English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R.

Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

aa a aa aa a--in abedad adram/m a-maancCararwaarDw-

pronoun stem interrogative enclitic suffix subjective suffix verbal character vowel suffix of verbal substantives prefix suffix prefix-suffix formant tinder adverbial suffix early thematic verbal suffix this elder (tree) cf. *reight chamois

41 41 41 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 44 45

aa a aa aa a--in/-en abedad adream/m ama-/amanclrva-, ruaarDv-

ao, u, u, oa ao o--in obedo(t) ordoum, im, m amuinDr-, inDir(b)ruoerckem-, erskem-

a-, hao u, o oa ao o-in obedo(t) odro-, ordoum/im (h)amuinDir-, inDiraovro-

aa a aa aa habd, habed-, hobedad em am(a)gnDwarajerskn-, jersken-, hersknair-, irjet-, jeta(h)awi-, asu(h)aqr-, aqar-

asa(s)ta-sasuza-kaqarac-

hundred ten pronoun stem daughter here pumpkin hence(forth), from now on

45 45 46 46 46 46 47

asatase asulakqarqaraac(i)-

ovitae-, aiosurak-, tak-, ata-kqoqoreac(i)-, anc(i)-

oao-, haoosurak-, ak(o)qoqoreac(i)-, anci-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

bbbababagabadebam-/bmbanbandalbark-(al-) barcbgerbezberberqbercq-/brcqbeelbeurabecbebzubibilbirbiDbibodbokw-

to pour to tie, to bind, to fasten papa, dad manger, pen net, (spider's) web to tie, to bind, to fasten to wash, to wash oneself to go, to walk; to stagger (out) foot, leg barren, infertile to utter a sound to beat vigorously to blow, to inflate foot, step to shine barn, granary sparrow to steal, to slink, to sneak to be angry, to scream, to yell to hum, to buzz, to drone border, edge; branch to entice, to lure to break, to crumble

47 47 47 48 48 48 48 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 52 52

bbbabuabagabadebam-/bmbanbandalbarkalbercbger-abezberpex-, peqbrcq-inbeel-, beobeurabecbezbzu bibilobirbiDbibodbokv-

bbababogabodabumbonbandalborkburDngar-, garbaz(m)bar[bax-] rck-inbaubare-, bairebacber-elbuz-inbirbilbirbigbordibuk-

bbbababogabum(m)bonbandal-

bbbababd-, badbembar-/br-, br-

bgar-, mgarbazbar-

blb(r)q-, bq[bercq-]

bau-

bebuz-albibilbiDkwbodbik-

support 52 to be delirious, to rave, to be mad 52 stump, stub 52

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

borbalabrb3gb3dwb3dwinbrqenbudebumbulburburdaburtqCbutkabutkarb()ubckwbgg ggg-

spider to sing to fight to nibble (poultry) to growl, to snarl, to grumble pear grove (plum ?) nest down, fuzz to shut, to close, to darken, to obscure plumage, down down and feathers floscule, leaf, sheet bee owl, eagle-owl to pinch, to nip to lean (on), to rest (against) 2nd person objective prefix cf. *e-gto build, to construct to gain, to acquire to pass, put, or run through; to string, to thread

53 53 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 57 58

borbalabrb(r)dvnbrdvinb(e)rqenabudebumbulburburda-

bo(r)baliabirburburdonburdin-

bombulabirburdol-, bundol-, bundin-

brbrg-

budebumbulburburda-

barqwen-, brqenbid-, budbumbulburbundabu(r)tqubutkabutkubu-, (m)ubur-

burtqlbutqubutko-, butkputkarubu(v)bckvnb-en-, b-inggggbickon-, biskonbigg-, rggg-

bg-enggg-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ggab/gbgagaga-moga-re gengwgwalgwalgwamgwangwargwelgwerdgwimra-

to resemble to boil side preverb preverb on the outside; outside to feed calves (sucking udders) objective prefix to leave to stand body to resemble family, kin, kind, species snake side, half fern

58 58 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 62 62

gavgbgangaga-mogare gengvgval-, gol[gvale!] gvamgvangvargvelgverdgvimra-

ggb-, gib[ga-] gogo-mogale gangolop-

ggub-, gib-, ib[ga-] gogo-mogale

eb-/b-

gwgwle!, gwal! gwmengwrehiw-/u-, gwimbra-, gwrimbgz-, zzal-

gzgzaglglogngongrgor-/grgora-

to kindle road, way to tear, to break, to burst to grieve, to mourn to hear, to understand, to comprehend to think, to consider, to think of to lay (eggs) to roll along hill

62 62 63 63 63 63 64 64 64

gz-, gzngzagl-/galglovgen-/gngongrgorgora-

gvergverdgvimrara-, gumara-, gvimorarzzarg(v)gn-, gingongorgolgola-, gvala-

mgvergver(d)-

(n)gzagl-/gil-

gn(n)gongr-, ngorgolagrgwr-/gur-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

g3gwing3cqilg3e-l-

to thunder; thunder flea long

64 65 65

grgvin(r)cqilg(r)el-

gurgin-, gvirgvin-girgincqr-, cqir- mckirgra-/e-, gna-/e-, gireg(u)gugulgudagorgolgurr(v)d d t t da da do doda(l)dade-, dadtuntgine-, guneggugulgudagurgulgu(r)(v)t, -d d t [-t] da da do doda(l) dade-, dat(m)tut-

gurgwnzisq-, zsq-

gugugulgudagurgwalgulgs-/gusd d d d da da da dadada-didda(s)tw-

to become accustomed to, to become used to; to train cuckoo leather bag thunder; to thunder heart to weave verbal suffix passive suffix subjective suffix suffix suffix enclitic particle, signifying conditionality and preverb sister elder sister bear

65 65 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 68 68 68 68 69 69 69 70

gu(v)gugulgudagurgvalgulksovd d t d da da da dadamdad(e)datv-

ggo-, gigu-, gegogrgalgwi-/gu-, gui-/d d d d

udil-, widilddw-, dedw-,

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

dgdgam-/dgmdg-indedadeda-mtildeda-ld(w)diddikadindgeld(l)aqwdndrek-/drik-/ derkduddu(s)tededwebdldlez-/dlizdqae-

to stand to put, to place, to set, to stand to put, to place, to set mother mother-in-law hen to lie, to lay, to put big (winter) wheat black wax elbow to melt to bend, to curve tip moon, month day to mix, to splash to soften, to grow soft to tear, to rend goat character vowel

70 71 71 71 72 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 74 75 75 75 76 76 76 77 77

dg-/dekdgam-/dgmdgin-/dgendedadeda-mtildedald(v)-/devdiddikadindgel(n)idaqv-, daqvdn-/dendrek-/ drikdudtvededveb[dl-] dlez-/dliztxae-

dgdgum-, dgimdgindidadia-mtirdaduld(v)diddgvindgvdudn-, dindirak-/ dirik-/dirkdudtutada-, daldvab(n)duldiraz-/diriztxa-, txale-

dgdgimdgindidadida-nti(r)edadulddw-, dedwd(v)ddid(m)dikadindgu-, dundgdu(r)qudin-, (n)dundrak-/ drik-/drukdud(m)tuta (n)da-, daldval(n)dul(m)txa-, (m)txal- daql-, daq(h)een-

dtwdggem-/gm-

dudldodul-, dotullad-, lade-, lde-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ee eb e-gelen/-n en/-n ertes e-se(s)te-kekswewwarg-/(w)rgwarcxwwarwasxwaC-

prefix conjunctive suffix thematic suffix of present; plural suffix this, that to flash (lightning) suffix of verbal derivation suffix of passive one suffix demonstrative pronoun stem toponym suffix there six wild boar, pig to be fit (for), to serve to comb hair cf. *(s)a-war-elto lend apple

