STUDY ON THE HUNTING IN HIGH SPEED HYSTERESIS MOTORS DUE TO THE ROTOR HYSTERESIS MATERIAL

H. R. Soroush, A.R. Rahmati, , Member, IET, H. Moghbelli, Member, IEEE, A. Vahedi, Member, IEE, A. Halvaei Niasar, Member, IEEE
Abstract: Hysteresis motors behave very much like to classical synchronous motors, except that the motor magnetic pole definition varies slightly with torque. This paper presents a study on the hunting of a radial-flux type, high speed hysteresis motor caused by the hysteresis material of the rotor. Firstly, a nonlinear dynamic model of the PWM-controlled hysteresis motor drive is developed in d-q axis. Then the effects of magnetic properties of hysteresis rotor materials are investigated. Experimental results verify that B-H curve of hysteresis material have significant effect on the rotor hunting in steady state rather than other parameters.

Index Terms: Hysteresis Motor, Hunting, B-H Curve. I. INTRODUCTION Hysteresis motor is a well-known type electrical machine. The construction of the hysteresis motor is of stator and rotor parts. The stator has conventional stator windings while the rotor comprises a solid or stripwounded rotor hysteresis ring of semi-hard, permanentmagnet material with no teeth or polar projection. Due to its quiet operation, this motor is suitable for application that need to constant and smooth torque over a wide frequency range such as centrifuges. One the main advantage of hysteresis motor is that the rotor speed always intends to reach to synchronous frequency, in spite of the slip frequency. The magnetic torque developed in the hysteresis rotor is proportional to the area of its cyclic B-H loop. However, such other synchronous motors, hysteresis motor have some hunting around the field frequency that may be leads to some unfavorable results [1]. There are different sources for the hunting including: voltage supply quality, effects of the stator parameters, and hysteresis material of the rotor. Their effects maybe as transient or steady. This paper, discusses on the effects of hysteresis material of the rotor on the hunting phenomenon.

Fig.1 Circuit model of hysteresis motor

Vds p ds qs V p qs = qs + ds r Vdr p dr 0 0 p qr Vqr 0 0 i ds R s 0 i 0 R 0 0 s . qs + r 0 0 R dh 0 i dh 0 R qh 0 0 i qh

(1)

and,

L md ds L ds 0 0 L qs 0 qs = dr L md 0 L dh qr 0 L mq 0

0 i ds L mq . i qs 0 i dh L qh i qh

(2)

where, idh and iqh are the current due to hysteresis material of the rotor. Electromagnetic torque is obtained form;

3 P Te = ( )( ds i qs qs i ds ) 2 2

(3)

II. MODELING OF THE HYSTERESIS MOTOR DRIVE Hysteresis motor basically has the same model rather than a PM synchronous motor except to the model of PM on the rotor is replaced by the nonlinear model of hysteresis material. Fig. 1 shows the circuit model of the hysteresis motor. The mathematical model of a hysteresis model can be expressed as the following [2]:

The dynamic behavior of the rotor is determined by a second order ordinary differential equation given by [3]: d2 d J 2 + B + 2MI r I s sin(s t 2 ) = TL ( t ) (4) dt dt That the rotor angle variation is obtained by:

= r t ( t )

(5)

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[A]

Solving eq. (3) results that position variation of the rotor around is as the following: s2 s TJ ( t ) = 1+ e s1t + 1 e s 2 t (6) K s1 s 2 s 2 s1 That;

Phase Current 1

0.5

B B K s1 = 2J J 2J

(7)
-0.5

-1

III. FIELD TEST RESULTS OF THE HYSTERESIS MOTOR Some experimental tests have been performed on two different types of hysteresis motors. Both of motors have standard three-phase, two-pole stator winding. The rating of the first motor (M1) are 400 V, 0.35 A, 80 Watt and 100 Hz. Its stator resistance is 30 /ph and rotor made of 52% cobalt-steel (V40). The rating of the second motor (M2) are 350 V, 0.6 A, 120 Watt and 100 Hz. The resistance of this motor is 15 /ph and rotor made of 40% cobalt-steel (V1). Table 1 summarizes stator design dimensions and the rotor hysteresis materials properties of both motors.
Table 1. Motor stator and rotor specifications

