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Mrunal Article on Social Security (After this schemes are covered Ministry wise)

Item Number 23: Social Security and Insurance and Employment and Unemployment Rest are under Item Number 24 Organized sector includes primarily those establishments which are covered by the Factories Act, 1948, the Shops and Commercial Establishments Acts of State Governments, the Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act, 1946 etc. This sector already has a structure through which social security benefits are extended to workers covered under these legislations. Examples: employees of union and state Government, army, navy, airforce, Multinational companies, Infosys, TCS and so on.

Unorganized sector Examples Urban Areas 1. 2. 3. street vendors hawkers head load workers

Rural Areas 1. 2. 3. landless agricultural labourers small and marginal farmers share croppers

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4. persons engaged in a. animal husbandry b. fishing c. horticulture d. bee-keeping e. toddy tapping forest workers rural artisans 4. 5. 6. 7. cobblers tin smiths garment makers Construction workers

5. 6.

Unorganized sector is characterized by the lack of labour law coverage, seasonal and temporary nature of occupations, high labour mobility, dispersed functioning of operations, casualization of labour, lack of organizational support, low bargaining power, etc

Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 (ESI Act) covers factories and establishments with 10 or more employees and provides for comprehensive medical care to the employees and their families as well as cash benefits during sickness and maternity, and monthly payments in case of death or disablement

Employees Provident Funds Act, 1952 applies to specific scheduled factories and establishments employing 20 or more employees and ensures terminal benefits to provident fund, superannuation pension, and family pension in case of death during service.

Workmens Compensation Act, 1923 (WC Act) Requires payment of compensation to the workman or his family in cases of employment related injuries resulting in death or disability.

Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (M.B. Act) provides for 12 weeks wages during maternity as well as paid leave in certain other related contingencies.

Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (P.G. Act) provides 15 days wages for each year of service to employees who have worked for five years or more in establishments having a minimum of 10 workers.

Social Security In India : Different From Developed Nations We do not have an existing universal social security system 92% of the workforce is in the informal sector which is largely unrecorded Today 1/8th of the worlds older people live in India. The overwhelming majority of these depend on transfers from their children. Addressing social security concerns with particular reference to retirement income for worker In India the coverage gap i.e. workers who do not have access to any formal scheme for old-age income provisioning constitute about 92% of the estimated workforce of 400 million people.

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Whatre the Problems of Workers in Unorganized sector? Workers in the unorganized sector constitute about 93% of the total work force in the country. Majority of the workers are still without any social security coverage. Frequent incidences of illness and need for medical care and hospitalization of such workers and their family members. Despite the expansion in the health facilities, illness remains one of the most prevalent causes of human deprivation in India. Health insurance is one way of providing protection to poor households against the risk of health spending leading to poverty. Poor are unable or unwilling to take up health insurance because of its cost, or lack of perceived benefits

Whatre The Salient Features Of The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Scheme? (ministry of labour and employment) Contribution by Government of India: 75% of the estimated annual premium of Rs.750 Cost of smart card will be borne by the Central Government. Contribution by respective State Governments: 25% For NE : 90/10 Beneficiary would pay Rs. 30 per annum as registration/renewal fee. administrative and other related cost of administering the scheme would be borne by the respective State Government

Who is Eligible? Unorganized sector workers belonging to BPL category and their family members (a family unit of five) shall be the beneficiaries under the scheme. beneficiaries will be issued smart cards for the purpose of identification.

What are the Benefits ? Unorganized sector worker and his family (unit of five) will be covered. Total sum insured would be Rs. 30,000/- per family per annum Smart card based Cashless attendance to all covered ailments. Hospitalization expenses, taking care of most common illnesses All pre-existing diseases to be covered Transportation costs (actual with maximum limit of Rs. 100 per visit) within an overall limit of Rs.1000.

RSBY extended The Rashtriya Swasthiya Bima Yojana already covers BPL families. Now, itll cover rickshaw, auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers, sanitation workers, rag pickers and mine workers as well.

Integrated social security package We need a comprehensive and integrated social security package for the unorganised sector The package should include life-cum-disability cover, health cover, maternity assistance and pension benefits. At present schemes like AABY, JSBY, RSBY, JSY and IGMSY are run by different ministries and departments. A convergence among these schemes is required so we can evolve a comprehensive social security package. Itll benefit the poorest and most vulnerable sections of society.

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Government Schemes: Insurance Aam Admi Bima Yojana(AABY) (Dept of financial services, ministry of finance) Janshree Bima Yojana (JBY) (Dept of financial services, ministry of finance)

(check below table for details)

(check below table for details)

Universal Health Insurance Scheme (UHIS) (Dept of financial services, ministry of finance)

Started in 2003 Healthcare for BPL Medical expenses upto Rs.25k Maternity benefit given Pre-existing diseases also covered.

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)(Ministry of labour)

(covered above)

Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (Ministry of overseas Indian affairs)

For emigrant workers Minimum Rs.10 lakh insurance cover Applicable during employment contract period abroad. For sickness, accidental death, disability while being abroad. Also cover expenses for transporting dead Also for legal expenses related to employment contract dispute abroad. body/sick/disabled person back home. Two schemes: 1) NAIS (National agriculture insurance scheme) available to all farmers, irrespective of their farm size. Protects them against crop losses due to natural calamity. 2) Weather based crop insurance scheme Both are run by Agricultural insurance company (AIC) Provides health insurance to handicraft artisans family. (man, wife and two children only).

Agro Insurance (Ministry of agriculture)

Rajiv Gandhi Shilpi Swasthya (Ministry of textiles)

Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY) Dept. of Financial Services Ministry of Finance

The Janashree Bima Yojana (JBY) has now been merged with the AABY to provide better administration of life insurance cover to the economically backward sections of society. AAM ADMI BIMA YOJANA, a Social Security Scheme for rural landless household was launched on 2nd October, 2007. The head of the family or one earning member in the family of such a household is covered under the scheme.

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The premium of Rs.200/- per person per annum is shared equally by the Central Government and the State Government. The scheme extends life and disability cover to persons between the ages of 18 and 59 years living below and marginally above the poverty line under 47 identified vocational/occupational groups, including 'rural landless households'. The scheme also provides an add-on benefit of scholarship of `100 per month per child paid on half-yearly basis to a maximum of two children per member studying in Classes 9 to 12 (including ITI courses) Benefits On natural death On Death due to accident/on permanent total disability due to accident (loss of 2 eyes or 2 limbs) On partial permanent disability due to accident (loss of one eye or one limb) Rs. 30000/Rs. 75000/Rs. 37500/-

A separate fund called "Aam Admi Bima Yojana Premium Fund" has been set up by Central Govt. to pay the Govt. contribution. Fund is maintained by LIC.

Ministry of Rural Development :

1)Department of Rural Development : PMGSY,SGSY,IAY,NREGA,NSAP,CAPART,PURA 2)Department of Land Resources: IWDP(Revised),Hariyali Please note that only 2 components out of 6 covered under Bharat Nirman are handled by the Ministry of Rural Development. Other ministries handling the other components have been mentioned here itself and not under that ministry so that entire program of Bharat Nirman is covered together Bharat Nirman : Bharat Nirman, launched in 2005-6 by the government to provide basic amenities and infrastructure to rural India has six components: irrigation, roads, housing, water supply, electrification, and telecommunication connectivity. Under Bharat Nirmaan- BSNL is providing VPTs (Village Public Telephones) Components : 1)Indira Awas Yojana (IAY): ministry of rural development: The IAY is one of the six components of Bharat Nirman Objective: The objective of Indira Awaas Yojana is primarily to help construction of dwelling units by members of Scheduled Castes/ Schedule Tribes, freed bonded labourers and also non- SC/ST rural poor below the poverty line by providing them with grant-in-aid. Government gives money to BPL families, for construction / upgradation of houses.

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The unit assistance provided to rural households for construction of a dwelling unit under the IAY is being revised w.e.f. I April 2013 from `45,000 to `70,000 in plain areas and from `48,500 to `75,000 in hilly/ difficult areas/Integrated Action Plan (IAP) districts(IAP districtsthose selected tribal and backward districts affected by Left Wing Extremism.....details of IAP given later) Cost-sharing: Centre :State =75:25 Centre :North Eastern States=90:10. In the case of Union Territories, the entire resources under this scheme are provided by the Government of India. The IAY funds (Central share as well as State share) shall be kept in a nationalized/ scheduled or cooperative bank or a Post Office in an exclusive and separate savings bank account by the DRDAs. The interest amount accrued on the deposits of the IAY funds shall be treated as part of the IAY resources.The entire money should not be paid to the beneficiary in lump sum. Instalments of payment to be linked to the progress of work can be decided by the State Government or at the district level. Target Group: The target group is people below poverty line living in rural areas belonging to Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and non- SC/ST Categories. A maximum of 40% of the total IAY allocation for non-SC/ST BPL categories. From 1995-96, the IAY benefits have been extended to widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel and para military forces killed in action subject to the condition that their dependents will be out of 40% of quota among the non-SC/ST categories of beneficiaries. 60% of the funds should go for SC/ST Families. Identification of Beneficiaries: District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) / Zilla Parishads shall decide the number of houses to be constructed Panchayat wise during a year the Gram Sabha will select the beneficiaries from the list of eligible households No approval of the Panchayat Samiti is required. Gram Panchayats may draw out the shelter less families from the BPL List. Allotment of Houses: Allotment of dwelling units should be in the name of female member of the beneficiary household. Alternatively, it can be allotted in the name of both husband and wife. Family can also get additional loan upto Rs. 20,000 at 4% interest rate, incase they want to do more furnishing of the house. Ban on contractors or departmental construction: No contractor is to be engaged for the construction of dwelling units under IAY, by the DRDA/ ZP. The house should also not be constructed by any Government Department. The house is to be constructed by the beneficiary himself/ herself. The supervision guidance and the monitoring of construction can be entrusted to these non-governmental organisations. Collaboration with other schemes : Indira Awaas Yojana dwelling units are provided with a smokeless chulha. The availability of drinking water supply from the funds available under Rural Water Supply or other similar programmes, construction of sanitary latrine. IAY Family will get funds provided under the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) for building toilet, Plantation of trees in the entire habitat or around the individual house should be taken up simultaneously. Display of Indira Awaas Yojana Board and Logo: the DRDA concerned should ensure. District administration (DM) to ensure that a jobless IAY beneficiary gets a job card under MNREGA and Self Help Group (SHG) membership under Swarnjayanti-gram-swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) The monitoring of the programme at the State level will be the responsibility of the State Level Coordination Committee (SLCC) for Rural Development Programmes. For effective monitoring of the IAY, MIS software 'Awaasoft' has been put in place

2)Rural Drinking Water: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

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National Rural Drinking Water Programme /Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission About 73.91 per cent of rural habitations are fully covered under the provision of safe drinking water in rural areas as measured by habitations with the provision of at least 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd) of safe drinking water. The rest are either partially covered or have chemical contamination in drinking water sources. Census 2011 reported that 84.2 per cent rural households as having improved drinking water sources with tap water, hand pumps, and covered wells constituting the major sources. While prioritizing the addressal of the water quality problem, arsenic and fluoride affected habitations have been accorded priority followed by iron, salinity, nitrate and other contaminants. To ensure that habitations once provided with drinking water supply infrastructure do not slip back and face drinking water problem, sustainability of drinking water sources and systems has been accorded high priority. To achieve drinking water security at village/ habitation level, conjunctive use of water i.e. judicious use of rainwater, surface water and ground water is promoted. Moving forward from achieving habitation level coverage towards household level drinking water coverage. Moving away from over dependence on single drinking water source to multiple sources, through conjunctive use of water,i.e judicious use of surface water, groundwater and rainwater is promoted. Ensuring sustainability in drinking water schemes and preventing slip back. Encouraging water conservation methods including revival of traditional water bodies. Convergence of all water conservation programmes at the village level ; Ensuring household level drinking water security through water budgeting and preparation of village water security plans. Consciously moving away from high cost treatment technologies for tackling arsenic and fluoride contamination to the development of alternative sources in respect of arsenic contamination and alternate sources/dilution of aquifers through rainwater harvesting for tackling fluoride contamination. Developing the capability of preliminary drinking water testing at the Gram Panchayat level. Establishing Water Testing Laboratory facilities with respect to drinking water, at the district and subdivision level. Linking of Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance with the Jalmani guidelines for implementation of standalone drinking water purification systems in rural schools. Encouraging handing over of management of rural drinking water schemes (RWS) to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (incentive of 10% of the NRDWP allocation for the States that transfer the management, is introduced).

10 per cent of the overall amount allocated to the drinking water sector is earmarked for North-Eastern States. Recently, Cabinet has approved the change in funding pattern and the percentages of allocation under different components, and the funding pattern of these components are as under :Component Distribution of annual Centre : State Budgetary allocation Ratio NRDWP (Coverage) 30% 50:50* NRDWP (Water Quality) 20% 50:50** Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 10% 50:50 NRDWP (Sustainability) 20% 100:0 NRDWP (Natural Calamity) 5% 100:0 NRDWP (DDP Areas) 10% 100:0 NRDWPS (Support) 5% 100.0

Changes from previous program ARWSP-

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Umbrella schemes, Flexibility to states to use the funds, Allocation of sustainability raised from 20 to 100%,10% incentive for states to decentralize to PRI, 5% fund for support activities

3) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yoyana (PMGSY): Ministry of rural department:100% centre sponsored scheme with 50% of the cess on high speed diesel is earmarked for it. The programme was launched in the year 2000 and with the objective of providing all-weather road connectivity to all unconnected habitations with population of 500 persons and above 250 persons(2001 census) and above in hilly states, desert areas (as identified under DDP, Desert Development Program), Tribal Schedule-V areas and 82 selected tribal and backward districts as identified under Integrated Action Plan in rural areas of the country as indentified by Ministry of Home Affairs/Planning Commission, population above 250. The objectives of PMGSY have been substantially fulfilled in several States. N aturally, these States wish to do more. Hence, it is proposed to carve out PMGSY-II and allocate a portion of the funds to the new programme that will benefit States such as Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab and Rajasthan. Details of PMGSY-II will be announced by the Minister of Rural Development in due course.-----------------------------Chidambaram in Budget 2013/14 Feb 14, 2013 Revision of the Core Network by including(not very important,just listed for sense of completion) (i)2,687 left-out unconnected habitations in Tribal (Schedule-V) areas and blocks adjoining the international border under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) 1,410 left out unconnected habitations with population of 250 persons and above in the 10 Hill States and desert areas (as identified under the Desert Development Programme (DDP)) to provide new connectivity to these habitations 9,112 left out unconnected habitations with population of 500 persons and above in plain areas to provide new connectivity to these habitations. (ii) Extension of the cluster approach from international border blocks to international border districts of the State of Arunachal Pradesh, by clubbing the population within a path distance of 10 km, and treating as a cluster for eligibility and to provide new connectivity to 126 habitations at an estimated cost of Rs.1,200 crore. (iii) In principle approval for covering unconnected habitations with population of 100 persons and above in the Left Wing Extremists affected blocks with a limited provision to complete missing links, to form closed loops from through routes of the core network at an estimated cost of Rs. 8,000 crore. 4)Telecommunication and IT: : Dept of telecommunications under Ministry of communication and information technology Telecom connectivity constitutes an important part of the effort to upgrade the rural infrastructure. Under the Bharat Nirman Programme, Rural teledensity of at least 40% by 2014, and Broadband coverage of all 2,50,000 village panchayats & Setting up of Bharat Nirman Common Service Centers at Panchayat level by 2012 will be achieved. 5)Irrigation :Ministry of Water resources: component of Bharat Nirman aimed at creation of irrigation potential of 10 million hectare (mha) during four years i.e., from 2005-06 to 2008-09. The target for creation of irrigation potential under Bharat Nirman was proposed to be met through completion of on going major and medium irrigation projects, extension, renovation and modernization (ERM) of major and medium irrigation projects, surface water minor irrigation projects and ground water minor irrigation projects. Emphasis was also laid on repair, renovation and restoration (RRR) of water bodies. 6)Electrification : Ministry of Power: launched Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) as one of its flagship programme in March 2005 with the objective of electrifying over one lakh

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un-electrified villages and to provide free electricity connections to 2.34 Crore rural BPL households. This programme has been brought under the ambit of Bharat Nirman. The infrastructure would cater to the requirements of agriculture and other activities in rural areas including irrigation pumpsets, small and medium industries, khadi and village industries, cold chains, healthcare and education and IT. This would facilitate overall rural development, employment generation and poverty alleviation . -- Subsidy towards capital expenditure to the tune of 90% is being provided, through Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC), which is a nodal agency for implementation of the scheme.The services of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSU) are available to the States for assisting them in the execution of Rural Electrification projects. The Management of Rural Distribution is mandated through franchisees. Electrification of un-electrified Below Poverty Line (BPL) households is being financed with 100% capital subsidy @ Rs.2200/- per connection in all rural habitations.

MGNREGA :
What is MGNREGA? NREGA is designed as a safety net to reduce migration by rural poor households in the lean period through A hundred days of guaranteed unskilled manual labour provided when demanded at minimum wage on works focused on water conservation, land development & drought proofing. Notification of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act came in September 2005. It was launched on February 2, 2006. NREGA is the flagship programme of the UPA . The ongoing programmes of Sampoorn Grameen Rozgar Yojna & National Food for Work Programme were subsumed within this programme in the 200 of the most backward districts of the country, in which it was introduced in phase -1 . In phase-2 it was introduced in 130 additional districts. The scheme was extended to 274 rural districts from April 1, 2008 in phase-3 NREGA is the first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale. Dr. Jean Drze, a Belgian born economist, at the Delhi School of Economics, has been a major influence on this project. What are the Unique Features of NREGA? Time bound employment guarantee and wage payment within 15 days Emphasis on labour intensive works prohibiting the use of contractors and machinery. The Act mandates 33 percent participation for women. Cost sharing : Central Government 3/4th , State Government 1/4th Adult members of rural households submit their name, age and address with photo to the Gram Panchayat. The Gram panchayat registers households after making enquiry and issues a job card. The job card contains the details of adult member enrolled and his /her photo. Registered person can submit an application for work in writing (for at least fourteen days of continuous work) either to panchayat or to Programme Officer. The panchayat/programme officer will accept the valid application and issue dated receipt of application, letter providing work will be sent to the applicant and also displayed at panchayat office. The employment will be provided within a radius of 5 km: if it is above 5 km extra wage will be paid.

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Households belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, small or marginalized farmers or to land of beneficiaries of land reforms or that of the beneficiaries under the Indira Awaas Yojana of the Government of India have the provision of irrigation facility to land owned by them. Within 15 days of submitting the application or from the day work is demanded, employment will be provided to the applicant. Right to get unemployment allowance in case employment is not provided within fifteen days of submitting the application or from the date when work is sought. Receipt of wages within fifteen days of work done Variety of permissible works which can be taken up by the Gram Panchayaths MGNREGA focuses on the economic and social empowerment of women Economic emancipation of women and enhancing their social esteem through involvement in MGNREGA Social Audit is mandatory, which gives more faith, accountability and transparency MGNREGA works address the vulnerability and protect the environment from the issues related to climate change. Encourage such works of MGNREGA. The Gram Sabha is the principal forum for wage seekers to raise their voices and make demands. It is the Gram Sabha and the Gram Panchayat which approves the works under MGNREGA.

The Communication Strategy: Information Education and Communication(IEC) One of the important steps to make MGNREGA a success is the creation of awareness among rural people and other stake holders about their right to demand wage employment and exercise their right by applying for such employment as per their need. The stakeholders broadly identified for MGNREGA are: MGNREGA labors / Job Card holders General public Opinion leaders State level authorities District authorities Block/Taluk/GP authorities (including POs and APOs) GP authorities Post office staff Bankers SHG unit members Adolescent school drop outs Beneficiary groups of various development projects implemented in GPs Anganwadis

FY 13-14 is crucial for MGNREGA for the reason that this being the first FY in which a comprehensive communication strategy is being implemented at the National level. Hence the activities are planned in such a way that focus is given to develop systems and designs which ensure messages are reaching out to the rural poor in a sustainable way through this system. The positive visible impacts are as follows: Agricultural wages have increased Distress migration has shown a decline

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Area cultivated in some states has increased Water conservation structures have been built and in many cases, have been revived.

(Most of the jobs created under the Act are in the area of water conservation, land development and drought proofing) While NREGA is implemented by the ministry of rural development, its progress is also monitored by the Planning Commission. Flip Side :Planning Commission highlighted the dearth of technical and professional support for implementing projects, delays in payments to workers, and issues of corruption and leakages. Here are some important points: Planning commission finds poor implementation of the scheme in states such as Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Only 19% of the 850,000 differently abled people registered for the scheme have got work under NREGA. Another issue is that of fake muster rolls and bills being generated. So-called elite groups within the workers capture most of the job cards. Workers were moving away from their main activity, agriculture, and "are digging pits in the name of ponds under NREGA... Water from these pits evaporates very fast". There is corruption in implementing the programmes and no real asset was being created. Reform attempts are being made to make the scheme truly demand-based, besides addressing issues of fraud, misuse of funds, corruption and structural problems like delayed payments. The issues such as uneven implementation across states and districts need to be addressed.

