Ques.1.

/* Facts--- */

ako(chair, furniture). ako(chair, seat). isa(your_chair, chair). isa(you, person). made_of(your_chair, wood). colour(wood, brown). belongs_to(your_chair, you).

/* Queries--

1. What is the colour of your chair?

2. Determine whether your chair is a seat.

3. Determine whether your chair is a furniture.

4. Determine whether your chair belongs to a person.

Solutions---

1. What is the colour of your chair? Ans-- made_of(your_chair,X),colour(X,Y).

output--

X = wood Y = brown

yes

2. Determine whether your chair is a seat. 3. Determine whether your chair is a furniture.

Ans-- isa(your_chair, X),ako(X,Y).

output--

X = chair Y = furniture ? ;

X = chair Y = seat

yes

4. Determine whether your chair belongs to a person.

Ans-- belongs_to(X,you),isa(you,Y).

output--

X = your_chair Y = person

yes

*/

Ques.2-Verifies if 3 numbers can be the sides of a triangle

Facts and Rules:-

start:- write('input a= '),read(A), write('input b= '),read(B), write('input c= '),read(C), A >= 0,B>= 0,C >= 0, /* must be positive */ A < B+C,B< C+A,C < A+B, write('These numbers are the sides of a triangle.').

Queries :-

1. | ?- start. input a= 3. input b= 4. input c= 5. These numbers are the edges of a triangle.

(15 ms) yes

2. | ?- start. input a= 18.

input b= 34. input c= 23. These numbers are the edges of a triangle.

yes

3. | ?- start. input a= 12. input b= 13. input c= 14. These numbers are the edges of a triangle.

yes

Ques3.-Problem of likes and not likes.

Facts:-

likes(john, susie). likes(X, susie). likes(john, Y). likes(john, Y), likes(Y, john).

/* John likes Susie */ /* Everyone likes Susie */ /* John likes everybody */

/* John likes everybody and everybody likes John */

likes(john, susie); likes(john,mary). /* John likes Susie or John likes Mary */

not(likes(john,pizza)).

/* John does not like pizza */

Rules :likes(john,susie) :- likes(john,mary). /* John likes Susie if John likes Mary*/ friends(X,Y) :- likes(X,Y),likes(Y,X). hates(X,Y) :- not(likes(X,Y)). /* X and Y are friends if they like each other */ /* X hates Y if X does not like Y*/

enemies(X,Y) :- not(likes(X,Y)),not(likes(Y,X)). /* X and Y are enemies if they don't like each other */

Queries(with output):-

1. | ?- hates(john,Y).

Y = pizza

yes

2.?- friends(john,susie).

no

3. | ?- enemies(john,marry).

no

4. | ?- friends(john,marry).

no

5. | ?- likes(X,Y).

X = john Y = susie ?

(15 ms) yes

Ques4.

/* Facts---- */

animal(mammal, tiger, carnivore, stripes). animal(mammal, lion, carnivore, mane). animal(mammal, hyena, carnivore, ugly). animal(mammal, zebra, herbivore, stripes).

animal(bird, eagle, carnivore, large). animal(bird, sparrow, scavenger, small).

animal(reptile, snake, carnivore, long). animal(reptile, lizard, scavenger, small).

/*Rules*/ animal_name(X):-animal(A,X,B,C). animal_name(X,Y):-animal(Y,X,B,C). animal_name(X,Y):-animal(A,X,C,Y). animal_name(X,Y):-animal(A,X,Y,C).

/*

Queries---

1. Add a rule that writes a list of all the animal names.

2. list all animal name which is small.

3. list all animal name which is mammal.

4. list all animal which is bird.

5. List all animal which is carnivore.

6. find the name of animal which is carnivore as well as ugly.

Solutions---

1. Add a rule that writes a list of all the animal names.

Ans.-- animal_name(X).

output--

X = tiger ? ;

X = lion ? ;

X = hyena ? ;

X = zebra ? ;

X = eagle ? ;

X = sparrow ? ;

X = snake ? ;

X = lizard

2. list all animal name which is small.

Ans.-- animal_name(X,small).

output--

X = sparrow ? ;

X = lizard ? ;

no

3. list all animal name which is mammal.

