled by the car before coming to rest is -
(A) 19 m (B) 9 m (C) 10 m (D) 28 m
9. A car starts from rest. Attains a velocity of 36 km/h with an acceleration of 0.2 m/s
2
, travels 9 km
with this uniform velocity and then comes to halt with a uniform deceleration of 0.1 m/s
2
. The total
time of travel of the car is
(A) 1050 s (B) 1000 s (C) 950 s (D) 900 s
10. A car travelling on a straight track moves with uniform velocity V
1
for some time and with uniform
velocity V
2
for next equal time, the average velocity is given by
(A)
1 2
V V (B)
1 2
V V
2
(C)
1
1 2
1 1
V V

| |
+
|
\ .
(D)
1
1 2
1 1
2
V V

| |
+
|
\ .
11. A lift is moving with a retardation of 5 m/s
2
. The percentage change in the weight of person in the lift
is (g =10 m/s
2
)
(A) 100 (B) 25 (C) 50 (D) 75
12. The distances traveled by a body starting from rest and travelling with uniform acceleration, in
successive intervals of time of equal duration will be in the ratio
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 2 : 4 (C) 1 : 3 : 5 (D) 1 : 5 : 9
13. The average velocity of a body moving with uniform acceleration after travelling a distance of 3.06
m is 0.34 m/s
1
. If the change in velocity of the body is 0.18 ms
1
during this time its uniform
acceleration is.
(A) 0.01 m/s
2
(B) 0.02 m/s
2
(C) 0.03 m/s
2
(D) 0.04 m/s
2
14. Equation of position (x) with time (t) is given by equation x =3t
2
+7t
2
+5t +8m. The acceleration at
time t =1 sec. is :
(A) 18 m/sec
2
(B) 32 m/sec
2
(C) Zero (D) 14 m/sec
2
15. A man slides down an inclined plane and drops a bag from the position to the ground. If velocities of
man and bag on reaching the ground are
M
v and
B
v respectively then:
(A)
M B
v v > (B)
M B
v v < (C)
M B
v v = (D) depend on weight
16. One car moving on a straight road covers one third of the distance with 20 km/hr and the rest with
60 km/hr. The Average speed is
(A) 40 km/hr (B) 80 km/hr (C)
2
46 km/hr
3
(D) 36 km/hr
17. A particle covers 50m. distance with 40 kmph and rest half distance with 60 kmpl then the average
speed of car is :
(A) 100 m (B) 150 m (C) 200 m (D) 250 m
18. A car travels half distance with 40 kmph and rest half distance with 60 kmph then the average
speed of car is :
(A) 40 kmph (B) 48 kmph (C) 52 kmph (D) 60 kmph
19. A particle is moving east-wards with a velocity of 15 m/s. In a time of 10 seconds, the velocity changes to
15 m/s north-wards. Average acceleration during this time is, in m/s
2
(A)
3
2
north-east (B) 3 2 north-east (C)
3
2
north-west (D) 3 2 north-west
20. A car starts from rest and travels with uniform acceleration o for some time and then with uniform
retardation | and comes to rest. If the total travel time of the car is 't', the maximum velocity attained
by it is given by
(A) .t
( )
o|
o + |
(B)
2
1
.t
2( )
o|
o + |
(C) .t
( )
o|
o |
(D)
2
1
.t
2( )
o|
o |
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
LEVEL - II
1. Water drops fall from a tap on to the floor 5.0 m below at regular intervals of time, the first drop
striking the floor when the fifth drop begins to fall. The height at which the third drop will be from
ground, at that instant when first drop strikes the ground, will be, taking g =10.0 m/sec
2
.
(A) 1.25 m (B) 2.15 m (C) 2.75 m (D) 3.75 m
2. A stone is dropped freely, while another is thrown vertically downward with an initial velocity of 2
ms
2
from the same point, simultaneously. The time required by them to have a distance of
separation 22 m between them is
(A) 11 sec. (B) 5.5 sec. (C) 44 sec. (D) 22 sec.
3. A body is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity u reaches maximum height in 6 seconds.
The ratio of distance traveled by the body in the first, second and seventh second is :
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 11 : 1 (C) 1 : 2 (D) 1 : 11
4. A particle travels 10 m in first 5 sec and 10 m in next 3 sec. assuming constant acceleration what is
the distance traveled in next 2 sec.
(A) 8.3 m (B) 9.3 m (C) 10.3 m (D) None
5. Acceleration of a particle changes when :
(A) Direction of velocity changes (B) Magnitude of velocity changes
(C) both of above (D) speed changes
6. The relation 3t 3x 6 = + describes the displacement of a particle in one direction where x is in
meters and t in sec. The displacement, when velocity is zero, is
(A) 24 m (B) 12 m (C) 5 m (D) zero
7. The displacement 'x' of a particle moving along a straight line at time t is given by
2
0 1 2
x a a t a t = + +
what is the acceleration of the particle?
(A) a
1
(B) a
2
(C) 2a
2
(D) 3a
2
8. A body starts from rest and has an acceleration 20 cm/sec
2
. What is the distance covered by the
body in first 8 sec ?
(A) 160 cm (B) 640 cm (C) 1280 cm (D) 1640 cm
9. Pick up the correct statements:
(A) Area under a-t graph gives velocity
(B) Area under a-t graph gives change in velocity
(C) Path of projectile as seen by another projectile is a parabola,
(D) A body, whatever be its motion, is always at rest in a frame of reference fixed to the body itself.
10. A body is moving in a circle at a uniform speed . What is the magnitude of the change in velocity
when the radius vector describes an angle u:
(A) cos (B) 2 cos
2

