REPUBLIKA SRBIJA VISOKA KOLA PRIMENJENIH STRUKOVNIH STUDIJA, VRANJE

SEMINARSKI RAD IZ ENGLESKOG JEZIKA

Tema rada: Transport Tehnological Systems

Predmetni nastavnik: prof. dr Maja Stanojevi

Student: Nevena Tasi 7/SI

Vranje, 2012.

Contents
Contents..................................................................................................................... 2 Transport.................................................................................................................... 3 Technological Systems............................................................................................... 3 Reference................................................................................................................... 5

Transport Tehnological Systems Nevena Tasi 7/SI

Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl.

Technological Systems
Abstract The purpose of this explanatory paper is to explain understandings of componentry and processes as they relate to a technological system, clarify why and how components are selected and connected and how they allow technological systems to work the way they do. It presents the
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Prof. dr Maja Stanojevi

Transport Tehnological Systems Nevena Tasi 7/SI strand descriptor, the key ideas underpinning it, and illustrative examples of these from technology. This paper also suggests possible learning experiences. Component descriptor Technological systems are a set of interconnected components that serve to transform, store, transport, or control materials, energy, and/or information. These systems exist in the world as the result of human design and function without further human design input. Understanding how these parts work together is as important as understanding the nature of each individual part. Technological system knowledge includes an understanding of input, output, transformation processes, and control, and an understanding the notion of the 'black box', particularly in terms of sub-system design. Understanding redundancy and reliability within system design and performance, and an understanding of the operational parameters of systems are also included. Specialised languages provide important representation and communication tools and are therefore included to support developing ideas of system design, development, maintenance, and troubleshooting. According to Thomas Hughes (who wrote what is pretty much the definitive work on the topic "Networks of Power) a technological system consists of the various physical parts (using his example of electricity, power plants, power lines, the end use technology, control systems, means to provide fuel for power plants,etc.). In addition, a technological system also includes the network of political, social, and economic relationships and forces that control and shape the technology. The latter are, in his view, at least as important as the "nuts and bolts." He describes all the interacting physical technology and societal factors as a "seamless web" that both shapes and is shaped by the base technology. Another, perhaps clearer example of what Hughes means is found in examining our transportation systems in the US compared to Europe. The basic technologies used aren't that much different. But in Europe an urban transportation system is a mix that includes large mass transit components, alternative systems (e.g. bike paths) as well as roads and automobiles. Due to differing economic and political factors, the shape of that technology in the US is entirely different.
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Prof. dr Maja Stanojevi

Transport Tehnological Systems Nevena Tasi 7/SI

Reference www.en.wikipedia.org

Prof. dr Maja Stanojevi