77 78 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 82

ee eb e-gel[-en/-n] n ertes es-e et ekekvsevvarg-/rgvarcxnvasxval-

aa ep

aa (e)pe

ee

e-val[-an/-n] a(n) artes e-i at (t)ekamv[askv-] rgrcxon(r)sxukurrg(n)cxonmargval[-an/-n] an ar(t)es e-o at (h)eka(n)en/-n

eed usgwa-, uskw-

wacwelwenaqwer

ram field vine not

82 82 83 83

vacvelvenaxver

oDve(l)binexva(r)

cxwisgw-/ okur-, ukur-, usgw-, uki(r)-, okur- wisg-/usg-, wiskw-/uskwoD-, boDwabinex-, benexva(r)

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

wercxCwerwerxwwidwicq-(d)

silver ram aspen to start, to leave to drive in, to hammer in

83 84 84 84 84

vercxlververxvved-/vidvicq-, vicqd-

varDxilerverxv-, vexidDqolad-, Dqolid-, Dqordul-, urrtrt-, nton pi(r)Da(p)z-/zu[zo-] zotonjerxw-, werxwidD(k)ond-, Dondrullt-/rtrt-, mton, -ol [pirDe-] pz-

wlwltwltw w3ce-lwszzaza-mtarzepzwzidzisxCzm-/zomzmanzmuzrd-

to start, to leave to divide, to separate to escape suffix wide, broad to fill to press, to knead year, season winter to strike (on), to pound (on) to have young, to calve to pull, to drag, to draw blood to measure to dream to scream, to squeal, to yelp to grow, to grow up; to raise,

84 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88

val-/vlvltlt(v)nvrcelvszel-/zil[za-] zamtarz(v)epzvzidsisxlzomzmanzmuzard-/z(r)dPage 8

ttw-

gw-/gwezihzj-, zw-

zapz(w)zi(n)dzisxr-, zisxir-, zisxerzm-, zimzddi(n)cxirzum-, zimzmonzum-inrdzisxzum-/zm-, zm-, zem-

zum-inrd-

()rd-

English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

zrz-inzurazwazudezezedazenzwawtaltapCtetetrtelteltenten-eb-a testesCtwalttxeltib-

to raise, to bring up to be excited, aroused; to cause confusion female sea fence, wall up, upwards, upper upper avalanche to cut, to hew, to plane, to shave honey light: cf. *ten-, *na-tewhite suckling pig to press, to crush, to squeeze to shine, to become visible dawn, daybreak to sow seed eye thin grass

88 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 94

zrzen-/ zrzinzurazvazudeze zedazenazvavtal/tltapltetrtelteltenten-eb-a testesltvaltxeltiv-a

Page 9

zrzn-, zirzinzvazudei indoini(n) indoinaj-, j-, htoltopurzurazua-, zua-, (m)zoazurjzuwa-, uwa-, wawid-, zwidi

topu(r)-, topr-

tu-, twit(w)etne-, twetw(e)ne-

tu-, tultantan-ap-a tastastoltxitxutip-

tilatantan-ap-a tastastoltitxu-, tutxutiptel-/tlten-/tn-

te-/terdtxel-

English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

tibtitxwtiqatma-

to mow to soil, to stain, to dirty soil, ground, clay hair

94 94 94 95

tibtitxntixatma-

tiptxitxondixa-, dexatoma-, tumatomal(n)tr-, (n)tir-

tip(n)dixa(n)toma-, (n)tomaltir-, tor-, turtr-/tirtr-

trtrt3ttkwtkw-am-/tk(w)-mtxaztxamtxamCtxetxewltxletxmeltxoii

to carry, to drag, to pull to drink to tremble to say, to tell, to speak to say, to tell, to speak to plait, to weave top pus to spill to catch, to search for, to look for feeling of resentment underlying guilt alder to propose, to marry

95 95 96 96 96 97 97 97 98 98 98 99 99

tr-/tertr-/tver(< *ter-w-) trttkvtkvam-/tkmtxztxem[txaml-, txraml-] txe-/txitxevltxle-

tirt-oltk(v)tkum[txoz-]

tirt-intk(v)tkumtxoz-

kw-

txum-, txwimtxomur-, txumur- txomu(r)-, txom(b)r(n)txntxtxltxolo-

txolo-, txoletxemla-, txmela- txomu-, txumu- (n)txomu-, ntxombutxovtx(v)tx(v)ii ii (h)ii ii

distal demonstrative pronoun stem 99 subject-object case marker 99

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

iiia it il il i-main isarisCi-si-s i-s-a i-s-d i-s-eulipkCi-kkkakkakabkakalkaka-nkalkar-/kr-

subjective prefix objective prefix nominal suffix instrumental suffix participial suffix suffix of nominal derivation pronoun stem causative suffix arrow sedge demonstrative pronoun stem genitive case marker directional case marker secondary case suffix derivational affix wheat there, thither to take to knock partridge walnut to cackle to be missing, to lack, to be short to tie together, to bind

100 100 100 101 101 101 101 102 102 102 102 103 103 103 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 106 106

iiia it, -t il il i-main, -en isarislis-e is, -s [-isa] isad iseulipklik(a)kavkakkokobekakalkakankel-/klkar-/kr-

iiia it, -t il, -ir ir i-muin isind-, isndisir-, (l)isri-o, vi-o i, - ia, -a (i)o(t) (i)orirkikkun-, kinkakkakabkakalkarkalkorkr-, kir-

iite(n) ir (h)i-muin isiisir(h)i-o a ot

ii-

i-min

(i), -e (i)-d (i)alitk-

(h)ikknkankkakalkarkalkorkor-, kirkak-, gak(a)karkac-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

kackb-inkb-ilkedkedel-

man, person; man, male to bite tooth to build, to construct wall

106 106 107 107 107

kackbin-/kbenkbil[ked-] kedel-

koDkibirkbir-, kibirkidkdala-, kdela-, kida(la)katkkon-, kikonkic-, kckD-, kiDkumkuDxkoxakvarkvarkvaliakunor[kanDx-] kvatkurcx-

koDkibinkibi(r)-, kibr-, kirb-, Dibrkid-, kodkida-, koda-

D-/Da-

Dwed-, Dwd(< *Dedw-)

ketkekwkeckeckwam-/kwmkwamCkwarcxCkwaxekwerkwerkwerkwenrkwercxkweskwe(s)tkwircx-

to add, to admix to peck, to bite, to eat a little at a time clay to put together, to heap, to pile up to smoke smoke foot unripe, immature, sour flat, round cake; round round marten to break, to crush to crush, to strike fire to flog, to whip; to kill to be awake

