A Project Report On Production Planning Based On Sales Forecasting

A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting
CONTENTS
S.No. CHAPTERS NAME Page. No.
01
INTRODUCTION
02
02
DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
04
03
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
18
04
SYSTEM DESIGN
22
05
TESTING
40
06
SAMPLE SCREENS
45
07
SAMPLE CODING
52
08
CONCLUSION
61
09
BIBLIOGRAPHY
62
Dept of Computer Science
AMES Degree Science College Raichur
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CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT:
Production Forecasting is intranet-based application that concentrates on the arteries of commercial transactions, which is properly established between the Sales team and the Production Team in conducting the general sales transactions. The application acts as a bridge between the Sales team and the production team to run the general business transactions of the sales in integration of the production and marketing team with the use of the Electronic media. This application helps the commercial people to gain through the accessibility of this business process with a formula of 24 * 7 * 365 day standard.
The Actual purpose is designing the application as the present system is to improve the accessibility for the administrator, Sales manager and production manager in fulfilling their needs, as per the required transactional state. The administrator can reach through his needs at the click of a mouse. The entire system becomes false proof and higher levels of satisfaction prevails at the side of the administrator, as the information related to the products their availability is at the reach of his hands.
This application design helps the administrator to maintain the business transactions to run in smoother way involving the basic transactions between the sales team and production team and their coordination. This application takes care of the all the employee details with respect to their designations and concern departments Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 2
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting information. It even involves the maintenance if the inventory details of the products, their model details and the available stock records. The Production details even involve the maintenance of the supplier s information with the concerned raw material requirements information to raise the production according the forecast done by the Sales manager.
The total portal has been planned to be associated through the conceptual constant of the .NET technologies, the concept handles the latest trends that are set for higher data transfer rates optimized bandwidth utilizations of the network by using the VB.NET & ASP. NET technologies.
1.2 Objective of the system

The objective of this system is to avoid the wastage of the products, that are manufacturing in the company and the manufacturing of the product is to be maintained at which amount it is required for the customers based on sales forecasting. Some companies manufacture uniform quantities of all models, some of which were sold out and others which had excess inventory at the end of every month. So the problem was in the scheduling of production of specific models and not as much on capacity. It is a sophisticated system that can chalk out the production plan based on sales forecasting.
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CHAPTER-2 DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
2.1 Hardware Specification:
1) Processor 2) RAM 3) Hard Disk 4) CPU clock
: : : :
Intel Due core/Core 2 Due/AMD Athlon 64k 512MB/1GB/Above 80GB/160GB/Above 1.6GHz/2.2GHz/Above
2.2 Software Specification:

Front-end: Programming Language Frame work : : C#.Net 2.0 Microsoft .NET 2.0(VS 2005)
Back-end: Database : Microsoft SQL Server2005
Platform: Operating system : Windows xp sp2/sp3/vista.win7
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2.2 ABOUT THE SOFTWARE
Software Requirement Specification: The SRS is the starting point of the software activity. It is produced at the culmination of the analysis task. The function and performance allocated to software as part of description, detailed functional constant description, appropriate validation criteria and other data requirement specification consists of the basic activities, they are 1) Problem analysis. 2) System Requirement Specification.
The purpose of SRS is to bridge the communication gap between user and the programmers. SRS is the medium, which the client and user needs are accurately and unambiguously specified. Indeed SRS forms the basis for the software development.
Computer System Engineering
Software Requirement Analysis
Software Design
Figure: Overview of Analysis Task.
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Problem Analysis: Problem Analysis involves the client and end users. One of the major activities during problem analysis is how to organize the information obtained, so the information can be effectively evaluation for completeness and consistency.
System Requirement Specification: Before any software is developed the requirement are setup. System requirements describe the tests that must be met for so the software to be accepted by the user and the programmer. System requirements study is the medium through which the client and the user needs are accurately specified.
User Requirement Specification: User requirement specification describes the relation between the input and the output of the system. For each requirement of the user a description of all data and their source, the unit of measure the range of valid input must be specified. This face deals with requirement of the user for this system. The user is willing to participate in the conferencing. The system also user-friendly interfacing.
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Introduction to the .NET Framework:

