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TO DESCRIBE PERUVIAN TERRAIN TO INDENTIFY URBAN OBSTACLES TO GIVE DIRECTIONS LANDMARKS TO INDICATE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND SIZE

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TYPES OF TERRAIN COAST HIGHLAND RAIN FOREST URBAN OBSTACLES GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS VOLCANOS

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Vocabulary Reference

THE COAST

features ['f:t] (v) have as a feature fertile ['f:tal] (adj) capable of reproducing snaking (adj) to wind in the manner of a snake hemmed (v) fold over runs along (v) be in line with split (v) divided drizzle (v) rain lightly

The coast of Peru features deserts, beautiful beaches and fertile valleys. The Peruvian coastline is formed by a long snaking desert hemmed in between the sea and the mountains. The Andes to the east and the cold Humboldt Current that runs along the coast are what make this area so arid. From the Sechura desert to the Nazca plains and the Atacama Desert, the dry coastal terrain is occasionally split by valleys covered by a thick layer of cloud and drizzle in the winter.

THE COAST

Name some of the elements that come to your mind when you see the picture.

THE COAST

An inlet is a narrow body of water between islands often leading to an enclosed body of water

Reef A reef is an undersea growth of coral near or above the surface of the water.

A bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a gulf). Sechura-

Cape A cape is a pointed piece of land that sticks out into a sea, ocean, lake, or river.

A shore is the strip of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea,

THE COAST

Headland: An elevated area of hard rock that projects out into an ocean or other large body of water.

A shoreline is the line that marks the boundary between water and land.

A wharf is a structure on the shore of a harbor where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers

THE COAST

A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake or a sea,

Pacific Ocean Callao Seaport: A place used by ships to load and unload people and goods. Peninsula A peninsula is a body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides. La Punta is a district of the Constitutional Province of Callao in Peru, and one of the six districts that make up the port city of Callao.

landmarks and geographical locations

THE COAST

A coastal plain is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features.

A reservoir ['rezvw:] is an artificial lake used to store water. A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams.

Canals are human-made channels for water.

landmarks and geographical locations

THE COAST

A beach is an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

A harbor is a place where ships and boats can seek shelter from stormy weather, or else are stored for future use.

A Pier [p]: is built for the handling of passengers and cargo onto and off ships or leisure.

Island ['alnd] An island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water.

landmarks and geographical locations

THE COAST

Sand Dunes

Valley A valley is a low place between mountains.

A desert ['dezrt] is a very dry area.

A Wood/Woodland or Forest is the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area.

A Clearing is a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area.

landmarks and geographical locations

THE COAST

Hill A hill is a raised area or mound of land.

Construction Site

Pan-American Highway is a network of roads.

Glass sky-scraper (Armendariz) Gully is a landform created by running water eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside.

landmarks and geographical locations

THE COAST

Slums or settlements in the outskirts of Lima are run-down areas of the city characterized by substandard housing and squalor.

Racecourse - Racetrack (Monterrico).

Antennas for low power FM radio, television, and mobile phone services. Military Airfield or Base

landmarks and geographical locations

THE HIGHLANDS

Vocabulary Reference soar [s:] (v) go or move upward Dominated (v) be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance mountainous ['mantns] (adj) containing many mountains

The Highlands of Peru are a mountainous area dominated by the Andes, where Mount Huascaran soars to 6,768 meters. In the Peruvian highlands, there are two well-defined seasons: the dry season (from April to October), marked by sunny days, cold nights and the lack of rain (the ideal time for visiting); and the rainy season (November to March), when there are frequent rain showers.

THE HIGHLANDS

Plateau ['plt]: is a high plain or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain.

A road bridge a structure built over a river that allows vehicles cross from one side to the other.

A pond [pnd]: is a body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is usually smaller than a lake.

Power is usually transmitted through overhead Power Lines.

landmarks and geographical locations

THE HIGHLANDS

A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

Lakes are generally found in mountainous areas

River- It has many bends.

A mountain range is a single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges

landmarks and geographical locations

THE HIGHLANDS

Crop Fields. Corn, Hay, Wheat, potatoes or cotton. Canyon

Grassland Waterfall Cliff

landmarks and geographical locations

THE HIGHLANDS

The peak is the highest point on a mountain.

The crest is the top of the mountain (ridge) The slope is the angle from base to peak.

The face is the front of the mountain.


The base is the bottom of the mountain.

A volcano [vl'ken] is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from below the surface.

landmarks and geographical locations

Vocabulary Reference

THE RAIN FOREST

winding [wanding] (adj) twisting balmy ['b:m] (adj) mild and pleasant top (v) reach

The rain forest of Peru includes a vast region of tropical vegetation in the Amazon River Basin, home to Peru's largest natural reserves. The vast Peruvian jungle, which surrounds the wide and winding Amazon river, is divided into two areas: the cloud forest, which features a subtropical, balmy climate, with heavy rain showers, and sunny, and the lowland jungle where the dry season for tourism, with sunshine and high temperatures often topping 35C.

THE RAIN FOREST

Rain forests are forests characterized by high rainfall.(Tropical)

River Basin (AMAZON)

A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water.

landmarks and geographical locations

URBAN ENGINEERING

BUILDING

STADIUM

FREEWAY OR EXPRESSWAY
PEDESTRIAN OVERPASS

A FOUR-LANE ROAD

landmarks and geographical locations

URBAN ENGINEERING

f
a

c d

e
h b

___ Road a

__ Neighborhood b

c ___Overpass

d ___ Intersection

e ___ Underpass

___Factory/Refinery f

g ___Green areas

___ Housing development h

landmarks and geographical locations

URBAN ENGINEERING

An Electricity Tower or Pylon ['paln]: is a tall structure, usually made of steel, used to support overhead electricity conductors for electric power transmission.

Water tower is a large elevated water storage container constructed to hold a water supply.

Railroad Station is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight (goods).

Railroad (US) or Railway (UK) Track

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landmarks and geographical locations

URBAN ENGINEERING

Slums or settlements in the outskirts of Lima are run-down areas of the city characterized by substandard housing and squalor.

Racecourse - Racetrack (Monterrico).

Antennas for low power FM radio, television, and mobile phone services. Military Airfield or Base

landmarks and geographical locations

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