108 108 108 108 108 109 109 109 110 110 110 111 111 111 111

ketkenkkeckeckmkvamlkvarcxlmkvaxekverkvekverakvernakvercxkveskvet[kvircx-]

katkikonkic-

mkomkuDxekoxakvarkorkolakvenu(r)kvanDx-

kwXmkwam-, kwmDisx-, Dx-

rkwen-, k(w)enkwe-/kw-

kvatkuncx-

kwed-/kwd-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

kikibokidkitxkCdekodkodkodalkowzkonkordkoon-

to cry, to shout crawfish, crayfish to take, to hang to join, to twist together, to intertwine rock to fell, to hew, to flog, to whip vessel woodpecker spoon to tie together, to bind block gnat, mosquito

112 112 112 112 113 113 113 113 113 114 114 114

kivkibokidkitxkldekodkodkodalkovzkonkordkoo-, koona-

rkikibo-, kiboiaki(n)dkitxkrde-, kirde[kod-] kodkd-, kidukovz-, kz-, kiz-

ki(r)-, k(r)-, k(r)ikidki(n)tx-, Ditx-

kl-

kid-/kd-

klde-, k(il)de[kod-] kodkid-, kod-, (m)-kudkuz-, kizDonkordko(r)on-

koo(na)-, kounia-

koon-, kuun-, knkr-

krkrawkrebkrepk3tk3kil-

to shine, to glitter lamb to gather (together), to collect to gather, to collect, to pick (fruit) to frighten, to be frightened moth

114 115 115 115 115 116

krkravkreb-/kribkrep-/kripkrtrkil-

krib-, kiribkorobkoropkutki(r)kil-, kikit-

ko(r)ob-

(m)kut-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

k3kok3twkroxkroxkud-

acorn to peck, to bite to cackle brood-hen tail

116 116 116 117 117

rkokrtnkruxkruxkud-

k-, kikrton-, kirtonkuxkudel-

kirtonk(r)ox-, kljux- kroxkruxkudelhakwd-, hked-, akwedkukulkurkakuskutukumx-

kukulkurkakuskutukupxalag-/lglallawlalblekwlellel-cemlems- || leps-

kidney, bud stone to moan, to groan small, little bunch of grapes to put to bark, to bay flesh, meat lip to make soft, to make mild, to moisten puppy cane, rush, reed reed needle

117 117 117 118 118 118 119 119 120 120 120 120 121 121

kukur-, kokorkurkak(r)uskutakupxallaglallevlalblekvlellercam-, lelcamnems-

kvikvil-

kuskutu-

ketol-, keDol-

rglalluleDkvliblakv[lar-] larDam-, larDemle(p)-, li(p)-

rglalluleklib-, loblak-, laD-

la-/llew-

lem-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

lesloklwltwlukupxalulmmm--em--elmamamamad makemakenmalmamamama-lmama-mtilmarcxmarcx-enmarcqwmarw-

to rub to lick to eat to wet, to soak buckthorn to doze, to sleep 1st person objective prefix participial prefix prefix-suffix formant prefix-suffix formant word-forming prefix which?, what? third person pronoun stem preverbal prohibitve particle heavy to grow heavy, to grow stout fox father male; cock, rooster father-in-law failure, defeat left(-handed) dug-out, mud hut adroit, dexterous

121 121 122 122 122 123 123 123 123 124 124 124 124 125 125 125 126 126 126 127 127 127 128

lesloklonltlukupxalulmmm--em--el[ma-] ma-

las[las-] lo(n)tk-, lok- lo(s)krskon-, riskonrt(v)_ lukuxa-, lekuxalur-, rulm-, p-, p-, b[m-] lukumxa-, nukumxalirm-, p-, p-, bm-

lek-, lk-

mm()m--e-

m--almumu-

mo(n)kamaken-/makn- monkanmelamelamamamamalmama-mtilmarcxmarcxenamarcqvmarve-

m--almumumo(t) monkamonkanmel-

mj-, maj[m(a)-] mXd(e), med(e)

muma-, mumal- [muma-] mumulmumul-, mamulmua-ntitmtirkvarDxkvarDxan-

mXl-, mal-, ma(l)wm-

basqi-, bsqmorgv-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

marwmarwenmase-/amatC(< *ma-tC-) matqCmaqwma(n)Dw-

to conquer, to overcome right(-handed) net, fishnet worm wool, fleece blackberry badger

128 128 128 129 129 129 129

marvmarvenamasematlmatqlmaqvalma(n)Dv-

morgvmargvanmosamunturmontqormu-, muemu(n)Dkv-

margvan-

lrsgwn-, lersgwen-

muntur-, muntrmontko(r)muqmunDk(v)-, munDx-, munDq-

mtq-, matq-

maxamgelmg3godmeme--em-egr-elme(n)me-rcx-al-

kind of wheat wolf round word-forming prefix nominal prefix-suffix formant Mingrelian I swallow

130 130 130 131 131 132 132 132

maxa(m)gel(m)rgvalmeme--emegrelme(n)-, menamercxal-

gerrgvalmama--amargalmamarDixol-, maDrixol-, maDirxol-

moxamge(r)mu(r)gvalmama--a(n)margal- (?) ma(n)

mwergirgodmeme--emi-

meserme-up-eme-px-eme-cwelmze-

fence; palisade sovereign, ruler manger, crib (for cattle) milkmaid sun-

133 133 133 133 133

mesermepemapxamecvelmze-

masarmapamaDvalba-

masar[mapa-] manDval-u mo(r)a-,

meser-, masrmpxem-/mi-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

mu(r)a-, mo(r)amtmtknarmtilmimi-nmkalmkerd(< *m-kerd-) momo-zrd-ilmrtelm-rw-i-e (m)3msxalmsxwilmtwelmtilmtkawelmuqCmqanmpreverb adult safe, healthy muddy, cloudy to fade, to grow dim pear thick, large nought, nil greens, vegetables span knee to graft to be hungry 136 136 136 136 137 137 137 138 138 138 138 139 139 momozrdil(m)telmvriemr(m)sxalms(x)vilmtvermtilmtkavelmuxlmqen-/mqnicf. *za-mtarto gape, to yawn cf. *deda-mtil-, *mama-mtilpreverb who? grasshopper, locust breast 134 134 134 135 135 135 135 mtknar-, pknar- kir-, kilmivinkaliamkerdmi-, memi(n) kolkdr-, kidirmomordiltarlandvirsxulxu-, xtver[rt(v)in-, rtil-] tku-, tk-, tkoumuxuronkir-, krmomorde(r)mir-, bircxul(m)Dxumtver[ntul-] mtkotwi(l)artam-, lertm(w)icx(w)-, wicx-/ucxmkor-, nkormeminmkol-, nkolmDwed-, muDod-

(b)r-, (b)ir- ir-

mpon(m)ko(r)-, kir-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

m-w-em-w-enmwildmciremcidamcnmcermcikumcqsmcqesmimDadmDlemxalmxarmxulmqarm-qc-oann n-

birth; child beautiful onion small, little span to leave, to bequeath, to entrust, to assign insect, fly to soil, to make dirty to keep watch, to watch over herdsman, shepherd fist bread thin, skinny, emaciated vegetables, greens to eat lizard shoulder grey with age 3rd person subjective suffix to want, to desire

