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4/16/13

A Timeline of World Empires and Events

A TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY


By Tim Lambert Part One: The Ancient World
C. 35,000 BC The Cro-Magnon people enter Europe C. 9,000-8,000 BC Farming begins in the Middle East C. 8,000 BC Jericho, the first walled town, is built C. 6,500 BC Catal Huyuk, a town in what is now Turkey flourishes Farming begins in Northwest India C. 6,000 BC Farming spreads to Greece and later across Europe Rice is cultivated in Thailand C. 5,000 BC Farming begins in Egypt C. 4,000 BC Farming spreads to Northern Europe The plough is invented in the Middle East Bronze is used in the Middle East C. 3,500 BC
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

The sail is invented in Egypt The potters wheel is invented in Iraq C. 3,300 BC Writing develops in Sumer and Egypt C. 3,000 BC Bronze is used in Thailand C. 2,500 BC Farming begins in Peru The Minoan Civilisation arises on Crete C. 2,250-1,250 BC Stonehenge is built

Stonehenge C. 2,000 BC Bronze is used in Northern Europe and in China


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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

The Hittite Civilisation arises in what is now Turkey C. 1.790 BC - 1,750 BC Hammurabi is king of Babylon C. 1,700 BC The Indus Valley Civilisation arises C. 1,600 BC The Mycenaean Civilisation in Greece arises C. 1,200 BC The Hittite Empire in Turkey collapses The Olmec Civilisation in Mexico arises C. 1,500 BC The Mycenaean Civilisation in Greece breaks down C. 1,000 BC King David rules Israel C. 900 BC The Phoenicians flourish is what is now Lebanon and go on long voyages The Chavin civilisation arises in Peru C. 880 BC The Assyrians of Northern Iraq begin to create a great empire 814 BC The Phoenicians found Carthage in Tunisia C. 800 BC A new civilisation arises in Greece The Etruscan civilisation arises in Italy 776 BC The first Olympic Games are held in Greece C. 750 BC Rome is founded C. 650 BC The Celts introduce iron tools and weapons into Britain The Chinese begin using iron
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

The Assyrian Empire is at its peak 620s BC The Assyrian Empire is split by civil war 612 BC A rebellion led by Babylon brings the Assyrian Empire to an end. The Babylonians then create their own empire. C. 600 BC Hindu Civilisation arises in India C. 563 BC-483 BC Buddha lives 551-479 BC Kong-Fuzi or Confucius lives in China 559-529 BC Cyrus the Great founder of the Persian Empire reigns 550 BC Cyrus conquers Assyria 546 BC Cyrus conquers Lydia in Asia Minor 539 BC Babylon is captured by the Persians 525 BC The Persians conquer Egypt 490 BC The Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Marathon 480 BC The Greeks defeat another Persian invasion 399 BC The Greek philosopher Socrates is condemned to death 391 BC The Romans defeat the Etruscans C. 427-347 BC The Greek philosopher Plato lives 384-322 BC The Greek philosopher Aristotle lives 338 BC Philip of Macedon conquers Greece 334 BC Alexander the Great invades the Persian Empire 333 BC Alexander wins the Battle of Issus 332 BC Alexander conquers Egypt 330 BC Alexander controls all of the former Persian Empire
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4/16/13

A Timeline of World Empires and Events

323 BC Alexander dies and his general split his empire between them C. 300 BC The Dong Son civilisation arises in South East Asia. It is known for its stone monuments and bronze work although the people also used iron. 273-236 BC The great Indian Emperor Asoka lives 264-241 BC The First Punic War between Rome and Carthage. Rome wins and gains Sicily. 218-201 The Second Punic War BC. The great Carthaginian general Hannibal leads an expedition through Spain over the Alps against Rome. 217 BC Hannibal crushes the Romans at Lake Trasimene 216 BC Hannibal crushes the Romans at Cannae 214 BC Work begins on the Great Wall of China 206 BC The Romans defeat the Carthaginians in Spain. They take control of southern Spain. 202 BC The Han dynasty is founded in China 200 BC The Chavin civilisation in Peru collapses 171 BC - 138 BC Mithradates is king of Parthia. He conquers an empire in Persia. 149-146 BC The Third Punic War. Rome destroys Carthage. 135 BC Roman slaves in Sicily rebel but are defeated 89 BC All Italians are given Roman citizenship 63 BC Roman general Pompey captures Jerusalem 58-51 BC Julius Caesar conquers Gaul 49 BC Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon 44 BC Julius Caesar is assassinated
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

