All About Airedales 1919

Class
BooL
GopyrigM
-
COPYRIGHT PEFOStT.
ALL ABOUT
AIREDALES
by
R.
M.
PALMER
EIGHTH EDITION
THIS BOOK
Can Be Purchased From
R. M.
PALMER, 8447 RENTON AVE., SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.
PRESS NOTICES
"'All About Airedales,' * * * an interesting and valuable addition to the library of breeders and owners of this fancy * * * Gives useful information for all terrier breeders." American Kennel Club Gazette, New York.
"Brim
full
Th.American
published on the Airedale."
of valuable information for every Airedale fancier text book for this breed. The largest and
Field and Fancy, New York.
best book
"Every person who owns an Airedale should read this book Mr Palmer, the author, is the man who first pumped the 'air'' into the Airedale." United Kennel Club, Chicago.
Battle Creek, Michigan.
"This book certainly tells everything about Airedales * * * Every Airedale fancier should have a copy of it."The Dog Fancier,
are indebted to Mr. Palmer for a copy of his book 'All We thought we had followed the Airedale game pretty closely since they first came over in 1881, but this book just goes to show what a specialist, and one imbued' with the real instincts of a breed, may do if he has the energy. Mr Palmer has the necessary dynamic force and what he has collected in this volume is a caution to snakes, as they would say where the Airedale comes from. Mr. Palmer starts him out of the obscurity of the unknown and a rabble of breeds, and does not let go of him until he has told everything the dog ever did, is entitled to do, or its possibilities. We didn't think there was scope for another Airedale book but with true Western broadness, Mr. Palmer saw further and has knocked together such a fund of information about the breed and how to rear it and show it and train it and hunt it or keep it at home as we never dreamed possible. Besides, the information about care and so on is just as applicable to other breeds of like nature Mr Palmer is an old setter man and we rather think we had the pleasure of first talking over the breed of Airedales with him when he called on us at Boston years ago, before he owned an Airedale What a change since then! At that time we don't suppose there was an Airedale west of Chicago, now look at them scattered over the widest country, hunting big game, as we always maintained they should. But get this book we fooled away an afternoon over the blamed thing." H. W. Lacy, in American Stockkeeper, 30 Broad Street, Boston, Massachusetts.
"We
About Airedales.'
"Read it from cover to cover before putting it down. * * * I wondered as I read it, how anyone could give the public so much valuable information for so little money. If I could not get another book, it would be priceless to me. I'm glad you wrote it "H T Treacy (Zanoni Kennels), Crestwood, New York.
Price, cloth binding, $1.60; paper cover, $1.10 (post-paid).
MR. R. M. PALMER
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

A Book
of General Information Valuable to Dog Lovers and Owners, Breeders and Fanciers, Illustrated from Selected Photographs of Noted Dogs and Rare Scenes The
Airedale Terrier Reviewed
By
R.
M. PALMER,
(Amhe!rst College,
A. B.
'87)
Dedicated
to
Z\l[ lovers and unselfish fanciers of the Airedale, whose Interest In the breed may prove to be such as to endow Its
permanency with
attain,
the best continual development possible to which will for all time maintain the IVlredale In Its premier position as the BEST
DOG ON EARTH.
By
Copyright. 1911-1913-1916-1919 R. M. Palmer, Manager 3-A PUBLISHING COMPANY Seattle, Washington
First Edition
...
June,
sftS
**&#,
Barkerend Rival
9 1320
GI.A5U18I3
TOPICAL LIST OF CONTENTS.
5
of
CHAPTER
Character.
of
I.
PAGE
ORIGIN AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIREDALE TERRIER Early History. A Sporting Dog. When the Breed Was First Recognized. Traits
The work
Hearing.
Mr.
Airedales in America.
Widespread Popularity. Their Use in Alaska. Guardianship. Paul Rainey's Airedales in British East Africa. Acute Three Airedales and a Cougar.
CHAPTER II. PAGE 27 PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE OF THE AIREDALE TERRIER
Individuality.
The Size Question. Weight Discussed Count Henry De Bylandt's Standard of Points.
Impressive
of Quality.
Importance
CHAPTER III. PAGE 37 THE KENNEL; HOW TO ARRANGE IT The Chain and
Its
Proper Use.
Treat-
ment
for
to
Kennel,
How
FEEDING
The Sanitary Safety in Care and Location of Kennel. Planned. Fencing Yards. No Bedding Needed. Cleanliness. Kennel Quarrelsome Dogs. Dog Collars, the Best Kind.
Poison.
How
Kennel Food.
Diet.
CHAPTER
a
IV.
to
PAGE
43
When to Feed. What No Cooking Needed.

Kennel
of
Feed. What to Avoid. A Suitable Quantity to Feed. Approximate Cost.
How
to
Feed
Dogs.
V.
BREEDING
History Shows Steady Progress. A Unselfish Hobby. Perpetuating Averages. Type

Its
CHAPTER
PAGE
51
Pleasant Recreation and Constant Study. The Sire, How Cared For. The Dam. The Principle Governing the Best Matings. When to Mate. Care at Whelping Time. Proper Diet for the Brood Matron.
a
PUPPIES; THIER CARE;
Color
and Coats.
CHAPTER VI. PAGE 61 TO FEED AND RAISE THEM SUCCESSFULLY How to Handle and Care For. D'ocking Tails, When and
HOW
How to Do It. Vermifuge, When Given. Weaning and Feeding Puppies. Diet for Puppies. Bone Growth and Proper Nournishment to Avoid Rickets. How to Crate for Shipment. Ears, Their Care During Growth.
VII.
CHAPTER HEALTHY AIKEDALFS -How Kept.

Punishment.
Airedales,
PAGE
77
First Lessona.
House and Yard Breaking.

Fights,
How
Administered.
How
Separated.
Photographing
Some Helpful Suggestions.
DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT How
95 Give a Dog Medicine. Intestinal The Round and Tape Worm. Remedies. Rickets, Parasites, How Removed. Inflamed Eyes, What to Use. Mange, How Treated. Cause of and Cure. Wounds and Injuries. Salmon Cankered Ears; Sore Ears, How Healed. Dew Distemper, How Successfully Treated. Poisoning. Fleas, How Rid Of. Table of Doses Commonly Used Medicines. Claws, How Removed.
VIII.
to
CHAPTER
PAGE
CHAPTER IX. PAGE 111 SHOWING AIREDALES Valuer of Shows. First Appearance
of the Breed at Helpful SugShows. Registering, Conditioning and Trimming, What to Do. gestions About Showing and Handling. List of Champion Airedales.
AIREDALES
CHAPTER X. PAGE 123 The Hound's Limitations and VS. HOUNDS Relative Merits. The Airedale as a Trailer, Substitutes for the Airedale Tried. Handicaps. Discussed by Experienced Big-Game Hunters.
CHAPTER
XI.
PAGE
133
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SPORT Impoitance
Deof Obedience. pendable Retrievers. Vermin Killing and Big-Game Hunting. Cleverness and How to Pack a Hunting Dog. Pulling Porcupine Quills. Courage.
CHAPTER
AIREDALES IN CANADA. AIREDALE ANECDOTES
XII.
PAGE
and
a
143
classic
Most
interesting,
poem.
Advertising.
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS
Cover Frontispiece Barkerend Rival The Author Barkerend Rival Lake-Dell Jerry Otterhounds A Trustworthy Guardian Mr. Paul Rainey's Pack of Hunting- Dogs
Page
2
4 8
in British
East Africa
10 12 14
Working Airedailes Champion King Nobbler's Double

Peterson's Deader "Lake-Dell Whiskers"
16 IS
26
Head Study Bilmer Ruler Champion Birchcliffe Oorang Champion Polam Maxim Champion Crofton Chum
Plan for Kennel The Author and Some Kennel Favorites The Type That Produces Winners
Champion Lake Dell Damsel Retrieving Ducks with an Airedale Champion Master Briar Champion Red Raven's Head Little Girl and 5-months-old Puppy Betty Marvel and Her Charges
What
Brick Did to a French Bull Something Here A Guard for Poultry
28 31 33 36 38 41 42 43 49 50 51 61 63 67
70 72
74
Playing with His Pal Puppy's Ears at Transition Stage
Sit
Up Lake Dell Rags Asking for Her Just Reward The Airedale, a Sportsman's Dog
Airedale Retrieving Quail Airedales Like Water (Lake Dell Rags playing)
75
78
79
81
Big-Game Hunting Camp

Airedales at Work on Big An Exciting Moment Champion Illuminator
in
Montana
in
Game
Alaska
Head Study Champions of Both Continents

Upland Shooting with an Airedale The Hunting Pack in Mountains of Montana The Ideal Big-Game Hunting Pack Coon Hunting with an Airedale on Puget Sound Airedales Tree Barking Mountain Lion Hunting Staunch on Point
83 85 90 93 110 Ill
115
117 119 122 126 129 132 133 135 139 142 143
in
Montana
"Pals" Airedales
Working on Wild Ducks Black Bear Treed by Airedales
A Water Dog
Mr. P.
Bawden with Three Favorites
Birchcliffe Selected
145
146
Family Party Lady Marvel Helping the Family on Wash Day Will Know Better Next Time Briar and His Playmates
150 151 155 158
&U
about
gtreoales;
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER
In writing and compiling this book of information pertaining particularly to Airedale Terriers, the writer has aimed to present to the dog-loving public a book that will be equallv valuable to the novice who is a fancier of other breeds as well. The book does not attempt to give an extended history of the breed as a whole or of noted individual Airedales, for this has been admirably done by others, notably Messrs. Holland Buckley, James Watson, N. William Haynes and F. M. Jowett, all most valuable in their respective works. The author of this book during a period covering twenty years as an active dog fancier, has observed the apparent lack of helpful suggestions in many dog books, which he gives herein as the result of years of successful ownership, breeding and practical experience. The old adage, "experience is the best teacher," in the case of dogs is only too true and it is the hope of the writer that the amateur fancier will avoid many stumbling blocks in his or her own experience by profiting from some of the information here given, much of which while seemingly simple, will be found to be such as to help many to avoid mistakes which are always most disappointing if not This work is intended partially to satisfy a long-felt costly. want in giving the thousands of fanciers of this breed, who have never raised or owned a dog of any sort before, something to help tnem along in furthering the usefulness, education and personal pleasure in the ownership of the Airedale. Its title is not to be considered too ambitious in the use of the word "ALL," for no book could possibly be compiled that would include "all" that could be written regarding Airedales. The title selected aptly indicates that the book's text is entirely devoted to the Airedale in depicting its diversified characteristics.
The author is in constant receipt of personal letters from Airedale fanciers in all parts of America and many foreign lands, with most complimentary comments on what the reading of this book has been for them, and he desires to herein express his appreciation of same and trusts the new editions, which are periodically made necessary because of the widespread popularity of the publication, will continue to assist others in an intelligent and successful ownership of both good
and better Airedales. No book is large enough to reproduce photographs of the thousands of good Airedales, past and present. Those selected show the Airedale in many of its interesting capabilities and also a few of the most representative Champion Airedales yet
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