139 140 140 140 141 141 141 142 142 142 142 142 143 143 143 144 144 144 144 145

[mo-] mveniermvildmcire(m)cidamcn-/mcenmcermcikcqesmcqems[mi-] (m)DadmDlemxal-, pxalmxarmsulivmxarmxcovann n-

skua-, skualskvam-, skvam- mskvakvil-, kvindciraci(n)damcidaDinmDinDan-, Dandcik(v)Dqe-, DqiDqe-, Dqi-, DqixDkd-, DkidDkolaxulxolar-, xvilar-. xvelarxurDin(u)n mxormtxolar-, xoluramxu-, pxuxDin-, kDinn nmDamDke-, mDemDke-, mDemix-, nix(m)Dud-, mDkid-

sge(j)-, ske-, msgejmusgwen-

mr-

meqr-, meqar-

n-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

nanadna-tena-kwercx-alnananenedCne-zwnenane-rgne-rcqwnini-kapni-kartniwnoqanu nqwjorobolodeorb-

participial prefix friendly help light splinter mom word-forming prefix fresh, damp small female cattle language seedling, sapling spittle word-forming prefix chin beak, bill snout, lip low-lying place prohibitive particle to throw over, to fall down two orphan as soon as, while eagle

145 145 145 145 146 146 146 146 147 147 147 147 148 148 148 148 148 149 149 149 150 150

nanadnatelnakvercxalnana[ne-] nedlnezvenanergnercqv[ni-] nikapni(s)kartniDvnoqa-, noqonu mxor-, vorobol[ode-n-] orb-

[no-] nodnotenakvaDxirnana[na-] ladr-, ladirninanarg-

nonode(r)notenokanDxulenana[na-] ladre-, lardenenalenckv-a-, lemDkv-a-

nanad(w)-, ned-

[ne-, na-] nezwnin-, nnnqw-, nxw[ni-] nikpa-, nipkanikrat-, nikrt-

[ni-] nk-, niku-, nuku-

[nu-] nu(n)ku-

ni(n)gvnoa-, noonu xur-, irombolodoobrnoaxuu(r)-, u(r)[no] nqwjori-, jerbi-

wodewerb-/orb-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

o(s)tx(w)opCopopokroocoqarpapalperperperper-

four sweat, perspiration hoopoe gold twenty solitary, lonely old man stump, stub to fly, to flutter butterfly

150 151 151 151 151 151 152 152 152 153

otxoplopopokro(v)ocoxerpapaper[per-] peepla-

otxup(u)opoporkoeD-

o(n)txo-, otxuupopampeokroeD-

wotx(w)wep-, wopopopa-, opop(w)okwrwoqar-, wiqar-

papu-

papu(l)[pa-] parpal-

prperpepel-, prpold-, prpndpil-, bil-

parpal(ia)-, paparalialinpipirpurDinputon-

pilenpirpirpurcinpuputwrracxre rekreqrtw-

copper edge to remove with a scythe to utter a sound to cut, to hew to pluck birds to be to count enclitic particle to knock, to beat, to strike to drive (cattle) to cover

153 153 154 154 154 154 154 155 155 155 155 156

spilenpirpirprucinpput(n)rracxre rekrekrt-

pi-

[pu-]

ko-rocxle ra(r)t(v)le [rak-] t(v)-

rko-(r)ocx-, ko-recxrekreq-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

rtxrtx-mrkinarkurtqrumrkarkwrkw-am-/ rkw-mrk-inrwrDrcrcxrcrcqarcqw-

to throw on the ground to throw on the ground iron tortoise to gird to become dark horn, antler to cover to cover to butt to destroy, to demolish, to pull down to listen to spread to wash to swing, to rock water to vomit

156 156 156 157 157 157 157 158 158 158 158 158 159 159 159 159 160

rtxrtxm(r)kina(r)ku-, kuvrtqrumrkarkvrkvam-/rkmrkin-/rkenrvrDrexrecx-

(r)txtxm-, txim(r)kinakurtqrumka-

ntxntximerkina- (?) tkkra-, kia-

[rtx-]

rtq-

rkw-/rakw(r)kw-emkirin(r)vrDkrDrDx(r)DDxnccka(r)-, carnDkv-al-, mDk(v)r-/ra[rDx-] nkin-, nkirrw-/rew-

rc[rc-, nc-] cqalcqarrcqv-/rcqav- [rDqv-]

[qw-]

s s sasamsar-

allomorph of the personal subjective prefix h3rd person subjective suffix interrogative pronoun stem three to throw, to hurl

160 161 161 161 161

s s sasamsar-/sr-

s, -c s || -c sosum[sir-]

s s sosum[sir-]

s s semi-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

sawsaselsenswsw-am-/sw-mswesirsieskaskwsCksmsm-insokosrsrats3ss3swilstwstw-insursxepsxwen-

thrush to try flax you, thou to take by the hand, to lead to take by the hand, to lead wing a kind of small bird son-in-law beehive to tie up to lick to hear to listen fungus to slip, to slide to destroy to lead by the hand lichen cf. *stw-into whistle, to sing ivy to prune branches roof, garret

162 162 162 162 163 163 163 163 163 164 164 164 164 165 165 165 165 165 166 166 166 166 166 167

avsa-/sselsvsvam-/smsvesirsieskaskven-/skvinslek-/sliksmsmin-/smensoko-, zokosrialsretsres-/srissirsvilstvin-/stvensurosxep-/sxipsxven-

zeskvzo(p)susis(v)sum(p)suasindsi(n)a-, sinda(p)skaskv-, skvsirksimsiminsokorsiolsirotsirsolsursuvitin-

mzesku-, mzesku[su-] si(n)s(v)sum(p)sva-, psua-, msuasiamska-, mckaskv-, skvsimsimin-, sibinsokosursm-/smsminsok(w)-

si-

De-

msursu-, msirsustvin-, stvin(m)su-, msi- || psicxap-

sxapcxven(d)-,

cxwp-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

sxwerpsxlsxl-et-/sxl-it-/ sxC-tsxmartC(s)a(s)a-gz-al(s)a-dg-is(s)a-warcx-ar(s)a-war-el(s)a-ws-e(s)a-rcx-el(s)a-rc-e(s)a-stun-al(s)a-swm-el(s)a-car(s)a-cexw-el(s)a-cnex-el(s)a-Dm-el(s)a-xC-

to seize, to clench, to grasp to prune branches to slip, to slide medlar word-forming prefix breakfast awl comb sitting full linen (for washing) cradle head of the bed drink, beverage sieve step, rung winepress (for grapes) food building, house

167 167 167 168 168 168 168 169 169 169 169 170 170 170 170 170 171 171 171

[sxverp-] sxlsxlet-/sxlit-/ sxltzmartlsasagzalsadgissavarcxelsavarelsavse[sarcxel-] sarcev-, sarcebsastunalsasmelsacersacexvelsacnexelsaDmelsaxl-

cxvin(d)sxupcxilat-/ cxilit-/cxirtcxumu(n)turoorzolodgiorcxon-, orcxondoru-, oro-, orzoopa-, epaorDxalonceortumeloumal-

cxopltcximunturo-

cxo(n)tcxl-

zunt(u)-, ntula- (?)

