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How do we receive electrical power at our home or office?

How do we receive electrical power at our home or office?

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brianpup
How do we receive electrical power at our home or office?

13th April 2013, 09:24 PM

i want to know how do we receive electrical power at our home or office?

Calbiatly
Re: How do we receive electrical power at our home or office?

14th April 2013, 09:56 AM

Electricity is one of the most convenient forms of energy available today for our day to day needs. Electrical power is used for domestic lighting, heating and motive power for driving various types of loads in industries etc. Now the question is from where do we receive this power & energy? As you know, electrical power & energy is produced (or converted from one form of energy to electrical energy) at power stations. These stations are located at various places in our country and most of them are far and remote from consumer loads. The sets of equipments installed, from sources up to the consumer loads, performing the processes of generation, transmission/transformation and distribution of electrical energy, is know as an electrical power system. This means that the generated energy has to be transferred from the sources up to the consumer loads passing a long way. The next question that comes to our mind is that, from which power station do we receive this energy?. This is rather a difficult question to answer, as all of the generating stations are interconnected to each other through transmission lines. A transmission system can be broken down into three sub systems. They are, Primary Transmission System (generating points to bulk power receiving points) Sub Transmission System (bulk power receiving points to area substations) Distribution System (area substations to distribution substations)

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We know the generated electrical energy is transmitted over long distances to reach the load centres. Generator voltages are in the range of 11 to 30 kV; higher generator voltages are difficult to achieve owing to insulation problems in the narrow confines of the generator stator. Long distance transmission cannot be done at generator voltage levels (1130 kV) because of the huge material requirement and the associated high Copper Loss (sometimes we call it I2R loss). Therefore, the voltage is first stepped up at the generating point using transformers, depending upon the power system and the amount of power that has to be transmitted through transmission lines. Then this power flows through the high voltage transmission lines to the load centres. Transmission voltages worldwide range from 110 to 765 kV. One reason for using higher transmission voltages is to improve transmission efficiency. Basically, transmission of a given amount of power (at a specified power factor) requires a

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How do we receive electrical power at our home or office?

fixed product of voltage and line current. Thus, the higher the voltage, the lower is the current required. Lower line currents cause lower resistive losses (I2R) in the line. For example the present India Primary Transmission System consists of wide network of 765kv, 220 kV and 132 kV transmission lines feeding several 220/33 kV and 132/33 kV bulk power receiving stations. These receiving stations are also known as grid substations. You should always remember that when we state the voltage of a 3phase line, we refer to the voltage between any two wires. At these receiving points, the voltage is stepped down to 33 kV (or 11 kV in a few cases) and fed to the Sub Transmission System for shorter transmission runs. For example, The India sub transmission system comprises a 33 kV network, but there are a few 11 kV sub transmission lines, mainly in urban and suburban areas. Thereafter, the voltage is further reduced to 400 V by means of distribution transformers at distribution substations located in the residential and commercial areas for distribution purposes. Elements of a typical electrical power system are show in figure . Attachment 5604

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