Government Spending on NREGA : 33000 crores NREGA wages are linked to inflation(CPI ALAgricultural Labour) and will be revised on the 1st of April every year. Under the recent wage revision, workers will be paid the maximum daily wage of Rs 214 in Haryana, followed by Rs 210 and Rs 209 in the Union Territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Chandigarh, respectively. On the lower side of the wage payment are states like Sikkim, Tripura, Nagaland, where MNREGA workers will be paid Rs 135 per day. Workers in Bihar and Jharkhand will get a daily wage of Rs 138.

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana : Launched on 1st April 1999, Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) is an integrated scheme for providing opportunities of self employment to the rural poor. To bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgaries) above the Poverty Line i.e. BPL to APL Organise the rural poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs). Train them and provide them income generating assets.

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Organizing the rural poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through social mobilization. Key activity and development of activity clusters. Training and marketing support to the Swarozgaris. Under the SGSY, generally a self-help group may consist of 10 to 20 persons. All members of the group should belong to families below the poverty line. 50% of the groups formed in each block should be exclusively for the women. Involvement of NGOs/ CBOs/ Animators in social mobilization, training and capacity building. Group formation and development is not a spontaneous process, so NGO can help as a facilitator. SGSY is being implemented by the District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) with the active participation of Panchayati Raj Institutions, the Banks, the line Departments, and NonGovernmental Organizations. In order to provide incentives to rural artisans, SARAS fairs are also organized in various parts of the country to promote sale of products produced by Self- Help Groups. Credit targets under the SGSY are fixed every year by a Committee having representatives from the Ministry of Finance, NABARD, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), State Bank of India (SBI) and Ministry of Rural Development. Bank Linkage Programme of NABARD: To give Loan-cum-subsidy to such SHG groups for their business activities. Various Committees are constituted under SGSY. At the Central Level, Central Level Coordination Committee (CLCC) has been constituted to review and ensure effective implementation of the programme. Marketing of products made of Self Help Groups of SGSY is a major area of concern under the Programme. SGSY emphasizes on backward and forward linkages of the activities to be tied up appropriately so as to ensure that the products manufactured by Swarozgaris are able to compete in the market and they derive adequate income to cross the poverty line. Training and capacity building of Swaroazgaris is an important component of SGSY. Under SGSY 10% of financial allocation is earmarked for training and skill development of swarozgaris. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) has been restructured as National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) to implement it in a mission mode in a phased manner for targeted and time bound delivery of results. NRLM(also called AAJEVIKA) Mission "To reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities, resulting in appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis, through building strong grassroots institutions of the poor." NRLM Guiding Principles Poor have a strong desire to come out of poverty, and they have innate capabilities Social mobilization and building strong institutions of the poor is critical for unleashing the innate capabilities of the poor. An external dedicated and sensitive support structure is required to induce the social mobilization, institution building and empowerment process.

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Facilitating knowledge dissemination, skill building, access to credit, access to marketing, and access to other livelihoods services underpins this upward mobility.

Key features of Aajevika 1)Social Mobilisation 2)Institution Building 3)Financial Inclusion 4)Livelihoods Promotion 5)Convergence
1)Social Mobilisation NRLM will ensure that states adopts saturation approach, where at least one member from each identified rural poor household, preferably a woman, is brought under the Self Help Group (SHG) network in a time bound manner. The Mission will adopt differential strategies for social inclusion and mobilisation of all identified BPL households into functionally effective and self-managed institutions, with particular focus on inclusion of vulnerable sections like scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, disabled, landless, migrant labour, isolated communities and communities living in disturbed areas. Using participatory vulnerability assessment and ranking methodology it would identify the poorest and the most vulnerable amongst the BPL households. Both men and women from identified households would be organised into institutions of the poor (including farmers' organisations, producers' cooperatives etc.) for addressing livelihood issues. These aggregates would graduate into higher level institutions supported by community resource persons (CRP), which will ensure the processes of inclusion and mobilisation. 2)Institution Building Strong, affinity based and quality institutions of poor starting from SHGs at village level would be the primary building block of the NRLM institutional design. NRLM would promote SHGs with exclusive women membership. The idea is to reach out to all family members through women. Process of formation of SHGs which includes: organising the women into affinity based groups, developing group norms, practicing Panchasutra (regular meetings, regular savings, regular inter-loaning, timely repayment and up-to-date books of accounts), leadership development would be followed for six months from formation. From six to twenty four months the focus would be on linkages, which includes: capacity building, micro investment plan (MIP), strenghthening the existing livelihoods of the members, linkages with banks and setting up primary federation. Beyond twenty four months, the focus would be more on visioning/planning, promoting new livelihoods, new products and creating social capital. Higher level federations at various levels will be formed by aggregating SHG members which will provide a platform and space to voice members of SHGs and their demands (social and financial) to reduce their dependency on external agencies. The federations would help in knowledge and technology dissemination and would also act as hubs of production, collectivization and commerce. Responsibility of the federation would also include: bringing in all left out poor households into SHG, provide capacity building support, higher order financial and livelihood services and facilitate access to public services and entitlements. Promotion of specialised institutions like livelihood collectives, producer's cooperatives/ companies for livelihoods promotion, which will work on scale, ensure backward and forward linkages, access to information, credit, technology and markets. Following the principles of subsidiarity, the federation at each level would have its own purpose, functionality and identity. These specialised institutions would be independent, yet organically interdependent. NRLM would provide support to the states by NRLM to strengthen these federations and its capacity to build systems and mechanisms of good governance, planning and review, accounts, internal and statutory and social audit, so that it can become sustainable. Existing institutions of the poor women (whose membership is more than 70% of BPL households and above) formed by Government and efforts of NGOs and CSOs, would be strengthened by NRLM in a partnership mode, to get their full potential to achieve saturation in coverage. NRLM will ensure grading the quality of these existing groups and federations using appropriate grading methodology. Investment by NRLM would be in two fronts: a) creating a large scale of 'social capital' institutions of poor and b) capacity building of community cadre and community resource person. Quality social capital is

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foundation for sustainable community institutions. NRLM envisages that the community resource persons would support the mission towards horizontal scaling and deepening of the process. 3) Financial Inclusion Experience from large scale projects shows access to repeat finance, at affordable price, for desired amount and customised repayment terms is crucial for poor and vulnerable group of the society, to meet their consumption, exit debt trap and investment in livelihood assets. Based on the eligibility criteria, the mission would provide financial support to the institutions of poor with intent to inject financial resources into the institutions of poor for meeting their credit needs for both for consumption purposes and also for investment in livelihoods promotion. This fund would be eventually a corpus /capital resource for institutions of the poor. The poorest and the most vulnerable groups would be given priority for capital subsidy. Largely this fund is expected to be used for on-lending to the SHGs for providing financial assistance to meet their livelihoods other essential needs. Each state will strategise the routing of the financial assistance to the institutions of the poor both in the intensive and non-intensive blocks within the overall guidelines provided in the NRLM 'Framework for Implementation'. NRLM will provide interest subsidy to the rural poor in order to access credit at 7% rate of interest to make their investment more viable. Interest subsidy would be performance linked on a long term engagement with banks over the entire credit cycle. Banks have a critical role in providing services including opening savings accounts for community groups, SHGs and their federations; deposit savings; provide credit and remittances. NRLM would develop strategic partnerships with major banks and insurance companies at various levels, to create enabling conditions for banks/insurance companies and the poor for a mutual rewarding relationship (both supply and demand side of rural finance value chain). On the demand side NRLM will ensure that financial literacy, counselling services on savings, credit and insurance and trainings on micro-investment Planning are embedded in capacity building of all SHGs. 'Bank Mitras' (customer relationship managers selected from among the community) will be positioned in banks for improving quality of banking and insurance services to poor clients. On the supply side, NRLM will forge partnerships with banks for reaching out to all poor, leveraging IT mobile technologies and institutions of poor and youth as business facilitators and business correspondents. NRLM will ensure universal coverage of micro-insurance services, particularly to cover life, health and asset risks of the poor and vulnerable households, by seeking convergence with the insurance schemes of Government of India. 4) Livelihoods Promotion NRLM envisages that the poor move gradually on the co ntinuum from consumption debt swapping enhancement of existing livelihoods diversification. Major focus of NRLM is to stabilize and promote existing livelihoods portfolio of the poor, in farm and in non-farm sectors. NRLM would look at the entire portfolio of livelihoods of each household and facilitate support for the activities at the individual/household level, or in a collective, or at both levels. As agriculture is the mainstay livelihoods activity for a large proportion of the rural poor, NRLM will lay special focus on sustainable agriculture and allied activities like animal husbandry, non-timber forest produce and fisheries. The NRLM Livelihoods Promotion are: i) 'vulnerability reduction' and 'livelihoods enhancement' through deepening/enhancing and expanding existing livelihoods options and tapping new opportunities within the key livelihoods that are virtually universally practiced like agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forest produce collection; a)Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana b)Infrastructure and Marketing Support Fund for Livelihoods ii) 'Skilled wage employment' - building skills for the job market outside; Skill Development and Placements

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iii)'Enterprises' - nurturing self-employed and entrepreneurs (for micro-enterprises). Self Employment 5) Convergence and Partnerships NRLM will ensure that states agencies (SRLM) develop partnerships with major government programmes and build synergies to address different dimensions of poverty and deprivation. Focus would be on: Entitlements PDS, MGNREGS, social security, Right to Education. Improving quality of life health and nutrition, clean drinking water, sanitation, permanent housing, electricity etc. Enhancing capabilities elementary education, vocational, technical education, skills enhancement etc. Creating livelihoods opportunities institutional finance, agriculture, animal husbandry, watersheds, MSME development, food processing etc. Physical infrastructure schemes roads, electricity, telecommunications etc. NRLM/SRLM would make efforts towards convergence with programmes of Ministries of Panchayati Raj, Human Resource Development, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Food Processing, Health & Family Welfare, Textiles, MSME (KVK), Women and Child Development, Financial Services, Tourism etc. Partnerships: NRLM will partner with NGOs and CSOs, (within the ambit of the national framework for partnership with NGO and CSOs) who would share learning, expertise, costs and resources and take up implementation and sensitive support roles and tasks at various levels, run pilots, showcase models, train and build capacities, be resource groups and centres, provide linkages, generate, manage and disseminate knowledge, advocacy etc. Other stakeholders include Private Sector, Corporate Social Responsibility Units, Philanthropic Foundations/Trusts, Training Institutes/centres. Industry Associations would be involved for skill development and placement. Partnership with Academic, Training and Research Institutions would result in curriculum design, training pedagogy, develop faculty/trainer professionally. Partnering with research institutions/ centre of excellence for research/diagnosis tools and policy and strategic planning through field/action research, social observatories would result monitoring the trends and support NRLM/SRLM to take decisions. NRLM would work with RBI, NABARD, Banks and other financial institutions, insurance companies to bring Public-Public, Public-Private and Public-Private-Community Partnerships to build up key livelihoods sectors. Panchayati Raj Institutions: NRLM will ensure that mutually beneficial working relationship and formal platforms for consultations, between Panchayats and institutions of the poor are put in place in a manner that PRIs are actively involved in various activities of NRLM but the autonomy of the institutions of poor is also preserved/ protected. Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Yojana Background Rural women form the most productive work force in the economy of majority of the developing nations including India. However, Women in Agriculture are generally not able to access extension services and production assets like seed, water, credit, subsidy etc. As most of them are not recognized as farmers for want of ownership of land, they are not considered as beneficiaries of various government programs / services.

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To improve the present status of women in Agriculture, and to enhance the opportunities for her empowerment, Government of India has announced Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP), as a sub component of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). Objectives of MKSP To enhance the productive participation of women in agriculture; To create sustainable agricultural livelihood opportunities for women in agriculture by encouraging local resource based agriculture; To improve the skills and capabilities of women in agriculture to support farm and non-farmbased activities; To ensure food and nutrition security at the household and the community level; To enable women to have better access to inputs and services of the government and other agencies; To enhance the managerial capacities of women in agriculture for better management of biodiversity; To improve the capacities of women in agriculture to access the resources of other institutions and schemes within a convergence framework. Strategy: Use of locally adopted, resource conserving, knowledge centric, farmer-led and environmentfriendly technologies; Coordinated action by communities and community based institutions such as the women self help groups, their federations, NGOs and farmer groups, farm schools, farmer field schools and others; The MKSP will strategize in a manner to target the Poorest of the Poor and most vulnerable women such as SC/ST, minorities, landless and the Primitive Tribal Groups. Funding Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) would provide funding support of up to 75% (90% for North East and hill states) and the rest is borne by the respective state governments or any other donor agencies, national and international.

National Social Assistance Programme :

National Social Assistance Programme(NSAP): came into effect from 15th August, 1995, is a 100 % Centrally Sponsored Programme The NSAP aims at providing social security in case of old age, death of primary breadwinner and maternity, a minimum national standard of social assistance in addition to the benefit that States are already providing. The Central assistance is not to displace expenditure by States on social protection schemes. However, the States/UTs are free to expand their own coverage of social assistance whenever they wish to do so. Why?

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Directive principles of State Policy (DPSP) Article 41 of the Constitution of India directs the State to provide public assistance to its citizens in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement etc.

Where? Both rural areas as well as urban areas

Who and What? See the table Name Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) Who (BPL person+) Senior citizen (60-79 years) Senior citizen >80 years Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) Annapurna Widow 40-59 years 18-59 years What? Rs. 200 pm Rs. 500 pm Rs. 200pm Rs. 200pm

Death of primary breadwinner in 18-64 age Senior citizen uncovered in above schemes.

Rs. 10000/-

10 kg grains pm

IGN=Indira Gandhi, pm= Per month. How? 1. 2. Gram Panchayat / Municipalities shortlist the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries get money via their accounts in Banks or in Post Office Savings or through Postal Money Order

Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA) is a strategy for rural development in India. This concept was given by former president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and framed by Prof.Emerson. PURA proposes that urban infrastructure and services be provided in rural hubs to create economic opportunities outside of cities.

Physical connectivity by providing roads, electronic connectivity by providing communication network, and knowledge connectivity by establishing professional and Technical institutions will have to be done in an integrated way so that economic connectivity will emanate. The Indian central government has been running pilot PURA programs in several states since 2004.

Under the framework of PPP between Gram Panchayats and private sector partner. Core funding shall be sourced from the Central Sector scheme of PURA and complemented by additional

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support through convergence of different Central Government schemes. The private sector shall also bring on board its share of investment besides operational expertise. The scheme would be implemented and managed by the private sector but designed in a manner whereby it is fully aligned with the overall objective of rural development Identification of infrastructure needs and urban amenities The different Amenities & activities can be divided into three types: 1)Amenities/Activities to be provided under MoRD Schemes (Mandatory), 2) Amenities to be provided under Schemes of other Ministries (nonMoRD Schemes), 3) Add-on Projects (Revenue earning, people centric projects). Non-MoRD Schemes

MoRD Schemes

Add-on Projects

Water and Sewerage

Village Street Lighting

Village linked tourism

Construction and maintenance of Village Telecom Streets

Integrated Rural Hub, Rural Market.

Drainage

Electricity generation

Agri Common Services Centre and Warehousing.

Solid Waste Management

Any other rural economy based project.

Skill Development & Economical ability

Rural Development Minister Jairam Ramesh on February 24, 2012 launched the restructured PURA scheme that combines rural infrastructure development with economic regeneration in Private Public Partnership (PPP) mode and seeks to harness the efficiencies of the private sector.

Extension to 2000 new towns. It is also trying to restructure the old PURA objectives laid down by the then President

District Rural Development Agency Administration (DRDA) Over the years the District Rural Development Agencies have emerged as the principal organs at the district level to oversing the implementation of different poverty alleviation programmes. Since inception, the administrative costs of the DRDAs were met by setting apart a certain percentage of the allocation for each Programme. Of late, while the number of programmes increased, not all Programmes provided for the administrative cost of the DRDAs. Keeping in view the need for an effective agency at the district level to co-ordinate the poverty

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alleviation efforts, a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme for strengthening the DRDAs was introduced w.e.f. 1st April, 1999.The primary objective of the DRDA Administration Scheme is to professionalise the DRDAs so that they are able to effectively manage the poverty alleviation programmes. The DRDAs are expected to (effectively) coordinate with the Panchayati Raj Institutions. DRDAs are to maintain their separate identity under the guidelines even though the Chairman of the Zilla Parishad is also the Chairman of the governing body of DRDA. The Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural Technology (CAPART) : was set up as a pioneer organisation in September, 1986, as a supporting and funding agency for the Voluntary Organisations (VOs) by merging two organisations, namely, Peoples Action for Development (India) and Council for Advancement of Rural Technology (CART) with the mandate to promote voluntary action and propagate appropriate rural technologies for the benefit of the rural masses. Since then, CAPART has been contributing towards the rural development and poverty alleviation through the work of VOs at the grassroots level and by supplementing Governments efforts. The Minister for Rural Development, Government of India, is the President of the Council and also the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Council.

PARVAAZ
PARVAAZ signifies the first flight of a bird to explore the world of freedom. This project will serve as a platform for the marginalized youth to take their first flight in pursuit of self-identity, freedom and equality. It will pave the way for social, political and economic empowerment of rural below poverty line (BPL) minority youth. OBJECTIVE PARVAAZ mainstream rural below poverty line (BPL) minority youth and constructively engage them in the socio-economic development of the nation. PARVAAZ is an initiative of Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India in partnership of IL&FS Education & TIE Foundation. It is an endeavour to achieve the well-being and sustainable development of rural minority BPL youth living with the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, and unemployment, by extending the best form of education, industrial skills and employment avenues. STRATEGIC APPROACH Identification of beneficiaries Foundation course in academics Skills Training Program Job Placements Post-Placement Assistance

Department of Land Resources

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The Government of India has decided to implement the Centrally-Sponsored scheme National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP) in the Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development. The main objective of the NLRMP is to develop a modern, comprehensive and transparent land records management system in the country. The integrated programme aims to modernize management of land records, minimize scope of land and property disputes, enhance transparency in the land records maintenance system, and eventually facilitate moving towards guaranteed conclusive titles to immovable properties in the country. IGiS LIS is an enterprise solution based on IGiS, the Integrated GIS and Image Processing Software from Scanpoint Geomatics Ltd. IGiS has been customized for creating and maintaining a Land Information System (LIS) envisaged in the NLRMP. IGiS-LIS provides the ability to quickly and accurately assess the LIS data and also act as complete solution for reconciliation of land records. This system provides editing rights to the end users of Land Record Management Offices and viewing rights to the common users. IGiS-LIS has an open ended architecture which not only covers all the requirements specified by the NLRMP program and also supports various additional solutions for land record management systems. IGiS-LIS is capable of creating, storing, checking, integrating, managing and displaying georeference based data and attributes of the land records. IGiS LIS can easily and effectively be interfaced with other utility software like payment module, customer relationship management etc to support to Implementation of Land Governance Assessment The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance and draw out policy implications at country or State level in an evidence-based and participatory process. The LGAF will be applied in six states in India. FUNDING SOURCE: The World Bank intends to finance the assignment / services described below under the following trust fund(s): - BANK BUDGET - National Land Records Modernization Program (NLRMP) - Support to Implementation Watershed Management Development of rainfed /degraded areas through participatory watershed approach is the focal area of the Government. Planning Commission and National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) framed Common guidelines, 2008 for watershed programmes for all Ministries/Departments based on the Parthasarathy Committee Report, other Committees observations and past experiences. The provisions in the Common Guidelines and the observations of the Parthasarthy Committee have necessitated modifications in the watershed schemes of the Department of Land Resources. Accordingly, Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP), Desert Development Programme (DDP) and Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP) of the Department of Land Resources

into a single modified programme called Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). This consolidation is for
have been integrated and consolidated

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optimum use of resources, sustainable outcomes and integrated planning. The scheme was approved by the Government in 2009. What is the definition of wasteland? According to National Wastelands Development Board (NWDB), the wasteland is described as degraded land, which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable effort, and which is currently under-utilized and land which is deteriorating for lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes. What is the extent of wastelands in the country? How much of it can be treated? According to Wastelands Atlas of India(2005), 55.27 Million ha. area has been delineated as wastelands in the country. Out of this, 43.152 Million ha is treatable wasteland which consists of : Area under degraded forests: 12.655 Million ha. Area of treatable non-forest wastelands: 30.497 Million ha. What is Distribution of wastelands in India? As per Wasteland Atlas (2005), high percentage of area under wastelands in Jammu and Kashmir (69.24%), Himachal Pradesh (50.90%), are due to snow cover and degraded forest; Nagaland (22.37%), Manipur (59.01%), Mizoram (21.20%) are due to prevalent shifting cultivation, Sikkim (53.67%) is due to degraded forest and in Rajasthan (29.64%) is due to sandy areas. Among all the States, Punjab has the minimum (2.33%) and Jammu & Kashmir has the maximum (69.24%) area under wastelands. What is Watershed? A Watershed is a geo-hydrological unit or an area that drains at a common point. What is watershed approach? A Watershed is a topographically delineated area that is drained by a stream system. Watershed is made up of its physical and hydrological natural resources as well as human resources. Management of a watershed thus entails the rational utilization of land and water resources for optimum production but with minimum hazard to natural and human resources. What is the selection criteria followed by the state while selecting new projects under IWMP? S. No Selection Criteria Poverty index (% of poor to population) % of SC/ ST population Actual wages % of small and marginal farmers Ground water status Moisture index/ DPAP/ DDP Block Area under rain-fed agriculture Drinking water Degraded land Productivity potential of the land Contiguity to another watershed that has already been developed/ treated Cluster approach in the plains (more than one contiguous microwatersheds in the project)

What major activities are undertaken under watershed projects? Major Activities of the Watershed project are: Soil & moisture conservation measures like terracing, bunding, trenching, vegetative barriers etc. Planting & sowing of multi-purpose trees, shrubs, grasses, legumes and pasture land development Encouraging natural regeneration

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Promotion of agro-forestry and horticulture Wood substitution and fuel-wood conservation measures Measures needed to disseminate technology Training, extension and creation of a greater degree of awareness among the participants Encouraging peoples participation

Funding : 90/10.

