Justifcation and Benefits of IEC 61850

The Standards Based Integration Company
Systems Integration Specialists Company, Inc.
Justification and Benefits of IEC 61850
Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. 6605 19 Mile Road Sterling Heights, MI 48314-1408 USA Tel: +1-586-254-0020 x103 Fax: +1-586-254-0053 Email: ralph@sisconet.com
Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.
The Justification Dilemma
BENEFITS
COSTS
COSTS BENEFITS
Engineers View of Justification

3
BENEFITS COSTS
Accountants View of Justification

4
The Tragedy of Integration and Automation
There are no benefits without some cost
About Benefits & Justification
Identify all the benefits (obvious). ALSO Identify ALL the costs:
Equipment Installation
Engineering
Commissioning Utilization Costs Impact on External Systems
Costs to Change/Migrate in Future

Intangibles (new capability)
Requires a complete view of cost. Requires a longer time frame.
The benefit of using technology is not in the purchase.
The benefit is in using technology to improve operations AFTER the purchase.

7
Cost Justification Small Use Cases?
Outage Management
SCADA
A one-off point to point link will always be cheaper if the cost to integrate future applications is ignored.
The Result of Justification One App at at Time

Control Center Systems and Applications
RTUs, IEDs, and Other Field Devices
Substation Data Concentrators and Masters
IT Networking and Computer Systems
Documents, Email, Generic Gateways to Files Customer Sites
Multitude of Legacy Applications and Systems

Energy Market and eCommerce Applications
9
Control Center Databases IntraNet and Internet Access
Model Driven Integration Addresses Cost, Efficiency, and Complexity for the LONG RUN
Gateways to Customer Sites Control Center Systems and Applications Substation Data Concentrators and Masters
IT Networking and Computer Systems
RTUs, IEDs, and Other Field Devices Common Services/Protocols Information Object Models
Nouns includes: power system data, application data, network management data, security data
Verbs include: request, send, query, authenticate, publish, subscribe
Energy Market and eCommerce Applications
Multitude of Legacy Applications and Systems
Control Center Databases 10
IntraNet and Internet Access
Documents, E-mail, Generic Files
IntelliGrid Architecture http://www.intelligrid.info

Model-Driven Cost Justification
Traditional Approaches
Cost
Model Driven Approaches
Break-even Purchase
11
Pay-Back
Time

Benefits of IEC 61850
Identifying ALL Costs
Requires a complete view of cost.
You cant justify an IEC 61850 device by examining only the price of the device.
- OR The benefit of an IE C61850 device is not in the price.
13
IEC 61850 is Unique
Not a recast serial RTU protocol Designed specifically for LANs to lower life cycle cost to use a device:
Cost to install, configure, and maintain
Real object-oriented approach for SA:
Supports standardized device models using names instead of custom object numbers and indexes. Standardized configuration language (SCL). Feature rich with support for functions difficult to implement otherwise.
14
IEC 61850 Edition 1: Completely New Approach
IEC 61850 Edition 1 was a new and innovative approach to substation automation:
Standardized Device and Object Modeling

Logical Devices, Logical Nodes, Common Data Classes, etc. Extensions unique to specific applications (Hydro, Distributed Energy Resources (DER), Wind power, etc.)
Standardized Service/Behavior Modeling Standardized XML for Systems and Device Configuration Standardized Communications Protocols for Specific Use Cases:

Station Level Monitoring and Control (substation SCADA) (TCP/IP) Protection and Control GOOSE over Ethernet Sampled Values Process Bus over Ethernet
Standardized Conformance Test Cases
15
Traditional Approach: Legacy Data Access by Tag
Feeder #2 Current is here: Object #6, Variation #2, Index #205 Thats intuitive!?
No Power System Context Device
16
Legacy View of Data
Proprietary tag formats. Arcane addressing:

Driver Wire Rack Device Register/Index # Network
Manually entered. Manually verified. Applications tied to tag or free form alias. Any user tag conventions are proprietary.
17
Legacy Object Mapping
Legacy data objects must be mapped to power system for each different device, application, and vendor.
Power System Functions
Legacy Device
R400040 R400041 Phase A Voltage R400042 R400043 R400044 R400045 Local/Remote Status R400046 R400047 R400048 R400049 R40004A R40004B
Measurements
Phase B Voltage Phase C Voltage
Controls
Breaker Position
Blocked Open Activate Phase A
Protection
Activate Phase B Activate Phase C
All CostNo Value

18
IEC 61850 Object Model

IED:Relay1/MMXU1.MX.A
Current Measurements
IED:Relay1/XCBR2.CO.Pos
Breaker Position Control
A PhV
Amps Volts
A PhV
Amps Volts
Pos
Position
Pos
Position
MX
Measurements
DC
Descriptions
ST
Status
CO
Controls
Logical Nodes IEC 61850 Object Names Use Power System Context
MMXU1 Measurement Unit #1 XCBR2 Circuit Breaker #2
Logical Device (e.g. Relay1)
Physical Device Named IED

(network address)
19
IEC 61850 Object Mapping
NO MANUAL MAPPING NEEDED: IEC61850 objects already portray the power system context.
IEC 61850 Device
LD
MX.A.PhsA.cVal.mag.f MMXU1 MX.A.PhsB.cVal.mag.f MX.A.PhsC.cVal.mag.f ST.Loc.stVal XCBR1 ST.Pos.stVal ST.BlkOpn.stVal ST.Op.phsA PIOC1 ST.Op.phsB
ST.Op.phsC
20
IEC 61850 Models Independent of Function and Brand

Brand X
IOC Relay
Brand Y
Diff Relay
PIOC
Measurements MMXU1
PDIF
Measurements MMXU1
ST
DC
DC
MX
ST
DC
DC
MX
Mod
Mod
PhV
PhV
Mod
Mod
PhV
PhV
MMXU1.MX.PhV IEC 61850 Name for Phase-to-Ground Voltage Measurements

21
IEC 61850 View of Devices
Only network addressing requires configuration in the remote client.

Point names portray the meaning and hierarchy of the data with no mapping to I/O required. Point names can be retrieved from the device automatically without manual intervention. All devices share a common naming convention. Device configurations can be exchanged using IEC 61850-6 (SCL) files
22
More on SCL (IEC 61850-6)
SCL Substation Configuration Language a standardized method of describing

Substation power systems Device configuration
SCL can be used to unambiguously describe user requirements for systems and devices. SCL can be used to automatically configure applications and test equipment without connecting to devices reducing manual setup. SCL creates association between device configuration and setup to power system functions enabling more productive design, test, and maintenance processes. SCL enables third party tools for configuration promoting choice and flexibility.
23
Why is IEC 61850 Different?
If adapted fully from engineering to operations, IEC 61850 (and the model-driven) approach is a new process for power system automation and engineering that is designed to dramatically improve the productivity of engineering, implementation, and maintenance of power automation systems.
24
Benefits
Reduced configuration costs:
Eliminates most manual configuration via automatic point name retrieval from devices
Common naming and object models eliminates ambiguity and manual mapping of data points.
Equipment migrations occur with minimal impact on applications. Application changes have minimal effect on devices, network or other applications. Users can specify equipment more precisely eliminating delays and costly rework.
25
Justification
Description
Equipment Purchase
Installation
Legacy
$ $ $$$
IEC61850
Impact
0 +
$$ $ $
Configuration
Equipment Migration
$$$
$$$
$
$
+
+
Application Additions
26
Small Co-op Experience
Substation Modernization Pilot did 2 substations

DNP3.0 over TCP and UDP IEC 61850
Time to get DNP3 relay communicating: ~ 1 day Time to get IEC 61850 relay communicating: 20 minutes
They use IEC 61850 (and UCA2) in all substations today.