31 BC Octavian's fleet defeats the fleet of his rivals Mark Anthony and Cleopatra 30 BC Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire C. 4 BC Jesus is born C. 29 AD Jesus is crucified 43 AD The Romans invade Britain C 45 AD Paul begins his missionary journeys 64 AD Most of Rome is destroyed by fire. Nero uses Christians as a scapegoat. 98-117 AD Trajan is Emperor of Rome. The Roman Empire reaches its peak. 220 AD The Han dynasty in China ends 224 AD In Persia a member of the Sassanid family kills the last Parthian king and founds the Sassanid Empire 284-305 AD Diocletian is emperor of Rome. In 286 he divides the empire into two halves, East and West. 313 AD Emperor Constantine tolerates Christianity

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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

Portchester Castle, a Roman fort C. 400 AD Writing is introduced into Japan 407 AD Germanic tribes overrun Gaul 410 AD Led by Alaric the Goths capture Rome 434-453 AD Attila is king of the Huns 451 Attila the Hun is defeated at Chalons in France 455 AD The Vandals capture Rome 476 AD The Western Roman Empire ends completely To read more about the Ancient World click here

Part Two: The Middle Ages


481-511 Clovis is king of the Franks. He marries a Christian and in 1496 becomes a Christian himself. 527-565 AD Justinian rules the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire) C. 570 Mohammed is born 597 Augustine arrives in England to help convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity C. 600 The Maya of Mexico are at their peak 618-907 The Tang Dynasty rules China 632 Mohammed dies 642 The Arabs conquer Egypt and Persia 698 The Arabs conquer Carthage in Tunisia C. 700 Arab merchants begin to trade with Saharan cities 711 The Moors invade Spain 732 The Franks defeat the Moors at the Battle of Tours
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

793 The Vikings raid Lindisfarne monastery. It is the first of many Viking raids. 800 Charlemagne is crowned Emperor. He rules a great Empire including France, Germany and North Italy. 814 Charlemagne dies. After his death his empire splits up. 843 Scotland is united 865-870 The Danes conquer Northern and Eastern England 871 Alfred the Great become king of Wessex (Southern England) 874 The Vikings settle Iceland 878 Alfred the Great defeats the Danes 911 A Viking chief named Rollo is granted land in Normandy by the French king C. 950 The Maoris arrive in New Zealand 955 The Germans defeat the Magyars (ancestors of today's Hungarians) at the Battle of Lechfeld 976 The Great Byzantine emperor Basil II rules. He strengthens the Byzantine Empire. 985 The Vikings settle Greenland 1014 Brian Boru, High King of Ireland defeats the Vikings at Clontarf 1044 A Burmese state is founded 1054 The Eastern (Orthodox) Church formally splits from the Western (Catholic) Church 1055 The Seljuk Turks, a people from Central Asia take Baghdad 1066 The Normans conquer England 1071 The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert 1076 The Seljuk Turks take Damascus and Jerusalem 1086 The Domesday Book, a survey of who owns the land in England, is written
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1096-1099 The First Crusade 1099 The Crusaders capture Jerusalem 1123 Omar Khayyam the Persian poet dies 1147-49 The Second Crusade 1171 Oxford University is founded when the English king orders all English students to return from France 1171 The English King Henry II makes himself Lord of Ireland