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation : Total Sanitation Campaign now called the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA): GOI started it in 1999 as a part of restructuring the Central rural sanitation program (CRSP) OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the NBA are as under: Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram Panchayats in the country attaining Nirmal status. Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education. To cover the remaining schools not covered under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Anganwadi Centres in the rural areas with proper sanitation facilities and undertake proactive promotion of hygiene education and sanitary habits among students. Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management for overall cleanliness in the rural areas. Change in STRATEGY: Earlier Centre rural Centre Program had a strategy which was supply driven, high subsidy and infrastructure oriented. The strategy is to transform rural India into Nirmal Bharat by adopting the 'community led' and 'people centered' strategies and community saturation approach. A "demand driven approach" is to be continued with emphasis on awareness creation and demand generation for sanitary facilities in houses, schools and for cleaner environment. Alternate delivery mechanisms would be adopted to meet the community needs. The provision of incentives for individual household latrine units to the poorest of the poor households has been widened to cover the other needy households too so as to attain community outcomes. Availability of water in the Gram Panchayat shall be an important factor for sustaining sanitation facilities created. Rural School Sanitation remains a major component and an entry point for wider acceptance of sanitation by the rural people. Wider technology options are being provided to meet the customer preferences and location- specific needs. Intensive IEC Campaign is the corner stone of the programme involving Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, ASHA, Anganwadi workers, Women Groups, Self Help Groups, NGOs etc. A roadmap for engagement of corporate houses is being introduced. More transparent system involving social audit and active peoples participation in the implementation process of NBA is being introduced. Convergence with MNREGS shall also be important to facilitate the rural households with fund availability for creating their own sanitation facilities.

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COMPONENTS OF NBA Start-Up Activities IEC Activities (Information, Education and Communication) Capacity Building Construction of Individual Household Latrines Rural Sanitary Marts and Production Centres Provision of Revolving Fund in the District Community Sanitary Complex Institutionl Toilets- School and Anganwadi toilets Solid and Liquid Waste Management Maintenance of facilities created under NBA Administrative Charges Under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) formerly ,15% of the total outlay of district projects has been earmarked for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities. To give a fillip to the TSC, Government of India also launched the Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) by Ministry of drinking water and sanitation that sought to recognise the achievements and efforts made in ensuring full sanitation coverage. The Nirmal Gram Puraskar is given to those gram panchayats which have achieved i) 100% sanitation coverage of individual households, ii) Have achieved 100% school sanitation coverage iii) Are free from open defecation and iv) Have achieved environmental maintainenance Manipur and Rajasthan are reported to have the poorest implementation of the programs due to problems of Liquid and Solid Waste Management while Haryana has shown good results over the years. Sikkim was the first state to achieve complete sanitation coverage The award gained immense popularity and contributed effectively in bringing about a movement in the community for attaining the Nirmal Status thereby significantly adding to the achievements made for increasing the sanitation coverage in the rural areas of the country. It has been added to encourage PRIs to take up sanitation program. Sikkim has become the first Nirmal state of the country.
National Rural Health Mission : Basics because many ministries are involved here

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National Rural Health Mission (now restructured as National Health Mission with an intended subplan called National Urban Health Mission but that has NOT been launched yet) In any case architecture of NRHM remains the same. Q . What does NRHM basically means and what are the programmes covered under this? Ans The NRHM provides the operational framework for the health sector.It is basically a strategy for integrating ongoing vertical programmes of Health & Family Welfare and addressing issues related to the determinants of Health like Sanitation, Nutrition and Safe Drinking Water. Q Does NRHM covers the entire country ? Ans. The NRHM covers the entire country, with special focus on 18 States where the challenge of strengthening poor public health systems and thereby improving key health indicators is the greatest. Q. What are the core strategies of NRHM? Ans The core strategies of NRHM include, decentralized village and district level health planning and management, appointment of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) to facilitate access to health services, strengthening the public health service delivery infrastructure, particularly at village, primary and secondary levels, mainstreaming AYUSH, improved management capacity 2 to organize health systems and services in public health, emphasizing evidence based planning and implementation through improved capacity and infrastructure, promoting the non-profit sector to increase social participation and community empowerment, promoting healthy behaviours and improving intersectoral convergence. Q Does it include private sector regulation? Ans The supplementary strategies of NRHM include regulation of the private sector to improve equity and reduce out of pocket expenses, foster public-private partnerships to meet national public health goals, reorienting medical education, introduction of effective risk pooling mechanisms and social insurance to raise the health security of the poor and taking full advantage of local health traditions. Q. Who heads the steering group for NRHM? Ans The Mission Steering Group under the Chairmanship of the Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare will provide policy guidance and operational oversight at the National level. Q. Which are the other related departments for implementing NRHM? Ans The NRHM is being launched as a framework of partnership among Government of India, related Departments of the Government, especially Departments of Women & Child Development, Drinking Water Supply, Panchayati Raj and Development of North Eastern Region State Governments, Panchayat Raj Institutions, NGOs and private health providers. Q. What are Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)? Ans These are a set of standards envisaged to improve the quality of health care delivery in the country under the National Rural Health Mission. Now we have launched a National Health mission with the goal of realising universal healthcare. Major Stakeholder and their roles : 1)Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)

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One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist ASHA or Accredited Social Health Activist. Selected from the village itself and accountable to it, the ASHA will be trained to work as an interface between the community and the public health system. Following are the key components of ASHA: ASHA must primarily be a woman resident of the village married/ widowed/ divorced, preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 years. She should be a literate woman with formal education up to class eight. This may be relaxed only if no suitable person with this qualification is available. ASHA will be chosen through a rigorous process of selection involving various community groups, self-help groups, Anganwadi Institutions, the Block Nodal officer, District Nodal officer, the village Health Committee and the Gram Sabha. Capacity building of ASHA is being seen as a continuous process. ASHA will have t undergo series of training episodes to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and confidence for performing her spelled out roles. The ASHAs will receive performance-based incentives for promoting universal immunization, referral and escort services for Reproductive & Child Health (RCH) and other healthcare programmes, and construction of household toilets. Will be the first port of call and will be empowered with knowledge and a drug-kit to deliver firstcontact healthcare, and make timely referrals ASHA will be a health activist in the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants,promote good health practices and mobilise the community towards local health planning and increased utilisation and accountability of the existing health services. ASHA will provide information to the community on determinants of health such as nutrition, basic sanitation & hygienic practices, healthy living and working conditions, information on existing health services and the need for timely utilisation of health & family welfare services. She will counsel women on birth preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breast-feeding and complementary feeding, immunization, contraception and prevention of common infections including Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infections (RTIs/STIs) and care of the young child. ASHA will mobilise the community and facilitate them in accessing health and health related services available at the Anganwadi/sub-centre/primary health centers, such as immunisation, Ante Natal Check-up (ANC), Post Natal Check-up supplementary nutrition, sanitation and other services being provided by the government. She will act as a depot holder for essential provisions being made available to all habitations like Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORS), Iron Folic Acid Tablet(IFA), chloroquine, Disposable Delivery Kits (DDK), Oral Pills & Condoms, etc. At the village level it is recognised that ASHA cannot function without adequate institutional support. Womens committees (like self-help groups or womens health committees), village Health & Sanitation Committee of the Gram Panchayat, peripheral health workers especially ANMs and Anganwadi workers, and the trainers of ASHA and in-service periodic training would be a major source of support to ASHA. Auxiliary Nurse Midwife and Anganwadi Worker (ANM)

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2)Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) The roles of Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and ASHA have been integrated in various ways. The ANM will hold weekly/fortnightly meeting with ASHA, and provide on-job training by discussing the activities undertaken during the week/fortnight and provide guidance in case ASHA encounters any problem. ANMs will also act as resource persons for the initial and periodic training and also ensure that during the training ASHA gets the compensation for performance and also TA/DA for attending the training schedule. She will also guide ASHA in bringing the beneficiary to the outreach session. She will utilize ASHA in motivating the pregnant women for coming to the Sub-Centre for initial check-ups and also take ASHAs help in bringing married couples to sub centres and motivating pregnant women for taking full course of Iron and Folic Acid (IFA). 3)Anganwadi Worker (AWW) The responsibilities of Anganwadi Worker (AWW) will guide ASHA in performing on health and integrated with the role of ASHA. AWW will guide ASHA in performing activities such as organising Health Day once/twice a month at Anganwadi Centre and orientating women on health related issues such as importance of nutritious food, personal hygiene, care during pregnancy, importance of immunisation etc. Anganwadi worker will be depot holder for drug kits and will be issuing it to ASHA. The replacement of the consumed drugs can also be done trough AWW. ASHA will support the AWW in mobilizing pregnant and lactating women and infants for nutrition supplement. She would also take initiative for bringing the beneficiaries from the village on specific days of immunisation, health check-ups/health days etc. to Anganwadi Centres. 4)State Administration,District Administration ,Panchayati Raj Institutions(PRIs) and NGOs Job of State Administration Each State shall develop its own strategy for National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) under the overarching guidelines of the Government of India State government would identify core performance indicators and time frames for achieving the same. Preparing a distinct strategy for addressing vulnerable population groups and underserved areas to be specified in the State Action Plan. Ensuring key role of Panchayati Raj Institutions at all levels under the Mission to plan, control and monitor the health programme. Integrating the institutional Framework of health & Total Sanitation campaign at District and Sub-district levels, to ensure provision of household toilets under the Mission.

District Administration PRIs Making the village health plan and promoting inter sectoral integration through ASHA. ASHAs would be selected by and be accountable to the Village Panchayat. The District Health Mission (DHM) to be constituted by the Zilla Parishad. to lead the activities under NRHM and Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in the district. Preparation of integrated District Action Plan as per the NRHM mandate.The DHM will control, guide and manage all public health institutions in the district, Sub-Centres, PHCs and CHCs. Ensuring simple procedure for BPL certification and introduction of voucher system wherever possible for JSY, immunization, contraception etc. Organizing selection and training of ASHAs

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Making available health related database to all stakeholders.

Anganwadi Centres Anganwadi Centre (AWC) a village courtyard is the main platform for delivering of these services. These AWCs have been set up in every village in the country. As many as 13.31 lakh Anganwadi and mini-Anganwadi Centres (AWCs/ mini-AWCs) are operational out of 13.72 lakh sanctioned AWCs/ mini-AWCs, as on 31.01.2013. These centres provide supplementary nutrition, non-formal pre-school education, nutrition and health education, immunization, health checkup and referral services of which later three services are provided in convergence with public health systems.

Construction of AWC has been notified as a permissible activity under MNREGA. The construction of AWC building can be taken up in convergence with MNREGA. In order to ensure proper functioning of AWCs, under the strengthening and restructuring of the ICDS revised Management Information System (MIS), Web based MIS and provision for ICT at AWCs under ICDS, forging strong institutional convergence with National Rural Health Mission and Total Sanitation Campaign, particularly, at the district and village levels has been approved. Anganwadi Centres (AWCs)/Mini-AWCs can be opened on the basis of population of the area Plan to Construct of 2 Lakh Anganwadi Centres During 12TH FYP Ministry of Women and Child Development Can be broadly classified into 2 types 1.Women/Child Empowerment/ Development Schemes 2. Schemes for Protection and Rehabilitation of Distressed Women/Children Development Related Schemes Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme ICDS 1.Launched in 1975 & restructured in 2012 2.Aim : to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout 2. Covers - Children below 6 yrs - Pregnating & Lactating mothers 3. Services provided : supplementary nutrition,immunisation,health check-ups, pre-school education & health education etc

Three of the six services namely Immunisation, Health Check-up and Referral Services delivered through Public Health Infrastructure under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Services: Nutrition including Supplementary Nutrition: This includes supplementary feeding and growth monitoring; and prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency and control of nutritional anaemia. All families

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in the community are surveyed, to identify children below the age of six and pregnant & nursing mothers. They avail of supplementary feeding support for 300 days in a year. By providing supplementary feeding, the Anganwadi attempts to bridge the caloric gap between the national recommended and average intake of children and women in low income and disadvantaged communities. Growth Monitoring and nutrition surveillance are two important activities that are undertaken. Children below the age of three years of age are weighed once a month and children 3-6 years of age are weighed quarterly. Weight-for-age growth cards are maintained for all children below six years. This helps to detect growth faltering and helps in assessing nutritional status. Besides, severely malnourished children are given special supplementary feeding and referred to medical services

Supplementary nutrition under the ICDS are a nutritional gap filling measure, designed to bridge the gap between the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and the Average Dietary Intake (ADI) in children below six years of age, pregnant and nursing mothers and are sufficient. Immunization of pregnant women and infants protects children from six vaccine preventable diseasespoliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis and measles. These are major preventable causes of child mortality, disability, morbidity and related malnutrition. Immunization of pregnant women against tetanus also reduces maternal and neonatal mortality. Health Check-ups: This includes health care of children less than six years of age, antenatal care of expectant mothers and postnatal care of nursing mothers. The various health services provided for children by anganwadi workers and Primary Health Centre (PHC) staff include regular health check-ups, recording of weight, immunization, management of malnutrition, treatment of diarrhoea, de-worming and distribution of simple medicines etc. Referral Services: During health check-ups and growth monitoring, sick or malnourished children, in need of prompt medical attention, are referred to the Primary Health Centre or its sub-centre. The anganwadi worker has also been oriented to detect disabilities in young children. She enlists all such cases in a special register and refers them to the medical officer of the Primary Health Centre/ Sub-centre. The Non-formal Pre-school Education (PSE) component of the ICDS may well be considered the backbone of the ICDS programme, since all its services essentially converge at the anganwadi a village courtyard. This is also the most joyful play-way daily activity, visibly sustained for three hours a day. It brings and keeps young children at the anganwadi centre - an activity that motivates parents and communities. PSE, as envisaged in the ICDS, focuses on total development of the child, in the age up to six years, mainly from the underprivileged groups. Its programme for the three-to six years old children in the anganwadi is directed towards providing and ensuring a natural, joyful and stimulating environment, with emphasis on necessary inputs for optimal growth and development. The early learning component of the ICDS is a significant input for providing a sound foundation for cumulative lifelong learning and development. It also contributes to the universalization of primary education, by providing to the child the necessary preparation for primary schooling and offering substitute care to younger siblings, thus freeing the older ones especially girls to attend school. Nutrition and Health Education: Nutrition, Health and Education (NHED) is a key element of the work of the anganwadi worker. This forms part of BCC (Behaviour Change Communication) strategy. This has the long term goal of capacity-building of women especially in the age group of 15-45 years so that they can look after their own health, nutrition and development needs as well as that of their children and families.

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The concept of providing a package of services is based primarily on the consideration that the overall impact will be much larger if the different services develop in an integrated manner as the efficacy of a particular service depends upon the support it receives from related services. Services Supplementary Nutrition Target Group Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) Immunization* Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) Health Check-up* Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) Referral Services Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) Pre-School Education Nutrition & Health Education Children 3-6 years Women (15-45 years) AWW AWW/ANM/MO AWW/ANM/MO ANM/MO/AWW ANM/MO Service Provided by Anganwadi Worker and Anganwadi Helper

*AWW assists ANM in identifying the target group.MO- Monitoring Officer

Restructuring of ICDS
In order to address various programmatic, management and institutional gaps and to meet administrative and operational challenges that had crept the ICDS over the years, Government approved the proposal for Strengthening and Restructuring of ICDS Scheme with an over-all budget allocation of Rs. 1,23,580 crore during 12th Five Year Plan. The Administrative Approvals in this regard have since been issued to the States/UTs. Restructured and Strengthened ICDS will be rolled out in all the Districts in three years as per following details: I. In 200 high burden districts in the first year (2012-13);

II. In additional 200 districts in second year (2013-14) (i.e. w.e.f. 1.4.2013) including districts from special category States and NER; III. In remaining districts in third year (2014-15) (i.e. w.e.f. 1.4.2014).

The key features of Strengthened and Restructured ICDS inter-alia include addressing the gaps and challenges with (a) special focus on children under 3 years and pregnant and lactating mothers (b) strengthening and repackaging of services including ,care and nutrition counseling services and care of severely underweight children (c) a provision for an additional Anganwadi Worker cum Nutrition Counselor for focus on children under 3 years of age and to improve the family contact, care and nutrition counseling for P&L Mothers in the selected 200 high-burden districts across the country,

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besides having provision of link worker, 5% crche cum Anganwadi centre (d) focus on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) (e) forging strong institutional and programmatic convergence particularly, at the district, block and village levels (f) models providing flexibility at local levels for community participation (g) introduction of Annual Programme Implementation Plan(APIP) (h) improving Supplementary Nutrition Programme including cost revision, (i) provision for construction and improvement of buildings of Anganwadi centres (j) allocating adequate financial resources for other components including Monitoring and Management and Information System(MIS), Training and use of Information and communication technology (ICT), (k) to put ICDS in a mission mode etc. and (l) revision of financial norms etc. The Government of India has also introduced five tier monitoring and supervision mechanism at National, State, District, Block and Anganwadi level. IGMSY(Indira Gandhi Matratv Sahyog Yojana) 1.Launched in 2010 2.The scheme is being implemented in 52 selected districts on pilot basis using the platform of ICDS 3.is a conditional maternity benefit scheme : Pregnant women of 19 years of age and above are entitled to a cash incentive of Rs. 4000 in three installments for first two live births 4.Provides cash directly to pregnant & lactating mothers so as to compensate for wage loss both prior to & after delivery of child. The scheme is now covered under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) programme with nine districts being included in the first phase. Kishori Shakhti Yojana(intervention within ICDS) All unmarried adolescent girls in the age group of 1118 year. Target group = school drop-outs girls in rural areas, whore forced to leave studies after class 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. To improve the nutritional and health status of girls in the age group of 11 18 years. To provide the required literacy and innumeracy skills through the nonformal stream of education, to stimulate a desire for more social exposure and knowledge and to help them improve their decision making capabilities. To train and equip the adolescent girls to improve/upgrade homebased and vocational skills. To promote awareness of health, hygiene, nutrition and family welfare, home management and child care, and to take all measure as to facilitate their marrying only after age of 18. To gain a better understanding of their environment related social issues and the impact on their lives and To encourage them to initiate various activities to be productive and useful members of the society.

The Anganwadi centre of a village, will gather 20 or more girls, form a Balika Mandal and give them training for 6 months. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Educational activities through nonformal & functioned literacy pattern. Immunization A general health check up every six months Treatment for minor ailments Prophylaxis measures against anemia, goiter, vitamin deficiencies etc. Referral to PHC/District Hospital in the case of acute need Convergence with Reproductive Child Health Scheme.

Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)-Sabla SABLA would replace the existing Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG) and Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY) in selected 200 districts. In the

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remaining districts, KSY where operational, would continue as before. - Sabla now operational in 205 selected districts aims at all-round development of adolescent girls in the age group 11-18 years and making them self-reliant with a special focus on out-of-school girls.

- The scheme would be implemented using the platform of ICDS and Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) would be the focal point for the delivery of services. However,where infrastructure and other facilities are inadequate in AWCs,then alternative arrangements will have to be made in schools/Panchayat Community buildings.