Estimated savings across this small system: US$108K US$325K
27
Large Midwestern Utility
Using Legacy Protocols:
40-50 manhours minimum to configure/install an RTU for data collection using legacy RTU protocol.
Using IEC 61850:

Simplified configuration. Network devices and configuration at much lower cost. Already have secure corporate WANonly need to use it. Instead of spending time configuring RTUs they will be integrating more substations. PRODUCTIVITY.
28

Relay to Relay Applications
Protection Messaging a.k.a. Peer-to-Peer messaging

Legacy Hardwired Architecture

Breaker
Relay 2 1
Breaker
2 5 6 Relay 3 3 Relay 4 Hardwired signals for relay to relay links

Breaker Breaker
Relay 1 4
30
Legacy Architecture

Requires N*(N-1)/2 links for N relays. Requires filtering on links to prevent false trips.
Reprogramming can require rewiring.

Dont know if links are working until you use them. Large expense of wires means: wires are minimized
31
IEC 61850 Network Architecture

Network Hub
GOOSE
Relay 1
Relay 2
Relay 3
Relay 4
Breaker
Breaker
Breaker
Breaker
GOOSE - Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (data sets) uses multicast messaging
32
IEC 61850 Network Architecture
Relays share a common network making sophisticated protection schemes possible even across very large distances. Number of links for N relays is N and shared with SCADA. Large savings in wiring costs. Relays send their status to all other relays at once using GOOSE. Status exchanged continuously. High performance. Incremental cost for adding a new signal using GOOSE is ~ $0
33
Benefits
DRAMATIC Reduction of wiring costs More flexible programming is independent of wiring Reliability: Link status known before use. New capabilities not cost-effective with hardwired systems. Higher performance with more data.
34
Hardwired Performance
8-20ms
Signal
Time
Relay Energizes Contact
Contacts Close Input Threshold Reached
35
IEC 61850 GOOSE Network Performance Requirements
< 3 ms
For Trip messages in transmission bays: < 3ms For Trip messages in distribution bays: < 10ms
Signal
Relay Sends Data to Network I/F
Interface latency, network access and transmission
Relay Receives Data from Network I/F
Time
36
Improved Performance
Network access resolves very fast
Duplex Ethernet switches NO collisions

Data is transmitted multiple times to avoid missing data. Digital error checking instead of analog filtering.
37
Justification
Description
Equipment Purchase
Legacy $ $$$ $
IEC61850
Impact ++ 0
$$ $ $
Installation
Configuration Protection
changes
Flexibility
$$$$
$$$$
$
$
++
++
38

Transducer Interfaces
Legacy Approach
Protection Relay
A/D
Voltages and currents
Bay Controller
A/D
A/D
Input
Breaker Status
A/D
Input
Breaker Status
40
Legacy Approach
Individually and redundantly wired to all devices needing the same signals:

CTs PTs Status Inputs Outputs
Each individual sensor must be calibrated and maintained separately. Incremental cost is exponential (signals x devices) Result is minimization of I/O Analog signal wiring constraints
41
IEC 61850 Approach

Bay Controller
Ethernet
Protection Relay
Ethernet
Fault Recorder
Ethernet
RTU
Ethernet
9-2 Process Bus Ethernet
Merging Unit
A/D
A/D
Input
Breaker Status
42
IEC 61850-9-2 Process Bus
Transducer and I/O signals are shared via a network. Very large savings in wiring costs.
Only one transducer or I/O point per signal.
Minimization of calibration and maintenance.
Incremental cost is linear (signals only)
CT/PT signals can be sent across long distances
Future: Integrated merging unit with digital fiber optic transducers