Bargate in Southampton built c 1180 1182-1226 Francis of Assisi lives 1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem 1189-1192 The Third Crusade 1206 Genghis Khan unites the Mongols and begins to build a huge empire 1211 The Mongols invade Northern China 1215 King John seals Magna Carta 1215-1274 Thomas Aquinas the Italian theologian lives
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1221The Mongols attack Delhi 1227 Genghis Khan dies 1236 The Mongols invade Russia 1241 The Mongols invade Poland and Hungary but they retreat after the death of Ogedei, Genghis Khan's son 1250 The Mamelukes take power in Egypt 1258 The Mongols capture Baghdad 1260 The Mamelukes of Egypt defeat the Mongols 1279 The Mongols capture Southern China 1281 A Mongol invasion of Japan fails 1283 The English complete the conquest of Wales 1290 Jews are expelled from England

A Merchant's House in Southampton 1300 Statues are erected on Easter Island


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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1306 Jews are expelled from France 1314 The Battle of Bannockburn is fought. The Scots crush the English. 1324 Mansa Musa the great king of Mali goes on a pilgrimage to Mecca and impresses everyone with his wealth C. 1325 The Aztecs found their capital at Tenochtitlan 1337 The Hundred Years War begins between England and France 1340 The English win a naval battle at Sluys The first recorded use of a gun in battle C. 1340-1400 Geoffrey Chaucer lives 1347-1353 Europe is ravaged by the Black Death 1353 Ibn Battuta a Moroccan traveller reaches Timbuktu. He writes an account of his travels in West Africa. 1368 The Ming dynasty begins in China 1373 Treaty of friendship between England and Portugal 1381 In England the Peasants Revolt takes place 1369-1404 Tamerlane king of Samarkand builds up a great empire in Asia. He conquers Herat in 1381 and destroys Delhi in 1398. In 1401 he takes Baghdad and in 1402 he defeats the Ottoman empire in Turkey. 1415 The English win another great victory at Agincourt The Czech religious reformer Jan Hus is martyred 1429 The French win a victory at Orleans 1439 The Russian and Greek Orthodox Churches are formally separated
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1445 The printing press is invented 1453 The Hundred Years War ends with English defeat. The English lose all of their territory in France except Calais. The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople and bring the Byzantine Empire to an end 1476 Caxton introduces the printing press into England 1480 The Spanish Inquisition is formed 1485 Henry VII begins the Tudor dynasty in England 1488 Portuguese sailors reach the Cape of Good Hope 1492 Christopher Columbus sails across the Atlantic Ferdinand and Isabella conquer Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain

Part Three: The Modern World


1498 Portuguese sailors reach India 1514 Portuguese sailors reach Canton in China C. 1500 Guru Nanak (1469-1539) founds the Sikh religion 1516 The Portuguese reach Vietnam by sea 1517 Martin Luther begins the Reformation. The Ottoman Turks conquer Egypt. 1521 Cortes conquers the Aztecs in Mexico Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines 1522 The Ottoman Turks capture Belgrade
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1526 In India Babar founds the Mogul Empire 1530 The Portuguese settle in Brazil 1533 Pizarro conquers the Incas 1534 King Henry VIII becomes head of the Church of England 1536 The Bible translator William Tyndale is martyred 1541 John Knox begins the Reformation in Scotland The Turks conquer Hungary 1543 Copernicus publishes his theory that the Earth orbits the Sun Portuguese sailors reach Japan

