CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Data analysis is the systematic organization and synthesis of research data and testing the research hypothesis using those data. Interpretation is the process of making sense of the results of a study and examining the implication (Polit and Beck, 2004). The findings of the study are grouped and analyzed under the following headings: 4.1 Demographic variables of the mothers. 4.2 Assessment of the intensity of pain with and without breathing exercise by using numerical pain scale at different cervical dilatation. 4.3 Determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on pain among primimothers by using numerical pain scale at different cervical dilatation. 4.4 Comparison of the intensity of uterine contractions and its intensity of pain in experimental and control group. 4.1. Demographic Variables Of The Mothers: All mothers (30) in this study are belongs to the age group of 18-29 years. All mothers are educated and majorities (20) of them are graduates. Most of them are house wives (10). All mothers (30) are getting the income per month ranging from Rs.10,000-35,000. In experimental group nineteen (19) mothers are in the age group of 20-25 years, ten (10) mothers belongs to the age group of 25-30 years. The youngest mother was in the age group of 18 years of age and oldest age group of mother was 29 years. Only two (2) mothers in the experimental group had higher secondary education. Eight (80) mothers were graduates. Four (4) mothers were post graduates. Five (5) mothers in the experimental group were teachers. Four (4) mothers were house wives. One (1) mother was working as accountant. One (1)

Table 4.1 Demographic Variables Of The Mothers n=30 S.No 1 Demographic Variables Age 15-19 years 20-24 years 25-29 years Education Higher secondary Graduate Post graduate Occupation House wives Accountant Teacher Clerk Nurse Doctor IT Shop keeper Agriculture Engineer Monthly income Rs. 10,000-14,000 Rs. 15,000-19,000. Rs. 20,000-24,000. Rs. 25,000-29,000. Rs. 30,000-34,000. Experimental group n=15 1 6 8 n=15 3 8 4 n=15 4 1 5 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 n=15 1 6 2 5 1 Control Group n=15 0 13 2 n=15 2 12 1 n=15 6 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 n=15 1 4 7 1 2

mother was working as Engineer. Two (2) mothers were working in the medical field as doctor and staff nurse. One (1) mother working in IT field. One (1) mother is a shop keeper. Six (6) of the mother in the experimental group are getting the monthly income of Rs. 15,000-19,000. Five (5) mothers have their monthly income of Rs. 25,000-29,000. Two (2) mothers have their monthly income of Rs. 20,000-24,000. One (1) mother gets the monthly income of Rs. 34,000. One (1) mother gets the monthly income of Rs. 10,000. (Table 4.1). In control group thirteen (13) mothers belongs to the age group of 20-25 Years, two (2) mothers are in the age group of 25-30 years. Two (2) mothers in the experimental group had higher secondary education. Twelve (12) mothers were graduates. One (1) mother is post graduate. Six (6) mothers in the control group were hose wives. One (1) mother was working as accountant. Two (2) mothers were working in the agriculture department. One (1) mother was working as teacher. One (1) mother was working as clerk. Two (2) mothers were engineers. One (1) mother was working as a staff nurse. One (1) mother was working in IT. Seven (7) mothers in the control group were getting the monthly income of Rs. 20,000-24,000. Four (4) mothers get the monthly income of Rs. 15,000-19,000. Two (2) mothers get the monthly income of Rs. 30,000-34,000. One (1) mother gets the monthly income of Rs. 10,000. One (1) mother gets the monthly income of Rs. 25,000. (Table 4.1). 4.2 Assessment Of The Intensity Of Pain With And Without Breathing Exercise By Using Numerical Pain Scale At Different Cervical Dilatation. 4.2.1 The Intensity Of Pain In The Two Groups At 3cm Cervical Dilatation: In the experimental group majority of the mothers (13) experienced mild pain and two (2) mothers experienced moderate pain. In the control group ten (10) mothers experienced moderate pain and five (5) mothers experienced mild pain. In both the groups none of the mothers experienced severe pain and worst pain because the mothers in the active phase. (Table 4.2 and Fig 4.1).

