Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Fluids Hydrostatics Basic new variables are density and pressure Learn a few densities to get a fell for relative heaviness of stuff. Know in MKS and cgs. What is specific gravity? Pressure: Units originally defined by an instrument: u-tube manometer

What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?

What is the pressure at the bottom of a lake? Discuss the bends

How does this influence blood pressure?

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Is the pressure the same in all directions? Related question: What causes bouancy?

Life of Archimedes

Archimedes principle doesnt tell you why there is a buoyant force; it tells you how to figure out how big that force is.

Problem 1: Evaluate whether an object will rise or fall in water

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Discuss swim bladders and submarines

Problem 2: How much of a floating object is submerged?

Problem 3: Apparent weight and the Kings crown

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Problem 4: calculating densities

Pascals principle: key points--fluid is incompressible, fluid is confined. Application: Hydraulic lift. Problem: lifting a car

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Surface Tension Qualitative description--originates in intermolecular forces

Breaking down surface tension: From surfactants to soap scum

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Hydrodynamics Continuity Equation Why does a liquid speed up when it is forced through a small pipe?

Why does velocity decrease in capillaries?

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Bernoulli Principle Where the velocity is high, the pressure is low Application: Bunsen Burner and gas range

Chimney

two pieces of paper--blow between them

Airplane flight and shape of wing. Be sure to distinguish between momentum transfer (at low speeds) and dynamic lift (high speeds). Note there is controversy about the application of Bernoullis effect to these situations.

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

Viscosity: How does it vary with temperature. Viscous flow mean flow of a fluid that possesses viscosity. Since almost all fluids possess viscosity, viscous flow describes how things actually behave. I might be better characterized as the study of flow in which the effects of viscosity are taken into account.

Poiseilles Equation: This is the equation that is used for viscous flow because it contains the coefficient of viscosity. Note the profound effect of variation of r. Note that viscosity coefficient is in the denominator. Note how the equation can be used to model blood flow.

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2010

The Reynolds number informs us of when laminar flow turns turbulent. This strongly depends on the linear flow rate. Turbulence causes Korotkov sounds in measuring BP

Blood Pressure: We use 3 effects from the physics of fluids in measuring blood pressure: Pascals principle, the continuity equation and Poiseilles equation. Further, the expression for hydrostatic pressure as a function of depth informs us why we have to standardize on measuring BP at the level of the heart.

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