Ans.-- animal_name(X,mammal).

output--

X = tiger ? ;

X = lion ? ;

X = hyena ? ;

X = zebra ? ;

(16 ms) no

4. list all animal which is bird.

Ans.-- animal_name(X,bird).

output--

X = eagle ? ;

X = sparrow ? ;

no

5. List all animal which is carnivore.

Ans.-- animal_name(X,carnivore).

X = tiger ? ;

output--

X = lion ? ;

X = hyena ? ;

X = eagle ? ;

X = snake ? ;

(16 ms) no

6. find the name of animal which is carnivore as well as ugly.

Ans.-- animal(X,Y,carnivore,ugly).

output--

X = mammal Y = hyena ? ;

no

*/

/*Ques5:-"Write a prolog program to add two number?".*/

/*Facts and Rules*/

start:-sum,n1. sum:- write('Enter value of X= '),read(X), write('Enter value of Y= '),read(Y), S is X+Y, write('Sum is '),write(S).

/*queries*/

/*| ?- start.

Enter value of X=50. Enter value of Y=50. Sum is 100

| ?- start.

Enter value of X=5. Enter value of Y=10. Sum is 15

| ?- start.

Enter value of X=2.5. Enter value of Y=3.2.

Sum is 5.7 */

Ques6.-Program to find power of the number.

Facts and Rules :-

power(N,0,1):- !. power(N,K,R):- K1 is K-1,power(N,K1,R1),R is R1*N.

Query :1.

| ?- power(2,3,R).

R=8

yes 2.

| ?- power(3,3,R).

R = 27

yes

3. | ?- power(4,3,R).

R = 64

Yes

Ques7.-Program to find factorial of a given number.

Facts and Rules :-

fact(0,1). fact(N,R):- fact(N1,R1),N is N1+1,R is R1*N.

Query:1. | ?- fact(4,R).

R = 24 ?

yes

2. | ?- fact(5,R).

R = 120 ?

yes

3. | ?- fact(3,R).

R=6?

yes | ?-

Ques8.-Family problem.

Facts:-

father_of(joe,paul). father_of(joe,mary). father_of(joe,hope). mother_of(jane,paul). mother_of(jane,mary). mother_of(jane,hope).

male(paul). male(joe). male(ralph). male(X) :- father_of(X,Y).

female(mary). female(jane). female(hope).

Rules:-

son_of(X,Y) :- father_of(Y,X),male(X). son_of(X,Y) :- mother_of(Y,X),male(X).

daughter_of(X,Y) :- father_of(Y,X),female(X). daughter_of(X,Y) :- mother_of(Y,X),female(X).

sibling_of(X,Y) :- !,father_of(Z,X),father_of(Z,Y),X\=Y. sibling_of(X,Y) :- !,mother_of(Z,X),mother_of(Z,Y),X\=Y.

Queries :-

1. father_of(X,paul).

X = joe ?

yes

2. | ?sibling_of(X,paul).

X = mary ?

yes

3. | ?- daughter_of(X,Y).

X = mary Y = joe ?

Yes

Ques9.Program to to check planet and satellite with the following facts.

Facts :-

star(sun). orbit(earth, sun). orbit(moon, earth). orbit(saturn, sun). orbit(jupiter, sun). orbit(ioa, jupiter). orbit(casini, saturn). orbit(titan, saturn).

Rules :-

planet(X) :- orbit(X, Y), star(Y).

satellite(X) :- orbit(X, Y), planet(Y).

Queries:-

1.

| ?- orbit(X,Y). X = earth Y = sun ? yes 2. | ?- planet(earth).

yes

3. | ?- satellite(casini). Yes

Ques10. An example using lists to find length of a list:

Facts &Rules :-

size([],0). size([H|T],N) :- size(T,N1), N is N1+1. % or size([_|T],N) :- size(T,N1), N is N1+1.

Queries :-

1.

| ?- size([1,2,3,4],N).

N=4

yes 2.

| ?- size([bill,ted,ming,pascal,nat,ron],N).

N=6

yes

3.

| ?- size([a, [b, c, d], e, [f | g], h], N).

N=5

yes