produced, such that the reader can by them see pictured what has been recognized as the best individual type. In publishing this edition, the author is reminded that "All About Airedales" was the pioneer exclusively Airedale book published in America and unless the breed had proved itself dependable and fully up to what its friends claimed for it, the book would have been forgotten before the completion of this ten years of its distribution, but the Airedale today as a breed is stronger and more firmly established and growing into wider favor than ever before and the constantly increasing demand for "All About Airedales" from all over the world indicates its character as a book of enduring merit.
Mr. H. W. Essclstyii's Sporting Airedale Lake Dell Jack.
The successful raising of Airedale puppies is so N. B. greatly assisted and made easy by having this book to refer to, many breeders place copies of the book with purchasers of Special rates will be given any breeder who wishes to stock. use the book for this purpose. Address: R. M. Palmer, 8447 Renton Avenue, Seattle, Washington, U. S. A.
CHAPTER
I.
ORIGIN AND GENERAL, CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AIREDALE TERRIER
Origin.
When
to
authorities differ,
'tis
folly to be wise:
It is
enough
state that the Airedale originated in Yorkshire,

fifty
England,
some
years ago, and eventually the breed being so
much
associated with the district through which the Aire River runs, took the name of the Aire-dale Terrier. This particular section of England was a manufacturing district, and the Yorkshireman, always prone to a bit of sport, wanted in his dog not only a keen-bitten all-terrier dog, one that would never flinch in a pinch, but also one that could make himself practically useful in all sorts of hunting pursuits, whether nosing out mink or water-rats, retrieving waterfowl, or taking the trail of the Years ago otter, or winding the scent of upland game birds. when in conversation with the noted international judge, Mr. George Raper, who has for years been breeding some of the best known Airedales in England, and whose Yorkshire home has been always right where the Airedale originated, he remarked that those who were responsible for the making of the breed had but meager knowledge of what constituted their make-up, for they seemingly "just grew" into being, from a general pot-pouri of the sporting dogs in the dale of the Aire, which comprised all sorts and conditions of a dog useful to the poacher in his lone and stealthy encroachments upon privileged territory of the game preserves of his Lordship. Airedales were sent in to range the enclosed field, to drive the hares and In rabbits out through the gates, there to be quickly netted. those days the old-fashioned rough Scotch terrier was popular and used on vermin, also the old English wire haired black and tan terrier is said to have entered into the crosses which were made with Otterhound blood, which latter blood was linked with the terrier production, to gain the wonderful nose and scenting powers of this noted strain of old English hounds. The Otterhound had also the rough and wiry coat, most suitable to maintain in this then newly made hunting-terrier a sound, It is from this water, weather and brush resisting jacket. source that the Airedale of the present day gets his strongly inherent and wonderful scenting instincts, and his fondness for all sport that demands water-work and intense ambition in
hunting and
trailing.
10
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS
11
While it is seen from this brief outline of the accredited origin of the Airedale, that it was made up of two or three or more breeds, not unlike many another recognized breed in dogdom of today, it should be borne in mind that he is not a mongrel because of it, as the Yorkshireman fancier used in the breed's make-up other recognized terrier breeds and the Otterhound, all in themselves pure as breeds went in those days, for their accepted purpose in getting the final result, which was then known as the Yorkshire-waterside-terrier, and also the Working-terrier. The past forty years of steady progress and improvement
made
and retain the features
in Airedale breeding has shown its ability to breed-on of distinctive type and characteristics. Had the origin of the Airedale been otherwise than sound, sensible matings from breeds of decently pure blood, the result
would have never bred-on and remained what it has always been and is, today, a type of hunting terrier, which embodies, as
one writer puts it, "elegance, unison of build, thoroughness in dash and intensity of purpose; with such contour in his breedy appearance, and his known adaptability in all climates under any and every condition where he is called upon as a real companion to man." As early as 188 5, the Airedale was recognized as a distinct and separate breed, and individuals were registered as such in what is the oldest organization of its kind in the world, the Kennel Club of England. Having briefly answered the question "What is an Airedale Terrier?" one which is so often heard, we will now turn our attention to the
breed's general characteristics.
Characteristics.
While recognized by both the English Kennel Club and American Kennel Club under the name of Airedale Terrier, already the name Airedale is so distinctive and special a cognomen, as differing from the names of other breeds, that as time wears on, it would seem that the unnecessary Terrier appendage will be eliminated from even the Kennel Club list. An Airedale in character is in a class entirely by itself. No other terrier breed approaches his capabilities, and he possesses all the
best qualifications of the other terrier breeds, even to a greater degree of perfection and satisfaction, and besides has those truly remarkable traits of the brainy hunting dog, that inspire profound admiration, respect and devotion, wherever he Is given a decent chance to show himself in critical situations, emergencies of mortal combat, and, in what has likely endeared his character to the world more than anything else, an absolute
to his master,
dependence and reliability accompanied by unstinted devotion even-tempered and indomitable courage, faithfulness and true affection for family and master of sucn
12
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
13
superior caliber, that posterity will be heralding his praises centuries hence.
Guardianship.
While accepting friendly advances that are made to him, he does not reciprocate, and he recognizes but one master. A friend who has once won his confidence and respect, he never forgets, though years intervening have elapsed. Mr. H. Reeder, in Country Life of America, tells of an example of the discrimination used by the Airedale in exercising guardianship in"While camping in the Northern woods, he was called stincts: suddenly into town, and left his Airedale Betsy with a neighboring camper. Betsy had no scruples about accepting the man's hospitality and shared his bread and roof until evening, but as darkness gathered she took unceremonious leave, and trotting back to her master's bungalow, stretched out comfortably at the top of the veranda steps. The neighbor feared she might get lost and followed. She arose at his approach and ran down the path to meet him with every sign It occurred to him that he might as well take a of welcome. look around, and he made for the veranda, intending to go through the bungalow. The minute he moved toward it, Betsy sprang to the top of the steps and faced him with an ominous growl. Surprised at the sudden change of front, and a bit alarmed, he tried to pet her, but she drew back with an unmistakable snarl and he deemed it prudent to retreat. Immediately she followed him down and became friendly again. He repeated the experiment, but once more she barred his way, so he abandoned the idea of going in and left her to guard the place. Had the beast been endowed with speech she could not have made him understand more clearly the stand she took: She was perfectly willing to be friendly, but only as it did not interfere with her duties." The Airedale shows a decided fondness for children. He is the ideal playmate for the little girl and pal for the boy on all his romps, always awaiting the favor of his little master's attentions. Hide and seek, or finding a ball, he will play by the hour. It is a common occurrence to see an Airedale inseparable from the baby carriage when its precious load is out for a sunning, and the writer has known many that would not be tempted to leave their infant charge by any diversion, but faithfully and incessantly guard the little one as long as permitted to do so. There is no breed of dog so desirable to raise a child with or one in which so much trust can be placed. The illustration on the preceding page shows but one of many similar situations, with the Airedale ready to play the heroic part of guardian and life-saver. In this instance, the occurrence is at the seaside. The little child was possessed of a dangerous fondness for approaching too near the water. The Airedale,
14
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
15
ever alert in an emergency, takes immediate control of the situation and with his firm grip and sure but gentle insistence, holds the screaming child safely, until the fond mother is attracted to the scene, which is fortunately caught by her cleverness with a pocket camera.
Widespread Popularity.
The Airedale has not proved to be an over-estimated breed, nor one that was destined to come and go, as so many others have done, only to be read about in the annals of canine history: Airedales were seemingly created to fill a well defined want and need, for just such a dog as they are. Their popularity has been increasing the world over as years have rolled by. They were not destined to be localized in some one country for a limited fancy to enjoy: The world is too eager to get hold of and enjoy all 'the real good things, while it passes through this brief mortal existence and the open secret of what a wonderful breed had been developed in this breed was bound to spread to all lands, and human nature being much the same everywhere one goes, even to the remotest parts of the earth,
the Airedale is filling his place in the life demanded of him. In Alaska, with temperature at 50 degrees below zero, they are used to haul the hunter's and miner's provisions from town to camp, Mr. Chas. Emsweiler, a hunting guide of Seward, stating that his brace have carried for miles three to four hundred pounds of moose; or, they are trailing and holding at bay big game for the fortunate hunter who has been lucky enough to come into possession of one or more. In the tropics of Africa, during Col. Roosevelt's hunting trips, we heard tidings of the Airedale there, always ready for the fray, and among the various breeds of hunting dogs accompanying Mr. Paul Rainey in his hunting explorations in British East Africa, the cleverest and most courageous work was done by two Airedales. Through the courtesy of Mr. Rainey's representative, Mr. Rice, in charge of the motion-pictures, one of the most exciting scenes pictured in same is illustrated here. Mr. Rainey has always declared that the American hunting dog was equal in contending with the fiercest of wild beasts. He took with him on his expedition a pack consisting of hounds for trailing, wolf hounds and two Airedale Terriers for the killers, all bred and trained in Mississippi bear hunting. The notable stamina of these dogs on the hunt and their courage in the face of powerful and to them strange animals, demonstrated the truth of Mr. Rainey's contention, as will be conceded by any dog fancier who sees these pictures. It is generally believed that dogs cannot climb trees, yet one of the most thrilling of the scenes of this expedition shows a leopard posed ai. the top of a tree in majestic grace, as a place of refuge from the pack in close pursuit, until these two Airedales dumb up
16
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Working
(1) (2)
Airedales,
Owned by
Chas. Emsweiser, Alaska
Lake-Dell Vic and Lake-Dell Tackier hauling- camp supplies. Alaska Grizzly bear killed near Seward, brought to bay by Vic and Tackier (in background).

