CHEMICAL REACTION ORDERS

I.

Objective Students have skill to determine system reaction order H+ and S2O3-.

II.

Principle (Theory) Reaction order is the number of atom or molecule that its concentration determine reaction rate. Reaction order relate with stoichiometry in phase that determine reaction. But, rarely this phase that determine reaction is described by reaction equation in whole. For first order reaction, reaction rate has straight proportion with substance concentration that is being react and is asserted in mathematic formula as follow:

In this case, c = substance concentration that is being react, k = reaction rate constant, and reaction rate.

In second order reaction, reaction rate depends on square concentration. In mathematic formula as follow:

So, for n order reaction is asserted as:

In other word, reaction rate has straight proportion with reverse time or proportion with concentration square n. So, Reaction rate (times)-1 concentration For first reaction order, graph reverse time toward concentration produce straight line. While, for second order reaction graph reverse time toward square concentration produce parabole line.

III.

Equipments and Materials Beaker glass 50 mL 2 pieces Graduated cylinder glass 100 mL Graduated cylinder glass 10 mL Stopwatch HCl solution 3 M Na2S2O3 solution 0,15 M Water

IV.

Procedure 1. Make mixtures from volumes reactan substances like as table I. Formerly, mix always sodium tiosulphate solution and water before add chloride acid. The The number Concentration The number number of of H2O of Na2S2O3 of HCl Na2S2O3 (mL) (mL) (mL) (mL) 25 0,15 4 20 5 0,12 4 15 10 0,09 4 10 15 0,06 4 5 20 0,03 4 2. Shake and stir the beaker glass until the mixture is stirred quitely. 3. Make a note of the time begin from acid is added until muddy arise because precipitate of sulphur. Doing this practice must be carefully. Will be better if this practice is done twice in minimal scale. Make a note about the result. 4. Repeat again this practice according to table 2, where volume of sodium tiosulphate solution is made constant and volume of chloride acid is varied. The number of Na2S2O3 (mL) 25 25 25 The number of H2O (mL) 2 4 Concentration of HCl (mL) 3 1,8 0,6 The number of HCl (mL) 5 3 1

5. Make a note toward time and reverse time of sodium tiosulphate solution. 6. Determine order reaction toward sodium tiosulphate solution. V. Observing Result

Determine concentration of Na2S2O3 a. There no adding of water so that not there dilution reaction. b. 20 mL Na2S2O3 + 5 mL water V1 x M1 = V2 x M2 20 x 0.15 = 25 x M2 3 M2 = 25 M2 = 0,12 Molar

c. 15 mLNa2S2O3 + 10 mL water V1 x M1 = V2 x M2 15 x 0.15 = 25 x M2 2,25 M2 = 25 M2 = 0,09 Molar

d. 10 mL Na2S2O3 + 15 mL water V1 x M1 = V2 x M2 10 x 0.15 = 25 x M2 1,5 M2 s= 25 M2 = 0,06 Molar

e. 5 mLNa2S2O3 + 20 mL water V1 x M1 = V2 x M2 5 x 0.15 = 25 x M2 0,75 M2 = 25 M2 = 0,03 Molar

Table 1 ( reaction between sodium tiosulfate and chloride acid) Table 1 The number of Na2S2O3 (mL) 25 20 15 10 5 Table 2 The number of Na2S2O3 (mL) 25 25 25 The number of H2O (mL) 5 10 15 20 Concentration of Na2S2O3 (M) 0,15 0,12 0,09 0,06 0,03 The number of HCl (mL) 4 4 4 4 4 Reaction Time (s) 7 9 14 27 46

1/t (s-1) 0,14 0,11 0,07 0,05 0,02

The number of H2O (mL) 2 4

Concentration of HCl (M) 3 1,8 0,6

The number of HCl (mL) 5 3 1

Reaction Time (s) 19 26 33

VI.

Discussion

1. How are the reaction order toward to : a. Tiosulphate b. Chloride acid 2. What can be stated to explain reaction order the getting? 3. a. How is the reaction order toward to sodium tiosulphate if ion concentrate is big ? b. Can chemical reaction have a stage in overall?

Answer

Na2S2O3(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + SO2(aq) + S(s) + H2O(l) 1. Reaction orders to :

a. Tiosulfate

Vx k[ Na 2 SO2 O3 ] M [ HCl ]n = Vy k[ Na 2 SO2 O3 ] M [ HCl ]n

( )

( ( )

) ( )

So, the reaction orders of sodium tiosulfate is one. b. HCl

k[ Na 2 SO2 O3 ] M [ HCl ]n Vx = Vy k[ Na 2 SO2 O3 ] M [ HCl ]n

( )

( 1,36 ( )

) (

Log 1,36 = n log 1,67

n = log 1,36/log 1,67 n = 0,6 Total reaction orders is : m + n = 1 + 0,6 = 1,6 2. To determine the reaction order of the reaction of a solution is influenced by change of concentration and time. We have to compare the reaction rate with one another reaction rate equal compare of concentration tiosulphate (1 and 2) and compare of concentration HCl (1 and 2).

k[ Na 2 SO2 O3 ] M [ HCl ]n Vx = Vy k[ Na 2 SO2 O3 ] M [ HCl ]n

To get reaction orders of tiosulphate we have to use concentration of HCl that constant. And to get reaction orders of HCl we have to use concentration of HCl that constant.

3. a.

If the concentration of tiosulfat is very big, reaction orders is constant because time will adjust with change of concentration.

b.

Maybe it is depended with concentration and time of the reaction.

VII.

Comment If we doing an experiment about reaction, we must be doing be carefully. We also observe in every changed was done. When we measure time appear muddy, we have to be carefully, because it is influence to determine reaction orders.

VIII.

Conclusion

To determine reaction orders is influenced by change of concentration and time. And to find reaction orders we have to using initial rates from several experiments.