The .NET is one of the powerful technologies released by Microsoft with the objective to fulfill the idea of software as a service. Microsoft .NET Framework is the programming model of the .NET environment for building, deploying, and running web-based applications, smart client applications, and XMC web services. It manages much of the plumping, enabling developers to fours only on writing the business login code for their applications. The .NET framework, which helps developers build visual studio 2005 projects, offers four programming languages Visual Studio 2005, Visual C++ 2005, and Visual J#. You can select the programming language of your choice to develop applications based on your expertise in a specific language. Visual Studio 2005 is a very user-friendly environment to clear applications. These applications can be categorized into various categories, such as windows applications, Web applications, and console applications. A program that is written to run under Microsofts windows operating system is called windows application. Web applications refer to software that runs on websites or software that is stored on websites and downloaded to the user. Console application run directly from the windows command prompt. Visual Studio 2005 also includes many helpful wizards to create the code, as well as useful features such as context coloring, integrated online help, auto completion edit-time error notification, and so on. The .NET framework provides a standard class library that you can use to reduce the amount of code so that you do not have to reinvent the wheel all the time. This feature provides better productivity and safer code because the class library has already been tested by Microsoft. In this way, your programs can be very small compared to
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Earlier windows applications because the cod for the class library contains the details that you do not need to specify while writing your programs. Components of .NET Framework .NET Framework provides the necessary compile time and runtime foundation to build and run .NET based applications. Compile time refers to the time when a compiler compiles code written in a programming language into an executable form. Runtime describes the operation of a computer program; the duration of its execution from beginning to termination. .NET Framework consists of different components that help to build and run .NET based application, which are: Common Language Runtime(CLR) Microsoft Intermediate Language(MSIL) Just In Time(JIT) Assemblies
Lets learn about these components in detail.
Common Language Runtime

Before explaining CLR, let us understand what runtime is. When a program is running, it is said to be in runtime. That is, when you execute in a program in a computer, it is runtime for that program. In some programming languages, certain reusable programs or routines are built and packaged as a runtime library. These routines can b linked to and used by any program when it is running. The .NET Framework provides a runtime environment called the Common Language Runtime, which manages the execution of code and provides services that make the development of robust software applications easier. The CLR provides a solid
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Foundation of developers to build various types of applications. Whether a developer is writing an ASP.NET application, a windows Forms application, a web service, a mobile code application, a distributed application, or an application that combines several of these application mobiles, the CLR provides huge benefits such as simplified development and the ability to integrate code written in various languages. The code executed by the common language runtime environment rather than by the operating system is known as managed code alternatively, the code executed directly by the operating system and not by the Common Language Runtime is called unmanaged code.
Microsoft intermediate Language

MSIL is the CPU-independent instruction set provided to .NET compilers from .NET languages such as Visual Basic, Visual J#, and Visual C#. When a .NET program is compiled, each .NET computable language provides its own compiler to compiler code to MSIL. After the code is compiled in MSIL the runtime compiles the MSIL to native code and then runs the application.
Just In Time (JIT)

The runtime uses a JIT compiler to compiler the MSIL to native code. After the application is JIT-compiled it is cached so that it does not need to be recompiled for each request.
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Assemblies
Every software application has an executable file (.exe). Apart from the executable file, there are Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) and Library (LIB) files, which contain the compiled code of some commonly, used functions. These files come along with the software application and are necessary for the application. In terms of .NET runtime, the process of packaging is called assembling. An assembly contains of metadata, and other files required executing .NET program successfully. In .NET framework, assemblies play an important role. An assembly is a fundamental unit of development. Deployment is the process wherein you install an application on a machine assembled can be created with the help of some development tools like Visual Studio 2005 or with the help of tools provided in the .NET framework Software Development Kit (SDK). We can make our assemblies in the form of .dll or .exe files using Visual Studio 2005
Figure: Runtime compilation and Execution process in .NET
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Whats New in Visual C# 2005?

Visual C# 2005 has been greatly improved for visual C# developers as it now includes new compiler features, new language constructs, and improved debugging. The major improvements or developments in visual C# 2005 fall under two basic categories: productivity features, and language improvements. Lets now see some of the new productivity features of Visual C# 2005.
New Productivity Features in Visual C# 2005
Many new features have been added in Visual C# 005 to increase the productivity of Visual C# developers. These features help developers to create C# applications easily and efficiently. Following is list of new features added to Visual C# 2005: IntelliSense code snippets feature: With this feature, when user right-clicks in the Visual C# code editor and selects a task from a hierarchical list, the predefined code corresponding to the selected task automatically inserted into the source file. Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 11
Edit and Continue: This is a debugger feature that allows you to pause an application being debugged, make changes to the code, and then continue without a full project recompile. Even in the break mode, a visual C# developer can modify a code and debug the errors. This change in Visual C# 2005 has been specially welcomed by Visual C# developers.
Exception assistant: The exception assistant provides standard information about runtime exceptions and suggests methods to handle them. It mostly provides the location of line in the code where the runtime exception has occurred.
Snap lines: This new feature has been added to windows forms in Visual C# 2005. With the snap lines feature, you can easily align controls according to the alignment of other controls in windows forms.
XML code comments: Visual C# 2005 provides support for inserting XMLbased comments in a source code file. You can easily extract, parse, and convert these XML code comments into documentation.
Now lets move on to discuss language improvements in Visual C# 2005.
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Visual C# 2005 Language Improvements