Southsea Castle built 1544 1545 The English ship The MaryRose sinks near Portsmouth 1547-1584 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1564 Christopher Marlowe is born. William Shakespeare is born. Galileo is born. 1556-1605 Akbar the Great rules over the Mogul Empire 1565 The Turks fail to capture Malta 1568 The Dutch rebel against Spanish rule 1571 The Turkish fleet is badly defeated by Spanish and Venetian ships 1572 The St Bartholomew's Day massacre takes place. Thousands of French Protestants are murdered. 1580 Spain annexes Portugal 1587 Mary Queen of Scots is executed Akbar takes Kashmir 1588 The Spanish Armada is defeated 1592 In India Akbar the Great conquers Sind An Englishman named John Davis discovers the Falkland Islands 1603 Queen Elizabeth I of England dies, ending the Tudor dynasty. The Scottish king inherits the English throne. He is now King James VI of Scotland and King James I of England. 1605 In England a group of Catholics attempt to blow up parliament in the Gunpowder Plot 1607 The English found Jamestown, Virginia the first permanent English colony in North America 1608 John Milton is born. The French found Quebec. 1610 Henry Hudson discovers Hudson Bay.
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

Galileo writes his book The Sidereal Messenger in which he describes his observations of the heavens with a telescope. 1611 The King James Bible is published 1614 John Napier invents logarithms 1618-1648 The Thirty Years War is fought in Germany 1611-1632 Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden and a brilliant general reigns 1620 English Puritans sail to New England in The Mayflower 1622 England sends its first ambassador to Turkey 1626 The Dutch found New Amsterdam, which later becomes New York 1627-1658 Shah Jahn, Mogul Emperor expands his empire 1628 William Harvey publishes his book about the circulation of the blood

17th century houses in Portsmouth 1636 Harvard College is founded 1639 Japan isolates itself from the outside world
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1640 Portugal rebels against Spanish rule 1642-1646 In England Civil War between King and Parliament 1642 Abel Tasman discovers Tasmania 1644 In China the Ming dynasty is overthrown. The Manchu dynasty takes over. 1648 Spain recognises Dutch independence 1649 Charles I is executed 1652 The Dutch found a colony in South Africa 1653 Oliver Cromwell makes himself Lord Protector of England. He rules until his death in 1658. 1655 England takes Jamaica from Spain 1661 Robert Boyle publishes his book the Sceptical Chemist 1664 The English capture New Amsterdam, which is renamed New York 1666 The Great Fire of London devastates the English capital 1683 The Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna but fail to capture the city 1687 The Austrians defeat the Turks at the Battle of Mohacs. The Turkish Ottoman Empire begins a long, slow decline. Isaac Newton publishes a book describing his theory of gravity and his laws of motion 1688 The Glorious Revolution in England. King James II flees abroad and parliament invites a Dutchman, William of Orange to take his place. 1689 Peter the Great becomes Tsar of Russia C 1690 In India the Mogul Empire is at its height 1692 In New England the Salem Witch Trials take place
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1699 William Dampier sails along the Northwest coast of Australia 1707 England and Scotland are united The Mogul Empire in India begins to break down 1700-1721 The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia is fought 1701-1714 The War of the Spanish Succession is fought 1704 The British capture Gibraltar from Spain Forces led by the Duke of Marlborough defeat the French at the Battle of Blenheim 1709 The Russians defeat the Swedes at the Battle of Poltava Abraham Darby begins using coke to smelt iron 1718 The French found New Orleans 1722 Jacob Roggeveen discovers Samoa and Easter Island 1721-1742 Robert Walpole is the first British prime minister 1728 Vitus Bering explores the Bering Straits 1733 Georgia, the last of the original 13 colonies is founded 1739 John Wesley founds the Methodist Movement in England 1740-1786 Frederick the Great rules Prussia 1740-1748 The War of the Austrian Succession 1752 Benjamin Franklin shows that lightning is a form of electricity 1755 Lisbon is devastated by an earthquake 1756-1763 The Seven Years War is fought
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1757 The British defeat the French at Plassey in India ensuring that India will become a British colony 1759 The British defeat the French at Quebec ensuring Canada becomes British 1762-1796 Catherine the Great rules Russia 1769 Captain Cook sails to New Zealand James Watt patents an efficient steam engine Franciscan friars found a mission at Los Angeles 1770 The Boston massacre 1772 The first Partition of Poland takes place. Russia, Prussia and Austria help themselves to Polish territory. 1773 The Boston Tea Party 1775-1783 The American War of Independence 1780 The Industrial Revolution begins to transform life in Britain 1781 William Herschel discovers Uranus 1788 The first settlers arrive in Australia from Britain