43
Justification
Description
Equipment Purchase Installation Configuration Flexibility
Legacy $$$ $$$ $$ $$$
IEC61850
Impact + + + +
$$ $ $ $
44
Conclusion
IEC61850 substation architectures provide significant benefits to users.
Key intangible: flexibility to accomplish new objectives that are too costly (or not possible) with legacy technology.
Justification is challenging but realistic.
45
Why So Little Penetration of IEC 61850 in NA?
NA Utilities are vertically integrated
Power system engineering Substation design
Substation engineering
Substation testing Substation commissioning
European (and other) utilities bid substations out turnkey
Utility specs requirements for voltage levels in/out, loads, space, etc. Substations in Europe are expected to be highly automated. Lowest cost credible supplier designs, builds, tests and commissions substations.
46
A Test Question
Substations suppliers bid and won projects in Europe using IEC 61850 without a customer requirement because of which reason?
a) IEC 61850 Costs More to Use b) IEC 61850 Costs Less to Use
47
Vertical Integration and Regulation
NA utilities currently dont require the same level of automation and are successful using legacy approaches. NA Utilities are focused on the costs to transition, not the benefit of using
Training New learning curve Migration of existing systems and processes
Many PUCs do not reward utilities to lower these costs. Regulations cause perverse incentives. This instructor is sure that the benefits are overwhelming and IEC 61850 will prevail in NA as it is everywhere else.
48
Obstacles are those frightful things that appear when you take your eyes off your objective. - Henry Ford
49
Questions - Discussion
50

IEC 61850 Migration
Why is Migration Important?
IEC 61850 delivers significant benefits:

Drastically reduced setup/configuration Standardized naming and configuration More standardized functions (less custom) Higher performance
Without migration, benefits are only available for new systems.
Missed opportunity for cost and performance improvements
52
Replace Existing Equipment
New construction System replacements What about system expansions or upgrades?
Some new equipment but still need to leverage existing equipment while preserving benefits of IEC 61850
53
Migration Strategy
Data Concentrators/Gateways
Preserve existing equipment Wrap the legacy protocol with IEC 61850 to hide the primitive protocols. Isolates the limitations of the legacy systems to enable the benefits of IEC 61850
IEC 61850 is designed specifically to support these concepts.
54
Logical Device Structure

IEC 61850 Clients
WAN to Control Center
IEC 61850 Server

Client Functions
Physical Device
1 to N Logical Devices Logical Device
Logical Device
Logical Node
...
Logical Node
Logical Node
...
Logical Node
Data Data
Data Data
Data Data
Data Data
Communications Driver Process Bus
Field Signals
55
Legacy Device
Example Project Current

Phone Network Control Center
Existing automation for existing feeders

RTU
IED IED
Modem
I/O
56
Example Project New

WAN
Control Center New automation for expansion
Router/ Firewall Station Bus
57
Process Bus
Example Project Migrated

WAN
Station Bus
Router/ Firewall

RTU
LD
IED
Process Bus
LD
IED
LD
I/O
Data Concentrator 58
Example Project Integrated

WAN
Router/ Firewall Station Bus

Logical Device
IED IED I/O

Eliminates maintenance and configuration of separate RTUs
Process Bus
Logical Device
Logical Device
Data Concentrator
59
Example Project Equip. Replacement

WAN
Station Bus
Router/ Firewall
Process Bus
Logical Device
IED
Logical Device
I/O
Equipment Replacement Has Minimal Impact on Existing Systems

60
Object Mapping
Legacy data objects must be mapped to IEC61850 objects

IEC61850 Device
Legacy Device
R400040 R400041 MX.A.PhsA.cVal.mag.f
LD
MMXU1
MX.A.PhsB.cVal.mag.f MX.A.PhsC.cVal.mag.f ST.Loc.stVal
R400042
R400043 R400044 R400045 R400046 R400047 R400048 R400049 R40004A R40004B
XCBR1
ST.Pos.stVal ST.BlkOpn.stVal ST.Op.phsA
PIOC1
ST.Op.phsB ST.Op.phsC
Standards exist (e.g. IEC 61850-80-2) to help in this transition.
61
Benefits of Migration
Eliminates legacy IED tag name and protocol dependencies from applications improving configuration and maintenance. Common network infrastructure for both Minimizes impact of legacy equipment replacement/migration. Manual configuration (mapping) of points only needed for legacy systems.
62

Why Migrate SCADA?
IEC 61850 is a substation automation standard but it is useful for SCADA?

