TEACHING OF SCIENCE AT UPPER PRIMARY LEVEL

BLOCK -1 SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS UNIT 1 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction Objectives Acids 1.3.1 Properties of Acids 1.3.2 Basicity of Acids 1.3.3 Uses of Acids Bases 1.4.1 Properties of bases 1.4.2 Acidity of Bases 1.4.3 Uses of Bases Indicators Salts Neutralization Neutralization in daily life Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References UNIT 2 METALS AND NON-METALS 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Objectives 2.3 Metals 2.3.1 Physical Properties 2.3.2 Occurrence and Use of Metals 2.3.3 Reactivity Series 2.4 Non Metals 2.4.1 Physical Properties 2.4.2 Occurrence and Use of Non Metals 2.5 Corrosion of Metals 2.5.1 Methods of Preventing Corrosion 2.6 Let Us Sum Up 2.7 Answers to Check Your Progress 2.8 Glossary 2.9 References 1

1.4

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12

UNIT 3 ENERGY (HEAT AND LIGHT) 3.1 3.2 3.3 Introduction Objectives Concept of Hot and Cold 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Hotness and coldness Transfer of Heat Properties of bases Interaction of light with matter Formation of Images

Light : An Introduction

Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References

UNIT 4 PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Introduction Objectives Cell Structure Comparison of Plant Cell and Animal Cell Size of Cell Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary

UNIT 5 ENVIRONMENT 5.1 5.2 5.3 Introduction Objectives Concepts of Environmental Pollution 5.3.1 Properties of Acids 5.3.2 Water pollution 5.3.3 Land Pollution Acid Rain 5.4.1 Causes of Acid Rain 5.4.2 Effect of Acid Rain 5.4.3 Preventive Measures Ozone Layer Depletion 5.5.1 Cases of Ozone Layer Depletion 5.5.2 Effects of Ozone Depletion Green-House Effect 5.6.1 Green-House Gases Global Warming 5.7.1 Effects of Global Warming 5.7.2 Control of Green House Gases and Global Warming Efforts Made to Conserve and Improve Environment 5.8.1 International Level 5.8.2 National Level 5.8.3 Individual and Community Level Natural Calamities 5.9.1 Floods 5.9.2 Cyclones 5.9.3 Droughts 5.9.4 Earthquakes Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References

5.4

5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8

5.9

5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13

BLOCK -2 SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES

UNIT 1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction Objectives Chemical Reactions 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Solubility Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary UNIT 2 MODIFIED ROOT, STEM AND LEAF 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Introduction Objectives The Root System 2.3.1 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Modified Roots The Stems Modified Stem The Shoot System Writing of Molecular Formulae Writing of Chemical Equations Balancing of Chemical Equations

Crystallization

Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References 4

UNIT 3 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Introduction Objectives Structure of Heat Circulation of Blood 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Double Circulation of Blood Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation

Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References

UNIT 4 BIODEGRADATION, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, VERMICOMPOSTING AND RAINWATER HARVESTING 4.1 4.2 4.3 Introduction Objectives Biodegradation 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Meaning of Biodegradation Need for biodegradation Advantages and disadvantages Biodegradable Materials Meaning of Solid Waste Management Techniques of Waste Management Meaning of Vermicomposting Importance of Vermicomposting Techniques of Vermicomposting Need of Rainwater harvesting Benefits of Rainwater harvesting Methods of Rainwater harvesting

Solid Waste Management

Vermicomposting

Rainwater harvesting

Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References

BLOCK -3 SKILL FOR PERFORMING SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS UNIT 1 EXPERIMENTS IN SCIENCE 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction Objectives Separation of substances 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Substances and Mixtures Method of Separation of Substances

Acids and their Identification Bases and their Identification Phenolphthalein as an Indicator 1.6.1 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 Characteristics of Neutralization Reaction Reaction with Air Reaction with Water Reaction with Acids Reaction with Bases Reaction with Salt Solution Properties of Metals and Non Metals

1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11

Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References

UNIT 2 RESPIRATION, FOOD ADULTERATION, TRANSPIRATION AND USE OF MICROCOPE 2.1 2.2 2.3 Introduction Objectives Need for Transport System 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 Respiration 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 Breathing Internal Respiration Respiration and Gaseous Exchange in Plants Respiration and Gaseous Exchange in Animals Transportation of Minerals in Plants Transportation of Food in Plants Simple Microscope Compound Microscope Dissecting Microscope

Uses of Microscope

Adulteration of Food materials Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary References

UNIT 3 PURIFICATION OF WATER, ARTIFICAL GREENHOUSE AND MODEL OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

Introduction Objectives Purification of Water Making Artificial Greenhouse Rain Water Harvesting Compost Pit Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress Glossary

UNIT 4 SCIENCE CORNER 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 Introduction Objectives Concept of Science Corner How to develop a Science Corner in School Activities in Science Corner Real Specimens Collection and Preservation of Specimens Posters Charts Album Experimental Cards Reference Books and Magazines Apparatus and Equipments Low Cost Teaching Aids Science Kit First Aid Box Let Us Sum Up Answers to Check Your Progress

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