MATH 240 Spring 2012 Exam 1

CALCULATORS ARE NOT ALLOWED TURN OFF AND STORE ALL ELECTRONIC DEVICES *** THERE ARE QUESTIONS ON BOTH SIDES OF THIS PAPER *** There are ve questions. Answer each question on a separate sheet of paper. Use the back side if necessary. On each sheet, put your name, your section TAs name and your section meeting time. You may assume given matrix equations are well dened (i.e. the matrix sizes are compatible).

1. (21 points) The following two matrices can be obtained from each other by performing elementary row operations. 1 2 0 0 0 4 2 2 4 3 9 2 6 11 1 2 4 21 2 24 4 M = 0 0 1 3 0 3 1 A= 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 3 6 1 30 2 22 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 2 60 1 38 19 (a) (4 pts.) Suppose M is the augmented matrix of a system of linear equations which would be written in matrix form as Cx = b (where C is the coecient matrix of the system). What is b? How many equations are in the system? (b) (3 pts.) If the variables are denoted as x1 , x2 , . . . , which of the variables are the free variables? (c) (3 pts.) Given the matrix A, what MATLAB command produces the matrix M above? (d) (5 pts.) Write the general solution of Cx = b in the following form: a vector plus a linear combination of vectors, where the coecients of the linear combination are the free variables. (For example, if x1 and x2 were the free variables, this would look like u + x1 v + x2 w, where u, v, w are specic column vectors.) (e) (6 pts.) For each of the following, answer TRUE or FALSE. No explanation required. i. If a system of linear equations has a unique solution, then its associated homogeneous system has a unique solution. ii. If A, B are matrices and column 1 of A is a zero column, then column 1 of AB is a zero column. 2. (20 points) (a) (14 points) Determine the set of all numbers h such that the vector v below is in the column space of the matrix B (i.e., v is a linear combination of the columns of B ). You must justify your answer to receive credit. 1 3 3 2 B = 2 10 7 v = 6 5 23 17 h (b) (6 points) For each of the following, answer TRUE or FALSE. No explanation required. i. If T is a linear transformation from R4 to R6 , then T cannot be onto. ii. If A, B, C are matrices such that AB = AC and A is invertible, then B = C .

3. (20 points) (a) (4 pts.) What is the matrix E such that multiplying any 3 3 matrix A from the left by E subtracts 5 times row 3 of A from row 1 of A? 5 1 (b) (8 pts.) Compute the inverse of the matrix A = by applying suitable 6 1 5 1 1 0 elementary operations to the matrix . 6 1 0 1 (c) (8 pts.) Write the matrix A = 5 1 as a product of elementary matrices. 6 1 (This means: for some positive integer k , dene elementary matrices E1 , E2 , . . . Ek such that A = E1 E2 Ek .)

4. (20 pts) For each of the following maps Ti : nd a matrix Ai such that Ti (x) = Ai x for all x. (a) (6 pts.) T1 is the map which takes a vector x in R2 and rotates it counterclockwise around the origin through an angle /3. (b) (6 pts.) T2 is the map from R2 to R2 which reects a vector through the line x1 = x2 . (c) (4 points) T3 is the map from R2 to R2 such that T3 (x) = 4x. (d) (4 pts.) T4 is dened by T4 (x) = T3 (T2 (T1 (x))). 1 0 3 5. (22 points) Recall, the standard basis vectors for R are e1 = 0 , e2 = 1 and 0 0 x1 0 e3 = 0 . Let x = x2 denote a vector in R3 . Suppose T is a linear transformation x3 1 3 5 from R toR . (a) (3 pts.) Write x as a linear combination of the vectors e1 , e2 , e3 . (b) (3 pts.) Show that T (x) is a linear combination of the vectors T (e1 ), T (e2 ), T (e3 ). (c) (4 pts.) Suppose that S is another linear transformation from R3 to R5 , such that S (e1 ) = T (e1 ), S (e2 ) = T (e2 ) and S (e3 ) = T (e3 ). Prove that S (x) = T (x) for every x in R3 . (d) (12 pts.) For each of the following, answer TRUE or FALSE. No explanation required. i. If two columns of an n n matrix A are equal, then the columns of A cannot span Rn . ii. If u, v and w are linearly dependent vectors in R3 , then one of them must be a scalar multiple of one of the others. iii. If A, B are matrices such that AB = 0, then A = 0 or B = 0. iv. If the 3 3 zero matrix is invertible, then 1 + 1 = 3.