tc
17
him, and, snapping at his feet and haunches, force him to leap from the top of the tree to earth, where the other dogs mix in a melee with the animal. This is one of many interesting and exciting incidents shown in the Rainey films. The illustration of this rare scene is an instantaneous reproduction of the moment the leopard leaps from the top of the tree, the two Airedales dimly visible close to the top where the animal had sought a safe retreat. In the moving pictures the quickness with which the Airedales climb the tree and go up through the branches is remarkable, and they are the only dogs attempting In another scene, when hunting to do this of all the pack. lions, the Airedale is shown as the only dog with enough courage to dash into the thicket where the lion has sought refuge and rout it out for another chase by the pack, that has surrounded the thicket and are baying their prey. These feats of dare-devil gameness now shown throughout the world in these motion-pictures have given the exceptional prowess of In Mexico, the Canal the Airedale most merited publicity. Zone and South America they are likewise in demand by those who have the opportunity of knowing them and are a daredevil companion for the rough life of the country, as well as for lion and boar hunting, which latter tests the courage of a dog to the limit, for a wild boar will cut up his antagonist if given the chance more than any other wild animal. Then again in the Philippines and the Orient we hear of them giving good accounts of themselves, and on the continent of Europe, in the English and American armies they have established worldwide fame for their cleverness as most dependable messagebearers, for post duty and as sentinels on outpost duty with scouting service.
Airedales in India.
The following letter from Mr. T. C. H. Shaw, prominent as a breeder and judge of Airedales in far-away India, is another evidence of the wide-spread popularity of the breed:
"Rawalpuidi, Punjab, India, June 3, 1918. Kindly send me one copy of "All About Airedales," latest edition. I am at present trying to form an "All India Airedale Terrier Club" as the breed is coming up by leaps and bounds in favor. I also hope to later write a book on this breed in India. Most of my Airedales I keep purely for exhibition, but I have noticed their wonderful intelligence and that they make great pals. My kennels (the Donnybrooks) are the premier kennels of this breed in India. I hold the
"Dear
Sir:
Indian record for the largest number of first prizes won in India in this breed by one dog and the first Indian made
champion and this was done by my old dog Champion Simon of Donnybrook. He is mad on the gun too. I have here also the
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
International Champion King Nobbier' s Double (Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie)
English Champion Donnybrook Felday Countess (great grandam of Ch. Rhosdu Royalist). She is a wonderful watch dog and a demon in water and after ducks. Champion Simon was bred in India. There are Donnybrooks all over India nearly. At present I have about seven of my Airedales away on service at different centers of war, some in Mesopotamia, some to Palestine. Most of these have gone out with officers of Indian
19
regiments as pals, guards, etc., and I hope they will get service medals. I must say I get good fun hunting jackals with my Airedales and I have had these pulled down singly hy my dogs."
Police Dogs.
As Police Dogs their wonderful feats of cunning and brain work are chronicled occasionally in the press. In this sphere
of usefulness, the Airedale is readily trained to be both protecting guard to patrolmen and a quick assistant in stopping an escaping fugitive who dodges into a dark avenue of escape
beyond the reach of a revolver's range. Airedales become very proficient in knowing quickly their duty in stopping the fugitive an officer is pursuing and when hidden will follow the trail into hiding places and hold at bay the culprit until forced out by the arresting officers. Such use of Airedales is growing rapidly in the larger cities and giving most satisfactory results. Being much quicker in action than trail or bloodhounds they are more valuable in criminal service and when given the same detailed training become most proficient. Their undaunted courage in being ever ready to search premises for petty thieves, burglars or criminals, make them the most dependable breed for police service. In France they are used to prevent suicides from drowning, and in a public contest held in Germany, which included all breeds, doing the same rescue service, the Airedales took first honors over all contestants in other breeds.
Acute Hearing.
In England, their native land, by experiments in determining the comparative degree of the Airedale's exceptionally sensitive hearing, by Scotland Yard, they have discovered that the Airedale can detect sound at a distance of hundreds of yards farther than the most acute human ear. These scientific tests have been reported from time to time in the English press. This keen faculty the witer has seen illustrated frequently with his own dogs: One instance in particular was that of a family companion, who while apparently dozing on the floor of the house living room, would suddenly start up and rush to window or door, all aroused over the detection of her master's approaching, when he was three to five hundred yards away on cement paving, beyond any possible distance of the hearing of the human ear. This incident was so repeatedly tested by those who witnessed it frequently, that the results of English experiments are readily to be given full credence. The use of this faculty is put into practical service in the English army, by training Airedales not to bark at strange sounds at night in trench warfare but to utter a low growl and in this manner
20
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

give warnings of stealthy approachings detectable by the human ear.
of
21
an enemy,
not
Profitable Breed.
Airedales have become in England and America the most profitable breed in a commercial way, if one can judge anything by the generous values that are being paid for noted individuals. There have been a number of purchases of Englishbred Airedales at prices ranging from $500 to $2000 and $3000 each, within the last few years, so there is from this standpoint no longer any disputing the value of what breeders have produced in careful attention to improvement of individual
type.
Airedales in America.
In America the fancy for the Airedale is a general and wide-spread one, as they are found in every State and Territory in the United States and every Province of Canada. They are the faithful companion of the tender child at home in family life, and a trusty guard for its safety. The city fancier enjoys his companionship at home or in cross-country tramps, when the Airedale is always busy and ready to find something of interest, whether varmints or shaking a mountain beaver or treeing some noisy squirrel or grouse, or even roading a bevy of quail, all for the fun of it. If a swim is at hand, he is the first to enjoy it, and stands ready to retrieve anything; or, if at the shore, handles himself most dexteriously in the surf, and in shoal waters the writer has witnessed an Airedale fish for hours at a time, running up and down the flats, following the little darting fin bearers, with head under water seemingly as often as out. This suggests the relating of a "real" fish story, concerning a hunting Airedale owned by the writer, by name of Lake-Dell Gotch. He had been out for a season's work and the hunter who was using him, frequently used boiled fresh salmon for his dog-feed, taking these from the abundant supply in the valley streams. He secured them by spearing the fish in shallow water. Gotch always wanted to go along and watched eagerly the process. He soon was to be seen wading and chasing some good sized fish toward the bank, and by comical maneuvers gradually get him into the pocket of some edge, until by a quick grab he caught him by the tail, and rushed out with the fish for dry land. At first his failures to always land the fish were amusing, and they would frequently flop back into the water until he learned to carry them a safe distance from the stream. One evening on reaching camp, Gotch had disappeared, and he did not turn up the next day. That evening some timber cruisers passed us and told us one of
22
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
our dogs was down by the river fishing. When we found him he was barking merrily off in the woods, guarding a pile of at least fifty handsome big salmon, and having a hard time to keep the live ones from flopping away. He was a happy dog, and proud of his labors. The farmer and rancher has found in him a dog that combines more than any other breed everything that is useful in a He loves to continually hunt for and exterminate all dog. vermin and pests to poultry, and the stray cat is but a tussel of a second and he has it disposed of. The sheepherder and cattleman finds in the Airedale the one dog they can depend upon at all times to quickly sound the alarm of molesting maurauders being about, and are willing assistants in driving away the howling and mischievous coyotes and, when it is possible to corner one, will single-handed kill it with despatch. The Airedale will drive sheep or cattle like a collie. Coons and the bob-cat they dearly love to hunt and kill as well, and when the rancher finds his place regularly visited only too early for his slumber by coons in the chicken coop or a visit from the destructive skunk, if he is without an Airedale on his place, he begins to think it's about time he had one, for nothing ever destroys bird or animal life on farm or ranch without an Airedale knowing it and he loses no time in the dispensing of the enemy instanter, and all so naturally and willingly, without guidance or suggestion. They are wonderful retrievers from water or on land. In the United States Forest Service throughout the West, the Rangers have rather generally adopted the Airedale as their companion-dog for their life in the wilds. The mountain hunter and trapper have come to find in the Airedale a dog par excellence for their life. The slightest movement in an adjoining thicket, he hears and detects instantly, or he scents distant game long before one has any idea of its presence, leading his master still-hunting to it, or if allowed his freedom, going off with a bound and a pace that no other dog can surpass, out of sight and hearing until he has rounded up his quarry and has a bear at bay in some recess, or cougar treed, or bob-cat cornered, when with unceasing and noisy tongue he tells the story to the otherwise peaceful hills and dales, that he is there to stay hours if needed until his hunter-master comes to put an end to the wild prey of his finding. Instances are reported of the Airedale staying with big game treed for two days' time and more before found. The writer once had a yearling Airedale stay twenty-four hours until found with his first black bear. The persistence and undaunted courage of the Airedale is well illustrated by the experience of the former U. S. Hunter for the State of Washington, P. C. Peterson, who in the winter of 1908 had been out for a day's hunt to locate a cougar (mountain lion). After a day's hard hunting with his three
23
Airedales and several hounds, a severe snowstorm came on, which, together with the approaching night, compelled him to retreat homewards. En route the dogs treed the cougar several miles from home and, as it was getting pitch-dark, and snow blinding, he could not see the prey, but only hear his snarls in With great difficulty he finally tbe top of a mighty cedar. got the dogs away from the thicket and hurried home. When about half way, he discovered one of his best Airedales, Pedro, was missing and a hasty search for him was of no avail. He was almost lost himself in controlling the other dogs, and had Being a man to abandon the search and reach safety himself. devoted to his Airedales and their courage, as soon as the three days' blizzard had abated, and Pedro had not returned, he retraced his travels to the scene of the cougar's retreat, in hopes of possibly still finding the dog, only to find when once there but mute evidence where with snow packed down ten feet in depth, Pedro had gamely made his last sad stand in listening to the "call of the wild" while maintaining his lonely vigil and guard, but which alone he could not survive with the handicap of snow too deep to withstand the severity of the elements.
"On the kennel floor the chain lies Where it lay a year ago, Rusty, knotted, wound in cobweb, Where cold spiders hide below.
Creaking on its unused hinges Swings the loose door to and fro, And the kennel door is mildewed, Dampened by the sifting snow. Now there is no dog to care for,
Silence only
when
I call," etc.
Morris.
As Airedales have grown more and more into public favor, they have fortunately had the benefit of the patronage of wellto-do fanciers, who are always on the alert to get hold of any
really
in securing fame for the leading Airedales of the day. Heretofore many of the best champion Airedales have been imported from England, but the American-bred winners are appearing more frequently and it is only a matter of time until some of the greatest dogs in the breed from the standpoint of perfection in type will be bred in the United States and Canada. Singularly enough in England leading authorities in 1915 accorded to the bitch Champion Dargle Deputy the distinction of being the best Airedale in England. That Canada is coming to the front, in the importation and breeding of Airedales, is a fact becoming known to all, but as yet the public may not generally be aware of the class of Airedales which are being used in our neighbor-
good new dog in the breed. Each season, the rivalry will continue
24
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

country.
Mr. Norman Mackenzie of Regina, Canada, others, during 1915, brought out a notable importation in the dog, Champion King Nobbler's Double, and has in recent years brought to merited international championship the iming
among
ported dog Polam Maxim. So much attention has been given to improving the breed's general appearance, that whereas in its early days the Airedale was a shaggy, rough-looking customer, as homely a canine as ever seen, the modern type of Airedale is as smart and toppy as any of the terrier breeds. This fact is peculiarly creditable and praiseworthy in view of the necessity all through its development of maintaining the characteristics of the original purpose of the breed, namely, in having a thoroughly game fighting dog, one endowed with a most powerful physique,
and stature for endurance and hard work and also the rarest hunting instincts. The Airedale originated as a working terrier and a hunting dog he will always be, as all terrier breeds had lacked the scenting powers of the hound blood until it was so successfully introduced and maintained in this breed.
size
First Impression.
The following letter is an amusing account of a first impression of the appearance of an Airedale puppy, received by W. W. Titus, well known as a veteran field trial handler and fancier of sporting dogs:
"Dear Sir: The rag and bone and hank of hair came all right and don't you forget it. My nigger came home with a grin on him so wide he could hardly get through a twelve-foot gate. 'Bos,' said he, 'some dem yere Yankees dun sent you a fices.' But this is neither here nor there. 'Frills,' as we call her, though not a yard wide, is all hair. She was the scariest dog I ever saw, but after awhile she lost her wildness, and now wants to follow everywhere. If she has any breeding, let's hear it judging from her looks she must have run altogether to breeding. If I can keep my nigger from tying her to a stick to wash windows with I believe she will grow into a full-sized dog some day. Thanking you for your kind attention and incidentally for selecting for me such a handsome specimen of the Airedale breed, I am most humbly yours,
W. W. TITUS, Kennel Review."