o(n)cxo-

(j)opaoncelomtunaloncoru-, onciruonDaxul-e

oDinax(u)oDkomal-, oDkumal[oxor-]

oDinaxuoDkomal-e, okomal-e oxor-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

(s)a-qs-ar(s)t(s)i(s)i-zmar(s)e-

joint to spin prefix of nominal derivation sleep, dream milk

171 172 172 172 172

saxsarrt-, stsisizmarre-

o(n)cxondrti-

o(n)cxonlet-, lti-, eizmoe-, ezmoeba-, ba-, ma-, ma[--] (v)umwanuol-, velvan[va-] tivem-/wmwrdugw-, tugwda-, tadu-/dw-, sgjtxar-/txrdix-, tix(m)tutkva(n)(n)txo(r)(n)txir-, mtxiri-

ba-

le-

sswsw-am-/sw-mswanswelswelsw-ensw-er(s)tagw(s)taw(s)to(s)towC(s)tkwen(s)txar-/(s)txr(s)txilsisisin-

pronoun stem to drink to drink Svan wet, moist to wet to rest deep breath mouse head to go (on snow) snow possessive pronoun: yours to dig, to burrow small nut to swell to stuff oneself, to eat one's fill

173 173 173 174 174 174 174 174 175 175 175 176 176 176 177 177 177

[-s-] svsvam-/smsvansvelsvelsven[sver-] tagvtavtovtovltkventxar-/txrtxilsivsisin-

[--] (v)umonu(e)-, ol-, oj[van-] [va-] mtug-, mtujtutr-, tirtkva(n)(n)txo(r)txiriniin-

[--] (w)-

(m)tvi(r)-, mtur- tu(w), tu-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

sloksrsulsursxsxwasx-mtba(tab-/)tbtbidtewtiteptextwintiztiz-wtikwtitweltkactkebtkec-

to hiccup to destroy thought to breathe, to sigh to put up, to hang other, another, different to put up, to hang lake to warm (oneself) warm to leave, to let go, to release to keep, to maintain, to support, to hold bark (of wood), crust, upper layer to break brain louse to look for, to seek to skip, to jump naked, bare to hit, to strike, to slay to trample down, to tread (under foot) to beat, to strike, to hit

177 177 178 178 178 178 179 179 179 180 180 180 180 180 181 181 181 181 181 182 182 182

slokinsr-/sarsulsursxsxvasxam-/sxmtbtbtbiltevte-/ti[tep-] textvintiltizntikntitveltkactkeb-, tkeptkec-,

ikinr-, irururxxvaxm-, ximtoba-, tobotb-, tibtbu-, tibutal(n)ti(r)-, tr-

ikinirururDkva-

dkun-, tkunur-/wrexu-

toba-, tibatub-, tibtibu-, tubutal(n)ti(r)-, (n)ti(n)-/(n)tr-

tub(a)tb-idtebid-, tebedi-, tebdi-

teptaxtvinti(j)tionti(r)kontuteltaxmtition-, tiinte(n)telt(k)oD(n)tkab-, tkaptkaDtinti-, titamtkebtkeD-/tkDti-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

tkwertlen(n)ktottradttentuatutatqawtqar-/tqrtqe(n)tqirptqoctqwtqubuuu--es ube-/aun upe-/a(u)puelucq-

to crack (a nut) to lick one's lips (of animals) branch, bough, arm pigeon, dove to stuff, to pack (tightly) udder ashes skin, hide to have diarrhea wood(s), trees spleen to throw, to cast, to fling to report, to let know, to communicate twins verbal character vowel prefix prefix-suffix formant (comparative-superlative) bosom, breasts causative suffix navel to have, to possess yuke to see

182 182 182 183 183 183 183 183 184 184 184 184 184 184 185 185 185 185 185 186 186 186 186

tkictkvertle(n)ktot(m)tredtentuatut(a)tqavtqorintqetqirptqorc(n)tqvtqubuuu--es ubeun upe[up-] uelucq-

tkvarlo(n)tktot-, tvatvtorontitintu-, ttutatqeb-

tkvarntkvaltotto(r)otumtutat(k)ebt(k)o(r)in(m)tka-

tkur-ntot-, t(w)etttn-/ttntt(a)-, dttqrntqentqc-

tqa(l)tqiptqvac-, tkvac- t(k)vactqvtqup-, tkub- tqubuuu--a (l)uba-, lba[-un] ompapuuorquuu--a

tqwibu-, ou-

uba-, oba[-un] un umpa-, ompa[p-] waoc(k)-

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palpantparpaswpapapaparpacurpetkpertxpetwpepinpir(s)twporcopocxpocxprinpricp3txp3twinp3cxap3cx-enps-

to hide, to conceal to throw about, to scatter to cover root porridge, gruel mane to fuss, to bustle to fight, to strike, to beat to shake millet to burst, to blow up, to explode to spread easy mucus, slime rake to rake together to fly to tear, to rend to tremble, to quiver to snort, to sniff fingernail, claw to comb to urinate

187 187 187 187 187 187 188 188 188 188 188 189 189 189 189 190 190 190 190 190 191 191 191

pal-/plpantparpesvpapapaparpacurpetkpertxpetvpin-/penpiltvlorcopocxpocxprin-/prenp(x)ric-/ p(x)recprtxprtvinprDxilprcxenps-

pulporpos(ve)papirpoporpucorpartkalpartxpatpak-, pekpinpirtv-, pivpercobucxbucxpurinburic(p)ntx-, txpurtinbircxa-

mpulpant-, pntpar-/prposopapapapalpa(r)tkalpatxpat(m)pinpurpupe(n)co-, pecebucxbu(m)cxpurtinbric-/brucputxpurtinbu(r)cxacxns-nbetkpetw-, ptwpig-/pgpnprwda-, peretwa-

pacx-/pcx- (?)

p(r)tx-n-, brd-n-

pucxon-, pucxol- pucxol(p)sps-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ps-mpse-lpupu-inpurpurDpupulpucpkwpkw-ilpalapxpxakkab-/kbkb-unkad-/kdkd-unkatamkam-/kmkar-/krkartwelkartulkacwke(n)k-

to urinate urine to blow, to inflate to blow, to inflate cow to whisper abscess, boil to vow, to take a vow to grind, to mill meal, flour hops warm cartilage, skeleton pronoun stem to know cf. *kab-/*kbto be mistaken, to be wrong cf. *kad-/*kdhen to make to disperse, to scatter Georgian (n.) Georgian (adj.) sea buckhorn to rummage, to delve into

191 192 192 192 192 192 193 193 193 193 194 194 194 194 195 195 195 195 195 196 196 196 196 197 197

psm-/psampselpuvpuvnpurpuDunpupulapicpkvpkvilpala[px-] pxa[-k-] ceb-/cbcdkatamkam-/kmkrkartvelkartulkacvkek-

psmpselapupunpupurckinpupulpuDk(v)k(v)ir-

psimpsel-, mselpupunpurDolpupu(r)-

pwpwin-, pjnpr-/pur-, pirw-

xa[-k-]

mk(v)[pk-] mki(r)-, mkve(r)-, pkverpkvela[px-] [pxw-] mxapxa[-k-] kab-/kb-

Dilat-/Dilit-/Dirtkotomkimkirkortukortulkuc-

Dulet-/Dit-

kd-/kad-

kotume-, korme- katalkum-, kom-, kip- Dwem-/Dwmkir-/korkortukortulkankknk-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

kelkwakwabkwekwekwisCkiankmarkmnknkonkremC-

to recover one's breath stone, rock cave, cavern down, underneath, below affirmative particle brother-in-law to rock, to swing husband, man to make to wave, to rock, to swing fat (of body), brain a tear