How to use IEC 61850 data models if not the protocols.
SCADA Migration Current

Phone Network
Control Center

RTU
IED
IED
Modem
I/O
64
SCADA Migration Future?
WAN Control Center

LD
IED
IED I/O
LD
Firewall/ Router
Data Concentrator
65
LD
Legacy Model of SCADA Data
Flat set of tags
Client Access by tag name
SCADA
If you dont know how to convert between a power system reference and a tag name you cant find the data.
66
Scale The Legacy Data Model Up to Large SCADA
Where is the high-side load on the 345KV transformer in the airport substation?
67
How do users find this today?
With lots of paper documentation and manual maintenance effort subject to manual error detection and correction.
68
IEC 61850 View of Devices

Brand X
IOC Relay
Brand Y
Diff Relay
PIOC
Measurements MMXU1
PDIF
Measurements MMXU1
SG
CO
PhV
SG
CO
PhV
MMXU1$MX$PhV$phsA$cVal$mag$f
69
Why Migrate SCADA
Which is more intuitive?

R41023 MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag.f
Even user defined tag conventions are proprietary.

Use of IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 (CIM) structures and names is possible in existing systems.
Why waste power system engineers as data base configuration clerks?
70
Questions - Discussion
71

Thank You
Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. 6605 19 Mile Road Sterling Heights, MI 48314-1408 USA Tel: +1-586-254-0020 x103 Fax: +1-586-254-0053 Email: ralph@sisconet.com

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The Standards Based Integration Company

Systems Integration Specialists Company, Inc.

Justification and Benefits of IEC 61850

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

The Justification Dilemma

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

The Justification Dilemma

Engineers View of Justification

The Justification Dilemma

Accountants View of Justification

The Tragedy of Integration and Automation

There are no benefits without some cost

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

About Benefits & Justification

Costs to Change/Migrate in Future

Requires a complete view of cost. Requires a longer time frame.

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

The benefit of using technology is not in the purchase.

The benefit is in using technology to improve operations AFTER the purchase.

Cost Justification Small Use Cases?

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

The Result of Justification One App at at Time

RTUs, IEDs, and Other Field Devices

Substation Data Concentrators and Masters

IT Networking and Computer Systems

Documents, Email, Generic Gateways to Files Customer Sites

Multitude of Legacy Applications and Systems

Control Center Databases IntraNet and Internet Access

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

IT Networking and Computer Systems

Verbs include: request, send, query, authenticate, publish, subscribe

Energy Market and eCommerce Applications

Multitude of Legacy Applications and Systems

Control Center Databases 10

IntraNet and Internet Access

Documents, E-mail, Generic Files

IntelliGrid Architecture http://www.intelligrid.info

Model-Driven Cost Justification

Model Driven Approaches

The Standards Based Integration Company

Benefits of IEC 61850

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

Identifying ALL Costs

Requires a complete view of cost.

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

IEC 61850 is Unique

Cost to install, configure, and maintain

Real object-oriented approach for SA:

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

IEC 61850 Edition 1: Completely New Approach

Standardized Device and Object Modeling

Standardized Conformance Test Cases

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

Traditional Approach: Legacy Data Access by Tag

No Power System Context Device

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

Legacy View of Data

Proprietary tag formats. Arcane addressing:

Driver Wire Rack Device Register/Index # Network

Copyright 2012 SISCO, Inc.

Legacy Object Mapping

Phase B Voltage Phase C Voltage

Activate Phase B Activate Phase C