Not unlike the modern mechanical tool with its dozen uses, so the Airedale in dog flesh has filled the human craving for an all-around dog, one that combines enough distinctive and inherited traits of character that he can be developed to meet every use, whether the requirement be such as to call on his purely terrier aggressiveness and killing powers or his natural ambitious hunting instincts, be it for feathered game or the pursuit of big g me.
25
Such a breed with its every-varying sporting tendencies is certainly one which the world has much room for and its widespread and universal popularity has but begun, for the Airedale fills every want and need that the human race can ask a thoroughbred dog to serve: He embodies a naturally quiet and reserved temperament with one that is up and coming the moment there is anything doing. It is exceptional to find the noisy temperament in the Airedale, like some other varieties of the terrier family. They are naturally mute except when excited to something worth while. He is game to the core, does not carry a grouch about with him and is ready to fight to the death when occasion demands, and no dog lives, of equal weight, that is a match for an Airedale once aroused: Airedales are peculiar in this matter of being aroused to a situation of perhaps imposition from another dog before their fighting blood is up. They will be most indifferent and yet ever ready, and the instant they are attacked, they are all there in a second with actions so quick and forceful that lightning seems slow in comparison, for with punishing jaw and great strength they are seldom bested. Don't ever worry about the safety of your Airedale when attacked by a street dog; he will take care of himself and if in unequal battle, he will find some clever way to cover. The writer had occasion to know of a case in point: Two Airedale pals, Guard and Caesar, one an exceptionally small specimen, yet chuck-full of fearless grit, and the other a slow, sober, but large, husky individual, were attacked on the street by a termendous brute of a Mallimuth, one of the eighty-pound sort. These Northern dogs are wolf-like in nature, have sharp cutting teeth, and a coat with the density of a bear's hide. They are powerfully built and are always dangerous assailants to man or beast. The two Airedales realized the utter hopelessness of meeting him in the usual form of battle and instinctively seemed to understand each other's predicament at once, for while the larger dog fastened onto a throat hold, the little chap took the hind quarters, and when found, they had the Mallimuth stretched out tight, hors de combat, and they had held him there some time and would have certainly killed him had they not been discovered and driven apart. The following letter illustrates an incident of the gameness of three Airedales in a tough encounter with a cougar:
"North Bend, Wash., Jan. 9, 1912. * * * Dear Sir: The next morning I started for Nortb Bend, Jack and Togo carrying their packs of camp necessities, and only got into the edge of the clearing when I missed
Whiskers. I called to him several times only to find out that he was on the track of a cougar that had passed within one hundred yards of the cabin during the night, and as the snow was very hard it took me several minutes before I discovered
26
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
the cougar track. I turned Jack and Togo loose and they soon caught up with Whiskers, and in less than one hour I heard the three dogs coming towards me in full cry. A halfgrown deer ran by me, and next after the deer came the cougar and the three Airedales. When, seeing me, the cougar turned back in the direction he had come from, but Jack was there, first in the lead. He flew right at the cougar's throat and the cougar, going pretty fast, turned clean over, when, quicker than I write these lines, Togo and Whiskers had him by the hind quarters. Just about that time I got my little Mauser pistol into action, and the first shot broke the cougar's neck.
P. C.
PETERSON."
Petersen's Leader
"Lake Dell Whiskers"
Showing- type of one of the gamest and most experienced hunting Airedales that ever lived. This dog was hunted nine years until finally killed in his last encounter with bear.
CHAPTER
II.
PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE OF THE AIREDALE

TERRIER.
Appearance.
The Airedale of today is distinctively a terrier paragon. His physical individuality is impressive at first sight, as all know who have had occasion to lead one or two through a city's streets and had the constant interested inquiries from strangers to answer, who want to know all about them. Airedales should have a clean-cut terrier appearance, handsome in the placement of their richly contrasted coloring, coupled with a characteristic dignity of bearing and self-contained
activity.
alert
The Airedale is an upstanding dog, proud of bearing, ever and interested without the semblance of a toy or light
weight in his build, showing much prowess, zeal and vigor in abundance, curbed only by his excellent temper, and as sound a jacket as the present-day breeder can give him, in density and hardness of coat and color to suit the dog's lineage and popular favor. His running gear must be uniformly put together, to permit Of great speed in the chase, requiring the toughest of feet, chest deep and ribs well sprung to give great lung capacity. Withal a dog of good station, which embodies effective power in combat.
Size
and Weight.
and its accompanying unmistakable embodiment of power and invincible strength is a natural first impression of a good Airedale. This size question has been a changeable one in the Airedale's development from its early days. In December, 1879, Mr. Reginald Knight, of Chappel Allerton, Leeds, EngSize
land, then recognized as the leading exponent of the welfare of the breed, furnished Mr. Vero Shaw an estimate of the breed for the "Book of the Dog," and gave a standard, which was signed up by seven of the leading fanciers of that day in England. Weight was given as 40 to 55 pounds for dogs, and This was in the days when the 3 5 to 50 pounds for bitches. influence of the Otter Hound crossing and recrossing, back and forth with terrier blood had maintained the hound size largely, with also its houndy ears and ungainly appearance. It is well to bear in mind that the Airedale was not produced from one mating, or any succession of limited matings and
28
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
but rather required years to develop and establish constantly improving form, due to the ambition of judicious breeders and fanciers to constantly build up and strengthen terrier characteristics: This eventually seemed to carry the fancy to the other extreme, for it was not so many years before the Kennel Club of England, to satisfy the fanciers of the breed, that were showing the breed and advancing it into one of the most profitable show-breeds in England, was influenced to formulate in its standard requirements the size question to a maximum limit of 4 5 pounds for a dog, as a guide post. This had the influence of breeding ultra-terrier types until show winners fell altogether too far short of this weight, and undersized, small specimens became common. It is here seen that in its native land the weight limits of the breed are stretching upwards, for as one English writer and exhibitor expresses it, "If the Airedale is to be allowed to win on a low weight he will be bred down to the Irish, and who knows perhaps become
crosses,
its
Head Study
(10%
inches in length)
merged in him. I should be very sorry to see him get smaller, and think the question of weight should have much more consideration with judges than it now has" (referring to what had been a tendency to advance the small type of Airedale in England and America, against the present growing popularity of the larger type).
That standard size and weight is today a very elastic requirement in England is evident by the following from the pen of the editor of "Our Dogs": "The standard descripiton and code of points of the Airedale Terrier has been formulated merely as a guide to breeders, exhibitors and judges, and not as the laws of the Medes and Persians, an irrevocable and unalterable statute. If the latter, then it means that an Airedale Terrier 44% lb. weight, however moderate in merit, is eligible
PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE

to
29
compete and win prizes and Club emoluments, but one 45 1 weight (between which the eye could detect no difference and for all practical purposes there is no real difference) is a monstrosity and ineligible to compete. Such is, of course
/
lb.
absurd."
Nowadays, the tendency seems pendulum-like to be swinging in the other direction, for the undersized Airedale proved an abomination and a most disappointing climax in the breeding for show dogs that brought it about, and there is reason to believe that the Airedale's size everywhere will in the future be maintained in representative and winning types in dogs that weigh between 45 and 55 pounds and bitches about 5
pounds
less.
bear in mind that show judging is always on the comparative basis and not technically scored by standard points, one can readily understand the varying opinions possible in
When we
what constitutes the best
ideal for size.
Weight
in
uncertain a factor in determining the desired size Of more importance is height at shoulders, of an Airedale. stolidity of build, large bone formation in leg structure, giving power to good station, strength in neck and shoulders, compactness of body and a perfect muscular development. During 1919, Field and Fancy (New York), America's leading Airedale weekly, invited open discussion and letters from prominent Airedale owners on the subject of weight in Airedales. It brought out many interesting opinions. Space is given in this chapter for two excerpts, as pertinent to the subject matter, one by the author and the other by Mr. W. E. Baker, Jr., of New York, prominent as a breeder and judge of the breed, whose writings are sound and substantial.
itself is too
Type Not Weight.