10 time (sec)

15

20

(a) Motor M1
Phase Current 1

0.5

[A]

-0.5

-1 0 5

Motor type
Stator inner diameter Core length Number of poles Number of slots Number of turns/coil Number of coils Winding factor Conductor size Br HC (BH)max

M1
50 mm 25 mm 2 poles 24 120 12 0.99 0.29 mm2 1.05 T 20 kA/m 22 kJ/m3

M2
50 mm 25 mm 2 poles 24 100 12 0.99 0.40 mm2 0.85 T 50 kA/m 12 kJ/m3

10 time (sec)

15

20

(b) Motor M2

Fig.2 Current waveforms under full load and 100 Hz

Current FFT 0.02

Stator

0.015

Rotor

[A]

0.01

0.005

Hysteresis motors are supplied via power frequency inverters and develop 0.02 N.m torque at 100 Hz. The current and voltage of the stator are recorded using a digital oscilloscope. Motor M1 has more hysteresis loop area rather than motor M1 and so its developed hysteresis torque is greater. As follows, experimental results are shown to compare the effects of two types of hysteresis material. Fig. 2 shows the current waveforms in 20 sec to show the hunting phenomena. Current fluctuation of motor M2 is more than motor M1. Fig. 3 shows the Fourier transformation (FFT) of the captured currents. Harmonic components at low frequency (less than 20 Hz) of motor M2 are higher than motor M1.

0 0

20

40

60 Hz (a) Motor M1
Current FFT

80

100

120

0.02

0.015

[A]

0.01

0.005

0 0

20

40

60 Hz (b) Motor M2

80

100

Fig.3 FFT spectrum of the stator currents

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Fig. 4 shows the calculated RMS value of the stator currents during 20 sec. It is clear that the RMS current varies between 0.38A-0.44A for Motor M1 and 0.33A0.49A for motor M2. These waveforms indicate that there is hunting at steady state, and for motor M2 is considerable. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show the measured PWM voltage waveform of the stator and its FFT spectrum respectively. Stator winding are star-type and prepared voltage by inverter is symmetrical. Therefore, only the higher harmonics in order 6n1 (n=1,2,..0) are seen in the spectrum. Fig. 7 shows the output power of the motors at frequency of 100 Hz. As shown, the power variation of motor m2 is more than motor M1 due to the higher hunting. For motor M2, the power in some instances crosses zero and acts as a generator. In this case, the DC bus is charged via hysteresis motor and if voltage exceeds certain over voltage value, the inverter trips. This is one of the problems of hunting for adjustable hysteresis motor drive.

Line-to-Line Voltage 600 400 200 [V] 0 -200 -400 -600

2.004

2.008 2.012 time (sec)

2.016

2.02

Fig.5 PWM waveforms of the stator terminal voltage

Voltage FFT 250 200 150 [V] 100 50 0 0

200

400 Hz

600

800

1000

Fig.6 FFT spectrum of the terminal voltage

Power & Fundamental Power 120 100

(a) PWM waveforms of the stator terminal voltage

[Watt]

80 60 40 20

10 Time (Sec) (a) Motor M1

15

20

Power & Fundamental Power 200 150

Fig.4 Terminal voltage waveform

[Watt]

(b) FFT spectrum of the terminal voltage

100 50 0 -50

10 Time (Sec)

15

20

(b) Motor M2

Fig.7 Output power variation of motors at frequency of 100 Hz

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Fig. 8 shows the variation of power factor for both motors. Motor M2 with higher hunting sometimes acts a capacitance that as mentioned affects on the power inverter. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show the FFT spectrum of the RMS waveforms of the stator current and voltage and motor power and power factor respectively. Comparing the figures show that both of motors have hunting with frequency of 0.8 Hz. FFT of RMS currents indicates this fact. But for motor M2 the hunting magnitude is much higher than motor M1. FFT spectrum of power and power factor confirm this matter. In Fig. 10, the variations of the rotor speed around operation point 100 Hz are plotted. Rotor speed is obtained by derivative of the power factor in MATLAB software. As shown, the rotor speed of motor M2 is about ten times greater than motor M1 due to the hunting.
Power Factor & Fundamental Power factor