197 197 197 197 198 198 198 198 199 199 199 199

kelkvakvabkvek(v)ekvislkiankmarkmn knkoncreml-

(n)kalkua-, kualkvib[ko-] kokviilkionkomonkiminkirinkonDilamur-

kva-, kva(l)[ko-] kokwaba- (?) kw[kw-] komo-, kimoDwemin-/Dwmin(n)kiminnkin-, nkirkun-, kinDilamre-, Delamre-, Dalamure-

kim-, kmr-

k3cxmCk(s)tkursCkcamenar-/raradararebele-

hornbeam to revolve, to rotate heel to revolve, to turn last night to cry, to shout; to sing goose to cry, to shout to paint, to color ravine

200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 202

rcxila-

cxemur-, cximurrt-

cxemu(r)-, mcxubrkt-

cxm-, cxum-, cxwimkd-/ked-

kuslkc-/kecamemer[ered-] aradebele-

kurs-, kurc-, kur- kus-, ku(r)Dk(v)umaor-, varoronaralapal(u)oma(n)mororoa(r)alapalar-/rarXd-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ermatererileDwwarCwedwiwwinoiritiniDwlet-/litliamuobobeomuororororekrin-

god to grind, to mill coarse-ground flour to chew to have darnel, cockle strap, thong to rot, to decay wine to threaten to tickle to rub to tear armpits to howl, to wail to braid, to plait (wattle-)fence, hurdle Setaria italica pig, swine to deceive, to cheat, to trick goby (fish) to bend, to curve to growl, to snarl

202 202 202 202 203 203 203 203 203 204 204 204 204 204 204 205 205 205 205 205 206 206 206

rmatererileD(v)varlvedvivvinoir-/eritiniDnlet-/lit(i)liamuobobeomororororekrin-/ren-

orontararilaDvurulvedvivvin-

ormot[ar-] arilarDurulvedm ir-

rbet-

(w)wedw(w)in-

xiciniDon-, iDorilat-/ilit(r)iaum-inoboberomueorirak-/irik-/ irkrin-, irin-

xiDonlat-/litalaum-inobobe(r)om(u)eordo(r)gorik-, liki(r)inwrekerdob-/weblalia-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ri3marut3-w3il3Dinuunqaqamalqanaqarqbaqelqwqwaqwanqwarqwelqwer-

to grin opening to grunt to gnaw gum (in the mouth) to grit the teeth to bill and coo to have cherry-plum field to stink jaw neck to make crow to conduct, to direct to love cheese testicle

206 207 207 207 207 207 208 208 208 208 209 209 209 209 209 210 210 210 210

ri-/rermarutunrnrilrDin-/rDenuunqavtqemalqanaqar-/qrqbaqelqv-/qqvqvavqvanqvarqvelqver-

ring-inormavintironirgilrckin-/ irckinuin-

[ing-] rutun-, xrutun- ()urtnirolingilrickin-, rickillckn-

omurvanaorad-/orid-/ ord-

qo-, oqomu(r)-, omurqona-, ona-, jona-

q(a)-

(h)aqba-, qab(w)alvqvaria-, kvariaon-, unorvelvaPage 31

(q)al-, alq(v)-, v-, j(v)-n qva(r)oDwr(q)on-, on-, jon(q)or-, or(q)val-, kvalqva-

[ql-] qurna(j)-

English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

qwerqwerbqwintqwirqwiCqwliwqiqinqleqmqowelqownqorqquaqurqur-udewwwd-/wedwdwel-

to castrate (animals) hearth to sink (into), to plunge (into) to cry, to shout liver bone to crow, to squall, to squawk to freeze penis to starve all to detain, to stay, to linger throat, gullet forehead, brow ear, edge, brim deaf to become, to befit in, inside to let, to allow, to permit to give birth, to be born to remain to choke, to strangle roe (deer)

210 211 211 211 211 211 212 212 212 212 213 213 213 213 213 214 214 214 214 214 215 215 216

qver[qverb-] qvintqvirvilqvlivqi(v)qinqle[qm-] qovelqovnqorqquaqurqru-

qva(r)qebur-, ebur-; keburvintur[qviil-] iinoleumenirqorqelvauurukidak(v)sk(v)skd-, skidkvidskver-

qor[krebul-] qwntqlqwie-, que-

(q)u(r)-

qvil-, ilqiqgn-/qgn(q)in-, inqole-, koleqlaw(q)omin-, mbin- qmir[qon-] qva-, kva(q)u-, uqu(w)aqer-

evvrDxrDvel-

(k)a-, kak(v)sk(v)skid-, skud-, skedk(v)id-, kidmskver-, pskver-, mskver-

gd-/gedsgagwan[sg-] sed-/sd-, sdgwd-/gud-

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venwer-/wrwidw-ilwinret-/rit-/ertuowaubCDan-/DnDemDeDkDweDwenDwenDinDiqwDiDkwDnd-

your to dry, to grow dry seven birth to frighten, to be frightened to put out, to extinguish to become, to befit middle, midst; in the middle (of) forehead, brow can, could be seen; to know my, mine to hollow, to gouge, to chisel, to split to get accustomed to, used to we our, ours to make visible goiter to dig, to burrow to appear, to show, to rise

216 216 216 217 217 217 217 218 218 218 219 219 219 219 220 220 220 220 220

enrvidvilinret-/rit[u-] uaublDan-/DnDemDeDkDve-/DviDvenDvenDin-/DenDiqvDiDknDnd-

skan-, skanskr-, skirkvit[sk-, skil-] (r)skin-, ckinkirat-/kirit-/ kirtskuka-, kaskbu-, skibuDkunDkimDkaDkrDkvaDk-, DkiDkn-, Dkin(r)DkinDiqvaqvDkiDkon(r)Dkind-

skan-, ckanskir-, skurk(v)itskir-, skir-

isgwi-, isguigwid-

mskusguka-, kaisg(a)mskibu-, pskibukun-, DkinDkim-, kimDaDkmi-gwi-, mi-gu-

Dku(n)-, Dkin-, kuDkun-, Dkin-, kun-, kinDkin-

[gwej-] gu-gwej, ni-gwejqwiqw-, quqw-, uwDkind-

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DDwDDwilDxiDxapDxwetDxwikDxrekcacacar-/crcelcelcw-am-/cw-mcwarcwicikcilacinqwacickwclcmcmel-

to soften, to make soft soft, mild to scream, to yell to splash, to splatter to scratch jay to peck, to pick sky, heaven piece to disperse, to sift to mow scythe to put on, to wear dew to fall, to pour, to run out to run (in, into), to stick (in, into), to drive (in, into) white (wild) strawberry to pinch, to nip to peel to oil, to grease, to lubricate fat