A variety of new features have been incorporated in Visual C# 2005 programming which helps to synchronize the Visual C# with .NET Framework and make it a leading programming language for application development. A list of these features is given here: Operator overloading: This feature provides a way to define and us operators such as +,-, and / for user-defined classes or struts. It allows the user to define/redefine the way operators work with our classes and struts. This allows the users C# developers to make their custom types look and feel like simple types such as int and string.
Generics: Use this feature to parameterize classes, struts, interfaces and methods by the types of data stored and manipulated by them. application. .NET Framework provides a set of generic collection classes as part of the System.Collections.Generic namespace.
Support for unsigned Integer Types: In Visual C# 2005, you can create and use .NET Framework unsigned integer types and also perform mathematical operations on the values of unsigned integer type. Visual C# 2005 not only supports unsigned integer types fully, but also allows conversion between them.
Partial Classes: It is possible to split the definition of a class or a strut, or an interface over to or more source files. Each source file contains a section of the class definition, and all parts are combined when the application is compiled. In other words, the same class can be stored, with different members, in different physical locations. It would be help full for those programmers, who are working on large projects. Spreading a class over separate files in allows multiple programmers to work on it simultaneously.
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Background worker object: This feature helps handle asynchronous processing and ensures that the call back procedure runs on the correct thread. In Visual C# 2005, you can easily drag the background worker object control from the tool box and drop it on to the design surface to run slow running processes as background tasks.
Introduction to the SQL Server 2005:
SQL Server 2005 can be more accurately described as an Enterprise Data Platform. It offers many new features and even more enhanced or improved features from previous editions of the product. In addition to traditional RDBMS duty, SQL Server 2005 also provides rich reporting capabilities, powerful data analysis, and data mining, as well as features that support asynchronous data applications, data-driven event notification, and more.
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting This book is primarily focused on the administration of the Database Engine. However, as mentioned, SQL Server 2005 includes many more features than just the relational engine. In light of that, it is important to start with some point of common reference. This section introduces the features of SQL Server 2005. It is not meant to be all-inclusive, but it will provide the context for the remainder of the book.
Later chapters go into greater detail and delve into the technologies behind each feature and how they affect you, the database administrator. SQL Server 2005 is such an enormous product that no one book could possibly cover every feature in detail, so some features will only be covered briefly as an introduction, while the core administrative features will be described in greater detail.
Database Engine
The Database Engine is the primary component of SQL Server 2005. It is the Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) engine for SQL Server, and has been improved and enhanced tremendously in this version. The Database Engine is a high-performance component responsible for the efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of relational and Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatted data.
SQL Server 2005s Database Engine is highly optimized for transaction processing, but offers exceptional performance in complex data retrieval operations. The Database Engine is also responsible for the controlled access and modification of data through its security subsystem. SQL Server 2005s Database Engine has many major improvements to support scalability, availability, and advanced (and secure) programming objects:
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Physical partitioning of tables and indexesTables and indexes can now be physically partitioned across multiple file groups consisting of multiple physical files. This dramatically improves the performance of data retrieval operations and maintenance tasks that are executed against very large tables. (See Chapter 5 for more information).
Data Definition Language (DDL) triggersDDL triggers can be used to execute commands and procedures when DDL type statements are executed. In the past, modifications to the database could go undetected until they caused an application to fail. With DDL triggers, a history of all actions can be easily recorded or even prevented. DDL triggers can be placed at the server or database level.
Enhanced variable-length data typesA new MAX keyword has been added to varchar, Nvarchar and varbinary data types that allow the allocation of up to 2GB of space for large object variables. One of the chief advantages of this addition is the ability to use large value types in the declaration and use of variables.
XML data typeThe new XML data type enables the storage of well-formed and schema validated XML data. It also brings rich support in the form of XML data type methods, along with enhancements to OPENXML and FOR XML T-SQL commands.
Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS)MARS allows for clients to maintain more than one data request per connection. For example, in the past, if a connection was opened in an application, only one data reader could be opened to retrieve data from the database. To open another data reader, the first one had to be closed. With MARS, this limitation is removed.
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Structured error handlingT-SQL now includes the ability to perform structured error handling in the form of TRY and CATCH commands that remove the necessity of repeated checks for errors in scripts, and the ability to elegantly handle any errors that do occur.
Common Table Expressions (CTE)Microsoft has extended the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) compliance of T-SQL by including the ability to use the CTE object. CTEs are extraordinarily useful in the creation of efficient queries that return hierarchical information without the need for using lengthy and complicated recursive sub-queries.
Security enhancementsSQL Servers security architecture has been enhanced considerably with the ability to enforce account policies on SQL Server logins. Other additions to SQL Servers security architecture include the control of execution context and the ability to create encryption keys and certificates to control access and guarantee the integrity of database objects through the use of digital signatures.
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CHAPTER-3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION:
Some companies manufacture particular amount of product for every month if the manufactured product is not sold out there is a lot of wastage for that month. If the requirement of the product for that particular month is more they cannot manufacture at what amount it is required. Companies manufacturing uniform quantities of all models, some of which were sold out and others, which had excess inventory at the end of every month. So the problem was in the scheduling of production of specific models and not as much on capacity. It is a sophisticated system that can chalk out the production plan based on the forecasting carried out by the national Sales Team.. The sales forecasts are submitted for every month by the sales officers of that particular company.
It involves the transactions of viewing the orders information generated by the sales team, issuing the alerts against the non submission of orders information. If the administrator has to conduct the business by employing a flexible relation between the Sales and Production teams in association with other organization parts, he should have ready lines of information about, the suppliers who practically exist for the supply of raw material, Sales team who conduct the process of organizing the sales and Production team who organizes the production process and finally the inventory team Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 18
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting which maintains the details of the all the products associated models details in supporting the sales team in increasing the sales. If it is doing through manual it is the costly process and it takes more time to perform it. If it is handled through web based the process is cheap and it takes less time.
3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM:

