MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JLN MARG, JAIPUR-302 017 (RAJASHAN) INDIA

Dearomatization Of Naphtha

Submitted to :Shiv Om Meena Submitted by Name :Shashwat Bhardwaj Branch : Civil Engineering I.D..2011uce1666

INTRODUCTION TO NAPHTHA
Naphtha : normally refers to a number of flammable liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons, i.e., a component of natural gas condensate or a distillation product from petroleum, coal tar or peat boiling in a certain range and containing certain hydrocarbons. It is a broad term covering among the lightest and most volatile fractions of the liquid hydrocarbons in petroleum. Naphtha is a colorless to reddish-brown volatile aromatic liquid, very similar to gasoline. In petroleum engineering, full range naphtha is defined as the fraction of hydrocarbons in petroleum boiling between 30 C and 200 C. It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon molecules generally having between 5 and 12 carbon atoms. It typically constitutes 1530% of crude oil, by weight. Light naphtha is the fraction boiling between 30 C and 90 C and consists of molecules with 56 carbon atoms. Heavy naphtha boils between 90 C and 200 C and consists of molecules with 612 carbons. Naphtha is used primarily as feedstock for producing high octane gasoline (via the catalytic reforming process). It is also used in the bitumen mining industry as a diluent, the petrochemical industry for producing olefins in steam crackers, and the chemical industry for solvent (cleaning) applications. Common products made with it include lighter fluid, fuel for camp stoves, and some cleaning solvents. Naphtha's molecular weight is 100215 g/mol. Its density is 750-785 kg/m3, and boiling point is 160220 C (320428 F). Vapor pressure is less than 666 Pa (5 torr; 5 mmHg). Naphtha is colorless (kerosene odor) or red-brown (aromatic odor) liquid and is insoluble in water. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers.

Naphtha Extraction

Naphtha Uses
For Gasoline Production As Camping Stove Fuels For Varnishes and Paints Petroleum Spirits As feedstock for producing high octane gasoline In the bitumen mining industry as a diluent, In the petrochemical industry for producing olefins in steam crackers In the chemical industry for solvent (cleaning) applications

Dearomatization
Removal of aromatic compounds from a mixture A powerful tool for organic synthesis Used especially as part of the oil refining process Aromatic components in naphtha are the most undesirable components as they have no ethylene potential.

Yet aromatics contribute heavily to furnace fouling .

IN THE DEAROMATIZATION UNIT the process of catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons to appropriate cycloalcanes is carried out on a nickel catalyst, in the hydrogen gas atmosphere and under increased pressure.

The post-process hydrogen gas, after being separated from the product, feeds the desulphurisation unit. As a result of dearomatization, the de-aromatized hexane fraction and the lowaromatic extraction naphtha III are produced alternately. Combining aromatic extraction from pyrolysis gasoline and feed naphtha offers an economy of scale which would make dearomatization of feed naphtha economically feasible.

 de-aromatized naphtha will need 8% lower feed rate than the design heavy naphtha and also produce 4% more ethylene

Consequently cracking de-aromatized heavy naphtha results in lower coke lay down, quench exchanger duty and firing per pound of ethylene compared to the design heavy naphtha.

Naphtha used as feedstock in petrochemical industry for the production of olefins should not contain more than 5% of aromatics due to refractory nature of aromatics.

While in the case of fertilizer industry, limitation of aromatics (<10%) in naphtha feedstock is due to higher carbon to hydrogen ratio, which in turn affects hydrogen yield.

Naphtha Dearomatization by Hydrotreating Process

Interactive Environment

Flow diagram

Steam Cracking
Disclosed is a process for upgrading a naphtha feed stream comprising light naphtha, heavy naphtha, or a combination thereof, for supplying to a cracking process. A naphtha feed stream can be supplied to a hydrotreater 142 to remove impurities, followed by dearomatization in an aromatics extraction unit 136. A dearomatized naphtha stream 104 can be supplied to a cracking process 112 and a recovery process 116 to produce various streams including ethylene 122 and propylene 124 for collection, ethane 110 and propane 108 for recycle to the cracking process 112, and a pyrolysis gas stream 128 which can be further treated to produce a C5 olefins stream 106, a C6-C8 stream 104, a C9+ stream 134, and a fuel oil stream 140.

Dearomatisation of Heavy Naptha

The effect of de-aromatization can be further evaluated in relation to the heavy naphtha furnaceperformance. It is very common to see that operating heavy naphtha is richer in aromatics than the design heavy naphtha. Richer the naphtha in aromatics lower the ethylene yield (1). Consequently furnaces become a bottleneck for ethylene production. To make up for the shortfall in ethylene production an additional furnace could be required. Addition of a heavy naphtha furnace is expensive and it eats into furnace plot space reserved for expansion. .If naphtha furnaces could be de-bottlenecked then addition of a new furnace would be avoided. Dearomatization of heavy naphtha can de-bottleneck existing furnaces thereby avoiding addition of extra furnace capacity.

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