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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

A Monument to the first fleet to Australia 1789 The French Revolution begins George Washington becomes the first president of the USA 1793 King Louis XVI is executed. War begins between Britain and France Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin The second Partition of Poland 1795 The third and final Partition of Poland 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France 1804 Hobart the capital of Tasmania is founded. Haiti becomes independent. 1805 The French defeat the Austrians at Austerlitz but are defeated by the British at Trafalgar

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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

HMS Victory a ship that fought at Trafalgar 1806 The British take the Dutch colony of South Africa The French crush the Prussians at the Battle of Jena 1807 Britain abolishes the slave trade 1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia ends in disaster 1812-1870 Charles Dickens lives 1813 Napoleon is defeated at Leipzig 1814 Napoleon abdicates 1815 Napoleon escapes from exile and becomes emperor of France again but he is defeated at Waterloo 1816 Argentina becomes independent 1818 Chile becomes independent 1818 Shaka founds the Zulu Empire in southern Africa 1820 The Spanish Inquisition is abolished 1821 Mexico, Peru and Guatemala become independent 1825 Bolivia becomes independent 1828 Shaka the Zulu emperor is murdered 1829 The Swan River Colony in Western Australia is founded. It develops into the city of Perth. Following 7 years of fighting Greece becomes independent of Turkey C. 1830 The Industrial Revolution spreads to France, Germany and the USA 1834 The British settle Port Phillip Bay. It grows into the city of Melbourne.
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1839-1842 The Opium War between Britain and China is fought. China leases Hong Kong to Britain. 1840 Britain annexes New Zealand 1845-1851 Potato famine in Ireland 1846-1848 War between Mexico and the USA. Mexico is forced to surrender much of her territory. 1848 Revolutions break out across Europe 1852-1870 Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte is dictator of France 1853 The USA forces Japan to allow foreign trade 1854-1856 The Crimean War is fought. Britain, France and Turkey versus Russia. 1855 David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls 1857-1858 The Indian Mutiny

HMS Warrior launched 1860 1861 Italy is united


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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

Russian serfs are made free 1861-1865 The American Civil War is fought 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 1867 Canada becomes a dominion 1868 In Japan a period of rapid economic growth and change begins 1870-1871 The Franco-Prussian War is fought. Napoleon III falls from power and France surrenders. Germany becomes a united country. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone 1879 Edison invents an electric light bulb The War of the Pacific is fought. Chile fights Bolivia and Peru. 1885 The car is invented 1890 The massacre of Wounded Knee ends the Indian Wars in the USA The industrial revolution spreads to Sweden and Russia 1893 Women in New Zealand are given the vote 1894 In France Alfred Dreyfus is convicted of treason 1898 War between the USA and Spain. The USA takes the Philippines. 1899-1902 The Boer War in South Africa 1900 The Boxer Rebellion in China 1901 The Australian colonies are united to form the Commonwealth of Australia 1903 The first aeroplane flies
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