221 221 221 221 222 222 222 222 222 223 223 223 223 224 224 224 224 224 225 225 225 225

DDv[DDvil-] DxivDxapDxikvDxrek-/Dxrikcacalcer-/crcelcelcvam-/cmcvarcvi-

DkiDkarDkDk-, DkiDkurDxiDxap-alDxvikDxrikcacalcir-, ncorcalcelcun-, cundc(i)cik(m)ca-, (n)cancor-/(n)cir(n)calDxiDxapDxotDxvikDiDku-, DuDku-

[gw-]

Dxvlet-/Dxvlit- Dxot-

[ca-]

cwemcwar(n)ccigciq-/cq-

cilacmqvacickncl[cm-] cmel-

cilacil(a)-, celacmva-, cimvackckon-, ckickonrc(v)[cm-, cim-] cmu-, cimuprc[cim-] [cimu-]

cin(a)qa-

cm-/cwm-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

comcucccc-incxekcccadcalc-emcem-incencerceccexwcwcwetcwidcncozcoccocxcurcku-

dough to put on, to wear to laugh, to chuckle to laugh, to chuckle ailment, illness cf. *x-u-c-eto beat, to strike; to give to have spare time, to wait (for) to empty to beat, to strike; to give to comb to grow, to grow up, to increase thumb to crumble to pound, to beat, to shake up to guard, to protect, to care for to castrate (an animal) wax to know wife to get into to swim, to float to send, to dispatch

225 226 226 226 226 227 227 227 227 227 228 228 228 228 228 229 229 229 229 230 230 230 230

comcvccincxvek-

comcunc-, icicin-

(n)comcun-, conic-, dicicin-, dicincxik-

cwcwcxek-

ccad-/cdcal-/clcemcemincencerceccexvcv-/cavcvet-/cvit-/cvtcvilcn-/cancolcoccocxcur[ciku-]

DDodDolDamDaminDanDar()DaDDax(v)D(v)DutDirDinDil-/DirDoD-

DDodDodDam(n)DaminDanen-/n-/n-

Dax(v)D(v)(m)DirDinDil[Do-] DeDx-, DDxDwid-

besom (= a broom made of twigs) 230

(n)DurDk(v)-

nDu(r)-, (n)Dvi(r)Dk(v)k(w)-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

cxcxecxwarcxwircximcxowelcxoncxracxrocx-unaxacxweaecxCewinigw3cwuu-

to burn, to bake heat sheep nose fat, grease animal to live nine cold to warm up, to heat up, to bake to lie (down) to spin linden tree firewood fire prickle, thorn to add, to increase to pinch, to nip to take off clothes

231 231 231 232 232 232 232 232 232 233 233 233 233 234 234 234 235 235 235

cxcxelcxvarcxvircximcxovelcxoncxracxrocxunaxcacxveacecxlevin-/enignarcvuu-/e-

DxDxexurDxvindDxomDx(o)u-, DxuDxonDxoroDxuruDuntuxcxacxudikada(n)Dxr-, daDxirda(n)inggon-, gigonrD(v) uu(r)-

DxDxe(m)Dxu(r)-, mcxur-, mkurDx(v)ind-, DxundDxom- (?)

x-/ixxr-

mDxim-

Dxo(v)roDxuruDxun-, Dxvin-

Dxara-

-, ztxducxuzesx-radika-, dikazek- (?) daDxir-, daDxur-, daDxer(n)in-

D(v) bu -

breast (female) 235 to satiate; to become satiated, full 235

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

agarwaCaxaxegerelecwecwwelwenig-igilinirixeimama-didm-arowu-

to poison tendon, sinew dog to call (name), to name name to strike, to beat tree chain willow old to grow old to shiver sheep to sleep, to fall asleep root, bottom stronghold salt brother brother (elder) vinegar to graze, to pasture bitch

236 236 236 236 237 237 237 237 237 238 238 238 238 238 238 239 239 239 240 240 240 240

agarvalaxsaxelgereleckvecn-avel-

ogervooroxoxogar-, gala-, alaDv-

nug-, ogoo(r)ox-, joxoxo-, joxo(n)a-/ma-, (n)al-

ag-/grwe-/aax-/x- (x-) axe-, xe-

ziDon-, DiDon- DiDndve(m)ve()-, nvemvenwin-elwing-n-

igigilinircixe[m-] mamadmarovu-

[ir-] irin()ixaimuima-, imalimad[imol-] ua-

(n)irin-, iriixa(n)umum-, imuma-, umal- mil-, imilumadumo(r)imar- (?) (n)(v)-, m(v)u(w)a-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ww-anwalccacadcamcam-camcarca-re celcwdcwelcwercicipCciccickwckand-/ckndckepCckwertckintC-

to precede to send, to dispatch bone to dip (in, into) preverb: "down, away, off" to wish, to desire moment, instant eyelash to forestall, to have time down year to give straw, chaff beard to squeak beech to stretch to pinch, to nip to ooze out, to exude, to trickle birch (rod), switch to twirl, to twist, to wind dung, excrement

240 241 241 241 241 242 242 242 242 242 242 243 243 243 243 244 244 244 244 244 244 245

vvan-/vnvalccacadcamcamcam(s)car-/(s)crcare celcvdcvelcvercivcipelacic-/ceccicknckent-, ckndckeplckvertckintl-, ckint(l)-

(v)on-, un[igv-] cac- (?) cocum-, cunkamcamcorca-le ca-le [c-, ci-, co-] [co-] nccoon-, un-

owwan-, owaniw-

hadw-/hdwcmcamcam-

hwd-/hwedcucvan-, cvandcicipurcic-, cvicvckckon-, ckickonckondckapulckmont-, ckimontckintilcuwre-, wr(e)cl- (?) ci(p)cip(u)r-, cipu- cip-raci(n)k-

ckond-

ckintil-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

ckmucmartcowconconcred-/crid-/cerdcutxecurcucwcqcqawcqw-

to whine, to whimper calf (of the leg) to suck to please to weight to strain, to filter pus to strain, to filter to suck, to suck out to vex, to annoy; to ache, to hurt laurel to put or lay together, to pile up, to heap chestnut morning, morn eyebrow to take to pull, to draw; to reach, to attain to glue glue

245 245 245 245 245 246 246 246 246 247 247 247

ckmu[cmart-] covconconcret-/crit-/ cert(m)cutxecurcuc(v)n-

ckum-incmort-, cimortc(v)conconcirad-/cirid-/ cirdcutxecur-/cir- (cr-) curcon-

ckum-in-

c(v)concon-, cincrod-/curd-

ncrd-

cq-in-/cq-en- cq-uncqavcqol-, cqe-, cqicq(v)ncqv-

(m)cutxe(n)cor-/(n)cir- ncur-, ncrcucon-, ciconck-unmcko(l), cu- cqaw-, cqewck-unsq-

cbCcamcarbcapcicebcebo-

247 247 248 248 248 248 248

cabl-

DuburDume-

Dubur-, DubrDuman-, Dumen-

heb-ra-, jeb-raham-

carbcapci-/cecebcebo-

[Dob-] Dop(n)DDabDabuDopnDDabDabu(m)h-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

celcemcencercwcwetcwetcwelcwel-acwimcwim-acite-lcmascnelcnexcuzcqalcqancqar-

small intestines grass to invite, to ask to depict, to picture, to portray, to write to burn a drop to drip, to dribble to milk milky to rain rain red to weave, to plait twig to weigh (on), to lie heavy (on); to squeeze child to feel sorry for, to pity oak female quail