Table 4.2 Frequency Distribution of Pain among Experimental and Control Group at 3cm Cervical dilatation by Using Numerical Pain Scale n=30 Experimental S.No 1 Mild pain (1-3) 2 Moderate pain (4-6) 3 Severe pain (7-8) 4 Worst pain (9-10) Total 0 15 0 15 0 0 2 10 13 5 Intensity of pain group n=15 Control Group n=15

Fig 4.1 Frequency Distribution of Intensity of pain among experimental and Control Group at 3 cm Cervical Dilatation by using Numerical Pain Scale

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mild pain (1-3) Moderate pain (4-6) Severe Worst pain pain (7-8) (9-10) Experimental group Control group

Intensity of Pain

Fig 4.2 Frequency Distribution of Intensity of pain among experimental and Control Group at 7-8cm Cervical Dilatation by using Numerical Pain Scale

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mild pain (1-3) Moderate pain (4-6) Severe Worst pain pain (7-8) (9-10) Experimental group Control group

Intensity of Pain

Table 4.3 Frequency Distribution of Pain among Experimental and Control Group at 7-8cm cervical dilatation by Using Numerical Pain Scale n=30 Experimental S.No 1 Mild pain (1-3) 2 Moderate pain (4-6) 3 Severe pain (7-8) 4 Worst pain (9-10) Total 0 15 5 15 4 8 11 2 0 0 Intensity of pain group n=15 Control Group n=15

4.2.2 The Intensity Of Pain In The Two Groups At 7-8cm Cervical Dilatation: In the experimental group majority of the mothers (11) experienced moderate

pain and four (4) mothers experienced severe pain. In the control group two (2) mothers had moderate pain, eight (8) mothers had severe pain and five (5) mothers experienced worst pain. It was found that none of the mothers had worst pain in the experimental group (Table 4.3 and Fig 4.2). 4.3 Effectiveness of breathing exercise on pain Among Primimothers by Using Numerical Pain Scale at Different Cervical Dilatation. Hypothesis: There is significant difference in breathing exercise and pain score at different cervical dilatation among experimental and control group. At 3cm cervical dilatation t= __ __ X1 - X2 SD 1 + 1 n1 n2 2.53 3.93 0.74(0.35) 1.4 0.26 5.38

t= t= t=

At 7-8cm cervical dilatation __ __ t= X1 - X2 SD 1 + 1 n1 n2 t= 6.06 7.73 1.12(0.35)

t=

1.67 0.39

t=

4.28

Inference: The observedt test value is 5.38 in 3cm cervical dilatation and 4.28 in 7-8cm cervical dilatation while the table value 2.05 (P<0.05) level of significance at 28 degree of freedom so the research hypothesis is accepted. This table concludes that there is a significant difference between the mean pain score among experimental and control group in breathing exercise (Table 4.4 and Fig 4.3).

Table 4.4

Comparison of Mean Intensity of pain score, SD and t value of the experimental and control group at different cervical dilatation by using Numerical pain scale.
n=30

Experimental group n=15 S.No Cervical Dilatation Mean pain score SD

Control group n=15 Mean pain score SD t test

Table value

3cm

2.53

0.74

3.93

0.76

5.38

2.05

7-8cm

6.06

1.15

7.73

1.09

4.28

2.05

P = 0.05 df = 28

Figure 4.3 Mean score of intensity of pain in experimental and control group at different Cervical dilatation by using Numerical pain scale

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3cm
Cervical Dilatation

Experimental group Control group

7-8cm

4.4 Comparison of the intensity of uterine contractions and its intensity of pain in experimental and control group. Hypothesis: There is significant difference in intensity of uterine contractions
and pain score at different cervical dilatation among experimental and control group. Moderate contraction (20-40) sec t= X1 - X2 SD 1 + 1 n1 n2 4.2 6.33 1.03(0.35) 2.13 0.36 5.92

t= t= t=

Severe contraction (>40) sec t= X1 - X2 SD 1 + 1 n1 n2 6.46 8.46 1.15(0.35) 2 0.41 4.88

t= t= t=

Inference: The observedt test value in moderate contraction is 5.92 severe contraction is 4.88 while the table value 2.05 (P<0.05) level of significance at 28 degree of freedom so the research hypothesis was accepted. This table concludes that there is a significant difference between the mean pain score among experimental and control group in breathing exercise (Table 4.5 and Fig 4.4).

Table 4.5 Mean pain score, SD andt value of Intensity of uterine contraction and its degree of pain in experimental and control group. n=30 Experimental group n=15 S.No Intensity of uterine contraction 1 Moderate contraction (20-40) sec 2 Severe contraction (>40) sec 6.46 1.24 8.46 1.05 4.88 2.05 4.2 Mean pain score SD Control group n=15 Mean pain score SD t test Table value

1.14

6.3

0.89

5.92

2.05

P = 0.05 df = 28

Figure 4.4 Mean score of intensity of uterine contractions And its Degree of pain in experimental and control group

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Moderate contraction(2 0-40)sec

Experimental group Control group Severe contraction (>40)sec

Uterine contraction