"Editor, Field and Fancy: It is a pleasure for me to take a pen hand on the subject of Airedales, for when twenty years ago I began to befriend the breed with an occasional article to your paper and others, I little realized that the breed would by now have established itself as numerically the largest owned breed in this country. Recently I was scanning a copy of a prominent Western paper devoted to out-of-door life and recreation, and in it a novice had the temerity to ask the Kennel Editor what breed of dogs was the 'best' to own. His reply was that there were forty fair answers to the question, all of them right, but dog for dog, the Airedale had the most brains, and knew how to use them better than any other breed in existence. "So when your letter came along asking me for my opinion of the controversy which your issue of April 26 entitled 'Weight in Airedales,' I felt a good deal like the editor above quoted. I see
in
nothing in the matter to get excited over, as it is a subject that has come up for discussion periodically about once a year in our kennel publications for a decade past. Bickering over it avails nothing, for the fact is there is no important divergence of opinion among those who know a first class Airedale when they see one. "Weight is not a suitable word to use in the consideration of the subject. This was aptly illustrated some years ago when Dr. Henry Jarrett was judging a Seattle show I had the management of. There was a cup up for the biggest Airedale to be decided by weight. Out West here, then and now, the hunters like the big
30
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
ones and have an idea that they cannot be bred and raised too large, so Bill Bailey wanted to see how big- a specimen be found to win the cup he had donated. Among many the could competition centered on a 11-months-old puppy a boy had brought from a ranch where he had had his freedom (and the puppy was in in poor flesh). This Airedale weighed 78 pounds. A butcher produced the winner in Landrail (bred by Dr. R. M. Dodds of Mankato Minn ), and when I weighed this dog he balanced the scales at 82 pounds, and yet was not in appearance an extra large dog but a heavy set, big-boned dog, deep in body and loin and heavy in flesh. 'Airedales that would not weigh over 55 pounds might seem to the eye to be more sizable than this dog, and the 78 pound pup looked bigger all over. Another extreme case of weight came under my notice two years ago when a 10-months-old male puppy came in from the country for shipment to a big game hunter This
matured at 12 months of age. He was a monstrosity for both weight and size, the big all over kind, and on the scales 10 months) weighed 88 pounds. By this time he could easily tip(at them over 100 pounds. He was an absolutely purebred Airedale from healthy hunting stock, and his sire and dam were of average size but the litter were all big specimens. The inbreeding had evidently coupled and strengthened the dominant size-tendencies In the ancestry and good feeding and country life did the rest of it None of these three extra large specimens of the breed maintained any attractive balance of Airedale type, but coarseness all over
artificial eventually
entirely and wins maybe championship honors and is bred to and reproduces poor coats continually. Judges should give the gate to all entries of dogs showing a doctored coat and correct this, for if a poor-coated dog gets by others
will follow him.
inated in its make-up, and its influence toward size is still the strongest element in the breed's reproduction. This is also aided by a popular tendency among breeders to always breed to a large sized sire. Time cannot erase/ the spots in a leopard's coat, nor will it ever change the tendency toward size in Airedale breeding. "Please note I use the word 'size' not 'weight,' for weight is no criterion to go by. I can put 10 pounds on any Airedale in a month if in average flesh, so weight varies too easily to be a dependable guide, other than giving a 'mind's idea' of what a 45 to 50 pound Airedale should perhaps appear to look like. But many a good, fat, chunky, undersized specimen can easily tip the scales to the requirement of the English standard, which American specialty clubs seem to have been too eager to copy namely 40 to 45 pounds. "Having always favored size in Airedale type, I am glad to here state that this is not for/ itself alone. A sporting Airedale does not have to be a big one to be a dead game dog in the use for the breed in all classes of hunting. I have bred and seen too many Airedales that were not large specimens, that were all one could ask for in this matter of usefulness. But right here let me counsel your Airedale readers to go slow in zealously acclaiming that size is the much desired equation in Airedale breeding. There are so many more important considerations in Airedale type that experienced fanciers, give size only a passing consideration. To elucidate a bit, I would say, above all, a first-class 'show dog' must have superior standard type in head points, symmetry and texture of coat, general style and showiness, involving grace in action and attractive general ensemble, that denotes 'quality.' The weakest general shortcoming in the breed today is texture of coat, an otherwise good show dog is exhibited in stripped condition of coat
was manifest. "When, however a large dog does maintain uniform symmetry and balance in his structural type, then his owner has something worth while and the breed has simply proved its perpetuation of what its inherited tendencies must always be. For, bear in mind that when the breed was originated Otter Hound blood predom-
"Now a large sized Airedale may have these requirements that a winner has got to possess. As I am personally more familiar with the champion Airedales I have seen and known on the Pacific

Coast than those in the East, I will mention the following- showchampions, every one of which were large sized Airedales, and dogs that have been used and produced good stock, among their get being champions and winners: King Oorang, Matlock Bob, Motor Dace, Bilmer Bingo, Koote-nai Chinook, Thayerdale Tenny. "In champion bitches we have had McConnell's Queen, Killarney Marion, two extra large ones, that would weigh 50 to 55 pounds almost any time.
"This is enough to make it clear that a large-sized Airedale is not to be denied championship honors as a show dog, if he has the requirements that he must have to win not only at one show but at the many and under several judges. "So again let me say, that size is only one of the many good things an Airedale can have. A really high-class show dog that has it is lucky, for with size one rarely finds the very elements that a show winner must maintain. A large sized Airedale too easily tends to undue length of body, a homely coarseness of head and a plodding action. A show dog must have the reverse of all this compactness and symmetry of build, a 'balanced type,' all parts in proportion to size and contour and that real action a show dog needs to set it all off with grace. As in other things there is
Champion Birch cliff e Oorang (Imported) (Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie, Esq.)
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

a tendency for big- thing's to move slowly. There is a mistaken idea that is current namely, mating bitches to large dogs to maintain stamina in the brood. This is a fallacy, for the average medium-sized sire that has desired 'balanced type' of selected refinement, produces the good large ones just as often, and maybe oftener, than the sire whose size is his chief claim for distinction. Size is easily grown in any puppy that has a healthy heritage, no matter what the size of immediate parentage. It is a case of knowing how to feed and raise the puppy properly. "There will always be two distinct kinds of Airedales: (1) The show animal; (2) the utility Airedale. There may be 1 in a 100 of the show Airedale, though I am inclined to believe that a really high- class show Airedale is even a rarer commodity than this proportion; of the other 99 per cent, a good two-thirds would rank as the 'real dog' for which the breed stands and the remainder are the usual 'discard,' better lost than found. R. M. PALMER."
"Editor, Field and Fancy: As to the particular point or question of size, which you have asked my opinion on, this is to my mind a very minor consideration in judging the Airedale in the ring, or in the construction of any particular dog as to whether he is a good dog or not. "In the Standard and Scale of Points, a number of points are given, though not particularly and properly specified in the standard under the general term of character. To my mind this means the disposition of the dog. In the show ring, shown by his behavior and expression. In the home, shown by his brains or sense, obedience and ability and willingness to mind his own business and yet when the need arises to be game to a finish. An Airedale should be a quiet, sensible unobtrusive dog, with a one-mandisposition, and should not be quarrelsome and pugnacious with other dogs, and should at the same time be totally unafraid. dog with a nasty quarrelsome disposition, either in or out of a show ring, is distinctly lacking in Airedale character. "I have heard fanciers say they did not care if their dogs did not have sense enough to come in out of the rain, if they were good looking enough to win. Such an Airedale in my opinion is utterly
worthless, no matter how good looking he might be and he should be penalized in the show ring for lack of character in so far as it is possible, by the dog's action in the ring to determine his disposition. This, then, is to my mind, the first essential in a good dog in or out of a show ring. "The second consideration in a good dog is that no matter what size he may be for that size he should have plenty of good bone and substance and hard flesh and muscle. In other words, be able In the to do any amount of work he might be called on to do. show ring he should have hard, firm flesh and muscle and a general air of preparedness. "The third consideration is that an Airedale must have a bigstrong jaw. I do not mean whiskers, and it does not need to be long, but it must be a really strong jaw. "The fourth consideration is that an Airedale must have a hard coat. This is an absolute essential. As far as| I am personally concerned an Airedale with a soft coat is doomed, no matter how good he may be otherwise. I wish Airedales had to be shown absolutely as nature made them. Then the dogs with real coats might more easily be distinguished in the show ring. An Airedale should have a soft undercoat, and a hard, wiry coat growing through this, and only growing about an inch and a half long. A real coated Airedale does not carry much whiskers, has no silky hairs on his skull; his coat lies close and straight or with a very slight ripple, and he looks neat and tidy at any time. If a show dog, his coat can be kept in good condition with only an occasional plucking once or twice a year. Any other kind of coat is wrong. The unfortunate part of the coat question is that the expert tonsorial artist can make a poor coated dog temporarily appear like a good coated dog, and 'take in' not only the uninitiated, but many of the self-considered cognoscenti. But the man that is thoroug-hly acquainted with the real thing in coats need not v, oxryx The use of clippers, the coat that has been plucked a certain length of time ahead and newly grown in and the look

and feel of it, and particularly fluffy whiskers give it away.
"If I
32
and
any amount
of light colored
have made myself plain, it appears then, that a good Airemust have brains, good bones and substance, a strong jaw, coat. If he has these four things, and was as homely as sin, he is a good Airedale, and he can be as handsome as Apollo,
dale
and a hard
and lack any one of these four essential qualities and be a rotten Airedale, and the question of size doesn't enter into the matter at all. He can be big, medium or small, and still be a good one or a rotten faker. A real Airedale or an honest Airedale if you prefer, is one that looks good at any time in its natural state. This is the only sort to breed to, and the only sort to try to breed that should win. "Now, to go a bit more into the question of size. Suppose we have a good Airedale an 'honest' dog with the four essentials. It both ways. Otheris obvious we must have some limit to size wise we would have to, to be fair, double our classes in the show ring by weight or eventually have two breeds. I am, therefore, in favor of the medium sized dog, neither too large nor too small. And as oversize carries its own this works out usually in the end penalties of coarseness and lack of terrier quality or character, while the undersized dogs usually lack bone and substance and
Champion "Polam Maxim" (Imported) (Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie)
34
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
When extremes meet in the judging- ring and both are good, and there is no medium-sized dog in the same class, why, you walk up and take your choice. It isn't a question of size. It is which is the best dog, and size doesn't enter the matter at all as far as I can see. Though I must say frankly, that a good big 'un is mighty appealing. "The coat question is a far more serious matter than the question of size. To see dogs win championships that grow coats like a sheep, if given half a chance, and to see dogs turned down for 'too much coat,' when the dog that beats them is stripped down to nothing, practically, is enough to discourage a saint. To see dogs that would have curls all over them if the hair was left alone for ten days, and to hear their owners rave about wavy coats is enough to make anyone ask, 'What's the use?' (Ifl an Airedale fancier wants to know the kind of coat an Airedale ought to have let him) look at a Welsh Terrier). Why, we have even had the ridiculous spectacle of a soft-coated Airedale winning for the best in the show at Westminster. "And then, there are the small ear fanciers. Preserve us from a Fox Terrier ear on an Airedale. It is wrong. The Airedale ear should be carried distinctly to the side and should be quite large in proportion to the size of the dog, but not hounds, even in
jaw power.
suggestion.
"And then, there are the 'narrow head' fanciers, that skin and sweat their poor dog's head down to nothing. For the love of Mike, don't let us ruin the Airedale. Leave some room for brains. Airedales, today haven't half the intelligence or sense that they had in the good old days of Twig and Rosebud. I know it. Let's be reasonable about heads, and let's look for a little more expression and less 'narrowness.' "And next we have the 'color faddist,' with his deep red tan and black back. By all means let's have a nice bright tan and a black well diversified saddle but not if it carries with it, as it often does, a soft coat. What harm is a little red up the back? They all have it sooner or later. "And I might keep on and mention fronts and teeth, etc., etc., for why stop at size? W. E. BAKER, JR."
1
Importance of Quality.
What is known as "quality," a more or less indescribable characteristic, should be a prominent factor in a typical Airedale. This "quality" seems to be that something in the ensemble of the make-up of a dog that pleases and attracts at first glance. The handsome show-setter shows it at once, and The factor of "quality" in an Airedale is so must the terrier. an embodiment of all that one wishes to find in a classy terrier, vivation, showiness, and the like, all set off by as perfect a type as one can get. Most of the Airedale Specialty Clubs in America have copied the standard requirements for the breed as adopted by very comprehensive and suitThe Kennel Club of England. able standard description of what the ideal Airedale Terrier should be is found in Count Henry De Bylandt's "Dogs of All
Nations" (London, 1905).