Current FFT 0.1 [A] 0.05 0 [V] 10 5 0

Voltage FFT

5 10 Frequency Active Power FFT 0.4 0.2 0

5 10 Frequency Power factor FFT

100 [Watt] 50 0

5 Frequency

10

5 Frequency

10

(b) Motor M2

Fig.9 FFT spectrum of RMS value of the motor variables

Rotor Speed 2 1 [Hz] 0 -1 -2 0 5 10 Time (Sec) (a) Motor M1 Rotor Speed 15

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

2
0 5 10 Time (Sec) 15 20

1 [Hz] 0 -1

(a) Motor M1
Power Factor & Fundamental Power factor 0.8 0.6

-2
0.4 0.2 0 -0.2

10 Time (Sec) (b) Motor M2

15

Fig.10 Rotor speed variation around operation point 100 Hz

0 5 10 Time (Sec) 15 20

IV. CONCLUSION This paper has discussed on the effects of rotor material on the performance of hysteresis motor at steady state. It has compared the experimental results of two different types of the hysteresis motors (M1 and M2). All measured and calculated waveforms show that the hunting in motor M2 is much higher than M1. The main difference between two motors is due to the hysteresis loop area, in which the motor with wider loop has lower hunting rather than the motor with narrow loop. In motor M2, the induction torque potential is much higher than motor M1, so that the little inherent hunting of the hysteresis motor intensifies more hunting. It is the main reason of the existence of the higher hunting in motor M2. More hunting in M2 causes the motor acts a generator and charges the DC-bus of the inverter and therefore, it leads to some unfavorable problems.

(b) Motor M2

Fig.8 Power factor variation of motors at frequency of 100 Hz

Current FFT 0.05 [A] [V] 5 Voltage FFT

5 10 Frequency Active Power FFT

5 10 Frequency Power factor FFT

100 [Watt] 50 0

0.4 0.2 0

5 Frequency

10

5 Frequency

10

(a) Motor M1

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REFERENCES
[1] Stanley P.Clurman, On Hunting in Hysteresis Motors and New Damping Techniques, IEEE Transaction on Magnetic, Sep, 1971, pp. 512-517. [2] M. A. Rahman and A. Osheibba, Dynamic Performance Prediction of Poly phase Hysteresis Motors, IEEE Transaction. Industry Applications, Vol. 26, No. 6, Nov/Dec, 1990. [3] Cang Kim Truong, Analysis of Hunting in Synchronous Hysteresis Motor, M.sc Thesis at the M.I.T February 2004.

Author Information:
Hamid Reza Soroush, Email: h_r_soroush@yahoo.com. Abdolreza Rahmati, associate Professor, department of electrical engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, (IUST), Tehran, Iran, Email: rahmati@iust.ac.ir.
His fields of interest are microprocessors and microcontroller-based system design, motor drives and control, HVDC transmissions, modulation strategies for power electronic systems, multilevel inverters, and power devices.

Hassan Moghbelli, assistant professor, department of science and mathematics, Texas A&M Univ. at Qatar, Doha, Qatar, hassan.moghbelli@qatar.tamu.edu. His research interests are mainly the control, electric drive train, power electronic design of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and electric railroads. Abolfazl Vahedi, associate professor and member of center of excellence for power system automation and operation at Iran University of Science and Technology, Email: avahedi@iust.ac.ir. His research interests are mainly design, implementation and optimization of electric machines including traction motors and drives. Abolfazl Halvaei Niasar, assistant professor, department of electrical engineering, university of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, E-mail: halvaei@kashanu.ac.ir. His research interests are mainly electrical machine design, electric drives, PM Brushless DC motor drives and sensorless controls.

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