Before invented this system all the process is done through manual by the people. The forecasts are submitted to the higher officers directly by the sales officers who are working in that company. All the details like sales, product, raw material, machinery, suppliers, stock of the raw material ,address of the suppliers, models of the product, models of the machinery etcall are stored as manual process. This process always costs some extra time for the administrator to monitor all the details and conduct the business transactions in smoother way. If it is handled through web based the process is cheap and it takes less time. Manual processing: Before invented this system all the process is done through manual by the people. So more man power is require. Time consuming: All the details like sales, product, rawmetrial, machinery, suppliers, stock of the raw material, address of the suppliers, etc all are stored as manual process.This process always costs some extra time for the administrator to monitor all the details and conduct the business transactions in smoother way. No Proper Information regarding products sales statistics Communication Gap between Production team and Sales TEAM. Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 19
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Unnecessary time wastage for market survey.
3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

It is an intranet based application it maintains a central database for the company the submission of the forecasts are stored in that...The company manufactures the product based on the sales forecasts that are in the database due to the intranet based the communication is easy and cheap for them. The production is manufactured based on sales forecasts. So there is no wastage of product for the company. The
administrator can reach through his needs at the click of a mouse. If the administrator has to conduct the business by employing a flexible relation between the Sales and Production teams in association with other organization parts, he should have ready lines of information about, the suppliers who practically exist for the supply of raw material, Sales team who conduct the process of organizing the sales and Production team who organizes the production process and finally the inventory team which maintains the details of the all the products associated models details in supporting the sales team in increasing the sales. This process always costs some extra time for the administrator to monitor all the details and conduct the business transactions in smoother way.
But the same scenario if it is handled through the intranet based application, which will always give the administrator a used variety of choice with many different products from different models at his reach maintain the business transactions. The Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 20
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting customer need not even make a move physically from his place to get the required information of suppliers and products. The customer has a deeps satisfaction is processing a product of his choice respective of geographical lassies. Which are major handles is a manual system. These are the advantages of this system.
INCREASE OF THE SERVICE LEVEL. INCREASE OF THE PROFIT MARGIN. MINIMUM INVENTORY INVESTMENTS. No wastage of products. Time saving.
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CHAPTER-4 SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 DATABASE DESIGN:
A database is collection of interrelated data stored with a minimum redundancy. The database design is used to group data into a number of tables and minimum the artificiality embedded in using separated files. The tables are organized to o Reduced duplication of data. o Simplify functions like clear, submit, modifying data etc. o Retracting data. o Clarity and ease of use. o More information of low cost.
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS):

DBMS can be described as a computer-based record keeping system, which consists of software for processing a collection of interrelated data. A set of structures and relationship that meet a specific need is known as schema. CHARACTERISTIC OF DBMS: Control of data redundancy. Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 22
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Sharing of data. Maintenance of integrity. Data independence. Control over security. Hardware independence.
Normalization:
Normalization is a process of simplifying relationship between data element in a record. The normalization technique, logical groups the data over number of tables with minimum redundancy of data. The entities are tables resulting from normalization contain data items, with relationship being represented by replication of data items. Need for Normalization: Improves database design. Ensure minimum redundancy of data. Reduce need to reorganize data when design is modified /enhanced. Removes anomalies for database activities.
Steps in Normalization: First Normal Form (1NF): No Repeating Groups. Identify repeating groups of fields. Remove repeating groups to separate table. Identify the keys for the tables.
Second Normal form (2NF): No non-key attributes depend on a Portion of the primary key. Check if all the fields are dependent on whole key. Remove fields that depend on part of the key. Group partially dependent fields as a separate table. AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 23
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Name of the tables. Identify key to the tables.
Third Normal form (3NF): No attributes depend upon other non-key a Attributes. Remove fields that are. Depend upon other non-key attribute. Can be calculated or derived from logic. Group interdependent fields as separate tables; identify the keys and name of the tables. Relationships: Tables in a database can be related to one another on the common field, which usually is the key field of the table. A key as a special attribute by which the field can be uniquely identified. The types of keys are primary key, foreign key, and candidate key. Primary key: Primary key is one or more column (fields) in a table to uniquely each row in the table. It identifies the column, as mandatory column i.e., the column cannot be left blank. The data held across the column must be unique.
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting A single column primary key is called a simple key. A multicolumn primary key is called a composite primary key. Only when a record cannot be uniquely identified using the column in a single column, than composite key is defined. Foreign key: Foreign key is a column (or groups of columns or fields) whose values are derived from primary key or unique key of some other table.
DATABASE TABLES
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4.2 Diagrams
The original code was inherited from Sybase and designed for eight-megabyte Unix systems in 1983.These new formats improve manageability and scalability and allow the server to easily scale from low-end to high-end systems, improving performance and manageability.
Benefits
There are many benefits of the new on-disk layout, including: Improved scalability and integration with Windows NT Server. Better performance with larger I/Os. Stable record locators allow more indexes. More indexes speed decision support queries. Simpler data structures provide better quality.
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Greater extensibility, so that subsequent releases will have a cleaner development process and new features are faster to implement.
Ta ble I ndexes
A SQL Server index is a structure associated with a table that speeds retrieval of the rows in the table. An index contains keys built from one or more columns in the table. These keys are stored in a structure that allows SQL Server to quickly and efficiently find the row or rows associated with the key values. This structure is called a heap. The two types of SQL Server indexes are clustered and non-clustered indexes.
Data Ty pe Change s U nic o de Data