Standard Description.
35
Squarely same length as height. He the largest variety of the Terrier. Long. Skull Flat, not too broad between the ears and narrowing slightly to the eyes, free from wrinkles. Stop Hardly visible. Byes Small, dark in color, not prominent but full of Terrier expression. Nose Black, nostrils open. Cheeks Free from fullness. Lips Tight. Jaws Deep and powerful, well filled up before the eyes. Teeth Strong and Ears V shaped, with a side carriage, but not out of proportion to the size of the dog. Neck Of moderate length and thickness, gradually widening towards the shoulders and free from throatiness. Shoulders Long and sloping well into the the back; shoulder blades Chest Deep but not broad. Back Short, strong and straight. Ribs Well sprung. Hind-quarters Strong and muscular with no droop. Legs Perfectly straight, with plenty of bone; hocks well let down. FeetSmall and round, with good depth of pad. Tail Set on high and carried gaily, and not curled over the back; always docked to about (or 10) inches. CoatHard and wiry, but not so long as to appear ragged. straight and close, covering the dog well should also
General Appearance
is
built,
Head
level.
flat.
lie
It all
over the body and legs. Color .The head and ears (with the exception of dark markings on each side of skull) should be tan, the ears being of a darker shade than the rest, the legs up to the thighs and elbows being also tan; the body black or dark grizzle. Height at Shoulders From 20 to 24 inches.
Weight
is
a very important point, as light dogs are condemnable. (Disqualifying Points White marks or patches on the body and an uneven mouth, either overshot or undershot). Many, of the leading show winners of the day have a slight white marking on the chest, not enough to be a patch or prominent as such. This slight tendency of white appearing in a small spot on chest seems to be nothing unusual in real good specimens and is not regarded as of sufficient importance to disqualify, under the accepted merits of the type desired in the breed today.
Dogs
from
40 to 50 lbs., bitches slightly less.
The
size
Scale of Points.
Head, ears, eyes, mouth Neck, shoulders and chest
Body
Hind-quarteds and stern Legs and feet Coat
Color
20 10 10
5
30
15
General character and expression

Total
30 15 10 15
100
36
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Mr. Henry Hanna, an authority in England on Airedale breeding, in reviewing prominent individual Airedales which were shown in 1914, is quoted in the English Kennel Gazette,
viz.:
trary to the distinct standard set ud by every club. I am also of the opinion that we have seen this year fewer flat-ribbed and light-bodied specimens even among the lower ranks. The great factors to be aimed at in breeding typical Airedales are body, coat, loins and bone, but many of the modern exhibitors There is not the never look past the dog's head and ears. same craze for the long foreface that often seems disproportionate to the skull and even to the dog himself. I hope that the days of the flat-catcher are coming to an end with his By all Irish Terrier ears and abnormally long 'donkey' head. means let us have a handsome typical head, but let us look at the back of it for the real substance of such a Terrier as the Airedale, who must combine substance, strength and agility with a weather-resisting double coat of sound color, and made of hair, not wool."
"As to the breed generally, I am glad to say that there is marked improvement in coat, color and body. The light biscuit tan that ran through some good Airedales for the past few years was traceable to certain blood, but while it was often accompanied by high quality it was wrong and con-
Champion Crofton Chum

(Courtesy Mr. John M. Williams)
CHAPTER
III.
THE KENNEL, HOW TO ARRANGE

The Chain.
IT.
If you are to keep but one dog for family companionship and guard, no kennel is needed, for it's inhuman to chain an Airedale up alone to a sleeping box. Should the situation require it in the limited room of a city backyard and occasional epidemics of the carnal fiend dog poisoner, the most satisfactory plan to adopt is to string a heavy wire ten or twenty feet in length, with a solid metal ring sliding its length, to which This affords ample exercise for is attached the swivel chain. any dog and has saved many a dog's accidental poisoning. Chaining a dog up regularly tends to spoil his otherwise good disposition and his jumping continually at the limit of chain throws his shoulders and elbows out, giving him an unsightly appearance and front. Never chain a dog to a fence or box near a fence, as many a dog has lost his life by jumping, when chained, over a fence.
The Poison Question.

is not to be generally feared except where purposely set for predatory animals and in cities for rats. To be always prepared for an accidental case of poison, it is well to have at hand some sulphate of zinc and a bottle of wine of ipecac. Give a grown dog twenty grains of the zinc in a teaspoonful of water. In a few minutes give a teaspoonful of wine of ipecac. This will produce vomiting. If the owner sees to it that your dog or dogs are not a menace in any manner to your neighbors, danger from poison is eliminated. Generally speaking, too much liberty is given a dog and more than is conducive to his best welfare. It is a mistake to allow a well bred dog to roam the streets of the town with all sorts, or to have the liberty of using a neighbor's lawn and garden Stale waste barrels are as their self-selected playground. frequently the cause of poison, which is put out to exterminate rats. In cases of poison from picking up "rough on rats," symptoms of which are foaming at the mouth and intense muscular contractions, the immediate use of heated lard poured into the stomach, either half or a cupful, according to size and age, will save the dog's life. Keep your dog at home and only at liberty when one of the family is with him and you need never fear the poisoned bait.
Dog poison
is
poison
38
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Plan of Kennel

Kenneling.
IT
39
If you are to have more than one dog, a pair we will say, and more, provide a warm house, affording shade in the hot weather and ample protection from winter weather, free from draughts, with a fairly roomy runway yard. The kennel should
be placed in such a position as to be least disturbed by passersand never on the fence line. The sketch for plan of kennel shown herein is simple and one that is adapted for two or a dozen dogs, of varying ages. Do not expect to keep Airedales inside of an exercise yard or runway which is fenced with poultry-wire netting or board fencing. They are most certain to learn even while young to go through most any wire netting, and if the mesh is too heavy for their teeth to tear, they soon learn to climb it, like going up a ladder. The writer has seen Airedales go over fences ten feet in height. They are naturally great jumpers, and when mature can get over most anything, except just one kind of a fence, and that is a picket fence, built with the joist on the outside of the yard and the pickets inside. The upper joints should be set two feet down from top of pickets, which gives no foot-hold for a dog wishing to jump over the pointed pickets. After one unsuccessful attempt there will be no more jumping. Base of all yard fences must have boards eighteen inches deep in ground to stop disposition to dig holes under and out. In kennel plan given, note that a goodly portion of the area inside the house is an earth floor, which affords cool shade in summer and dry ground in winter. The kennel should preferably be located on high ground or a slope, with plenty of windows for light and ventilation. The sleeping bench or floor is better limited in area, as it is naturally kept cleaner if so. Airedales need no bedding of any sort except in particularly cold weather. Cedar shavings or sawdust is excellent for bedding, except in wet climates, when unless changed often it becomes damp. Ashes are too hard on the coats. There is nothing better than straw, but it must be renewed regularly, as if left it crumbles up to a fine litter which is a most fertile breeding nest for insects, particularly fleas. If you keep the kennel sleeping floors sprayed and free from dust your dogs will not be bothered with fleas in the kennel. In summer wet the ground down often, and the result is the same. Fleas thrive If your growing puppies are sleeping in fine litter and dust. in boxes with straw bedding, powder the bottom of the boxes with insect powder, or powdered sulphur, and you will find them free from the annoyance of continually scratching for fleas, which develops skin trouble. A most suitable and convenient arrangement for a kennel enclosure is to build a bench along the outside wall of some outbuilding, two feet off ground, over which build a sloping
by,
40
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
This affords dry resting quarters in bad weather and dry and cool ground under bench in good weather. Airedales do not need large runways, but thrive in limited exercising yards, and grown dogs should be kenneled in pairs, rarely more together. Study the dispositions of your dogs and kennel them accordingly. It sometimes happens that puppies will fight over food badly even when kenneled in pairs. When such is the case, the best corrective plan is to place the aggressor in with a friendly older dog or bitch, when the pup's ardor is silenced by the difference in age and ability. Airedales have to be watched carefully at meal times, for it is oftentimes easier to avoid a scrap than to stop it after it is well under way. Chain up at feeding time any older dog that is too greedy and bosses others away from food pan. Puppies particularly are liable to injure each other badly by fighting, and it should never be encouraged. Kennel stalls and yards should be cleaned daily and no manure allowed to remain, as it is a breeder of disease in attracting flies. Much of a dog's daily life is spent lying about on the ground and his quarters should be kept clean, or his coat soon becomes foul with disease germs of gestated vermin and insect life. Paint sleeping floor with crude petroleum and spray occasionally with creolin or Zenoleum solution.
roof with overhang.
Dog
the
Collars, the Best Kind.
collar is an important item, as those who depend on average assortment of ornamental collars for sale by tradesmen generally get a poorly adapted collar for a dog as powerful and strong as the Airedale. Ornamental collars serve their purpose in pleasing the eye, like fancy dress, but if more common sense were used in the matter of dog collars there would be fewer annoyances of lost dogs from the show benches, due to broken and bent rings and poor fastenings. The best collar for an Airedale is the rolled leather collar, one in which the fastening end of the strap passes through hooking ring to reach buckle. If this is not obtainable, the next best and the one sensible and durable collar to provide is this one a homemade production. Purchase from any notion supply store a strong book strap, which gives you two straps plus a handle (at cost of a few cents for small size). Discard the handle and cut straps to proper length, making necessary holes for buckling with a punch or nail. Get a nickel's worth of three-quarter Slip one on each strap, inch iron rings at a hardware store. and the best collar in the world for practical service has been made at a minimum cost. This collar holds, and the ring does not pull out or collar get cut by ornaments. The best collar for breaking in a puppy is made by taking a leather strap about one yard long, pass it under chest behind elbows, put both ends through an iron ring, cross the ends and pass them
The
IT
41
over shoulders and down under neck where the strap is buckled to suitable* length. This collar has the advantage of not pulling directly on neck and choking. Padlocks on collars are sources of great annoyance. Keys to them get lost, and they do not protect against} the knife blade of the dog thief. The only other collar which it is well to have is the spike collar. The purpose of this collar, and its singular usefulness, lies in its hypnotic effect in breaking up a dog's fighting tendencies, if a dog happens to be prone to it. It is only seldom that an Airedale is prone to street fighting and when the disposition is so developed it is due to some fault of the owner. An Airedale naturally prefers not to pick a quarrel, yet if attacked he always will give a good account of himself. When a dog is on the street a good deal and exposed to the
attacks of all kinds, including the vicious, the use of the spike collar on your own dog is desired. Its appearance has the effect of keeping the most viciously inclined to prefer peace for the time, and even when placed on a fighting dog has a similar effect. It seems to dispel all preliminary arguments.
Author and Some Kennel Favorites Champion Matlock Bob (left) and Champion Lake-Dell Damsel (right)
THE TYPE THAT PRODUCES WINNERS