| |
|
\ .
(C) sin (D) 2 sin
2

| |
|
\ .
11. A bicyclist encounter a series of hills uphill whose speed is always v
1
and down hill speed is always
v
2
. The total distance travelled is , with uphill and downhill portions of equal length. The cyclist's
average speed is:
(A)
2
v v
2 1
+
(B)
2 1
2
2
2
1
v v
v v
+
+
(C)
2 1
2 1
v v
v v
+
(D)
2 1
2 1
v v
v v 2
+
12. Choose the wrong statement:
(A) Zero velocity of a particle does not necessarily mean that its acceleration is zero.
(B) Zero acceleration of a particle does not necessarily mean that its velocity is zero.
(C) If the speed of a particle is constant, its acceleration must be zero.
(D) None of these
13. Displacement (x) of a particle is related to time (t) as x =at +bt
2
ct
3
where a, b and c are
constants of motion. The velocity of the particle when its acceleration is zero is given by:
(A)
2
b
a
c
+ (B)
2
2
b
a
c
+ (C)
2
3
b
a
c
+ (D)
2
4
b
a
c
+
Chapter - 1 Motion in One Dimension
14. A particle moving in a straight line covers half the distance with speed of 3 m/s. The other half of the
distance is covered in two equal time intervals with speed of 4.5 m/s and 7.5 m/s respectively. The
average speed of the particle during this motion is
(A) 4.0 m/s (B) 5.0 m/s (C) 5.5 m/s (D) 4.8 m/s
15. The acceleration of a particle is increasing linearly with time t as bt. The particle starts from the
origin with an initial velocity v
0
. The distance travelled by the particle in time t will be
(A)
2
0
1
v t bt
3
+ (B)
3
0
1
v t bt
3
+ (C)
3
0
1
v t bt
6
+ (D)
2
0
1
v t bt
2
+
16. The motion of a body is given by the equation
dv(t)
6.0 3v(t)
dt
= - . where v(t) is speed in m/s and t in
sec. If body was at rest at t =0
(A) The terminal speed is 2.0 m/s
(B) The speed varies with the time as v(t) =2(1 e
3t
) m/s
(C) The speed is 0.1 m/s when the acceleration is half the initial value
(D) The magnitude of the initial acceleration is 6.0 m/s
2
17. A particle starts from rest. Its acceleration (a) versus time (t) is as shown in
the figure. The maximum speed of the particle will be
(A) 110 m/s
(B) 55 m/s
(C) 550 m/s
(D) 660 m/s
18. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed u, the distance covered during the last t seconds of its
ascent is
(A)
2
1
gt
2
(B)
2
1
ut gt
2
- (C) (u gt)t (D) ut d
19. A particle is acted upon by a force of constant magnitude which is always perpendicular to the
velocity of the particle. The motion of the particle takes place in a plane. It follows that
(A) Velocity is constant (B) Acceleration is constant
(C) Kinetic energy is variable (D) It moves in a circular path
20. The variation of velocity of a particle with time moving along a straight line
is illustrated in the following figure. The distance traveled by the particle in
four second is
(A) 60 m
(B) 55 m
(C) 25 m
(D) 30 m

You might also like