SQL Server now supports Unicode data types, which makes it easier to store data in multiple languages within one database by eliminating the problem of converting characters and installing multiple code pages. Unicode stores character data using two bytes for each character rather than one byte. There are 65,536 different bit patterns in two bytes, so Unicode can use one standard set of bit patterns to encode each character in all languages, including languages such as Chinese that have large numbers of characters. Many programming languages also support Unicode data types. The new data types that support Unicode are ntext, nchar, and nvarchar. They are the same as text, char, and varchar, except for the wider range of characters supported and the increased storage space used.
Im pr o ve d Da ta St ora ge
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Data storage flexibility is greatly improved with the expansion of the maximum limits for char, varchar, binary, and varbinary data types to 8,000 bytes, increased from 255 bytes. It is no longer necessary to use text and image data types for data storage for anything but very large data values. The Transact-SQL string functions also support these very long char and varchar values, and the SUBSTRING function can be used to process text and image columns. The handling of Nulls and empty strings has been improved. A new unique identifier data type is provided for storing a globally unique identifier (GUID).
Nor mal izat i on

Normalization is the concept of analyzing the inherent or normal relationships between the various elements of a database.
Data is normalized in different forms: First normal form: Data is in first normal form if data of the tables is moved in to
separate tables where data in each table is of a similar type, giving each table a primary key a unique label or an identifier. This eliminates repeating groups of data.
Second normal form: Involves taking out data that is

key.
only dependent on part of
Third normal form:
Involves removing the transitive dependencies. This means getting rid of any thing in the tables that doesnt depend solely on the primary key. Thus, through normalization, effective data storage can be achieved eliminating redundancies and repeating groups.
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Data scripts
Database scripts have been implemented extensively in this project which are used for entering and retrieving the data efficiently data efficiently. There are 30 tables in the whole project and each of them have been assigned primary key and foreign key constraints and relations between them. The scripts are generated by SQL server 2005 and implementation is purely backend.
Block Diagram of System
Company Admin conducts the sale of Products
Checks the availability of the Product at every sale transaction
Depending upon the products list available admin finalizes the sale transactions
If sales Completed Else
Sales officer checks the data in the system for inventory status and raises sales forecast to the Production team
Production team starts production of the demanded products described through sales forecast
Admin monitors the sales conducted and checks for the Dept of Computer Science sales forecast submitted
Production team and If Not submitted Production sales team coordinate Manager and admin raises a alert AMES Degree Science College Raichur for better Page 31 sales of the to the sales officer products
Introduction to UML
The unified modeling language is a standard language for writing s/w blue prints. The UML may be used to visualize, specify construct and document the artic rafts of a s/w intensive of a system. The UML is appropriate for modeling system ranging from enterprises information system distributed web based applications and even to hard real time embedded systems. The UML is only language and so is only just one part of a s/w development method. The UML is process independent, although optimally it should be used in a process that is driven, architecture-centric, iterative and incremental. The UML is a language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, documenting the artic rafts of a s/w intensive system. A modeling language is a language whose vocabulary and rules focus on the conceptual and physical representation of a system. A modeling language such as the UML is thus a standard language for s/w blueprints. The UML is a graphical language, which consists of all interesting systems; there are also different structures that are transcending what can be represented in a programming language. The UML is more than just the branch of graphical symbols.Rather, behind each symbol in the UML notation is a well-defined semantics.
Unified Modeling Language Diagrams:

The unified modeling language allows the software engineer to express an analysis model using the modeling notation that is governed by a set of syntactic semantic and pragmatic rules.
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A UML system is represented using five different views that describe the system from distinctly different perspective. Each view is defined by a set of diagram, which is as follows.
User Model View:

This view represents the system from the users perspective. The analysis representation describes a usage scenario from the end-users perspective.
Structural model view:

In this model the data and functionality are arrived from inside the system. This model view models the static structures.
Behavioral Model View:

It represents the dynamic of behavioral as parts of the system, depicting the interactions of collection between various structural elements described in the user model and structural model view.
Implementation Model View:

In this the structural and behavioral as parts of the system are represented as they are to be built.
Environmental Model View:

In this the structural and behavioral aspects of the environment in which the system is to be implemented are represented. Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 33
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting UML is specifically constructed through two different domains they are i. UML Analysis modeling, which focuses on the user model and
structural model views of the system ii. UML design modeling, which focuses on the behavioral modeling, implementation modeling and environmental model views.
4.3 Use Case Diagrams:

Use cases model the system from the end users point of view, with the following objectives i. To define the functional and operational requirements of the system by scenario of usage.
defining a ii.
To provide a class and unambiguous description of how the end user interact with one another.
and the system
iii. To provide a basis for validation testing.
Use case Diagram
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4.4 Class Diagram
4.5 Sequence Diagram

Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 36
4.6 Collaboration diagram
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4.7 State Diagram:
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4.8 Activity Diagram
4.9 Component Diagram
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The total system after careful analysis has been identified to contain the follows modules.
A. Administration Module B. Production Module C. Sales Module
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CHAPTER -5 TESTING
Testing is the process of detecting errors. Testing performs a very critical role for quality assurance and for ensuring the reliability of software. The results of testing are used later on during maintenance also. Psychology of Testing The aim of testing is often to demonstrate that a program works by showing that it has no errors. The basic purpose of testing phase is to detect the errors that may be present in the program. Hence one should not start testing with the intent of showing that a program works, but the intent should be to show that a program doesnt work. Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors. Testing Objectives The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically and with minimum effort and time. Stating formally, we can say: Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding error, if it exists. The tests are inadequate to detect possibly present errors. The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable standards.
Levels of Testing Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 41
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting In order to uncover the errors present in different phases we have the concept of levels of testing. The basic levels of testing are as shown below
Acceptance Testing
Client Needs Requirements
System Testing
Integration Testing
Design
Unit Testing
System Testing The philosophy behind testing is to find errors. Test cases are devised with this in mind. A strategy employed for system testing is code testing. Code Testing: This strategy examines the logic of the program. To follow this method we developed some test data that resulted in executing every instruction in the program and module i.e. every path is tested. Systems are not designed as entire nor are they tested as single systems. To ensure that the coding is perfect two types of testing is performed or for that matter is performed or that matter is performed or for that matter is performed on all systems.
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Types of Testing 1. Unit Testing 2. Link Testing Unit Testing Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software i.e. the module. Using the detailed design and the process specifications testing is done to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. All modules must be successful in the unit test before the start of the integration testing begins. In this project each service can be thought of a module. There are so many modules like Login, HWAdmin, MasterAdmin, Normal User, and P Manager. Giving different sets of inputs has tested each module. When developing the module as well as finishing the development so that each module works without any error. The inputs are validated when accepting from the user. In this application developer tests the programs up as system. Software units in a system are the modules and routines that are assembled and integrated to form a specific function. Unit testing is first done on modules, independent of one another to locate errors. This enables to detect errors. Through this errors resulting from interaction between modules initially avoided.
Link Testing Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 43
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Link testing does not test software but rather the integration of each module in system. The primary concern is the compatibility of each module. The Programmer tests where modules are designed with different parameters, length, type etc. Integration Testing After the unit testing we have to perform integration testing. The goal here is to see if modules can be integrated properly, the emphasis being on testing interfaces between modules. This testing activity can be considered as testing the design and hence the emphasis on testing module interactions. In this project integrating all the modules forms the main system. When integrating all the modules I have checked whether the integration effects working of any of the services by giving different combinations of inputs with which the two services run perfectly before Integration. System Testing Here the entire software system is tested. The reference document for this process is the requirements document, and the goal is to see if software meets its requirements. Here entire ATM has been tested against requirements of project and it is checked whether all requirements of project have been satisfied or not. Acceptance Testing Acceptance Test is performed with realistic data of the client to demonstrate that the software is working satisfactorily. Testing here is focused on external behavior of the system; the internal logic of program is not emphasized. In this project Production Planning based on sales forecasting I have collected some data and tested whether project is working correctly or not.Test cases should be selected so that the largest number of attributes of an equivalence class is exercised at once. The testing phase is an important part of software development. It is the process of finding Dept of Computer Science AMES Degree Science College Raichur Page 44
A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting errors and missing operations and also a complete verification to determine whether the objectives are met and the user requirements are satisfied. White Box Testing This is a unit testing method where a unit will be taken at a time and tested thoroughly at a statement level to find the maximum possible errors. I tested step wise every piece of code, taking care that every statement in the code is executed at least once. The white box testing is also called Glass Box Testing. I have generated a list of test cases, sample data,.which is used to check all possible combinations of execution paths through the code at every module level. Black Box Testing This testing method considers a module as a single unit and checks the unit at interface and communication with other modules rather getting into details at statement level. Here the module will be treated as a block box that will take some input and generate output. Output for a given set of input combinations are forwarded to other modules. Criteria Satisfied by Test Cases Test cases that reduced by a count that is greater than one, the number of additional test cases that much be designed to achieve reasonable testing. Test cases that tell us something about the presence or absence of classes of errors, rather than an error associated only with the specific test at hand.
CHAPTER-6
SAMPLE SCREENS
1. Home Page
2. Admin Page
3. Employee Register Page
4. Department Page
5. Raw Material Page
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6. Employee Details Report
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7. Sales Forecast Page
8. Create Users Login
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9. Sales Report
10.Customer Details
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11.Processing Orders
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CHAPTER-7 SAMPLE CODING