Ilustrating type of sire and brood matron desired in successful breeding, notably in heiad, foreface, muzzle, placement of ears, legs, bones, and feet.
Champion Matlock Rob (Imported)
CHAPTER
IV.
FEEDING.
Diet.
Airedales being constitutionally so hardy a breed thrive on most any diet when once successfully raised. If fortunate enough to enjoy the life of a family home, the varied diet of
table scraps, with its assortments of bones,
vegetables, meat and cereal products make a
healthy menu, and the only caution necessary is against over-feeding. Grown dogs should be fed moderately morning and night in winter months, and but once a day, at night, in warm weather. The family guard that gets
ample
will
exercise
daily
espe-
keep
if
himself in
good
cially
condition,
bucket of
C old water is accesAmerican-bred) si bi e Avoid fish, chop and chicken bones. The angle of fish and chop bones, if poorly masticated, are sharp enough to obstruct stomach and intestine, and turkey bones, being hollow and brittle, rarely get chewed fine enough to digest well and will cause serious trouble. Feed some milk now and then, also well-cooked liver. A dog that eats immoderately, even ravenously, and bloats after eating, needs attention with vermifuge (see Chapter VIII). It is always better for a dog to be a bit under-fed than over-fed. The daily diet should have considerable variety in its selection. For the household companion the use of dog cakes will be found most convenient as they are wholesome and a meal of dog cakes for growing puppies daily or occasionally will be found beneficial. An economical and desirable method of their use is to soak them with water and when well broken mix with bran. Dog cakes or biscuits are carefully prepared, keep indefTheir ground form initely, nourishing and easily assimilated.
(
.
Champion Lake-Dell Damsel
44
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
and puppy meal are excellent for puppies. Those advertised in this book will be found reliable and satisfactory in every way.
The writer has made a careful study of kennel feeding for twenty years, and exprimented with all sorts of food. The result of these observations will likely prove of value to many, whether new fanciers or old hands, for it is never too late to learn something in these twentieth century eye-opening days. If one is to keep more than one or two dogs, the task of providing for daily food is a serious consideration and has to be systematically planned, for the monthly feed bills of a kennel of a dozen or more dogs become a steady liability that demands strict economy. In kennels wherein the number fed runs up to fifty and even one hundred heads to feed, this subject becomes of still greater importance. A considerate owner of valuable Airedales wishes them fed sufficiently and
yet not wastefully.
Many kennels have access to restaurant scraps, stale waste bread and the trimmings from meat markets and boil this up with various cereal mixtures. If dogs are exercised well, and they are not over-fed with it, this diet suffices, though it is dangerous. Its danger lies in there frequently being not only "the substance of things hoped for, but the evidence of things unseen," and occasional ptomaine poisoning may be expected from it. Copious use of bran is needed to mix it into a suitable kennel food. Such a diet tends to overheating the blood, and with dogs confined to kennel life is liable to< bring on skin trouble which Airedales are active dogs and is easier to avoid than to cure. incline to eat too lustily of rich rations. The dog that has liberty at all times in town life will generally keep himself in good condition, due to the natural aperients and waste products he consumes at nature's bidding. No matter what the diet, a dog must consume a certain amount of waste product When a dog nibbles grass, or devours to be healthy and well.
stable manure, it is to offset too rich a filling-up from some excellent meal he has had access to, in which protein elements have dominated too heartily. To cure it, give a lighter diet, A less meat and more of the waste or nitrogenous rations. word as to potatoes here: They are a starvation diet for a dog, and do not seem to digest or assimilate in their boiled form. As they are mostly water, a dog does not need them in a diet.
1
Milk and
Its Uses.
is not a sufficient food for growing puppies or grown dogs. As it contains 87 per cent water, a large quantity must constitute the diet in order to give the dog the necessary supply of nutriment. Used to flavor a pan of regular food it is
Milk alone
excellent as an addition, but fed too liberally alone,
its
use
FEEDING
45
tends to bloated, stomachs which cause the conditions in which thrive and become so deleterious by their inroads upon the assimilative system of the animal. Buttermilk is a most healthful and sustaining food reliance. If the fresh article is not obtainable, use the evaporated product securable from any poultry supply house. It is sold by various trade names, given by its preparers, and is a boon to the owners of dogs as a most valuable adjunct and dependence for food supply. The writer has used evaporated buttermilk since its first appearance in commercial form and finds it a most The cereal mash satisfactory kennel food and dependence. recommended in this chapter is mixed right into this diluted buttermilk (instead of water only) and dogs are kept in prime The lactic acid therefrom seems to condition from its use. eliminate largely the growth of intestinal parasites, such that little dosing for worms is needed.- The product advertised in this book will be found reliable. Sour milk in the thickened clabber state is also excellent and one meal a day of this to puppies by itself will be found beneficial. If it scours the system too much, omit for a day or so and then continue.
worms
Suitable Kennel Foods.
We
will
that for those
now consider the diet suitable for kennel feed and who keep Airedales in numbers away from city
and town life, such as in the country on farms or ranches or in mountain hunting. Economy of unnecessary expenditure of money is the chief factor, for the hunter who takes a pack of ten or a dozen dogs into the mountains must oftimes pack all of his dog feed with him. The writer has now tested for a long time and had others use and test as a regular kennel food and field diet for dogs It is something new to past six months old the following. many dog owners and is certainly the acme of perfection for a diet; is satisfying, sustaining and a maintainer of healthy physique at all times. Until the writer by original experimenting with this kennel diet proved its efficacy it had been considered necessary to depend on prepared and cooked foods for dogs. The success of uncooked cereal products as dog feed is now established and the idea has been first formulated in this book and is original with the writer. Take a measure each of rolled or finely ground oats, bran, and soy bean meal, a half measure of powdered bone meal (and occasionally powdered charcoal), mix together dry; add salt and hot or cold water enough to thoroughly soak up the mixture, but not enough to float it. Give grown dogs a quart measure or more (whatever quantity is eaten up clean) and to each pan as fed add a little canned milk (diluted), one can
being sufficient to use in feeding six dogs.
Rolled oats with
46
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
bran; and a small proportion of fish meal is also an entirely suitable food which dogs like when once accustomed to it. The condition of bowels should be regulated by the relative proportion of bran used. This food is fed entirely uncooked and dogs thrive on it. If boiled fats and bones, or milk, be added to the mixture, it helps in giving a change, but for dogs that must live on a simple, plain diet each day, this mixture keeps the system in good condition, supporting the hardiest kind of work and yet it is not over-heating in kennel life. It is a good plan to feed the mixture dry, if the wet mixture is devoured too fast. Eating it dry requires more mastication
and mixing with mouth
saliva.
rolled oats are such as are used for family table. Oats as an animal food is one of the most nourishing of all cereals raised, as seen in the work a horse will do with it as the chief food.
The
Soy bean meal is the concentrated form of the imported Manchurian soy bean, from which it is made. It resembles a
coarse oil meal, but while oil meals average about 2 5 per cent protein nutriment, this soy bean meal runs up to about 36 per cent. The United States Farmers' Bulletins state that "excepting the peanut, there is no other raw vegetable product known which contains such a high percentage of protein and fat in such a highly digestible form as the soy bean." ''The seed can be fed to best advantage when ground into meal and is almost without equal as a concentrated feed." Also, "a bushel of soy beans is at least twice as valuable for feed as a bushel of corn." All foodstuffs contain a certain percentage of water. "Ash is what is left when the combustible part of the feeding stuff is burned away. It consists chiefly of lime, magnesia potash, etc., and is used largely in making bones. From the ash constituents of the food the digestive organs of the animal select those which the 'animal needs and the rest is voided in the manure." "The fat of food is either stored up in the body as fat or burned to furnish heat and energy." "Carbohydrates form the largest part of all vegetable foods, being stored up as fat in the animal or burned in the system to produce heat and energy. They are one of the principal sources of animal fat." "Protein is the name of a group of materials containing nitrogen. Protein materials are often designated as flesh formers, because they furnish the materials for the lean flesh, but they also enter largely into the composition of blood, skin, muscles, tendons, nerves, hair, etc. For the formation of these materials protein is absolutely indispensable." "The sources of heat and energy in the animal, then, are the protein, fat, and carbohydrates of the food, and the fat and protein of the body, for the fat and protein of the body may be burned like that in
FEEDING
the food.
47
The value of the fat for producing heat is nearly two and a half times that of carbohydrates or protein. The sources of fat in the body are the fat, carbohydrates, and probably the protein of the food, and the exclusive source of protein in the body is the protein in the food." The following comparative analysis of the consistency of foods named gives an intelligent idea of the dependence to be placed upon each, alone or in combination:
Oats
Corn Meal
15. 1.4 9.2 1.9
Soy
Round
Bran
11.9
5.8
of
Bean
8.7 5.4
Milk
87.2
.7
Beef
60.7
10.
Water Ash
Proteins .... Fibre
11.
3.
11.8
9.5
36.3
3.9
18.4
9.0
3.6
4.9 3.7
Carbohydrates 59.7 Fats 5.

of the
68.7
3.8
27.7
18.
53.9
4.
.... 12.8
In localities where soy-bean meal is not securable, the use commercial poultry egg-mash, as sold by poultry supply houses can be used and will be found a wholesome and nutritious diet, as these mashes are generally well balanced mixtures of good ,ground cereal meals, in suitable proportions. Large hard bones are injurious, if left for a dog to chew on, as he soon wears his teeth down on them. Mutton bones are excellent, and the softer beef bones, but not the ribs. Cracklins are not a wholesome diet, as they contain little nutriment of real value and tend to impoverish the blood and bring on skin trouble. Cured beef scraps, fish meal or blood meal (such as used for poultry) are better. These should, however, always be looked over carefully, to take out all grit, and well scalded with boiling water.
No Cooking Needed.
It is readily seen that this diet for the kennel eliminates the necessity of the daily cooking of food, always more or less of an annoyance, winter or summer. Dogs do not need cooked food, when one stops to consider that in their former wild wolf-like life they never had it. "We have been too ready to accustom them to the human habit of having cooked rations, and it is now proved beyond argument that the uncooked diet herein described is a healthy diet for a dog in kennel life or when engaged in the most taxing of daily physical work after the age of three months.
Importance of Bone Meal.
The writer wishes to lay particular stress on the importance bone meal (finely ground) in a dogs' diet. Dogs crave it and this strong natural instinct should be indulged,
of the use of
particularly with the rearing of puppies.
Its
use supplies the
48
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
system with needed nutrition, and a dog's digestive fluids seem to be particularly suited to its assimilation. Furthermore, the writer has observed that with bones or bone meal as a part of the diet, a dog's intestinal tract is free from the mucous coating, in which intestinal parasites gestate, grow and thrive. Plenty of bones to chew on keeps the teeth free from tartar and promotes a sound and healthy condition of the teeth.
How
to Feed.
Always separate dogs at feeding times, especially Airedales, as even "pals" will get unruly over a toothsome panful. The safest plan, if your stall room will not permit of separating them singly, is to chain up at feeding time those disposed to make trouble and take away all leavings, especially bones.
Approximate Cost.
The cost of kennel feed is in this manner reduced to a minimum, fuel, no small item, entirely eliminated, also the daily necessity of the meat market, with its present high prices of meat. From fifty cents to one dollar per month per head
the average cost of feeding a kennel of Airedales in any this diet, and the best part of it is their excellent physical condition, hard in muscle, right in flesh, always feeling active and alert, and no sick or ailing dogs. What these dog owners, among the hundreds that are using the diet recommended herein, say for it is noteworthy.
is
number on
Sir: Since reading your book, I have fed and raised Airedales on rolled oats, soy bean meal and bran, sometimes fed raw and sometimes boiled, with a little meat or fish. The pups do fine on it, and the way I feed three times a day. they fight over it, they must like it. "Dungeness, Wash., January, 1913. AL. WYLDE."
all
"Dear
my
"Dear
advised
Sir:
have been using the dog food you so kindly
about for the past nine months and I find it the I have ever used in my kennels in the My four past ten years, since I have been breeding setters. dogs are in the best possible condition, both in coat and general health, and I want to say right now if coat and condition could win prizes, I would take from first novice to best in the show. The credit I give to your 'method' of feeding. "Seattle, January 11, 1913. D. W. ALVERSON."
me
most desirable dog food
FEEDING
49
Retrieving Ducks with au Airedale