- The scheme has two major components, nutrition and non-nutrition. - Nutrition is being given in the form of 'take home rations' or 'hot cooked meals' to out-of -school 11-14 year old girls and all adolescent girls in the 14 -18 age group. - The non-nutrition component addresses the developmental needs of 11-18 year old adolescent girls who are provided iron-folic acid supplementation, health check-up and referral services, nutrition and health education, counseling/ guidance on family welfare, skill education, guidance on accessing public services, and vocational training. - A 'Kishori card' will be given to each adolescent girl, wherein details about her weight, height, body mass index, iron and folic acid supplementation, referrals and services received under SABLA will be written. The card will also contain information about important milestones in the girl's life, like joining school, leaving school, marriage etc. STEP :SUPPORT TO TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMME FOR WOMEN -> Central Sector Scheme(1986-87); Revised:2009 -> Motives: Sustainable employment and income generation for marginalized and asset-less rural and urban poor women. -> Detailed Objectives: Mobilizing women in viable groups. . Provide training for skill up-gradation Enabling groups of women for selfemployment or wage- employment Provide support services -> Services covered: - Up gradation of skills through training. - Better and sustainable employment opportunities - Backward and forward linkages - Facilitation of organization of women -Support services with the coverage of - Health Check-ups - Referral Services - Mobile creches - Education facilities Number of beneficiaries: The number of beneficiaries may vary from 200 to 10000 depending upon the nature of the project and capacity of the organisation and topographical/demographical area proposed to be covered by the project proposal. Family members of women beneficiary not to be counted. Duration of particular project: Upto 5 years (depends on the basis of nature of project) Implementing agencies: Through Public Sector Organisations, District Rural Development Agencies. Federation, Co-operatives and voluntary Organisation - Non Government Voluntary Organizations working in rural areas with legal status as a society registered under the societies Registration Act of 1860 or under the Corresponding State Acts. Financial Assistance: 100% by Govt to admin. staff, marketing support, training and support services.

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50% by govt and other50% by implementing agency for construction of individual sheds etc. For working capital/raw materials: 100%1st year; 50%-2nd year; 30%-3rd year. Overall- 90% by Cent. Govt 10% by implementing agency. Dhanlaxmi Scheme -> Conditional Cash transfer scheme for Girl Child -> Implemented since 2008-09 -> What it does: Provides for cash transfer to the family of a girl child on fulfilling certain conditionality relating to registration of birth, immunization, enrollment and retention in school till class VIII; and an insurance coverage if the girl remains unmarried till the age of 18. -> Under the Dhan Laxmi scheme an insurance cover to the tune of Rs 1 lakh would be provided for the girl child at her birth and in all, cash package of around Rs 2 lakh will be provided to the girl's family, preferably to the mother, through the scheme.

Swayamsidha/Integrated Women Empowerment Programme(IWEP) .Launched in 2001 as SHG based women empowerment programme Aims at holistic empowerment of women through awareness generation,economic empowerment & convergence of various schemes like Indira Mahila Yojana,Mahila Samridhi Yojana

4. Funding Pattern After revising twice, current funding pattern is 50:50 for States & UT 90:10 for NE States (100% earlier) Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme (RGNCS)----Launched in 2006

Provides day care facilities (nutritional support/recreation services) to 0-6 year old children of working mothers

Coniditional benefit Scheme: combine monthly income of the both the parents should not exceed Rs12000 for availing the facility.

Users charges @ of Rs. 20/- per child per month may be collected from children from BPL families and Rs, 60/- per child per month from other families. This will ensure of participation with the community and also increase the centres resources which can be utilized as rent or for better facilities at the crche. It should be ensured that 50% of the children coming to these crche are from BPL families. The present scheme will provide assistance to NGOs for running crches for babies (0-6 years) and would provide assistance to ensure sleeping facilities,health-care, supplementary nutrition, immunization etc. for running a crche for 25 babies for 8 hours. Schemes for Protection and Rehabilitation of Children/Women Basic Approach of the Government (details later) The Government has adopted a multi-pronged approach to Prevent and Combat Trafficking of women and children for Commercial Sexual Exploitation. The Ministry of Women and Child Development administers the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA). The Ministry is also implementing Ujjawala- a Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation, Re-

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Integration and Repatriation of Victims of Trafficking for Commercial Sexual Exploitation. As on date, 228 projects have been supported under the Scheme, including 117 protective and rehabilitative homes. Trafficked victims are also given shelter and support services in Short Stay Homes and Swadhar Homes meant for women in difficult circumstances. Besides, the Ministry is implementing the centrally sponsored Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) since 2009-10 for providing a safe and secure environment for overall development of children who are in need of care and protection and children in conflict with law. The various components of the scheme also include rescue and rehabilitation of children in difficult circumstances, which includes trafficked and sexually exploited children. The Ministry of Home Affairs is implementing a comprehensive Scheme for establishment of integrated Anti Human Trafficking Units (AHTUs) and capacity building of responders, including Training of Trainers for strengthening the law enforcement response to human trafficking. So far 160 Anti Human Trafficking Units have been established. ICPS(Integrated Child Protection Scheme) 1.Launched in 2009 For the welfare and rehabilitation of children in difficult circumstances. One of the objectives of ICPS is to map the needs and services for children and families at risk. Financial assistance is provided to the State Governments/UT Administrations under the Scheme for, inter-alia, undertaking such exercise at district level and assessing the number of children in difficult circumstances. Another Scheme being implemented since 2004-05 in urban areas by the Ministry is the Scheme for Welfare of Working Children in Need of Care and Protection for providing support for the wholesome development of child workers and potential child workers, especially those with none or ineffective family support. To avoid duplication of efforts and provide more comprehensive services to vulnerable children including working children, the scheme was integrated with ICPS and it was decided cover the targeted children under the Open Shelter Component of the ICPS. The progress of implementation of ICPS is reviewed from time to time in regular meetings at State, regional and national levels, through monitoring reports received from the States and by the Project Approval Board set up in the Ministry to appraise and approve the financial proposals received from States Governments/ UT Administrations. Whereas, under ICPS funds are released to State Governments/UT Administrations and Childline India Foundation (CIF) only, under the Scheme for Welfare of Working Children in Need of Care and Protection, funds are directly released to the Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) for implementing the scheme. 2)Operationalization of minimum 100 pilot projects of One Stop Crisis Centres (OSCCs) , a specialized facility for providing all necessary services for women victims/ survivors of violence, in urban areas having population of more than 5 lakh, identified by the States for implementation during the remaining years of the 12th Plan. These Centres will be attached to the District Hospitals of the State Governments.

3) Swadhar- A Scheme for women in difficult circumstances Target Group: Women in difficult circumstances and are vulnerable -such as: Widows Destitutes (includes HIV women deserted by family) Victims of criminal and sexual abuses (rescued from trafficking and brothels) Victims of terrorist violence Ex-prisoners Mentally challenged

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Homeless migrants Refugees (due to natural calamities) Earlier similar schemes Short stay homes, Nari Niketan,Old age homes. Shortcomings Limited objectives. Do not cover all the groups Swadhar - diverse ,covers different groups of distressed women. Approach - Addresses the specific vulnerability of each of group of women in difficult circumstances through a home-based holistic and integrated approach Objectives : 1. Such women should first be given the 3 basic needs-food,clothing and shelter-they are provided. 2. They might have undergone a lot of emotional stress because of facing difficult circumstances- so counseling and emotional support will be provided. 3. Then they will be rehabilitated socially and economically- by giving education and skills training 4. If the women/girls need any specific clinical or legal or other aid,they are arranged. 5. Helpline numbers provided 6. Other facilities for support and rehabilitation. Implementing agencies: includes govt and non-govt (NGOs) -Social Welfare/ Women and Child Welfare Department of State Government -Womens Development Corporations -Urban Local Bodies -reputed Public/Private Trusts -Voluntary Organistions who are willing to take up the responsibility of rehabilitating such women. (The organization should be a registered one and must have adequate experience and expertise of taking up such works of Rehabilitation) Central Govt provides assistance for these implementing agencies in land purchase ,constructions, rents for accommodation and other expenditure incurred by them in rehabilitating the distressed women. Swadhar Greh merging existing Swadhar and Short Stay Home schemes with enhanced financial norms. This includes enhancement of food charges from Rs.500/- per month per beneficiary to Rs.1200/- per month per beneficiary. Expenditure for medicines is also enhanced from Rs.25/per month per beneficiary to Rs.200/- per month per beneficiary.Enhanced focus on vocational training.

4) UJJAWALA : is a Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and
Re-Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Commercial Sexual Exploitation 1. Launched in 2007 to address the problem of cross border trafficking of young children & women from Bangladesh & Nepal into india. Mainly for prevention of trafficking 2. Target group or beneficiary

(a) Women and children who are vulnerable to trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. (b) Women and children who are victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. 3. Component of Scheme The Scheme shall have the following 5 main components: 1. PREVENTION 2. RESCUE 3. REHABILITATION 4. RE-INTEGRATION 5. REPATRIATION

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Ministry of Health & Family Welfare :

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare comprises the following departments, each of which is headed by a secretary to the government of India:Department of Health & Family Welfare Department of Ayush Department of Health Research Department of AIDS Control Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY):The JSY launched in 2005 aims to bring down the MMR by promoting institutional deliveries conducted by skilled birth attendants. In addition, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), a new initiative to eliminate out of pocket expenses for pregnant women and sick neonates which entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to an absolutely no expenses delivery covering free delivery including Caesarean, free drugs, diagnostics, blood and diet, and free transport from home to institution including during referrals, is also in operation. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya karyakram launched(February 2013) The purpose of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram is to improve survival, development and quality of life of children in the age group of 0 to 18 years through early detection of Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies, Development Delays including Disability and follow-up management. The child health screening services builds on the existing school health services and will be provided through dedicated mobile health teams placed in every block. The block level dedicated mobile medical health teams would comprise of trained doctors and paramedics. The teams will screen children in the age group 0 6 years at Anganwadi centres besides screening of all children enrolled in Government and Government aided schools from class1to class12. The newborns will be screened for birth defects in health facilities where deliveries take place and during the home visits by ASHA RBSK envisages to cover 30 common health conditions prevalent in children for early detection and free intervention and treatment. There is a provision for District Early Intervention Centres at the district level for management of cases referred from the blocks and further referral to tertiary level health services in case of need. Existing services offered by Ministry of Women and Child Development, Social Justice and Empowerment and Education will also be optimally utilized. The programme would cover all States and UTs in the country in a phased manner. Regular health screening and early intervention can yield rich dividends. Around 15 lakh children are born with defects, which contributes to 10% of neonatal mortality in our country. Many children suffer from developmental delays, diseases and deficiencies specific to childhood which, if unattended, become severely debilitating and a source of suffering for the entire family. Adolescent Health Division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare implements three programmes viz Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health Programme (ARSH), Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS) and Weekly Iron Supplementation Programme (WIFS).

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1. Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health programme (ARSH) focuses on the reproductive and sexual health in order to influence the health seeking behaviour of adolescents. Interventions are designed to meet the service needs of adolescents through public health systems. The programme focuses on counselling services and routine check-up at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care is provided on fixed days and fixed time to married and unmarried adolescents, girls and boys through Stand Alone and fixed day clinics. As of now a total of 5207 clinics are functional against a target of 6280. In addition to this, Peer Educators at village level have been enrolled in 17 States and UTs. 2. Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) The Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme has been launched to meet the challenge of high prevalence of anaemia amongst adolescent girls and boys. The long term goal is to break the intergenerational cycle of anaemia, the short term benefits is of a nutritionally improved human capital. Programme has been implemented across the country both rural and urban areas and will cover 13 crores adolescents - 6 crore girls and boys enrolled in class VI-XII of government and government aided school and 7 crores out of school girls. 3. Scheme for Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene (MHS): The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has introduced a scheme for promotion of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 years in rural areas. The scheme is being implemented in 152 districts across 20 states in the country, wherein supply in 107 districts is through central procurement and in 45 districts production with quality assurance guidelines is through local Self Help Groups. The sanitary napkin packs (containing 6 pieces each) is branded as Freedays.

National Programme for the Health of Elderly The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has launched National Programme for the Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE) during 11th Plan period to address various health related problems of elderly people, keeping in view the recommendations made in the National Policy on Older Persons as well as the States obligation under the Maintenance & Welfare of Parents & Senior Citizens Act 2007. The aim of the NPHCE programme is to provide separate and specialized comprehensive healthcare to the senior citizens at various level of State healthcare delivery system including outreach services. The major components of the NPHCE during 11th Five Year Plan were establishment of 30 bedded Department of Geriatric in 8 identified Regional Medical Institutions (Regional Geriatric Centres) in different parts of the country and to provide dedicated health care facilities in District Hospitals, CHCs, PHCs and Sub Centres in 100 identified districts of 21 States. The programme is being implemented in a phased manner and initially 100 districts have been selected from 21 States in 11th FYP. It is proposed to cover more districts under the programme and develop 12 additional Regional Geriatric Centres in selected Medical Colleges of the country during 12th Five Year Plan . Cancer Prevention Programme Health is a state subject. Central Government supplements the efforts of the State Governments by focusing on early detection of Cancer, health education and creating awareness. Awareness campaign is also carried out through print and electronic media. A manual for Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) has been made in which awareness about breast cancer is available.

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Government of India had launched a comprehensive National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010. The Programme envisages implementation in 100 districts across 21 States during 2010-12. Under Cancer component of NPCDCS, the district hospitals are strengthened for early diagnosis of cancer and day care, chemotherapy facilities. Early cancer detection done at districts level through opportunistic screening mainly for Oral, Breast and Cervical Cancer. Budget Allocation (Plan) for 2013-14 NPCDCS for activities under National Health Mission is Rs. 300 crores and under Health Sector for Tertiary Cancer Care is Rs. 365 crores

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting : National e-governance plan (NGEP). Following schemes are under it1.CSC- Capacity service Centres The CSC Scheme as approved by Government of India in September 2006 for setting up of 100,000+ (one lakh) internet enabled centres in rural areas under the National e-Governance plan (NeGP) is being implemented in a Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode As on 31st December 2012, a total of 99,247 CSCs are operational in thirty three States/UTs.

2. State Data Centre-SDC State Data Centre (SDC) has been identified as one of the important element of the core infrastructure for supporting e-Governance initiatives of National eGovernance Plan (NeGP). Under NeGP, it is proposed to create State Data Centres for the States to consolidate services, applications and infrastructure to provide efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C and G2B services. These services can be rendered by the States through common delivery platform seamlessly supported by core Connectivity Infrastructure such as State Wide Area Network (SWAN) and Common Service Centre (CSC) connectivity extended up to village level As on 2nd September 2011, SDCs in 14 States have been operational

3. State wide area network (SWAN). Department of IT in Government of India is implementing an approved Scheme known as State Wide Area Network (SWAN) Scheme, envisaged to create such a connectivity in each State / UT, to bring speed, efficiency, reliability and accountability in overall system of Government-toGovernment (G2G) functioning. When fully implemented, SWAN would work as a converged backbone network for voice, video and data communications across each State / UT. SWAN is designed to cater to the governance information and communication requirements of all the State / UT Departments. Implementation of the SWAN Scheme is in full swing in 33 States/ UTs and the Department of IT has so far approved an outlay of Rs. 1965 Crores of GIA for this purpose.

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4. Capacity Building Scheme The NeGP vision is to Make all Government Services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man It is envisaging making e- districts.

Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) are individual projects within the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) that focus on one aspect of electronic governance, such as banking, land records or commercial taxes etc. Within NeGP, "mission mode" implies that projects have clearly defined objectives, scopes, and implementation timelines and milestones, as well as measurable outcomes and service levels. NeGP comprises 31 mission mode projects (MMPs), which are further classified as state, central or integrated projects. Each state government can also define five MMPs specific to its individual needs

Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India (GoI) has developed a new and more comprehensive vision for clean-up and conservation of the Ganga, led by the establishment of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) in 2009. The NGRBA has been given a mandate to develop a multi-sector program (the NGRBA Program) for ensuring pollution abatement in the Ganga. Structure and legal basis of the NGRBA The NGRBA has been established as a collaborative institution of central and state governments. It is chaired by the Prime Minister, with membership comprising of key GoI ministers and the Chief Ministers of the five basin states. NGRBA also has nine members representing civil society. Each of the five states(UP, UK, Bihar, Jharkhand, WB) has constituted a State Ganga River Conservation Authority (SGRCA), to coordinate and implement the NGRBA Program at the state level. The NGRBA is constituted under the Environment Protection Act of 1986, which gives it strong regulatory and enforcement powers. (NAPCC covered separately towards the end) Ministry of Human Resources and development Schemes for elementary education: Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)/Right to Education (RTE):The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act 2009, legislating Article 21A of the Constitution of India, became operational in the country on 1 April 2010. It implies that every child has a right to elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality in a formal school which satisfies certain essential norms and standards. SSA has been operational since 2000-2001 to provide for a variety of interventions for universal access and retention, bridging of gender and social category gaps in elementary education and improving the quality of learning. SSA interventions include inter alia, opening of new schools and alternate schooling facilities, construction of schools and additional classrooms, toilets and drinking water, provisioning for teachers, periodic teacher training and academic resource support, textbooks and support for learning achievement. With the passage of the RTE Act, changes have been incorporated into the SSA approach,

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strategies and norms. The changes encompass the vision and approach to elementary education, guided by the following principles: (i) Holistic view of education, as interpreted in the National Curriculum Framework 2005 (ii) Equity, to mean not only equal opportunity, but also creation of conditions in which the disadvantaged sections of the society children of SC, ST, Muslim minority, landless agricultural workers and children with special needs, etc. can avail of the opportunity. (iii) Access, not to be confined to ensuring that a school becomes accessible to all children within specified distance but implies an understanding of the educational needs and predicament of the traditionally excluded categories the SC, ST and others sections of the most disadvantaged groups, the Muslim minority, girls in general, and children with special needs. (iv) Gender concern, implying not only an effort to enable girls to keep pace with boys but to view education in the perspective spelt out in the National Policy on Education 1986 /92; i.e. a decisive intervention to bring about a basic change in the status of women. (v) Centrality of teacher, to motivate them to innovate and create a culture in the classroom, and beyond the classroom, that might produce an inclusive environment for children, especially for girls from oppressed and marginalised backgrounds. (vi) Moral compulsion is imposed through the RTE Act on parents, teachers, educational administrators and other stakeholders, rather than shifting emphasis on punitive processes. (vii) Convergent and integrated system of educational management is pre-requisite for implementation of the RTE law. All states must move in that direction as speedily as feasible Mid-day Meals (MDM): Under the MDM, cooked midday meals are provided to all children attending Classes I-VIII in government, local body, government-aided, and National Child Labour Project (NCLP) schools. Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS)/ alternate and innovative education centres including madarsas /maqtabs supported under the SSA across the country are also covered under this programme. At present the cooked midday meal provides an energy content of 450 calories and protein content of 12 grams at primary stage and an energy content of 700 calories and protein content of 20 grams at upper primary stage. Adequate quantity of micro-nutrients like iron, folic acid, and vitamin A are also recommended for convergence with the NRHM. The MDM-MIS has been launched to monitor the scheme and annual data entries for about 11.08 lakh schools have been completed. The MDM-MIS will be integrated with the Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) meant to capture the information from the schools within a span of 1 hour on daily basis to monitor the scheme. Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Minority Institutes (IDMI) IDMI has been operationalised to augment Infrastructure in Private Aided/Unaided Minority Schools/Institutions in order to enhance quality of education to minority children. The salient features of IDMI scheme are:i.The scheme would facilitate education of minorities by augmenting and strengthening school infrastructure in Minority Institutions in order to expand facilities for formal education to children of minority communities. ii. The scheme will cover the entire country but, preference will be given to minority institutions (private aided/unaided schools) located in districts, blocks and towns having a minority population above 20%, iii. The scheme will inter alia encourage educational facilities for girls, children with special needs and those who are most deprived educationally amongst minorities.