249 249 249 249 250 250 250 250 250 251 251 251 251 252 252 252 252 252 252

cel[cem-] [can-] cercvcvetcvetcvelcvelacvimcvimacitelcmasncnelcnex-/cnixculcqal[cqan-] (m)cqer-

D-, Di(r)DemDan(n)DarD(v)Dvet-, DvatDvatDvalDvalaDvim-, DvemDvimaDitaDin(u)-, DnDinax-, Dax-

(m)Du(n)DamDand(n)DarD(v)[Dvet-, Dot-] [Dvet-, Dot-] (n)Dval-, (m)Dval(m)D(v)im(m)D(v)ima(m)DitaDinu-, Dino-, DunuDinaxDuwed(j)rDm-

Dimo-, Dumo- Dimo-

DqolopDqonDqor(m)Dkon-, mDonqw-, qew-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

cqarcqewcqwcqwed-/ cqwid-/ cqwdcqin-dcqlcq3ta-

to take offense, to be angry to curse, to damn to start, to begin to tear, to rend, to break, to burst

253 253 253 253

cqer-/cqrcqevlDq(v)cqvet-/ cqvit-/cqd-

(n)DqorDq(u)DqDqvad-/ Dqvid-/ DqordDk-, DDqvad-/ Dqvid-/ Dqo(r)dDkindDqolDqrta-, DqirtaDitxqed-/qad-/ qd-

to miss, to get tired of to injure, to wound cubit, ell

254 254 254

cqindcqlcqrta-

DamDedDeDkDeDqDipDirDrDrD3DinDur-

to eat to nail, to forge to cut (into small particles) to rumple, to crumble, to crush navel to require, to need to cut, to fell, to hew to squeak, to creak to chirp, to twitter vessel

254 254 255 255 255 255 255 256 256 256

DamDedDeDkDeDqDipDirDr-/DerDr-ialDrDinDur-

Dkom-, DkumDka(n)dDkaDkDqaDqDip(e)-, DapanDkr-, DkirDkr-, Dkir[Dkir-] DkrDkin-, DkirDkinDku-, Dkud-

Dkom-, kom- mDkad-, Dadkad-, k\d-

cipaDi(r)Dkr-, nDkr-

Dki(r)-, Dkor- [r-] Dkir-alDkr-mn-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

DqintCDqlet-/Dqlit-/ Dqltxxxarxxarxxwxwadxw(i)xwawxw(i)-dxwetxwecxwixwinxwlipxwr-inxtkxiadxlxolexorxxotrxoxxp-/xep-

immature to crush, to squash

256 256

Dqintl-

Dqint(u)Dqilit-/Dqirt-

Dqint-

DqintDqt-n- (?)

Dqlet-/Dqlit- Dqilat-/

2nd person subjective prefix 3rd person objective prefix to saw a saw 1st person subjective prefix male to meet great number, many to meet, to encounter to scrape to take to laugh to gulp down, to eat, to drink to snore to break, to tear, to burst to make glad, to make happy to be near, with, by, among only, merely throat to cut, to clip to creep, to crawl to break

257 257 257 258 258 258 258 258 258 259 259 259 259 259 260 260 260 260 261 261 261 261

x-/xerxxerxvxvad[xv-] xvavxvdxvetxvecxvixvinxvrip-/xvrepxvrinxetk-, skd[xiar-] xlxoloxorxxotrxoxsp-

xorxxorxv-, b-, p-, p[xod-] [xv-] xvaxvadxvatxocxvixvinxupxurxin-

xorx-, xe(r)xv-, b-, p-, p[xod-] xvxvadxvatxocxi(r)xinxlip-/xlap-

x-/x-

(x)wxwixwaj-, xwjxwdxwt-/xut-

xwlip-

stik-, stikxiad-/xdxiolxelxolxolxvalexvalaxurxxu(r)xxotor-, xutor-, xotor-, xutor-, xinDer-, xtrxuDorxoDorxox[xap-] xox[xap-] xip-/xep-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

xrakxrek-/xrikxrutunxu(s)t-

to become charred, burnt to become charred, burnt to snore five

261 261 262 262

xrakxrek-/xrikxrutunxut-

xirokxirak-/xirik-/ xirkxut-

xrakx(r)utin-, xutin- xrtnxu(t)woxud-, woxwid-, woxwit-

xutx-u-c-eqad-/qdqamqamCqan-/qnqanqarqaqeqeDqwezqwelqwrqwrelqwret-/qwritqleD-

to press together, to clasp old man, elder to move, to set in motion to become dry skin, hide (sheep, goat) to plow, to till bull pharynx hand to fell, to split cough, cold (in the head) to cough to pierce, to make a hole, to gnaw through crack, hole to pierce, to make a hole to tear, to tear asunder, to burst, to break

262 262 263 263 263 263 264 264 264 264 265 265 265 265 265 266

xutxucesxad-, xdxmxamlxan-/xnxarxa(r)xaxelxeDxvelxvelxvr*xvrelxvret-/xvritxleD-/xliD-

xutolu(n)Dartxum-, xomxvemurxonxo[xorxa-] xe(l)xaDkxvalxvalrx(v)[quru-] xvirat-/xviritxarck-/xorck-/ xirck-

unDaxt-, xtxom(b)-

xoaqad-/qd-/qed-/ qidqamr-, qemr-

xonxoxexaDk-, xakxvalxvalx(v)-

qan-/qnqn-/qanqarq-, qerq-

qwe-, qwqwir-

xreck-/x(r)ock-, xrosk-

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English index to Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages by G. A. Klimov (1964) Prepared by Allan R. Bomhard Proto-Kartvelian English Meaning Page Georgian Mingrelian Laz Svan

qmaqmelqorcqocqsqso(w)qs-in(< *qso[w]-in-) qcequmilww-am-/w-mwarinDarinDweligwwlimhat!

sound, voice dry, arid flesh to sweep to close, to join, to unite to remember to remind, to let know gray hair to guard, to watch over, to meet to excel to void excrement, to defecate to defecate stake (stinging) nettle ant to tear, to strip off, to pinch to crumple, to bunch up hey!, hi!

266 266 266 266 267 267 267 267 268 268 268 268 269 269 269 269 270 270

xmaxmelxorcxocxs-, xxsovxsen(m)xce[qumil-] obvvam-/vmvarDinDarDianDvelaign-

xuma-, xma-, xomaxumla-, xomula-, xom(b)ulaxomilaxorcxorc-, xockoskos(r)sx-, (r)cx-, uinDexvamil(r)g-in(n)g(v)ngumgun(g)DkiDkitia(r)g-ing(v)-, zg(v)gummzgudi(n)DkidimDku-, dumDku(m)cxuin(k)De-, xDe-, Dke-

sgr-

m(r)k-

ggon-, gigonvlim-/vlem- rimhat!

Page 44

im(h)at!

ha(i)t!