Homepage.aspx
<%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="MasterPage.master.cs" Inherits="MasterPage" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title></title> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="head" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> <link href="App_Themes/Theme1/stylesheet/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css"> .style2 { font-family: Andalus; color: #FF0066; } p.MsoNormal {margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; } </style> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server">
<div id="container"> <div class="header"> <div class="topmenu"> <ul> <li><a href="Main.aspx">Home</a></li> <li><a href="Default.aspx">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="SalesLogin.aspx">Sales</a></li> <li><a href="ProdLogin.aspx">Production</a></li> <li><a href="AboutUs.aspx">AboutUs</a></li> <ul> </div> </div>
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<div class="clear"></div> <div class="banner"> <div class="logozone"> <span class="style2"><span class="style3">Production Planning Based On Sales Forecasting</span></span> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="workzone"> <div class="workzone-left"> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server"> <div> <h1> Welcome tWelcome to Production Planning & Forecasting Company</h1> <div> <br /> </div> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> Production Forecasting is intranet-based application that concentrates on the arteries of commercial transactions, which is properly established between the Sales team and the Production Team in conducting the general sales transactions. The application acts as a bridge between the Sales team and the production team to run the general business transactions of the sales in integration of the production and marketing team with the use of the Electronic media. This application helps the commercial people to gain through the accessibility of this business process with a formula of 24 * 7 * 365 day standard.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> The Actual purpose is designing the application as the present system is to improve the accessibility for the administrator, Sales manager and production manager in fulfilling their needs, as per the required transactional state. The administrator can reach through his needs at the click of a mouse. The entire system becomes false proof and higher levels of satisfaction prevails at the side of the administrator, as the information related to the products their availability is at the reach of his hands.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> This application design helps the administrator to maintain the business transactions to run in smoother way involving the basic transactions between the sales team and production team and their coordination. This application takes
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care of the all the employee details with respect to their designations and concern departments information. It even involves the maintenance if the inventory details of the products, their model details and the available stock records.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> The Production details even involve the maintenance of the suppliers information with the concerned raw material requirements information to raise the production according the forecast done by the Sales manager.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> The total portal has been planned to be associated through the conceptual constant of the .NET technologies, the concept handles the latest trends that are set for higher data transfer rates optimized bandwidth utilizations of the network by using the VB.NET & ASP. NET technologies.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%"><o:p><span style="textdecoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></b></p> <div class="latestprojectzone"> <h1> Latest Projects</h1> <div class="projectgallery"> <div style="height:113px;"> <div class="projectimg"> <a href="http://all-free-download.com/free-websitetemplates/"> <img src="App_Themes/Theme1/images/project1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /> <img src="App_Themes/Theme1/images/project2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /> <img src="App_Themes/Theme1/images/project3.jpg" alt="" border="0" /> <img src="App_Themes/Theme1/images/project4.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> <div> <div class="projecttxt"> Bridge Construction Marine Construction Office Construction Building Construction</div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> </div>
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<div class="workzone-right"> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="ContentPlaceHolder2" runat="server"> <div> <h1> Latest News & Events</h1> <div> <div class="newssubheading"> 18th January, 2013</div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="newssubheading"> 18th January, 2013</div><div></div> </div> <div> <div class="newssubheading"> 18th January, 2009</div><div></div> </div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div></asp:ContentPlaceHolder> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="footer"> <div class="footerinside"> <div class="footerlink"> Copyright (c) Sitename.com. All rights reserved. Design by Vijay Lakshmi. iv>
</div> </form> </body> </html>
Login.aspx
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<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/MasterPage.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="SalesLogin.aspx.cs" Inherits="SalesLogin" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" Runat="Server"> <style type="text/css"> .style4 { font-size: large; } </style> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server"> <h1>Sales Officer Login Form</h1> <table align="center"><tr><td class="style4">UserName</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtUN" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </td><td></td></tr> <tr><td class="style4">Password</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtPwd" runat="server" TextMode="Password"></asp:TextBox> </td><td></td></tr> <tr><td class="style5"> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" onclick="Button1_Click" Text="Login" style="height: 26px" /> </td><td class="style5"></td><td class="style5"></td></tr></table> <p style="text-align: center"> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Font-Size="Large" ForeColor="Red"></asp:Label> </p> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content3" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder2" Runat="Server"> </asp:Content>
Login.aspx.cs