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iv. The scheme will fund infrastructure development of private aided/unaided minority institutions to the extent of 75% and subject to a maximum of Rs. 50 lakhs per institution for strengthening of educational infrastructure and physical facilities in the existing school including (i) additional classrooms, (ii) science / computer lab rooms, (iii) library rooms, (iv) toilets, (v) drinking water facilities and (vi) hostel buildings for children especially for girls. SPQEM : Scheme to Provide Quality Education in Madrasas SPQEM seeks to bring about qualitative improvement in Madrasas to enable Muslim children attain standards of the national education system in formal education subjects. The salient features of SPQEM scheme are: i.To strengthen capacities in Madrasas for teaching of the formal curriculum subjects like Science, Mathematics, Language, Social Studies etc. through enhanced payment of teacher honorarium. ii.Training of such teachers every two years in new pedagogical practices. iii.Providing Science labs, Computer labs with annual maintenance costs in the secondary and higher secondary stage madrasas. iv.Provision of Science/Mathematics kits in primary/upper primary level madrassas. v.Strengthening of libraries/book banks and providing teaching learning materials at all levels of madrasas. vi.The unique feature of this modified scheme is that it encourages linkage of Madrasas with National Institute for Open Schooling (NIOS), as accredited centres for providing formal education, which will enable children studying in such Madrasas to get certification for class 5, 8, 10 and 12. This will enable them to transit to higher studies and also ensure that quality standards akin to the national education system. Registration & examination fees to the NIOS will be covered under this scheme as also the teaching learning materials to be used. vii.The NIOS linkage will be extended under this scheme for Vocational Education at the secondary and higher secondary stage of Madrasas. viii.For the monitoring and popularization of the scheme it will fund State Madrasa Boards. GoI will itself run periodic evaluations, the first within two years. The objective of Scheme for Providing Quality Education in Madrasas (SPQEM) is to provide financial assistance and encourage traditional institutions like Madarsas and Maktabs to introduce Science, Mathematics, Social Studies, Hindi and English in their curriculum so that children studying in these institutions gain academic proficiency for Classes I-XII. However, the process of modernization of traditional Maktabs is voluntary. SPQEM provides financial assistance for appointment of teachers to teach modern subjects, establishment of computers and science laboratories in Madarsas of Secondary and Higher Secondary level, as also strengthening of libraries and book banks at all levels. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) is a scheme launched in July 2004, for setting up residential schools at upper primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and minority communities. The scheme is being implemented in educationally backward blocks of the country where the female rural literacy is below the national average and gender gap in literacy is above the national average.

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The scheme provides for a minimum reservation of 75% of the seats for girls belonging to SC, ST, OBC or minority communities and priority for the remaining 25%, is accorded to girls from families below poverty line. Mahila Samkhya Scheme The Mahila Samakhya programme was initiated in 1989 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development under the Department of Education. It was born out of the New Education Policy of 1986, which stressed the need for an intervention to create gender equality through womens education. The programme is currently being implemented in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Gujrat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttarkhand and Uttar Pradesh. Mahila Samakhya views education as a tool for empowering women. To Mahila Samakhya education does not mean merely imparting literacy, but building awareness and skills in women, so as to affect change in their lives and society. The MS scheme recognizes the centrality of education in empowering women to achieve equality. The Mahila Sanghas or womens collectives at the village level provide the women a space to me et, reflect, ask questions and articulte their thoughts and needs and make informed choices. The Mahila Sanghas through various programmes and awareness campaigns have brought about a change in the outlook of rural women and the effects can now be seen in various facets of life at home within the family, the community and at the block and panchayat levels. The programme has also focused on awarness of the need to educate the children, especially girls, to give the equal status and opportunities which has resulted in a direct impact on enrolment and retention of girls in schools. Mahila Samakhya seeks to bring about a change in the perceptions of women and of society of the traditional roles of women. Secondary education: Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): The RMSA was launched in March 2009 with the objective of enhancing access to secondary education and improving its quality. It is envisaged to achieve an enrolment rate of 75% from 52.26% in 2005-06 at secondary stage within 5 years of implementation of the scheme by providing a secondary school within a reasonable distance of any habitation. The other objectives include improving quality of education imparted at secondary level through making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms, removing gender, socio-economic and disability barriers, providing universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of 12th Five Year Plan and achieving universal retention by 2020. An amount of `3124 crore was allocated to the scheme in 2012-13, of which ` 2264.81 crore (as on 31.12.12) had been released to 22 states for construction of new school buildings and to existing secondary schools for strengthening of infrastructure, salary of teachers and staff sanctioned under the RMSA, learning enhancement programmes, equity interventions, etc. Implementation mechanism of the Scheme.

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The scheme is being implemented by the State government societies established for implementation of the scheme. The central share is released to the implementing agency directly. The applicable State share is also released to the implementing agency by the respective State Governments. The Scheme of Inclusive Education for Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS) has been launched from the year 2009-10. Aims To enable all students with disabilities, after completing eight years of elementary schooling, to pursue further four years of secondary schooling in an inclusive and enabling environment. Objectives The scheme covers all children studying at secondary stage in Government, local body and Governmentaided schools, with one or more disabilities as defined under the Persons with Disabilities Act (1995) and the National Trust Act (1999) in the class IX to XII. Girls with disabilities receive special focus to help them gain access to secondary schools, as also to information and guidance for their developing potential. Setting up of Model inclusive schools in every State is envisaged. National Scheme of Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education To promote enrolment of girl child in the age group of 14-18 at secondary stage, especially those who passed Class VIII and to encourage the secondary education of such girls, the Centrally Sponsored Scheme. A sum of Rs.3,000/- is deposited in the name of eligible girls as fixed deposit. The girls are entitled to withdraw the sum along with interest thereon on reaching 18 years of age and on passing 10th class examination Saakshar Bharat

The Mission goes beyond 3 Rs (i.e. Reading, Writing & Arithmetic) ; for it also seeks to create awareness of social disparities and a persons deprivation on the means for its amelioration and general well being. The Central and State Governments, Panchayati Raj Institutions, NGOs and Civil Society need to work in unison to realize dream to create a literate India. Saakshar Bharat has been formulated with the objective of achieving 80% literacy level by 2012 at national level, by focusing on adult women literacy seeking to reduce the gap between male and female literacy to not more than 10 percentage points .

The mission has four broader objectives, namely imparting functional literacy and numeracy to non-literates; acquiring equivalency to formal educational system; imparting relevant skill development programme; and promote a leaning society by providing opportunities for continuing education. The principal target of the mission is to impart functional literacy to 70 million non-literate adults in the age group of 15 years and beyond. .

Eligibility criteria for coverage under Saakshar Bharat. - A district, including a new district carved out of an erstwhile district that had adult female literacy rate of 50 per cent or below, as

P a g e | 43 per 2001 census, is eligible for coverage under the Saakshar Bharat programme. In addition, all left wing extremism-affected districts, irrespective of their literacy rate, are also eligible for coverage under the programme. There were 365 districts in the country that had adult female literacy rate of 50 per cent or below. Home Ministry has declared 35 districts as left wing extremism affected districts. However, 30 left wing extremism affected districts also had adult female literacy of 50 per cent or below. Therefore, 370 is the net number of districts that qualify for coverage under the programme. Since 2001, several eligible districts have been bifurcated or trifurcated. This has raised the total number of eligible districts to 410 out of which 35 are left wing extremism affected districts. Programme provides for coverage of only rural areas in the eligible district.

Ministry of culture:

National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) has been established by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India in February 2003. India possesses an estimate of five million manuscripts, probably the largest collection in the world. It seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. It aims to locate, document, preserve and render these accessibleto connect India's past with its future, its memory with its aspirations.

India's culture minister is the Chairperson of the mission. Objectives Document each and every manuscript and manuscript repository, for a National Electronic Database that currently contains information on one million manuscripts making this the largest database on Indian manuscripts in the world.

Locate manuscripts through national level Survey and Post-Survey. Conserve manuscripts incorporating both modern and indigenous methods of conservation and training a new generation of manuscript conservators.

To train the next generation of scholars in various aspects of Manuscript Studies like languages, scripts and critical editing and cataloguing of texts and conservation of manuscripts.

To promote access to manuscripts by digitizing the rarest and most endangered manuscripts To promote access to manuscripts through publication of critical editions of unpublished manuscripts and catalogues.

To facilitate public's engagement with manuscripts through lectures, seminars, publications and other outreach programmes National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities was launched on 19th March 2007

Objectives: The objective for undertaking the National Mission on Monuments & Sites and Antiquities is to develop a national database with a view to enhances access to the students, scholars, researchers and to the general public and preserve it for the posterity. The main

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emphasis should be to improve awareness about cultural inheritance and encourage their use for educational and research purposes for lifelong learning. Scope: it proposes to launch its activities throughout the country with independent functional strategy in each state and union territory. It is envisaged that mandate of the Mission should be achieved within a stipulated time frame of five years i.e. 2007-2012

Zonal Cultural Centres have been conceptualized with the aim of projecting cultural kinships, which transcend territorial boundaries. The idea is to arouse and deepen awareness of the local cultures and to show how these merge into Zonal identities and eventually into the rich diversity of India's composite culture. At present, there are seven ZCCs in the country

The various activities conducted by the ZCCs are as follows: National Cultural Exchange Programme: With a view to present art forms of one region to another and expose the diverse cultural heritage of each region to the rest of the country, the folk/tribal artistes are sent on exchange manner to participate in the programmes organized by the seven Zonal Cultural Centres

Shilpagram Activities: ZCCs have set up Shilpagrams at Chandigarh, Khajuraho, Udaipur, Guwahati, Allahabad and Shantiniketan to encourage various forms of folk/tribal arts and crafts from rural India. These Shilpagrams are attracting a large number of domestic as well as foreign visitors.

Loktarang National Folk Dance Festival held in Delhi every year. OCTAVE - Festival of the North East: All the ZCCs participate in these National level festivals organized every year in New Delhi and/or other places

The National Cultural Fund (NCF) was established by the Ministry of Culture in 1996 as a Trust under the Charitable Endowments Act. 1890. NCF`s primary mandate is to establish and nurture Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in the field of heritage. NCF`s role is to catalyze relationships between private, public, government, non-government agencies, private institutions and foundations and mobilize resources for the restoration, conservation, protection and development of India`s rich, natural, tangible and intangible heritage. NCF provides donors with 100% tax benefit under section 80G (2) of the Income Tax Act and acknowledges the generous contributions of the donor. Presently, NCF already has such partnerships for the conservation of monuments with some Public Sector Undertakings like the NTPC, ONGC, SAIL, IOC, HUDCO, REC etc and also with Private sector companies.

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Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation JNNURM: . Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) focuses on integrated development of urban infrastructure & services in selected 63 cities with emphasis on provision of basic services to the urban poor including housing, water supply, sanitation, road network, urban transport, development of inner (old) city areas etc. The remaining urban areas are covered through Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) for infrastructure and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Scheme (IHSDP) for housing for urban poor and slum development, which are part of JNNURM. The main components under the scheme are- all urban infrastructure development projects including water supply and sewerage. Finance will be provided for acquiring private land for projects/schemes in the North Eastern States and Hilly States of Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Jammu and Kashmir, and for other places Land cost will not be financed. For this big projects like Bus rapid Transit system(BRTS), desalination projects, drainage system, water supply projects have been undertaken. Admissible Components: The Scheme Will Cover The Following Areas: Development of old city areas including road broadening, and shifting of industrial/commercial establishments from non-conforming (inner-city) to conforming (outer city) areas to reduce congestion, and other allied works Water Supply including de-salination plants and sanitation. Drainage maagement Improved sanitation across the cities. Construction/Up gradation of Roads, Highways/Expressways. Parking lots / spaces on Public Private Partnership basis. Development of Heritage Areas. Prevention & rehabilitation of soil erosion / landslides only in case of Special Category States where such problems are common and, Preservation of Water Bodies. The Mission shall comprise two Sub- Missions, namely: (1) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance: This will be administered by the Ministry of Urban Development through the Sub- Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure and Governance. The main thrust of the Sub-Mission will be on infrastructure projects relating to water supply and sanitation, sewerage, solid waste management, road network, urban transport and redevelopment of old city areas with a view to upgrading infrastructure therein, shifting industrial and commercial establishments to conforming areas, etc. (2) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor: This will be administered by the Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation through the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor. The main thrust of the Sub-Mission will be on integrated development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services and other related civic amenities with a view to providing utilities to the urban poor. The objectives of the Mission shall be met through the adoption of the following strategy: (1) Preparing City Development Plan: Every city will be expected to formulate a City Development Plan (CDP) indicating policies, programmes and strategies, and financing plans. (2) Preparing Projects: The CDP would facilitate identification of projects.

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The Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) / parastatal agencies will be required to prepare Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for undertaking projects in the identified spheres. In order to seek JNNURM assistance, projects would need to be developed in a manner that would ensure and demonstrate optimisation of the life-cycle costs over the planning horizon of the project. (3) Release and Leveraging of Funds: It is expected that the JNNURM assistance would serve to catalyse the flow of investment into the urban infrastructure sector across the country. Funds from the Central and State Government will flow directly to the nodal agency designated by the State, as grants-in-aid. The funds for identified projects across cities would be disbursed to the ULB/Parastatal agency through the designated State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) as soft loan or grant-cum-loan or grant. The SLNA / ULBs in turn would leverage additional resources from other sources. (4) Incorporating Private Sector Efficiencies: In order to optimise the life-cycle costs over the planning horizon, private sector efficiencies can be inducted in development, management, implementation and financing of projects, through Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements. Inadmissible Components for JNNURM Assistance Projects pertaining to the following are not eligible for JNNURM assistance: (1) Power (2) Telecom (3) Health (4) Education (5) Wage employment programme and staff components. (6) Creation of fresh employment opportunities Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) Rajiv Awas Yojana is a new scheme under JNNURM aiming Slum Free Cities in India. Each State has to prepare a Slum-Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA). The preparatory phase of Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) that is preparing SFCPoA has been launched by Kerala Government and Kudumbashree. Mission has been nominated as State Level Nodal Agency. Government of India had given sanction to prepare Slum-Free City Plan of Action for 5 Corporations (Trivandrum, Kollam, Kochi, Trichur and Kozhikode) of Kerala. At present the main work in Kudumbashree under RAY is Preparation of Slum Free City Plan by conducting detailed MIS based socioeconomic survey, GIS based geo-referenced mapping including total station survey. The scheme is expected to cover about 250 cities, mostly with population of more than one lakh across the country by the end of 12th Plan (2017). The scheme will progress at the pace set by the States. As per the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs decision, the Centre will bear 50 per cent of the cost of slum re-development. To encourage creation of affordable housing stock, the existing schemes of Affordable Housing in Partnership and Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor have been dovetailed into RAY.In order to encourage private sector participation in slum re-development, Central assistance can be used by the States and cities towards viability gap funding. Credit enablement of the urban poor and the flow of institutional finance for affordable housing is an important component of the scheme. The government has agreed to establish a mortgage risk guarantee fund to facilitate lending the urban poor for housing purposes with an initial corpus of Rs. 1000 crore. The scheme has been designed on the basis of experience of the Jawaharlal National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) sub-mission of Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) and the Integrated Housing and Urban Development Programme (HSDP). Urban Transport: HUA Division addresses policy issues concerning urban transport projects including metro projects. The projects relating to Integrated Transport Plan/Mobility Plan and Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) are processed for in principle approval/EFC/PIB.

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SJSRY : Swarna Jayanati Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) aims to encourage urban self-employment through subsidy and loan with a component of skill development training on a funding pattern of 75:25 between Centre and States. This scheme is now being revamped in the Eleventh Five Year Plan by bringing new focus on new skill requirements. Towards this end, a number of new trades have been identified for capacity building through: Skill development- PPP mode Self help groups Self employment skills plus facilitation of credit for setting up self-employment.

Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor: The proposed Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor initiated by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation is being dealt by this Division. In addition, HUA Division has been closely associated with the formulation of National Urban Transport Policy, National Housing and Habitat Policy, National Street Vendor Policy, National Sanitation Policy etc. HUA Division also looks oversees the activities of National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) and National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) and other institutes engaged in urban development. HUA is a Nodal Division in Planning Commission for processing the Plan schemes and plan allocation for Ministry of Home Affairs and Department of Justice. The major Plan schemes of Ministry of Home Affairs include Police Housing for Central Para Military Forces and Delhi Police, Modernization of Delhi Police, Development of infrastructure in extremist affected areas, Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and System, National Disaster Management; Official Language, etc. Plan schemes of Registrar General of Indiaviz., Improvement in Vital Statistics System and National Population Register are also processed in HUA.

Integrated low Cost Sanitation Scheme The obnoxious practice of Manual scavenging still survives in parts of India without proper sewage systems. Government in an effort to abolish manual scavenging launched Centrally Sponsored Integrated low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS) which envisages conversion of dry latrines into water seal twin-pit sanitary latrines. The scheme is currently implemented by Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation directly. Objective of the scheme: The objective of the Scheme is to convert/construct low cost sanitation units through sanitary two pit pour flush latrines with superstructures and appropriate variations to suit local conditions and construct new latrines where EWS Household have no latrines. The Scheme does not entail a loan component. Note: HUDCO will not be involved directly in the implementation of the Scheme. Beneficiaries : EWS households only. Funding : Central Subsidy 75%, State Subsidy 15% and beneficiary share 10%. Note: The States will select NGOs having adequate experience in this field who will be funded to a maximum extent of 15% over and above the total project cost to be borne by the Centre and States.

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Amount :

Ministry of Panchayati Raj(MoPR) PEAIS: Panchayat Empowerment Accountability Incentive Scheme (PEAIS) was implemented by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) in 2005-06 to motivate states to empower the Panchayats by devolving Funds, Functions and Functionaries (3Fs). The scheme aims at encouraging the States for empowering the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and putting in place mechanism for transparency and accountability of the PRIs. Performance of the States in these respects is measured through a Devolution Index (DI) formulated by an independent institution. A token award is also given to the States, for which the annual provision is currently at Rs. 10 crore.

Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) was launched in 2007.This programme signifies a new approach to addressing persistent regional imbalances in development. This Programme covers 250 districts in 27 States. The BRGF, which aims to catalyze development in backward areas, was approved by the CCEA in August, 2006. In its present form, the BRGF has two components, namely district component covering 272 backward districts in 27 states (including 22 additional districts covered in 2012-13) and state component which includes the special plan for Bihar, the special plan for the KBK districts of Odisha and the special plan for West Bengal (covered in 2011-12) and Bundelkhand Package (covered in 2009-10). The Special plans for Bihar,Kalahandi-Bolangir-Koraput(KBK districts) in Orissa and Bundelkhand region of U.P and M.P will continue over 12 th Plan

Objectives: It is designed to redress regional imbalances in development by way of providing financial resources for supplementing and converging existing developmental inflows into the identified backward districts, so as to: Bridge critical gaps in local infrastructure and other development requirements that are not being adequately met through existing inflows, Important Features: Top-down plans to participative plans prepared from the grassroots level upwards.

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The guidelines of the Programme entrust the central role in planning and implementation of the programme to Panchayats in rural areas, municipalities in urban areas and District Planning Committees at the district level constituted in accordance with Article 243 ZD of the Constitution to consolidate the plans of the Panchayats and Municipalities into the draft district plan.

Special provisions have been made in the guidelines for those districts in J&K, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura which do not have Panchayats, where village level bodies and institutions mandated under other frameworks such as the Sixth Schedule are to plan and implement the programme. The conviction that drives this new locally driven approach is that grassroots level democratic institutions know best the dimensions of poverty in their areas. Three features that make it truly unique among central initiatives to combat backwardness:

First, the approach of putting the Panchayats and the Municipalities at the centre stage of planning and implementation.

Second, no Central funding stream is as untied as the BRGF the funds can be applied to any preference of the Panchayat/ Municipality, so long as it fills a development gap and the identification of the work is decided with peoples participation.

Third, no other programme spends as much funds, nearly 11 percent of the total allocation, for capacity building and staff provisioning. Creation of capacity for effective planning at district and lower level is a key-pre-requisite to participative planning. Hence the BRGF contains a specific component for the capacity building of Panchayati Raj Institutions of Rs. 250 crore per year. A framework that looks upon capacity building in a very comprehensive fashion, encompassing training, hand holding and providing ongoing support to Panchayat elected representatives has been developed for States to follow, while undertaking capacity building.

The basket of works taken up includes construction of school buildings /class rooms, health subcentres, drinking water facility, sanitation facilities, anganwadi buildings, Panchayat buildings, irrigation tanks/channels, street lights, link roads, culverts, soil and water conservation measures, etc.

BRGF Capacity Building Grants: The BRGF has adopted the National Capability Building Framework (the NCBF) which envisages strengthening of institutional arrangements, including the infrastructure as well as software support for capacity building of elected representatives, the functionaries and other stakeholders of PRIs. BRGF funds are being used for critical gap filling in respect of infrastructure and human development indices.