Panama becomes independent 1904-1905 War between Russia and Japan 1905 Revolution in Russia Norway becomes independent from Sweden 1906 An earthquake strikes San Francisco 1907 New Zealand becomes a dominion 1908 Bulgaria becomes independent of Turkey 1910 Revolution takes place in Portugal 1911 Revolution takes place in China Amundsen reaches the South Pole 1912 The Titanic sinks 1914 The First World War begins The Panama Canal opens 1916 Tanks are used for the first time In Ireland the Easter Rising takes place Rasputin is murdered 1917 The USA joins the war Communists seize power in Russia
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1918 Germany surrenders 1919 Germany is forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which causes much resentment in that country 1921 Southern Ireland becomes independent 1922 Mussolini seizes power in Italy 1927 Canberra becomes the federal capital of Australia 1928 Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin Stalin gains complete power in Russia. He introduces the first Five Year Plan 1929 The Wall Street Crash in the USA begins a world-wide depression 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes ruler of Germany Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes president of the USA 1936 The German army occupies the Rhineland (breaking the Treaty of Versailles) 1936-1939 The Spanish Civil War is fought. Franco becomes dictator of Spain. 1938 The Germans take Austria 1939 Germany invades Poland so Britain and France declare war on Germany Russia attacks Finland 1940 The Katyn Massacre takes place Germany conquers Norway, Holland, Belgium and France Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of Britain
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1941 Germany conquers Yugoslavia and Greece and invades Russia Japan attacks the USA at Pearl Harbor 1942 The USA defeats Japan at Midway Island The British defeat the Germans at El Alamein 1943 The Russians defeat the Germans at Stalingrad and Kursk German forces in North Africa surrender and allied forces invade Italy 1944 Allied forces invade France 1945 Germany and Japan surrender 1947 India becomes independent 1947-1948 Communists gain power in Eastern Europe 1948 Israel is created Burma becomes independent The transistor is invented A civil war is fought in Costa Rica 1949 Communists gain power in China Indonesia becomes independent 1950 China invades Tibet 1951 Libya becomes independent
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

1953 Stalin dies 1956 Morocco becomes independent 1957 The EEC (forerunner of the EU) is created 1958 Charles de Gaulle becomes president of France 1960 Echo, the first communications satellite is launched Senegal becomes independent 1961-1973 The USA becomes involved in the Vietnam War 1961 Tanzania becomes independent Communists build the Berlin Wall 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis takes place Uganda becomes independent Jamaica becomes independent 1963 President John Kennedy is assassinated 1964 Malawi and Zambia become independent In the USA The Civil Rights Act is passed in the USA 1965 Gambia becomes independent 1966 Botswana becomes independent 1967 War between the Arab states and Israel
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

The first heart transplant is performed 1969 Charles de Gaulle resigns as president of France Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to set foot on the Moon 1971 Women in Switzerland are allowed to vote 1972 Ceylon changes its name to Sri Lanka 1973 Britain, Denmark and Ireland join the EU Sydney Opera House is opened. 1974 President Richard Nixon resigns after the Watergate Scandal 1975 General Franco, dictator of Spain dies. Spain becomes a monarchy again. Communists capture South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Mozambique becomes independent. 1977 King Juan Carlos restores democracy in Spain 1979 The Shah of Iran is overthrown 1980 Solidarity, an independent trade union is formed in Poland 1981 The space shuttle is launched Belize becomes independent 1983 Democracy is restored in Argentina 1985 Democracy is restored in Brazil 1986 President Marcos is removed from power in the Philippine. Corazon Aquino
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

takes over. 1989 The Chinese army crushes a mass demonstration in Tiananmen Square, Beijing Communism collapses in East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Romania 1990 Germany is reunited Lech Walesa become President of Poland 1991 Communism collapses in the Soviet Union. It then breaks up into separate states The Gulf War is fought in Iraq Elections are held in Albania 1992 The EU nations recognise Croatia and Slovenia as independent nations Rioting takes place in Los Angeles when white policemen are acquitted of assaulting a black driver, Rodney King 1993 Czechoslovakia splits into the Czech Republic and Slovakia 1994 Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa 1995 Sweden, Finland and Austria join the EU 1997 Hong Kong is returned to China 2001 A terrorist attack on New York takes place Greece unwisely joins the Euro 2004 Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia,
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A Timeline of World Empires and Events

Slovenia and Cyprus all join the EU 2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU 2008 A cyclone strikes Burma. An earthquake strikes China. 2010 Haiti is devastated by an earthquake 2011 Dictators flee from Tunisia and Egypt. A revolution also takes place in Libya. The dictator is killed. A timeline of World Empires A timeline of England A timeline of the USA A timeline of Australia A timeline of Canada Home
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