SEARCH STRATEGIES & CITING INTERNET RESOURCES

There is a tremendous amount of information on the Internet. To effectively locate the specific information we need, search engines are the tools to use. Search engines are one of the most valuable Internet tools used to locate key words or search terms that has been designated. It is essential to develop good search skills using a variety of strategies. In this way, we can achieve good coverage of the Internet and ensured of getting the information we want.

A. Search Engines

Quite Quite often often we we search search for for information informationusing usingGoogle, Google,Yahoo! Yahoo! or orMSN. MSN.While Whilethese thesethree threesearch search engines engines are are great great in in obtaining obtaining loads loads of of information, information, there there are are some somespecialised specialisedsearch searchengines engines that that will will provide provide aa lot lot more more Visit the www address below to resources. Visit the www address below to resources. obtain obtain an an AA ZZ list list of of search search engines. It provides aa engines. It provides comprehensive comprehensivelist listand andaabrief brief description of what you can description of what you can find. find.

http://websearch.about.com/library/searchengine/blsearchenginesatoz.htm

FaganFinders image search tool allows you to search numerous sites that contain a rich repository of images. It is a handy tool to search for images through one interface. Type www.faganfinder.com/img in the address bar. B1

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PicSearch is another search tool that provides images from a wide variety of sources. Type www.picsearch.com in the address bar.

B. Boolean Operators

Boolean Boolean operators operators help help to to obtain obtain better better results results when when searching searching for for a a particular particular website. website. Boolean Boolean operators operators include include using using words words such such as as and, and, not, not, or. or. These These operators operators give give different different effects effects to to the the searches. searches.

1. Boolean operators and & not to narrow down a search Provides a limited set of results to a manageable number of hits. Example: heart and disease - will provide sites with both words present. Use and more than once for even narrower searches. Example: heart and disease and prevention - will provide a even more refined search as all three terms need to be present in the sites. Use not to exclude words that are not necessary. Example: cats not wild - will provide hits on cats but not if the word wild was present. Combining two operators will provide a different set of hits. Example: endangered and species not bears will give hits with information on endangered and species but leaving out any information on bears. B2

2. Boolean operator or to expand a search To broaden the search. Example: plays or theater will give hits on sites that have both words. Use or more than once for even wider searches. Example: plays or theatre or drama will provide a very wide search.

C. Quotation Marks Typingin insearch searchterms termsthat thathave havemore morethan thanone one Typing word may get you a number of unrelated hits. word may get you a number of unrelated hits. Thisis isbecause becausethe thesearch searchengines engineswill willfind findsites sites This that contain any one of the words. that contain any one of the words.

Example:IfIfyou youwant wantto tofind findout outabout aboutthe thelifecycle lifecycleof ofaa Example: butterfly, typing Butterfly Lifecycle will get you sites thathave have butterfly, typing Butterfly Lifecycle will get you sites that eitherbutterfly butterflyor or either lifecycle, giving younot notexactly exactlywhat whatyou youwant want- - like likeButterfly Butterfly lifecycle, giving you Golf Golf Products! Products! Tryadding addingquotation quotationmarks marksto tothe thesearch searchterm termButterfly Butterfly Try Lifecycle Lifecycle andsee seewhat whathappens. happens.Now Nowyou youwill willget getsites sitesthat thathave haveboth both and these words,narrowing narrowingyour yoursearch. search. these words,

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D. Citing Internet Resources Fairuse useis isthe themost mostsignificant significantlimitation limitationon onthe thecopyright copyright Fair holder'sexclusive exclusiverights. rights.There Thereare areno noset setguidelines guidelinesthat that holder's are universally accepted. Instead, the individual who are universally accepted. Instead, the individual who wantsto touse useaacopyrighted copyrightedwork workmust mustweigh weighfour fourfactors factors wants

Here are some facts about using Fair Use. Factor 1: The purpose character of the use: and Factor 2: The nature copyrighted work: of the

If the work is altered significantly, used for another purpose, appeals to a different audience, it more likely to be considered fair use. The use of copyrighted works for nonprofit or educational purposes is more likely to be considered fair use. X If it is simply a copy, it is not as likely to be considered fair use.

If the copyrighted work is out of print, it is more likely to be considered fair use. X The more a work tends toward artistic expression, the less likely it will be considered fair use. Factor 4: The effect of use on the potential market for the copyrighted work: The more the new work differs from the original, the less likely it will be considered an infringement. X Does the work appeal to the same audience as the original? If the answer is yes, it will likely be considered an infringement. If the new work contains anything original, it is more likely the use of the copyrighted material will be B4 seen as fair use.

Factor 3: The amount and substantiality of the portion used: X The more you use, the less likely it will be considered fair use. X If it approaches 50 percent of the entire work, it is likely to be considered an unfair use of the copyrighted work. X If the particular portion used is likely to adversely affect the author's economic gain or if you use the "heart" or "essence" of a work, it is less likely your use will be considered fair.

Here are the steps to cite sources from the Internet. 1. Copy the URL (http://www....) of each and every resource you use from the Internet. 2. Paste the URL under each text, picture, video or audio file you use for your work.

http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/tip/2005/may6/trees-web.jpg

On a final note:
Rules for Fair Use for Educators and Students
Two important rules apply here: Brevity and Spontaneity:

Brevity refers to how much of the work you can copy. Spontaneity refers to how many times you can copy.

According to the rule, the need to copy should occur closely in time to the need to use the copies.

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