World Bank conducted an independent evaluation of the BRGF programme in 16 districts in 8 States. The key findings of the evaluation were that though the funds allocated under BRGF are small, meaningful investments are made by the communities in projects that are chosen in a decentralised participatory manner. The evaluation report pointed out that the BRGF funds are the single most

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important source of discretionary funds available to the Panchayats. The study also suggested that outlays should be enhanced in order to be more effective Under the BRGF, the participatory plans prepared by each Panchayat and Municipality will be consolidated into the district plan by the District Planning Committee. Integrated Action Plan to Develop Tribal and backward Districts in LWE Areas The Integrated Action Plan (IAP) for Selected Tribal and Backward Districts under the BRGF programme will cover 82 districts. The IAP has been implemented (2010-13) with a block grant of Rs.25 crore and Rs.30 crore per district during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively. A Committee headed by District Collector/District Magistrate and consisting of the Superintendent of Police of the District and the District Forest Officer will be responsible for implementation of this scheme. The District-level Committee will have the flexibility to spend the amount for development schemes according to need as assessed by it. The Committee should draw up a Plan consisting of concrete proposals for public infrastructure and services such as School Buildings, Anganwadi Centres, Primary Health Centres, Drinking Water Supply, Village Roads,Electric Lights in public places such as PHCs and Schools etc." . A suitable form of consultation is to be ensured with the local Members of Parliament on the schemes to be taken up the under the IAP. The State Government will release the funds directly into the bank account opened for this purpose by the District Collector or District Magistrate. The State Government will ensure that funds are transferred to this bank account within 15 days of the release of the funds to the Consolidated Fund of the State Government failing which the State Government should transfer to the district penal interest at RBI rate. Parameters to Qualify under IAP While formulating the scheme, the Planning Commission considered that the scheme should not be limited only to the severely LWE affected districts but other tribal and backward districts also. (a) Whether the district is included in the list of 83 SRE districts identified by the Ministry of Home Affairs; (b) Whether the tribal population exceeds 25%; (c) Whether the forest area exceeds 30%; (d) Whether the poverty ratio in the district exceeds 50%; and (e) Whether the district is covered under the Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF). Districts meeting four of the above-mentioned five criteria and forming a contiguous block were selected for coverage under the proposed scheme Monitoring----Done by Planning Commission The Development Commissioner of the State/equivalent officer in charge of development in the State is responsible for scrutiny of expenditure and monitoring of the IAP in the State. States are required to send district-wise monthly progress reports in the prescribed format and also upload the information on the Management Information System(MIS) along with photographs of the works.

Rashtryira Gaurav Gram Sabha (RGGS) Puraskar 2011: In order to appreciate and devise an appropriate structure of incentives and to recognize and encourage the Panchayats for outstanding performance through effective Gram Sabhas, especially in respect of improvements in the social and

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economic structure of the village, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj has instituted National level Awards for Best Gram Sabhas and name it as Rashtriya Gaurav Gram Sabha. The broad objective for instituting this award is to incentivise excellence in performance of Gram Panchayats through effective gram sabhas e-Governance Project for Panchayati Raj Institutions (e-PRI) is identified as one of the Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) under NeGP. It proposes to provide a whole range of IT related services such as Decentralized Database & Planning, PRI Budgeting & Accounting, Implementation & monitoring of Central and State sector schemes, Citizen-centric Services, Unique codes to Panchayats and Individuals, Essential GIS based applications, On-line Self-learning medium for elected representatives and official functionaries. e-PRI envisages providing computing facilities along with connectivity to panchayats. Information and Service Needs Assessment, Business Process Engineering and Detailed Budget Reports for 27 States has already been done and the Project is ready for roll out.

Rural Business Hubs (RBH) The RBH scheme has been started in 2007, to spread the benefits of Indias rapid economic development to the rural areas through the medium of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). RBH is a participatory development model for the rural areas of the country that is built on the platform of 4 P, i.e. PublicPrivate-Panchayat-Partnership. The RBH initiative is aimed at moving from mere livelihood support to promoting rural prosperity, increasing rural non-farm incomes and augmenting rural employment. 35 districts have been identified for focused RBH intervention in consultation with State Governments. Services of reputed organizations have been enlisted as Gateway Agencies for supporting Panchayats in identification of potential RBHs and their development. Financial assistance to 49 projects has been extended for establishment of RBH. RBH is being evaluated for possible upscaling in the future In order to strengthen panchayati raj and decentralised democratic governance in India, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) has announced the Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA). This scheme is to be launched during the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17). Under RGPSA, states are expected to prepare perspective plans to strengthen their panchayati raj system. In order to give inputs and support to the states on their draft perspective plans, MoPR organised three regional workshops in collaboration with National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD), RGPSA includes a range of activities such as administrative and technical support to panchayats, infrastructure support, capacity building and training of elected representatives (ERs) of panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) and other functionaries, upgradation of institutional structures that provide training and capacity building to PRIs, promotion of active gram sabhas, appropriate accounting procedures and accountability processes such as social audit, and implementation of the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act. All states and union territories will be covered under RGPSA. To bring effectiveness and quality in RGPSA, 20 per cent of the scheme funds is linked (tied) with the states performance (2014 -15 onwards) Resources available for strengthening PRIs are controlled by state governments, e.g., the Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) where resources earmarked to build the capacities of PRIs are used by states as per their own discretion.

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Ministry of commerce: ASIDE Scheme---by Department of Commerce Objective The objective of the ASIDE (Central Assistance to States for Developing Export Infrastructure and other Allied Activities) scheme is to involve the states in the export effort by providing assistance to the State Governments for creating appropriate infrastructure for the development and growth of exports. Eligible Agencies Under the scheme, funds for the approved projects may be sanctioned to: Public Sector undertakings of Central/ State Governments Other agencies of Central/ State Governments Export Promotion Councils/ Commodity Boards Apex Trade bodies recognized under the the EXIM policy Individual Production/ Service Units dedicated to exports

Purposes of the Scheme The activities aimed at development of infrastructure for exports can be funded from the scheme provided such activities have an overwhelming export content and their linkage with exports is fully established. The specific purposes for which the funds allocated under the Scheme can be sanctioned and utilised are as follows: Creation of new Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) /Zones (including Special Economic Zones(SEZs)/Agri-Business Zones) and augmenting facilities in the existing ones. Setting up of electronic and other related infrastructure in export conclave. Equity participation in infrastructure projects including the setting up of SEZs. Meeting requirements of capital outlay of EPIPs/EPZs/SEZs Development of complementary infrastructure such as roads connecting the production centres with the ports, setting up of Inland Container Depots and Container Freight Stations, Stabilizing power supply through additional transformers and islanding of export production centres etc. Development of minor ports and jetties of a particular specification to serve export purpose. Assistance for setting up common effluent treatment facilities Projects of national and regional importance. Activities permitted as per EDF in relation to North East and Sikkim EPCG: India had two variants of EPCG Scheme viz. Zero Duty EPCG for few sectors 3% Duty EPCG for all sectors.

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On 5th June, 2012, a new Post Export EPCG Scheme was also announced which was notified on 18 February, 2013 by the CBEC.

From April 2013, the government has merged Zero Duty EPCG and 3% EPCG Scheme into one scheme which is now known as Zero Duty EPCG Scheme covering all sectors.

EPCG is a zero duty scheme which allows the import of capital goods such as machinery for preproduction, production and post production of export items. But it is not a free lunch. The duty free import by an exporter has to be paid back in the form of an export obligation equivalent to 6 times of duty saved on capital goods imported under EPCG scheme, to be fulfilled in 6 years reckoned from Authorization issue-date.

This means that if an exporter imports a tool making machine and saves an import duty of Rs. 100, he will have make the tools and export tools worth minimum Rs. 600 within 6 years.

Salient Features Authorization holders will have export obligation of 6 times the duty saved amount. The export obligation has to be completed in a period of 6 years. The period for import under the Scheme would be 18 months. Export obligation discharge by export of alternate products as well as accounting of exports of group companies will not be allowed.

The exporters, who have availed benefits under Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) administered by Ministry of Textiles, can also avail the benefit of Zero duty EPCG Scheme.

The import of motor cars, SUVs, all purpose vehicles for hotels, travel agents, or tour transport operators and companies owning/operating golf resorts will not allowed.

Reduced EO for Domestic Sourcing of Capital Goods: The quantum of specific Export Obligation (EO) in the case of domestic sourcing of capital goods under EPCG authorizations has been reduced by 10%. This would promote domestic manufacturing of capital goods.

Reduced EO for units in the State of Jammu & Kashmir In order to encourage manufacturing activity in the State of Jammu & Kashmir, it has been decided to reduce the specific export obligation (EO) to 25% of the normal export obligation. Earlier, this benefit was announced on 5th June, 2012 in respect of units located in North Eastern Region and Sikkim. This provision is now being extended to J&K

Ministry of Agriculture and Food Processing Departments

1)Department of Agriculture and Cooperation 2)Department of Animal Husbandry,Dairying and Fisheries 3) Department of Food Processing Industries 4)Department of Agricultural Research and Education

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Schemes under Department of Agriculture and Cooperation

National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is a Central Scheme of GOI launched in 2007 for 5 years (expires in 2012) to increase production and productivity of wheat, rice and pulses on a sustainable basis so as to ensure food security of the country. The aim is to bridge the yield gap in respect of these crops through dissemination of improved technologies and farm management practices. Salient Features: According to NFSM report, the total financial implications for the NFSM were to be Rs 4,882.48 crore during the XI Plan (2007-08 2011-12). The implementation of the NFSM would result in increasing the production of rice by 10 million ton, wheat by 8 million ton and pulses by 2 million ton by 2011-12. Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level. Creation of employment opportunities and enhancing farm level economy i.e. farm profits to restore confidence amongst the farmers. Beneficiaries can choose to draw loans from the Banks, in which case subsidy amount prescribed for a particular component for which the loan availed will be released to the Banks. Otherwise it is directly allocated to state government which distributes among them. Promotion and extension of improved technologies i.e., seed, Integrated Nutrient Management including micronutrients, soil amendments, IPM and resource conservation technologies along with capacity building of farmers. Subsidies are also given for farm instruments and technologies such as Rotovators, Sprinkler Sets, Multi Crop planters etc. Farmers and their dependents are eligible for this scheme. Productions of breeder seeds are done under ICAR while certified seeds and pulses are implemented by State and District agencies. For wheat and rice, these all are done by State Government agencies at district level or state level. Current Status: The targets of 11th five year exceeded and it was extended to 12th five year plan in 2012. In the 12th Plan, NFSM aims at raising the food grain production by 25 million tones. Besides rice, wheat and pulses, NFSM proposes to cover coarse cereals and fodder crops during the 12th plan period (2012-17). 11th plan covered 15 states under NFSM-Rice, 9 states under NFSM-Wheat and 16 States under NFSM Wheat. Hence, all states were not covered during 11th plan for NFSM. 12th plan aims to cover all the states of India with focus on low productive areas to bridge the yield gaps for additional production while stability in high production areas would be achieved through promotion of conservation agriculture practices. The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana is intended to mobilise higher investment in agriculture and the National Food Security Mission is intended to bridge yield gaps. I propose to provide `9,954 crore and `2,250 crore, respectively, for these two programmes. The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana aims at achieving 4% annual growth in the agriculture sector during the XI Plan period, by ensuring a holistic development of Agriculture and allied sectors. The main objectives of the scheme are: To incentivise the states so as to increase public investment in Agriculture and allied sectors. To provide flexibility and autonomy to states in the process of planning and executing Agriculture and allied sector schemes. To ensure the preparation of agriculture plans for the districts and the states based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources. To ensure that the local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans of the states.

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To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focussed interventions. To maximize returns to the farmers in Agriculture and allied sectors. To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various components of Agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner. The RKVY will be a State Plan Scheme. The eligibility for assistance under the scheme would depend upon the amount provided in State Plan Budgets for Agriculture and allied sectors, over and above the base line percentage expenditure incurred by the State Governments on Agriculture and allied sectors. Each state will ensure that the baseline share of agriculture in its total State Plan expenditure (excluding the assistance under the RKVY) is at least maintained, and upon its doing so, it will be able to access the RKVY funds. The base line would be a moving average and the average of the previous three years will be taken into account for determining the eligibility under the RKVY, after excluding the funds already received. The RKVY funds would be provided to the states as 100% grant by the Central Government. The process of determining eligibility under the RKVY is illustrated in Annexure-I. The states are required to prepare the Agriculture Plans for the districts and the state that comprehensively cover resources and indicate definite action plans. RKVY is an incentive scheme so money is not allocated to the states automatically. The more the states encourage the agriculture and allied fields, the more incentive they get from central government. However, high level of flexibility has been provided to the states including at the level of the state Government. How money flows? The Nodal department for the scheme in the states is the State Agriculture Department. The department is required to take appropriate steps for identification of the projects that are important for agriculture, horticulture and allied sector development. If the government of the state is in hurry, it can also constitute an agency by notification for implementation of the RKVY. If the state does so, the funds would be disbursed to this agency but the administrative expenses of such agency cannot exceed 1% of total allocation under RKVY. This agency or the state department of agriculture will ensure the preparation of the DAPs (District Action Plans) and preparing the SAP (State Action Plan). A District Agriculture Plan (DAP) for each district should be formulated as per the Planning Commission guidelines. The DAP should include clear roadmap of the sectors. Then, the comprehensive State Agriculture Plan (SAP) should evolve out of the DAPs. Finalized SAP should be placed by the State Planning Department before the Department of Agriculture /Planning Commission, as a part of the State Plan Exercise. The determination of eligibility is done by Planning Commission. How much money should be allocated is also determined by the Planning Commission. Outlay The total outlay of this scheme was kept ` 25,000 Crore for the 11th plan period in the form of Additional Central Assistance (ACA). Thus it became the biggest scheme in the agriculture sector. Despite the fact that India has not been able to achieve the targeted growth in farm sector, the scheme has been continued with increased outlays and increase number of sub schemes every year. Areas of focus of these schemes has been Seeds, fertilizers, IPM Testing laboratories, Horticulture, Farm Mechanization, Extension, Crops, Marketing and Cooperatives,, animal husbandry etc.

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The list of allied sectors as indicated by the Planning Commission will be the basis for determining the sectoral expenditure (check diagram)

Changes: Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is to be continued in the Twelfth Plan with certain modifications on the basis of the experience gained so far and the discussions with Planning Commission and suggestions of the States. Now, the scheme is proposed to have three channels/streams i.e. (i) Production growth for increasing production and productivity; (ii) development of agricultural infrastructure and assets; and (iii) Focused interventions/schemes (sub-schemes). 20% of the annual outlay of modified RKVY is to be earmarked for focused interventions (sub-schemes) and forty per cent each for production growth and infrastructure development respectively.

The RKVY will now have nine sub-schemes. Three of the sub-schemes were introduced in 2010-11 and will be continue this year too. The sub-schemes are as follows: 1. Extending Green Revolution to the Eastern Region of the Country (BGREI). This sub-scheme gets an allocation of Rs. 400 crore and targets improvement in the rice based cropping systems of Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, eastern Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. 2. Integrated Development of 60,000 Pulses Villages in Rainfed Areas. This sub-scheme aims at attaining self-sufficiency in production of pulses within the next three years 3. Promotion of Oil Palm. It seeks to achieve a major breakthrough, special attention will be paid to oil palm as it is one of the most efficient oil crops. 4. Initiative on Vegetable Clusters(details below) 5. Nutri-cereals. To promote balanced nutrition, higher production of bajra, jowar, ragi and other millets will be promoted. Additionally, projects will be taken up to upgrade their processing technologies and create awareness regarding their health benefits. This initiative would provide

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market linked production support to ten lakh millet farmers in the arid and semi-arid regions of the country 6. National Mission for Protein Supplements. This Mission is being launched with an allocation to take up activities to promote animal based protein production through livestock development, dairy farming, piggery, goat rearing and fisheries in selected blocks. 7. Accelerated Fodder Development Programme. To accelerate the production of fodder through intensive promotion of technologies to ensure its availability throughout the year. 8. Rainfed Area Development Programme. This programme aims at improving productivity of crops in rainfed areas. 9. Saffron Mission. This programme aims at revival of saffron cultivation in Jammu & Kashmir.

[LATEST ADDITION] Vidarbha Intensified Irrigation Development Programme: Under RKVY Rs 300 crores have been allocated to this Programme. This Scheme seeks to bring in more farming areas under protective irrigation. Schemes 2-9----300 crores each Vegetable initiative for Urban Clusters (VIUC) for Enhancing Vegetable Production and Productivity The Government has launched a new scheme on Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters (VIUC) during 2011-12 as a sub-scheme of RKVY for addressing all concerns related to demand and supply side of the vegetable sector, enhancing vegetable production & productivity and encouraging establishment of an efficient supply chain in one major urban centre in each State which is either the State capital or any other city having a population of one million or above. In case, if there is no such city which satisfies this criteria, then other urban cluster closer to one million population is selected for the purpose. At present, all State capital cities are covered under the scheme except Haryana and Jammu & Kashmir where Gurgaon, Jammu & Srinagar have been taken up under the scheme respectively. The scheme encourages mobilization of farmers into groups/ associations and their tie-up with financial institutions and aggregators.

National Horticulture Mission : National Horticulture Mission (NHM) will be implemented in all the States and Union Territories of India except the North Eastern States, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttaranchal (for which a separate Technology Mission for integrated development of horticulture exists) to promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushroom, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, cashew and cocoa. Programmes for the development of coconut and medicinal plants will be implemented by the Coconut Development Board (CDB) and National Medicinal Plants Board respectively, independent of the Mission. This will be a Centrally sponsored scheme in which Government of India shall provide 100% assistance to the State Missions during Tenth Plan. During the XI Plan, the Government of India assistance will be 85% with 15% contribution by the State Governments.

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The main objectives of the Mission are: i) To provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an area based regionally differentiated strategies which include research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and marketing, in consonance with comparative advantage of each State/region and its diverse agro-climatic feature; ii) To enhance horticulture production , improve nutritional security and income support to farm households; iii) To establish convergence and synergy among multiple on-going and planned programmes for horticulture development; iv) To promote, develop and disseminate technologies, through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge; v) To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youth. To achieve the above objectives, the mission would adopt the following strategies: (i) Ensure an end-to-end holistic approach covering production, post harvest management, processing and marketing to assure appropriate returns to growers/producers; (ii) (iii) Promote R&D technologies for production, post-harvest management and processing; Enhance acreage, coverage, and productivity through:

(a) Diversification, from traditional crops to plantations, orchards, vineyards, flower and vegetable gardens; (b) Extension of appropriate technology to the farmers for high-tech horticulture cultivation and precision farming. (iv) Assist setting up post harvest facilities such as pack house, ripening chamber, cold storages, Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storages etc, processing units for value addition and marketing infrastructure; (v) Adopt a coordinated approach and promotion of partnership, convergence and synergy among R&D, processing and marketing agencies in public as well as private sectors, at the National, Regional, State and sub-State levels; (vi) Where appropriate and feasible, promote National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) model of cooperatives to ensure support and adequate returns to farmers; (vii) Promote capacity-building and Human Resource Development at all levels.

The Mission will be demand and need based in each segment. Technology will play an important role in different interventions. Technologies such as Information Communication Technology (ICT), Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System will be widely used for planning and monitoring purposes including identification of sites for creating infrastructure facilities for post harvest management, markets and production forecasts. The interventions envisaged for achieving the desired goals would be varied and regionally differentiated with focus on potential crops to be developed in clusters by deploying modern and hi-tech interventions and duly ensuring backward and forward linkages.

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A Cluster, as contemplated in the NHM, comprises area of not less than 100 hectares under a horticulture crop. The Scheme is being implemented in 367 district covering 18 States and 3 UTs in the country. Similarly there is a Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States. National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by the Government of India in 1984 as an autonomous society under the Societies Registration Act 1860. Board has its Head Quarter in Gurgaon (Haryana).

National Agriculture Insurance Scheme It was launched in the Rabi season of 1999-2000 to provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crops as a result of natural calamities, pests and diseases. This would stabilize the farm incomes, particularly in the time of disasters. The scheme was not for all crops but only those crops which were notified under the scheme It was available to all farmers loanee as well as non-loanee. Small as well as big. However, the scheme was made compulsory for the loanee farmers. For non-loanee farmers, it was an optional scheme. The scheme covered all food crops, oilseeds and annual commercial/ horticultural crops in respect of which past yield data is available for adequate number of years. The scheme was implemented by the Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd. (AIC). It was free for all states and 25 states of India opted for this scheme Limitations of NAIS The first issue was that due to lack of reliable data, the payable claims invariably turned out to be several fold higher than the premium charged from the farmers and the subsidy paid by the government. It made it difficult for insurance companies to honour the claims. Second issue was that these schemes assumed state governments would share the subsidy burden with the Centre, but most states were reluctant to do so. To address the implementation issues of the NAIS, the government launched the Modified National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) The Modified NAIS has more crops under its coverage than the NAIS The Modified NAIS does the calculation of premium on actuarial basis. This means that there is higher premium for riskier crops. Since a farmer would pay actuarial premium to insure his crops, the entire liability of claim is on insurer.

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Along with the Agriculture Insurance Company (AIC) of India, the Private sector insurers were also allowed to implement this scheme. The Private Player should have adequate infrastructure and experience and selected by the Government of India for implement the scheme.