using using using using using using using using using System; System.Collections.Generic; System.Linq; System.Web; System.Web.UI; System.Web.UI.WebControls; System.Data.SqlClient; System.Configuration; System.Data;
public partial class SalesLogin : System.Web.UI.Page { SqlConnection scon = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["con"].ToString()); protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { }
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protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string strStr = " "; string strStr1 = " "; scon.Open(); //fetching data from database using datareader String comStr = "select *from Login"; SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(comStr, scon); SqlDataReader reader = com.ExecuteReader(); //validating the admin_id and adminpwd while (reader.Read()) { strStr = reader["LoginName"].ToString(); strStr1 = reader["Password"].ToString(); if (strStr.Equals(txtUN.Text)) { if (strStr1.Equals(txtPwd.Text)) { Response.Redirect("~/Sales/Default.aspx"); } else { Label1.Text = "Invalid UserName and Password"; } } } } }
Employee.aspx
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<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Admin/Admin.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Employee.aspx.cs" Inherits="Admin_Employee" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" Runat="Server"> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content3" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder2" Runat="Server"> <h1>Employee Registeration</h1> <table align="center"> <tr><td>Employee ID</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtEmpId" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </td></tr> <tr><td>Name</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </td></tr> <tr><td>Date Of Birth</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtDOB" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </td></tr> <tr><td>Date of Join</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtDOJ" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </td></tr> <tr><td>Designation</td><td> <asp:TextBox ID="txtDesig" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </td></tr> <tr><td>Department Id</td><td> <asp:DropDownList ID="DeptId" runat="server" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" DataTextField="DeptId" DataValueField="DeptId"> </asp:DropDownList> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:con %>" SelectCommand="SELECT [DeptId] FROM [Dept]"></asp:SqlDataSource> </td></tr> <tr><td> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Submit" onclick="Button1_Click" /> </td><td> <asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" Text="View" onclick="Button2_Click" /> </td></tr> <tr><td> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Font-Size="Medium" ForeColor="Red" Text=" "></asp:Label> </td></tr></table> <p align="center"> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" CellPadding="4" DataKeyNames="EmpId" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource2" EnableModelValidation="True" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None"> <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="White" /> <Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="EmpId" HeaderText="EmpId" ReadOnly="True" SortExpression="EmpId" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" SortExpression="Name" />
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<asp:BoundField DataField="DOB" HeaderText="DOB" SortExpression="DOB" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="DOJ" HeaderText="DOJ" SortExpression="DOJ" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Desig" HeaderText="Desig" SortExpression="Desig" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="DeptId" HeaderText="DeptId" SortExpression="DeptId" /> </Columns> <FooterStyle BackColor="#990000" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#990000" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <PagerStyle BackColor="#FFCC66" ForeColor="#333333" HorizontalAlign="Center" /> <RowStyle BackColor="#FFFBD6" ForeColor="#333333" /> <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#FFCC66" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="Navy" /> </asp:GridView> <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource2" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:con %>" SelectCommand="SELECT * FROM [Employee]"></asp:SqlDataSource> </p> </asp:Content>
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A project Report On Production planning based on Sales Forecasting Employee.aspx.cs
using using using using using using using using
System; System.Collections.Generic; System.Linq; System.Web; System.Web.UI; System.Web.UI.WebControls; System.Data.SqlClient; System.Configuration;
public partial class Admin_Employee : System.Web.UI.Page { SqlConnection scon = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["con"].ToString()); protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { GridView1.Visible = false; } protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { scon.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insert into Employee values(" + txtEmpId.Text + ",'" + txtName.Text + "','" + txtDOB.Text + "','" + txtDOJ.Text + "','" + txtDesig.Text + "'," + DeptId.Text + ")", scon); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); scon.Close(); Label1.Text = "Employee Registered successfully"; txtEmpId.Text = ""; txtName.Text = ""; txtDOJ.Text = ""; txtDOB.Text = ""; txtDesig.Text = ""; txtEmpId.Focus(); } protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { GridView1.DataBind(); GridView1.Visible = true; } }
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CHAPTER-8 CONCLUSION
The entire project has been developed and deployed as per the requirement started by the user, It is found to be bug free as per the the testing standards that are implemented any specification untraced errors will be concatenated in the coming versions which are planned to be developed in near future.
Future Enhancement
The system at present does not take care of the money payment methods, as the consolidated constructs need SSL standards and are critically to be initiated in the first face, the application of the credit card transactions is applied as a developmental phase in coming days. The system needs more elaborative technicality for its inception and evaluation
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CHAPTER-9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOFTEWARE ENGINEERING -by R.Pressman
Professional C#.Net 2.0 -by Wrox publication
Microsoft visual studio 2005 Black Book -by WILEY Edition
C# Core -by E. Balguruswamy
Beginning SQL Server 2005 Administration -by Wrox publications
MSDN 2005 ENU -by Microsoft corporation
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Dept of Computer Science

AMES Degree Science College Raichur