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A Typical Turbomachine
RR Trent 1000
Picture courtesy of RR
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What is it flutter?
Turbomachinery Flutter
Flutter denotes a self-excited and self-sustained aeroelastic instability
Very harmful unless properly damped
Blades oscillate in traveling wave mode Neighbor blades usually lead to instability An isolated blade would not flutter
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Underlying Mechanisms
Flutter involves the interaction of fluid and structure
Upon the motion of a component, the surrounding fluid will respond with an aerodynamic force The direction and phase of this force will lead to having the motion damped or augmented In case of augmentation, flutter will establish
Flutter might establish only at very few of the above conditions. Due to its harmful character it must however be avoided at any cost
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During component design, industry nowadays largely relies on numerical simulations at affordable analysis costs (model size and run time)
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Prediction Accuracy
Test case: transonic compressor
Each industry partner is using their own (trusted) aeroelastic analysis tool to analyze the aeroelastic behavior Variation of minimum aerodynamic damping with operating point
mass flow
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Background
Despite the high level of sophistication in todays numerical prediction tools, it is not uncommon that we have to deal with an accuracy of +-40% of predicted minimum aerodynamic damping
In the present test case: 2 out of 5 predict flutter, 3 do not
Test cases exist but these do not fully cover the spectrum needed for modern turbomachine designs
Component types (blisks, bladed disks) Flow conditions (transonic flow, high loading, separations) Combinations of unsteady pressure and vibration data
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Project Concept
Picture courtesy of RR
Turbine Fan Aeroelastic experiments Aeroelastic computations Synthesis of experiments and computations Compressor x x x x x x
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Project Structure
Two main streaks of validation test cases as follows
Transonic compressor High subsonic Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) These test cases have been conceived within FUTURE
Interconnected experiments
Non-rotating cascade tests, controlled blade oscillation Rotating tests, multi-blade row, free and forced oscillation Mechanical characterizations of components (blisk, bladed disks) Application of novel measurement techniques such as PSP
Interconnected computations
Performed by virtually all partners in the project Pre-test predictions Post-test predictions
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Shortcut to Benefits
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Transonic Compressor
Design intent
Aeroelastic stable operation at design point N 18000rpm, ~ 0.6 Reduction of positive aerodynamic damping as stall line is approached
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90% span
ADP, 1.412
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Rotor blisk
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displacement
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Expected Benefits
The FUTURE project shall contribute to making turbomachinery aeroelastic predictions more reliable
Numerical tools validated on new, relevant and unique aeroelastic test cases that shall lead to best practice guidelines
The FUTURE project will provide key enabling technologies towards a green, safe, reliable and affordable air transport of the future
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Dissemination
Great attention is given to the dissemination of project findings
Feeding-back findings to education and life-long learning
Examples
Sharing of audiovisual instruction material from industry partners with universities Development of e-learning tools THRUST TurbomacHinery AeRomechanical UniverSity Training The worlds first Masters programme in turbomachinery aeromechanics www.explorethrust.eu
Upcoming
THRUST+ Joint PhD programme on aeromechanics EXPLORE Aero World Virtual University
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Within the FUTURE project many questions will be answered but there might be unresolved topics at the end Having a strong project consortium and unique hardware in place, we envision research in the following directions
Control of flutter (active, mistuning, novel damping concepts) Influence of flow distortion and impedance Flutter in the presence of other unsteady aerodynamic phenomena Development of new improved numerical models
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