In the previous scheme, the state government had to notify the unit areas. In the MNAIS, the unit area was reduced and fixed to Gram Panchayat Area for major crops.

The minimum indemnity level in previous scheme was 60%. In modified scheme it was made to 70%. The calculation of threshold yield was done in previous scheme on the basis of 5 years data, in the new scheme it has been made 7 years so that calculation becomes more precise.

The MNAIS envisages that loanee farmers, are to be covered compulsorily for at least equal to the amount of crop loan sanctioned/advanced for notified crops, which may extend upto the value of the threshold yield of the insured crop at the option of insured farmers. Where value of the threshold yield is lower than the loan amount per unit area, the higher of the two is sum insured. Maximum sum insured can be opted up to 150% of value of threshold yield/normal sum insured. Thus, it has been claimed that the modified NAIS has addressed many issues of the previous Scheme. Yet, we have to see about its success

Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme was announced in the Union Budget 2007-08. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme took off from Kharif 2007. Some of the States where its piloted are Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan etc.

The objectives of the scheme are: To offer insurance security to the farmers against untoward weather incidence, such as shortage and surplus rainfall, high or low temperature, humidity etc. which are held to affect adversely the crop production. It has the vantage of settling the claims within minimum possible time. It is based on actuarial rates of premium but to make the scheme appealing, the premiums actually charged from farmers have been restricted to and made at par with NAIS. The difference between actuarial rates and premium actually paid by farmers are borne by the Government . Besides this a cap on premium payable by farmers for annual commercial/horticultural crops has been provided. Scheme Plan The state and central governments will subsidise the premium 50:50 for WBCIS. Farmers will have to pay 2.5-3 per cent of the premium for Kharif (food and oilseed crops) and 1.5-2 per cent for crops in rabi season. The claims will be fully paid by AIC. Difference Between Crop Insurance & Weather Based Crop Insurance

While Crop Insurance specifically indemnifies the cultivator against shortfall in crop yield, Weather based Crop Insurance is based on the fact that weather conditions affect crop production even when a cultivator has taken all the care to ensure good harvest.

Historical correlation studies of crop yield with weather parameters help us in developing weather thresholds (triggers) beyond which crop starts getting affected adversely. Payout

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structures are developed to compensate cultivators to the extent of losses deemed to have been suffered by them using the weather triggers. In other words, Weather based Crop Insurance uses weather parameters as proxy for crop yields in compensating the cultivators for deemed crop losses Features: It provides payout against adverse rainfall incidence (both deficit & excess) during Kharif and adverse incidence in weather parameters like frost, heat, relative humidity, unseasonal rainfall etc. during Rabi. It is not Yield guarantee insurance. Concept: Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) operates on the concept of Area Approach i.e., for the purposes of compensation, a Reference Unit Area (RUA) shall be deemed to be a homogeneous unit of Insurance. This RUA shall be notified before the commencement of the season by the State Government and all the insured cultivators of a particular insured crop in that Area will be deemed to be on par in the assessment of claims. Each RUA is linked to a Reference Weather Station (RWS), on the basis of which current weather data and the claims would be processed. Adverse Weather Incidences, if any during the current season would entitle the insured a payout, subject to the weather triggers defined in the Payout Structure and the terms & conditions of the Scheme. The Area Approach is as opposed to Individual Approach, where claim assessment i s made for every individual insured farmer who has suffered a loss. The Macro Management of Agriculture Scheme (MMA) was formulated in 2000-01, by bringing together under one umbrella 27 centrally sponsored schemes relating to cooperatives, crop production programmes, watershed development programmes(NWDPRA), horticulture, fertilizer, mechanization and seeds. This scheme was revised and its role was redefined in 2008-09. The Revised scheme has 10 Subschemes which are related to crop production and natural resource management Following are some salient features of this scheme: 1)Practice of allocating funds to States/UTs on historical basis has been replaced by new allocation criteria based on gross cropped area and area under small and marginal holdings 2)The Central assistance is provided to the States/UTs as 100 per cent grant 3) Rationalization of the subsidy structure to make the pattern of subsidy uniform under all the schemes implemented by the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation 4)The subsidy norms for states have been revised. 5) The areas which are not covered under ISOPOM are covered by MMA as a new component. The revised MMA seeks active participation of all tiers of the Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs). Pattern of Assitance 90/10,100 per cent for North Eastern States New Strategy for Farm Mechanization in 12th Plan

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The aims & objectives of the proposed Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) under National Mission on agricultural Extension & Technology are as under: Increasing the reach of farm mechanization to small and marginal farmers; Establishment of Custom Hiring Centre to offset the adverse economies of scale arising due to small landholding and high cost of individual ownership. Passing on the benefit of hi-tech, high value and hi-productive agricultural machinery to farmers through creating hubs for such farm equipment; Promotion farm mechanization through demonstration and capacity building activities ; and Ensuring quality control of newly developed agricultural machinery. Focus of increasing Production of Pulses and Oilseeds There is gap of about 50% between demand and supply of edible oils in the country which is managed through imports. Consumption of edible oils in the country has been increasing steadily due to increasing population and increase in purchasing power whereas the production of oilseeds is not increasing as compared to demand. At present to bridge this gap, import of edible oils has been kept under Open General Licence (OGL)( As per the terms of reference to WTO (World Trade Organization) agreement, India has to put most of the items under Open General License (OGL) for import which means these items can be freely traded. we have now freed import of 894 items including consumer goods and agricultural products by putting them under Open General Licence (OGL).Special Import Licence (SIL) that can be procured in the market by importers at a small premium) and import duty on crude and refined edible oils is maintained at 2.5% and 7.5% respectively. Due to the interventions under Technology Mission on Oilseeds (TMOP), the production and productivity of oilseeds increased. Consequently, the domestic production of edible oils also increased from 33.19 lakhs tonnes in 1986-87 to 97.82 lakhs tonnes in 2010-11. In order to promote Oil Palm cultivation in the Country, Government of India is implementing the Centrally Sponsored Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm & Maize (ISOPOM) since 2004-05. INTEGRATED SCHEME OF OILSEEDS, PULSES, MAIZE AND OIL PALM ( ISOPOM ) The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation has been implementing the following Centrally Sponsored Schemes under TMOP&M for increasing production of oilseeds, pulses, maize and oil palm in the country : i. Oilseeds Production Programme (OPP) ii. National Pulses Development Project (NPDP) iii. Accelerated Maize Development Programme (AMDP) iv. Oil Palm Development Programme (OPDP) To provide flexibility to the States in implementation of these programmes based on regionally differentiated approach, to promote crop diversification, to provide focused approach to the programmes and in view of the suggestions of the Planning Commission, the above four schemes have been modified and merged into one Centrally Sponsored Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM) during the 10th Five Year Plan

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In order to increase production of pulses and oilseeds, Government has been implementing several Crop Development Schemes/Programmes such as National Food Security Mission-Pulses (NFSM-Pulses), RKVY, Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA), Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm & Maize (ISOPOM), etc. In addition, a new programme Accelerated Pulses Production Programme (A3P) has been started under NFSM since 2010-11 to take up active propagation of key technologies in the form of block demonstrations for improving productivity of pulses. Further, a Special Plan to achieve more than 19 million tonne of pulse production during 2012-13 has also been initiated. NFSM-Pulses is one of the components of the centrally sponsored scheme of National Food Security Mission and is under implementation since Rabi 2007-08. This component has undergone a number of changes since its inception and finally has taken the shape of sole centrally sponsored scheme on pulses covering all the districts in 14 states by merging all the pulses components of another centrally sponsored scheme namely Integrated Scheme on Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM). Ten districts of Assam and 15 districts of Jharkhand have also been included under NFSM-Pulses. Accelerated Pulses Production Programme (A3P) is another step forward for vigorous implementation of the pulse development under the NFSM-Pulses. A3P has been conceptualized to take up the active propagation of key technologies such as Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in a manner that creates catalyzing impact by assuring farmers of the higher returns from the identified pulse crops. Objectives of A3P The objective of A3P are to demonstrate plant nutrient and plant protection centric improved technologies and management practices in compact blocks covering large area for five major pulse crops namely gram, urad (black gram), arhar (red gram/pigeon pea), moong (green gram ) and masoor (lentils) for increasing production and productivity of these crops. Apart from increasing the production and productivity of pulse crops by the participating farmers another objective of A3P is to stimulate other farmers in the adjoining areas to adopt these technologies.

It is proposed to take up 1000 A3P units in the next two years i.e.2010-11 and 2011-12 for active promotion of improved production technologies.

National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI) is also being implemented to increase the productivity of crops including vegetables through drip and sprinkler system of irrigation. NMMI would boost converge of micro irrigation activities under major government programmes such as National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm & Maize (ISOPOM), Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC) etc. for increasing water use efficiency, crop productivity and farmers income. The new guidelines would enhance water use efficiency, productivity in crops, and provide answer to water salinity and water logging issues. The salient features of the scheme are: Small & marginal farmers would get subsidy of 60 per cent and for other beneficiaries, 50 per cent for an area up to 5 hectare under the Government of India share. Introduction of new components with advanced technologies on micro irrigation like semi permanent sprinkler system, fertigation system, sand filter, different types of valves etc. Release of Central share to the State Implementing Agencies instead of districts.

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The scheme also has an effective delivery mechanism that calls for close coordination among the beneficiaries, the Panchayats, the State Implementing Agencies and the registered system suppliers for the increased area under gross cultivation. National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in Horticulture (NCPAH) as the nodal agency provides suitable policy measures for effective implementation of NMMI in the country. NCPAH monitors effectively the performance of 22 Precision Farming Development Centres (PFDCs) and overall development of precision farming methods and hi-tech interventions in general in the country.

Government policy is to support balanced use of fertilizers to sustain soil health in the country. The following steps are taken for the balanced use of fertilizers: i. Nutrient Based Subsidy Policy, which has been implemented w.e.f. 1.4.2010, promotes competition amongst the fertilizer companies. The fertilizer companies tend to focus on farmers through farm extension services and educate farmers about the modern fertilizer application techniques, soil health and promote soil test based application of soil and crop specific fertilizers, which is necessary for balanced application of fertilizers. ii. Use of customized fertilizers is encouraged with the objective to promote site specific nutrient management so as to achieve maximum fertilizer use efficiency of applied nutrient in a cost effective manner. These fertilizers are multi-nutrient carrier designed to contain macro and micro nutrients and are soil specific and crops specific formulated on the basis of soil testing results. The Government has also allowed the use of subsidized fertilizers for manufacturing mixture and customised fertilizers to promote use of customized fertilizers. iii. Subsidy on sulphur content in the fertilizers is provided. iv. To meet the requirement of micro nutrients, a fixed subsidy is also provided on fortification of fertilizers by Boron and Zinc. Use of Neem Coated Urea is also encouraged. v. Soil test based balanced and integrated nutrient management through conjunctive use of both inorganic and organic sources (compost, manures, bio-fertilizers etc.) of plant nutrients is recommended to sustain sound soil health. vi. Soil testing facility is provided to the farmers free of cost or with some nominal fee by State Governments. In this regard soil health cards are issued by the State Governments to farmers. vii. A National Project for Management of Soil Health & Fertility has been launched during 2008-09. Under the project financial assistance is provided to set up new static Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs) and new Mobile Soil Testing Laboratories besides strengthening of existing laboratories. viii. Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), Bhopal under ICAR has been sanctioned a project for preparation of Geo-Referenced Soil Fertility Maps including interlinking of soil fertility status with Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) data to generate site specific recommendations in 19 major States (171 districts). Organic food:

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Demand for organic food items is on the rise during the last few years. Organic products are costlier in the country due to demand by consumers for chemical residue free food grown by nature friendly methods without the use of synthetic inputs. There is no provision of Minimum Support Price (MSP) in respect of organic farm produce. However, the Government is promoting organic farming by providing incentives to cultivators of organic food products under the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) @ Rs. 10,000/- per hectare for maximum area of four hectare per beneficiary, setting up of vermicompost units @ 50% of the cost, subject to a maximum of Rs. 30,000/- per beneficiary and organic farming certification @ Rs. 5.00 lakh for group of farmers covering an area of 50 hectare. The National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) is a central sector scheme launched in 2004 i.e during 10th five year plan by subsuming National Project on Development and use of Biofertilisers under the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Objectives: Promote organic farming practices to reduce the burden on Chemical Fertilizers, to ensure effective utilization of farm resources Financial and Technical support for setting up of organic input production unit such as Fruits and Vegetable market waste compost, Biofertilizers and biopesticides and Vermiculture hatcheries. Human resource development and awareness creation and market development for Quality Control of Organic Inputs. Features: Implementation agencies: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC), Ministry of Agriculture through National Centre of Organic Farming, (NCOF) Ghaziabad and its six Regional Centres of Organic Farming (RCOF) Financial assistance are provided on the recommendations of Screening Committee duly constituted by the Director NCOF, Financial assistance for setting up Production and maintenance units are provided as credit linked back ended subsidy through any commercial/scheduled bank through NABARD. Capital Investment Subsidy scheme (CISS) for setting up of organic inputs production for Municipalities, APMCs, Public sector/Private sector companies, fertilizer companies or any individual entrepreneurs. Besides four bio-fertilizers viz: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB and two organic fertilizers: City Waste Compost and Vermi-compost, there are large numbers of organic inputs being produced and promoted. Under the scheme a capacity has also been created for processing of 708 tons of agricultural waste per day in to compost, 5606 MT of bio-fertilizers and more than 17000 ton of vermiculture and vermicompost. Since the launch of the scheme, the area under certified organic farming has increased and the organic food production has increased Under National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) financial assistance is provided as back ended subsidy @ 33% for setting up fruit/vegetable waste compost and 25% for bio-fertilizer production units of total project cost. Besides under "National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertility" (NPMSF) there is provision for subsidy on promotion of organic fertilizer up to

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Rs.500 per hectare. Assistance is also available for organic fertilizer under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).

Integrated Pest Management for Safe and Judicious Use of Pesticides Emphasis on reducing use of Pesticides in Farming The Government is popularizing the strategy of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) through a Central Sector Scheme Strengthening and Modernization of Pest Management Approach in India which includes cultural, mechanical, biological and other methods of pest control and emphasizes safe and judicious use of pesticides.

Activities under IPM

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Popularization of IPM approach among farming community. Conducting regular pest surveillance and monitoring to assess pest / disease situation. Rearing biological control agents for their use and conservation of naturally occurring bio-agents. Promotion of Bio-pesticides and neem based pesticides as alternatives to chemical pesticides.

(e) Play a catalytic role in spread of innovative IPM skills to extension workers, land farmers in various States / UTs. (f) Human Resource Development in IPM by imparting training to master trainers, extension workers and farmers through Farmers Field Schools (FFSs). (g) Organization of Farmers Field Schools (FFS) through KVKs/SAUs/ICAR institutes to develop the sufficient human resource. (h) Further, farmers are being educated through 2 days short duration programmes. Non formal education through participatory approach is also being adopted for educating the farmers. With a view to conserve top soil and prevent soil erosion and land degradation. Ministry of Agriculture is implementing various watershed development programmes, namely National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas, Soil Conservation in Catchments of River Valley Project and Flood Prone River and Reclamation and Development of Alkali & Acid Soils across the country . Ministry of Rural Development is also implementing a major Integrated Watershed Management Programme for restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded lands in the country. Parts of such developed degraded lands have been put to cultivation, leading to net sown area remaining largely unchanged in last two decades. As per available estimates of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR-2010), out of total geographical area of 328.73 million hectare, about 120.40 million hectare are affected by various kind of land degradation across the country. Soil formation and its erosion are a natural phenomena occurring simultaneously. Such soil erosion leads to land degradation in upper reaches of the river system, whereas when deposited at various locations of river systems, it may increase the soil fertility.

National Bamboo Mission

Bamboo, a fast growing, versatile woody grass is found across the country. It is an economic resource having immense potential for improving the quality of life of rural and urban communities with

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environment regeneration qualities like carbon sequestering. The National Bamboo Mission will be a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, in which the contribution of the Central Government will be 100%. The Scheme will be implemented by the Division of Horticulture under the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation in the Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi. Bamboo grows in all states except the extremely hot and cold deserts, for example in Western Rajasthan and in Ladakh.

Mission Objectives To promote the growth of the bamboo sector through as an area based regionally differentiated strategy; To increase the coverage of area under bamboo in potential areas, with improved varieties to enhance yields; To promote marketing of bamboo and bamboo based handicrafts; To establish convergence and synergy among stake-holders for the development of bamboo; To promote, develop and disseminate technologies through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge. To generate employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths. The Market for Bamboo Earthquake-resistant and long-lasting conventional housing and buildings. Two-floored rural houses. Improved roads, bridges, culverts, retaining walls Water-tanks, biogas plants, telephone/electricity poles Matchsticks, agarbattis, toothpicks, skewer sticks, etc Pulp and paper, particle board, MDF, handicrafts Prevent landslides, soil and riverbank erosion

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Bamboo shoots as food.

ATMA for making Available Latest Technologies in Different Agro-Climatic Conditions A Centrally Sponsored Scheme-ATMA is presently under implementation in 614 districts of 28 States and 3 UTs. Under the scheme grant-in-aid is released to the State Designated Agency of respective States with an objective to support State Governments efforts of revitalization of the extension system and making available the latest agricultural technologies in different agro-climatic conditions through extension activities. As per the guidelines of the Scheme, in order to share technological expertise and promote private extension in agriculture, at least 10% of scheme allocation on recurring activities at district level is envisaged to be incurred through Non-Governmental Sector viz. NGOs, FOs, PRIs, Cooperatives, Para-Extension Workers, Agripreneurs, Input Suppliers, Corporate sector etc. The Private Sector participation is a State level activity. States like M.P., U.P., Rajasthan, Punjab, A.P., H.P. etc. are implementing training and extension activities in PPP mode also in various areas which include: Farmers Training, Demonstrations, Exposure Visits, Mobilization of Farmers Groups / Commodity Interest Groups, District level Kisan Melas Operationalisation of Farm Schools on improved wheat production, hybrid seed cultivation of paddy, maize, pearl millet, sorghum, animal husbandry, etc., Training progamme on Organic Farming, Soil Testing, post harvest technologies, vegetable cultivation and marketing etc. Besides this to encourage private sector participation in agriculture, weighted deduction of 150 per cent on expenditure incurred for agri-extension services by private player has been approved in the Union Budget presented during 2012. Feed back of various stakeholders are regularly sought under ATMA scheme during review meetings and conferences at state and national level and more and more private sector players are attracted towards implementing extension activities in different states.

ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research (under the Department of Agricultural Research) The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and the World Bank have been implementing a joint National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) in the country. The specific objective of the National Agricultural Innovation Project is to accelerate the collaborative development and application of agricultural innovations between public and research organizations, NGOs, farmers, private sector and other stakeholders. Some of the major achievements are as follows:NICRA---National Initiative on Climate Resistant Agriculture launched by ICAR in 2011 Objectives

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To enhance the resilience of Indian agriculture covering crops, livestock and fisheries to climatic variability and climate change through development and application of improved production and risk management technologies. To demonstrate site specific technology packages on farmers' fields for adapting to current climate risks. To enhance the capacity of scientists and other stakeholders in climate resilient agricultural research and its application. Output 1)Selection of promising crop genotypes and livestock breeds with greater tolerance to climatic stress. 2)Existing best bet practices for climate resilience demonstrated in 100 vulnerable districts. 3)Infrastructure at key research institutes for climatic change research strengthened. 4)Adequately trained scientific man power to take up climate change research in the country and empowered farmers to cope with climate variability. Components of the Scheme The Scheme will be implemented for the remaining two years (201011 and 201112) of the XI Plan and likely to continue in the XII Plan with the following four components.[3] 1)Strategic research on adaptation and mitigation. 2)Technology demonstration to cope with current climate variability in 100 vulnerable districts. 3)Capacity building 4)Sponsored competitive research to fill critical gaps

Key Features 1)Critical assessment of different crops/zones in the country for vulnerability to climatic stresses and extreme events, in particular, intra seasonal variability of rainfall 2)Installation of the state-of-the-art equipment like flux towers for measurement of green house gases in large field areas to understand the impact of management practices and contribute data on emissions as national responsibility. 3)Rapid and large scale screening of crop germplasm including wild relatives for drought and heat tolerance through phenomics platforms for quick identification of promising lines and early development and release of heat/drought tolerant varieties. 4)Comprehensive field evaluation of new and emerging approaches of paddy cultivation like aerobic rice and SRI for their contribution to reduce the GHG emissions and water saving. 5)Special attention to livestock and fishery sectors including aquaculture which have not received enough attention in climate change research in the past. In particular, the documentation of adaptive traits in indigenous breeds is the most useful step. 6)Thorough understanding of crop-pest/pathogen relationship and emergence of new biotypes due to climate change. 7)Simultaneous up-scaling of the outputs both through KVKs and the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture for wider adoption by the farmers

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The National Institute of Plant Health Management, an autonomous body under Ministry of Agriculture has in the recent past adopted 27 villages where field service training was conducted involving officer trainees in Plant Protection. The farmers of these villages have benefited by adoption of IPM technologies. The Institute also developed low cost agricultural plant protection implements viz., hand shake duster, wick weed applicator and swing sack granular applicator, and other appropriate technologies such as solar assisted low volume sprayer, battery operated backpack sprayer, etc. These appliances were popularized among farmers for control of brown plant hopper, weed management, low and effective application of granular formulations, and for judicious application of pesticides. Department of Food Processing Industries National Mission on Food Processing for Ensuring Growth Impetus and Value Addition to FOOD Processing Sector Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) had launched a Centrally Sponsored Scheme - National Mission on Food Processing (NMFP) during 2012-13 of 12th Five Year Plan through States / UTs. The basic objectives of NMFP are: (i) to realize the Ministrys next leap forward in terms of ensuing requisite growth impetus and value addition to the sector; (ii) decentralized approach; (iii) greater role of State/UTs; (iv) betteroutreach and (v) effective supervision and monitoring. The Major Programmes/Schemes to be covered under NMFP during 2012-13 are: (i) Scheme for Technology Up-gradation/Establishment/ Modernisation of Food Processing Industries. (ii) Scheme for Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure for Non Horticultural Products. (iii) Scheme for Human Resource Development (HRD)

(a) Creation of Infrastructure Facilities for Running Degree/Diploma/ Certificate Courses in Food Processing Technology. (b) Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP) (c) Food Processing Training Centre (FPTC) (iv) Scheme for Promotional Activities a. Organizing Seminar/Workshops b. Conducting Studies/Surveys c. Support to Exhibitions/Fairs d. Advertisement & Publicity

The State Governments are responsible for implementation of National Mission on Food Processing (NMFP). Under the mission State Governments receive the applications for various schemes of NMFP and thereafter sanction as well as release the grants-in-aid to the eligible beneficiaries. NMFP also provides flexibility to States / UTs in the selection of beneficiaries, location of projects etc. for the development of food processing sector. This initiative of the Ministry would give an impetus to food processing industries and also help in reducing the spoilage / wastage of fruits & vegetables.

National Centre for Cold Chain Development for Building Cold Chain Infrastructure in the Country To recommend standards and protocols for cold chain infrastructure/building including post harvest management National Centre for Cold Chain Development (NCCD) has been constituted as an

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autonomous body by the Government and has been registered under societies registration Act 1860. The aims and objectives of the Society are: i. to harmonize with international standards and best practices and suggest mechanism for bench marking and certification of infrastructure/building, process and services provided by cold chain industry. ii. To suggest indicative guidelines for preparation of project reports for potential investors/entrepreneurs. iii. To assess and develop appropriate IT-based management information system for the cold chain infrastructure. iv. To undertake and coordinate Research and Development (R&D) work required for development of cold chain industry in consultation with stakeholders. v. To undertake and coordinate the task of Human Resource Development (HRD) and capacity building. It may also conduct in-house training, short-term/long courses relevant for cold chain development. vi. To launch publicity campaign to educate the stakeholders including awareness building about the benefits of integrated cold chain. vii. To recommend appropriate policy framework relating to development of cold chain. viii. To facilitate and foster the development of multi-modal transportation facilities for perishable agricultural, horticultural and allied commodities and establishment of National Green Grid Perishable Commodities. The Government is implementing National Horticulture Mission (NHM), Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH) and programme of National Horticulture Board (NHB) for development of horticulture which includes financial assistance for setting up of cold storages. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries National Dairy Plan (NDP) was drafted by the National Dairy Plan for 14 major dairying states (accounting for more than 90 percent of India's milk production) on initiatives to launch a scientifically planned programme to increase bovine productivity and milk production. The other objectives are: Making the organized milk market accessible to rural milk producers enhance breeding, feeding and milk procurement National Dairy Development Board, set up at Anand, Gujarat. As in the case of Operation Flood, the NDP is proposed to be implemented by NDDB as a multi state focused with financial assistance largely from the World Bank. The unique benefit from the National Dairy Plan-Phase 1 (NDP-1) will be in the increase of milk procurement by co-operatives. The milk procurement from cooperatives at current is 30% and the plan targets to make it 65% in next 15 years.

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NDP-1 with an outlay of ` 2242 Crore Rupees is a 6 year plan to be implemented in 14 major milk producing states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. While 80 per cent of the scheme will be financed through International Development Association (IDA) of World Bank, the rest will be funded by the Government of India and implemented by National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) through end implementing agencies (EIA)s in the states. The total outlay for the National Dairy Plan has been set at Rs 17,300 crore. The plan is expected to cover about 1.2 million milk producers in 23,800 villages. NDP is meant to be implemented wholly by the National Dairy Development Board through milk cooperatives and state agencies. As of now, the Private dairy sector has been excluded from the implementation..

Other Important Schemes and Interventions in Social Sector (which could not be classified specifically for various reasons ) On June 30, 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh released Indias first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation. The plan identifies eight core national missions running through 2017 and directs ministries to submit detailed implementation plans to the Prime Ministers Council on Climate Change by December 2008. National Solar Mission: The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission aims to make India the global leader in solar energy by creating a policy environment which promotes the diffusion of solar technology across the country. It sets a target of deploying 20 GW of grid-connected solar power in India by 2022, using a three-phase approach. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is responsible for the implementation of this mission. The target for off-grid power is only 2 GW against 20 GW for on-grid. The mission is likely to lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if implemented, but it will also lead to increased water utilisation using technologies such as diesel-powered pumps, which increase emissions. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency : The National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency aims to strengthen the energy efficiency market in India by fostering innovative business models in the sector and creating a regulatory and policy regime to achieve 98 MT CO2eq. savings by 2015. The Ministry of Power, in association with the Bureau of Energy Efficiency and the recently established Energy Efficiency Services Limited are responsible for the implementation of this mission. Targets are more aligned with the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme. The mission could have specified state-level targets particularly to reduce their high grid losses.

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There is potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through implementation. Schemes developed under this mission include PAT for large industrial consumers and Super-Efficient Equipment Programme (SEEP), which is an innovative voluntary mechanism under Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency (MTEE). National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat aims to promote sustainability of habitats through improvements in the energy efficiency of buildings, urban planning, improved waste management systems, and promoting public transport by making appropriate changes in the legal and regulatory framework. It also aims at improving the ability of habitats to adapt to climate change through improved resilience of infrastructure, community-based disaster management and advance warning systems for extreme weather events. The Union Ministry of Urban Development, along with state governments and urban local bodies, are responsible for the implementation of this mission. The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat includes activities for management of solid waste including organic waste. A National programme on energy recovery from urban and industrial waste, and biogas is being implemented. Under the Clean Development Mechanism, government has given host country approvals to several bio-mass based projects for reducing emissions and generating carbon credits.

The National Water Mission aims to address the challenges faced by the water sector in India. These include the increasing demand for water within the country, decline in quality and quantity of ground water and surface water and increasing incidences of floods and droughts. The mission employs integrated water resource development and management to promote water conservation, waste minimisation and equitable distribution of water across the country (increase water use efficiency by 20%). The Ministry of Water Resources, along with its statelevel counterparts are responsible for the implementation of this mission.

National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: The National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem concentrates on understanding complex ecosystems and evolving suitable policy measures, building human and institutional capacity, creating a comprehensive database on the Himalayas , protecting traditional knowledge systems and developing regional cooperation with neighbouring countries with a view to safeguard the Himalayan region from the impacts of climate change in the long-term. The Department of Science and Technology is responsible for the implementation of this mission.

National Mission for a Green India: Goals include the afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded forest lands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of Indias territory. The National Mission for a Green India primarily aims at improving forest cover on 10 million hectares of forest/non-forest land, enhancing ecosystem services and increasing carbon sequestration. The Ministry of Environment and Forests will be responsible for the implementation of the mission through State Forest Development Agencies, Joint Forest Management Committees and so on. Involvement of local communities is also seen as key to the protection of natural resources, and to the mission implementation. At least in principle, local communities will be involved in decision-making and implementation; thus the poor and vulnerable can be protected. The mission can lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if implemented well, but it does not address carbon losses through forest diversion. With regard to

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new and innovative markets, a REDD+1 cell is to be instituted. Ministry of Finance has allocated Rs. 500 crores from the National Clean Energy Fund towards the activities of the GIM. However, a fund allocation of Rs. 200 crores from the National Clean Energy Fund was announced in the Union Budget 2011-12 to begin its implementation. REDD+ Cell is undertaking a carbon assessment of Indias forests. Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, is identifying areas for GIM intervention through a mapping exercise National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture aims to strengthen the resilience of agricultural practices and practitioners to climate change through a host of activities such as promoting biotechnology, alternative cropping patterns, pest management systems, promoting and credit and insurance systems for farmers. The Natural Resource Management Division of the Department for Agriculture and Cooperation is responsible for the implementation of this mission. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: The National Mission for Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change seeks to complement the remaining seven missions on climate change by identifying knowledge gaps, strengthening data collection and knowledge repositories, promoting data sharing and networking among knowledge institutes relevant to building strategic knowledge on climate change, and providing inputs for policy formulation. Creating centres of excellence and building international cooperation on science and technology is also part of its mandate. The Department of Science and Technology is in charge of the implementation of this mission. The Planning Commission is setting up an expert group to recommend how India can move towards a low carbon economy. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas whose emissions are leading to climate change, that in turn is already affecting farm output, making droughts, floods and storms more frequent and more severe and raising the sea level. India is one of the worst affected countries. While India's per capita greenhouse gas emission is just over a tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, five percent of that in the US, in total India is the world's fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after China, the US and Russia This interim report prepared by the expert group set up by Planning Commission under leadership of Kirit Parikh highlights policies needed for the low carbon growth. The main sectors examined in this report are power, transport, industry, buildings and forestry & the recommendations made in this report are to be included in the 12th five-year plan (2012-17).

What is NSDC? National Skill Development Corporation [NSDC] is a not- for- profit company set up by the Ministry of Finance. (Mind it: Finance ministry and not HRD ministry= important fact for MCQs] In short, Government gives it money, and it gives the money to NGOs to set up vocational training institutes, which usually have stupid computer instructors who think that hitting refesh button on desktop every third second, is going to speed up the computer. And by mimicking them, those

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who get Skill training from these institute, they also do the same- thus decreasing the life of a normal mouses right click button. Why do we Need NSDC? Because there is shortage of skilled workers in every sector. Government plans to pump in around Rs 40,000 crore in over five years to provide skill to around 3 crore people during the period.

Why is it in news? Because Mohan wants to give it an Authority badge. i.e. from National Skill Development Corporation he wants to create National Skill Development Authority [NSDA] Again Why ? Because As an authority the organization will have the power to draw funds from the government and spend it with the states and other partner agencies, which is not possible now.

PMs 15 point programme for Minorities Started in 2006 for welfare of minorities. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Equitable availability of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Improving access to School Education Greater resources for teaching Urdu Modernizing Madarsa Education Scholarships for meritorious students from minority communities Improving educational infrastructure through the Maulana Azad Education Foundation. Self-Employment and Wage Employment for the poor Upgradation of skill through technical training Enhanced credit support for economic activities Recruitment to State and Central Services Equitable share in rural housing scheme Improvement in condition of slums inhabited by minority communities. Prevention of communal incidents Prosecution for communal offences Rehabilitation of victims of communal riots.

What are the objectives of this program? Enhancing opportunities for education for minorities. economic activities and employment, through existing and new schemes, enhanced credit support for self-employment, and recruitment to State and Central Government jobs. share for them in infrastructure development schemes Prevention and control of communal disharmony and violence. It also provides that, wherever possible, 15% of targets and outlays under various schemes should be earmarked for minorities. term substantial minority population in the 15 Point Programme applies to such districts/subdistrict units where at least 25% of the total population of that unit belongs to minority communities.

What are the Minority Concentration Districts? districts which are relatively backward in which at least 25% of the total population belongs to minority communities districts having a large absolute minority population of more than 5 lakhs but with minority population between 20% to 25%

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Backwardness parameters used for identifying Minority Concentration Districts religion-specific socio-economic indicators 1. 2. 3. 4. literacy rate; female literacy rate; work participation rate female work participation rate basic amenities indicators 1. 2. 3. 4. % of households with pucca walls % of households with safe drinking water % of households with electricity; % of households with W/C latrines

90 Minority Concentration Districts have been identified

What is MsDP? Multi-sectoral Development Programme (MsDP). Coordinated by Ministry of Minority Affairs.

What are the objectives of MsDP? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. To fill up the development deficits in Minority Concentration Districts (MCD) It provides specific plan for providing better infrastructure for school and secondary education, sanitation, pucca housing, drinking water and electricity supply, beneficiary oriented schemes for creating income generating activities. connecting roads, basic health infrastructure, ICDS centres, skill development and marketing facilities required for improving living conditions and income generating activities

What are the types of schemes approved under MsDP? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Indira Awas Yojana housing Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme for Installation of hand pumps Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA) for Construction of additional classrooms in Govt. higher secondary schools Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) for Construction of additional class rooms in lower primary and middle schools Total Sanitation Campaign for Construction of toilet blocks in various categories of schools Solar lantern for girls studying in high schools for BPL Scheme of solar street lights Construction of additional primary health centres (APHCs) building under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Integrated Child Development Scheme Construction anganwadi centres (AWC) Establishment of new Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) Scheme for upgradation of existing ITI into centre of excellence Capacity building of farmers, traders, entrepreneurs on scientific coconut cultivation & processing technology. Vocational training on computer and I.T. Swarnjayanti Gremeen Swarozgar Yojna * (SGSY)

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16. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidalaya (KGBV) for Construction of hostel for girls in high/secondary schools 17. Navadaya Vidyalaya Samiti for Construction of hostel for boys high/secondary schools 18. Providing modern teaching aid, Computer with Accessories under Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.

Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme was launched last year exclusively for the first time retail investors in Securities Market. This Scheme would give tax benefits to new investors who invest up to Rs. 50,000 and whose annual income is below Rs. 10 lakh(now 12 lakhs) The Scheme not only encourages the flow of savings and improves the depth of domestic capital markets, but also aims to promote an equity culture in India. This is also expected to widen the retail investor base in the Indian securities markets. Salient features of the Scheme are

a. Scheme is open to new retail investors, identified on the basis of their PAN numbers. This includes those who have opened the Demat Account but have not made any transaction in equity and /or in derivatives till the date of notification of this Scheme and all those account holders other than the first account holder who wish to open a fresh account. b. Those investors whose annual taxable income is Rs. 12 lakhs are eligible under the Scheme. c. The maximum Investment permissible under the Scheme is Rs. 50,000 and the investor would get a 50% deduction of the amount invested from the taxable income for that year. d. Under the Scheme, those stocks listed under the BSE 100 or CNX 100, or those of public sector undertakings which are Navratnas, Maharatnas and Miniratnas would be eligible. Follow-on Public Offers (FPOs) of the above companies would also be eligible under the Scheme. IPOs of PSUs, which are getting listed in the relevant financial year and whose annual turnover is not less than Rs. 4000 Crore for each of the immediate past three years, would also be eligible. e. In addition, considering the requests from various stakeholders, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and Mutual Funds (MFs) that have RGESS eligible securities as their underlying and are listed and traded in the stock exchanges and settled through a depository mechanism have also been brought under RGESS. f. To benefit the small investors, the investments are allowed to be made in instalments in the year in which tax claims are made. g. The total lock-in period for investments under the Scheme would be three years including an initial blanket lock-in period of one year, commencing from the date of last purchase of securities under RGESS. h. After the first year, investors would be allowed to trade in the securities in furtherance of the goal of promoting an equity culture and as a provision to protect them from adverse market movements or stock specific risks as well as to give them avenues to realize profits. i. Investors would, however, be required to maintain their level of investment during these two years at the amount for which they have claimed income tax benefit or at the value of the portfolio before initiating a sale transaction, whichever is less, for at least 270 days in a year.

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Like all financial products which have reached out substantially to the retail investors (post office savings, life insurance policies etc) through tax benefits, this tax break for direct investment in equity is expected to substantially encourage the retail participation in securities market as well as to enhance their participation in the growth of Indian industry. Entry of more retail investors are expected to further deepen the securities markets as they bring in long-term stable funds, which can counteract the volatility created by the liquidity providers of the market. The Scheme, thus, also furthers the goal of financial stability and promotes financial inclusion. Since Exchange Traded Funds and Mutual Funds have also been brought under the Scheme, the Scheme should provide encouragement and re-assurance to the first time investors.

Swabhimaan Initiative by the Finance Ministry + Indian Banks Association launched in 2011 To bridge economic gap between rural and urban India.

Objectives Make banking facilities available to every habitat with a population >2000 (by March 2012.) Banks will provide basic services like deposits, withdrawal, Kisan Credit Card (KCCs) etc via Business Correspondents (BCs) also known as Bank Saathi. Banks will also working together with the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) for opening new bank accounts. Government will send subsidies and social security benefits (pension etc.) directly to beneficiarys account. Beneficiary can withdraw the money from the Business Correspondents (BCs) in their village itself. Government has provided 500 million rupees to banks for taking these ^initiatives (e.g. paying Commissions to Bank Saathi, their training cost, doing paperwork with UID.)

Reforms in BC model Common BC Last year Finance ministry came up with this proposal: India be divided into 20 clusters. A common BC be appointed for all public sector banks operating in that geography. Such a move would improve the economics of the BC model. (otherwise so many BCs, fragmentation=nobody earning decent Commission=nobody improving the service delivery.) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has permitted all business correspondents (BCs) working for one particular bank, to conduct business for other banks as well. FINO= Financial Inclusion Network and Operations , Indias largest Business Correspondents company It is promoted by various Public and Private sector banks and insurance companies like LIC. Last year, FINO become the common Business Correspondents Company for all public sector banks operating in Jharkhand.

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NREGA payment Old system 1. 2. 3. 4. A villager earns some cash under MNREGA. Government gives cash to bank. Bank gives it to B.C. B.C. deposits it into MNREGA workers account. New system 1. 2. 3. All accounts will be maintained by core banking system. So, cash directly goes from Government > Bank >MNREGA workers bank account. Villagers will have the freedom to make their withdrawals from any BC they choose.

Kiosk Banking The D.I.Y. (Do it yourself) banking services e.g. ATM, internet kiosks = still expensive. There is also lack of education + awareness in rural areas about such things. So even if Government /bank installs such automatic ATM, internet kiosks=> most of the time they just gather dust. Therefore, technology-based self-service model (e.g ATM, internet kiosks) is not useful at this stage. And hence we need Personnel (these Business Correspondents=middlemen). But again problem: The cost per transaction remains high. (Because Bank has to pay commission to B.C. agent.) Therefore, Chindu has suggested following solution for long term: Migrate from banking correspondent model to Kiosk banking = mobile vans fitted with ATM machines+ biometric devices. Theyll provide banking services in remote areas.

BCA for Direct Cash Transfer? In November 2012, Mohan announced Direct Cash transfer scheme. Anyways, under Direct Cash transfer scheme, Government will directly deposit payments, subsidies, scholarships, pensions etc into the beneficiarys bank account. Sounds well and good? Well, here is the big problem There are about six lakh villages in India. And despite all these financial inclusion initiatives (of FINMIN+RBI), still only ~75,000 villages have a bank branch or business correspondent agents (BCA). So for the poor people in remaining ~525000 villages still face the problems So Direct Cash Transfer will be #EPICFAIL unless each and every village is covered under banking services. Therefore, recently Chindu asked the banks to have at least one bank branch or business correspondent agents (BCA) for every village or group of villages with 1,000 to 1,500 households. In the villages without BCA, Department of Electronics and Information Technology will install Common Service Centre (CSC). These CSCs will serve as the BCA. Right now, CSC will be used only for opening new accounts of beneficiaries under the scheme for direct cash transfer. Only after banks install the software and complete other technical requirements for cash transactions, the CSC will allow villagers to withdraw cash from their accounts.

Side note on CSC Common Services Centers scheme= started in 2006.

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Aim= set up of 100,000+ (one lakh) internet enabled centers in rural areas under the National eGovernance plan (NeGP)

Swavalamban Scheme Started in Target audience Condition? In 2010. This scheme will run till 2016-17.

People working in unorganized sector. They must contribute minimum Rs.1000 to maximum Rs.12000 per year into their NPS or NPS-lite account. Government will contribute 1000 rupees in their NPS account each year. They can exit early. (@age of 50 years or after being in the scheme for 20 years). while a normal NPS subscriber cannot exit before age of 60.

What is the benefit?