Culbertson Interloper at work; the property of Mr. H. V. Shaw, Edmonton, Canada. Mr. Shaw is the pioneer breeder of Airedales in the Canadian Northwest and an ardent sportsman in hunting
game with
his Airedales.
50
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Champion Master Briar One of the most influential sires in the improvement of the breed in England and America, whose blood is a prominent factor in many of the piesent-day champions and winners.
CHAPTER
V.
BREEDING.
History Shows Its Steady Progress.
Since the days of Pompeii, when dogs were then, as now, ofttimes family idols, such that their likenesses are today seen in the costly mosaic wall decorations, as revealed in the archives of the
homes of inhabitants of that period which the recovery of the buried treasures of the long hidChampion Red Raven's den city has unearthed, the fancy for the caring and the breeding of Head such dogs as different nations have found occasion to cherish has been a steadily advancing interest for the human race, varying in degree of intelligent development in accordance with the enlightenment of the nation. Each nation has its favorite breed, peculiarly adapted for its usage or fancy. This indisputable human tendency in every corner of the globe to find something in the companionship of dog-life, of more than common interest, is noteworthy as being responsible for the breeding of the many distinct varieties of the present day up to their varying stages of
1
"
perfection.
Kings and queens, lords and princes, merchants and millhands, indians and esquimaux, and all other elements of the great body of citizenship that make up the nations of the world have for centuries been vieing with each other in the zest of rivalry for intelligent improvement in the breeding of their favorite breeds. The human race everywhere is prone to pleasurable recreation and sport. Fondness for the companionship of dogs was followed by their being made useful in various pursuits, from the early days when "the dogs of war" were chronicled in Roman annals, to the development of their game-hunting instincts in all countries, or their use in the sled teams of the North, and it is to the sled-dogs of the northern countries that the world owes an everlasting debt as having made travel possible and wealth untold in extent within
human
reach.
of
The underlying reason

advancement
for this universal interest in the the breeding of dogs is plain. Humanity
52
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
craves varying forms of recreation, and in so many of these the companionship or usefulness of a dog is so much in demand and necessary. The dynasties of the Orient have devoted much pleasurable recreation to perfecting breeds that appeal to the limitations of the rarest pets for companionship, and this for centuries. The continental European nations have likewise perfected a large number of breeds, for both companionship and sport. The English-speaking people of the world have shown their zeal in breeding to a higher stage of perfection a larger number of breeds than any other nationalities. Wherever one goes, the world over, you find the wealthy classes taking pleasure in supporting and maintaining large kennels and the middle classes breeding within their limitations, and singularly enough the greatest strides in perfecting the standards of the breeds is attributable to the fanciers among the middle classes, whose ambitions seem ever keen to produce something better all the time.
Recreation and a Hobby.
Who
man
raising,
is
more
without a hobby?
cattle,
to be pitied in his unhappy state than the Many find their hobby in fancy stock
etc.,
horses,
for
racing or exhibition.
Our
communities are annually supporting in their patronage of fairs and exhibitions the progress made in competitive breedPoultry breeding likewise has ing, for all sorts of livestock. become a science. The discerning breeding of one's favorite
breed in dogs has become also a recreative pleasure and pastime that appeals to one and all alike whether indulged in on an extensive scale on a country estate or within the confines of city life. Therefore what hobby deserves higher popularity than the unselfish pastime of improving a standard breed of dogs, especially when made profitable in the successful achievement of its aims or ambitions? The history of the advancement in the betterment of dog breeding shows that it has included among its devotees the acknowledged leading lights of the world, in royalty, letters, arts, professions of science and pedagogy, and scions of the business world. In that classic tale "Stickeen, The Story of a Dog," by John Muir, America's most famous naturalist, is seen what can be found in a dog's character by keen human observation and the closing lines of the author, "To me Stickeen is immortal," reveals an estimate of what under emergencies developed in his close association with a worthy dog. Prof. George Herbert Palmer, formerly Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, wrote the following ethical comparison and estimate of a dog's worth to mankind: "A good dog has a nobleness which calls out respect and honor as well as liking. In us all, there are two opposing
BREEDING
53
tendencies, one of which the cat embodies, the other the dog. On the one hand we each study our own comfort, convenience and advancement, using those about us as means to these ends of our own. While on the other hand we often give ourselves up to some worthy cause or person and find all our powers brought out best through loyal devotion to it or him. This The cat is so frank in the is the way with the cat and dog. use of everybody and things about her for her own use that she becomes positively interesting, and her dependence fascinates. But the dog is just a skinful of devotion and when he has once given himself to his master, hardship, neglect, or even harsh words will not stop his utter loss of himself in his master's interest. I always feel myself humiliated in the presence of a noble dog."
A
to
Definite Purpose.
Airedales are destined to always interest those
who wish
become familiar with a breed perfected as it already is to a higher state of versatility than any other known breed. In breeding Airedales one must continually have a defined purpose in considering and deciding on each mating.
the breeder finds that the purchaser of his surplus stock desires show type, he should spare no expense in getting a constantly improved type in this respect. If the demands on the kennel are for general utility and working or hunting stock, the matings should be planned with this end chiefly in view. Mr. J. .A. Graham, in "Sporting Dogs," writes: "There is
If
an inexorable law
which tends unceasingly to a reproduction of the average quality of a breed. It constantly pulls upward Perpetuating averto the average and constantly pulls down. ages is not only threatening but it is ever present and eternal.
It
is
the law which the breeder must recognize and reckon
His wonderful winners will come along occasionally, but he must understand that whatever his breeding stock, he does very well if he gets results up to a good standard." There is much variance in the temperaments found in Airedales, similarly as in Pointers and Setters. In some Airedales the terrier characteristics predominate, in others they are less in evidence and the quieter disposition is prominent, with the desire to hunt strongly manifested. Show dogs are not bred from the more houndy types. If one wants to breed show winners, it is first necessary for the breeder to be a constant and accurate student of the winning type, and then breed for it by acquiring such individuals as appoach the ideal. The breeder is losing too much valuable time in trying to breed up mediocre stock to an approach to show type, by eradicating faults that may predominate in his stock. It is more profitable to immediately have available for use some
with.
54
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
distinctly
good show type, by purchase from a breeder who has been successful in winning with his dogs at leading shows where strong competition is met with. Some of the most noted show champions in Airedales have been grand hunting dogs as well, and proved their gameness wherever tried. Other noted individuals have likely never had the chance to show their qualifications in hunting but would likely have proved themselves had they been given the chance, for their offspring, as it is bred on, invariably shows the characteristics of the breed. One can't lay down any iron-clad rule for successful breeding, for it must necessarily be a matter of experience in observing results.
Certain sires are particularly successful in
reproducing their own splendid characteristics, while the produce of others gains more of the individuality of the dam. In the West the preponderance in the demand for Airedales is from those who, while they are capable of appreciating real good type in contrast to ordinary specimens, demand in an Airedale primarily a dog whose breeding endows him with the fundamental useful characteristics. The leading eastern and western breeders are all the time acquiring by purchase imported individuals of prominent reputation to enhance the value and comparative merits in the standard type of their stock, whereas the individual who is to use the Airedale for his practical utility may look more to hunting ambition, keen scenting powers, a robust physique, large size yet built for speed in the chase, an easy mover, alertness at all times, good bone, a dense enduring coat and withal a dog of intense grit and the brains that an Airedale always carries with it. Such an Airedale when sent to one attracted to the breed by what he may have read about its sterling worth, and one who has perhaps owned other disappointing breeds, "makes good," and one can readily account for the tremendous demand for this class of Airedale the world over by the fact that the Airedale continually and consistently "makes good" wherever given a chance to show his wonderful versatility in adapting himself to any situation. Breeding should thus always have its object and by selecIf you want hunting dogs, you will tion be made dependable.
be more likely to get the best results from breeding to the tried and proved hunting Airedale, than chancing a litter from a dog of great reputation as a sire of winners. But for the
steady improvement and bettering of type in which all Airedale fanciers are so keenly interested, we can't get too much of the breeding from dogs who have made great reputations in all parts of the world, for such superiority of individualism and type is the only source for the breed's constant betterment and advancement. "Every dog has his day" is only too true, and breeders must be quick to grasp opportunities to get the breeding of famous dogs as they are made available, and
BREEDING
55
thus acquire for their own future use improvements in type and keep on doing likewise, as other future opportunities develop. Bear always in mind that the results of your matings will tend to perpetuate all strong dominant characteristics of the immediate parentage and for the next preceding two or three generations of ancestors and where dominant features of type or character are found in both sire and dam, these will be accentuated in the progeny.
The
Sire.
generally fertile as a sire at ten or eleven a dog commends himself sufficiently to in breeding, his life should be planned with this in view. If good enough to send to shows, he should be kept before the public eye. If a keen hunter, he should be hunted
is
stud dog
months use him
of age.
If
and worked on any sort of field work, to this line. Close confinement is inhis temper becomes irritable, and he bad habit of amusing himself daily his kennel yard run, and barking at any possible object of interest. Freedom and companionship is of more vital importance for a good sire than for the brood matron, though her temperament is likewise best developed by association and companionship.
as
much
as possible
develop his education in jurious to a stud dog, as perhaps soon develops a by running up and down
Line Breeding and Inbreeding.
Line breeding has been the underlying strength in perpetuating Airedale characteristics. Follow back most any present-day pedigree and you will find one of the chief fountain heads on each side of the parentage to be Champion Master Briar. Again the matings of his famous son, Champion Clonmell Monarch, are continually doubled up in "line breeding," which is the mating of half brother to half sister or even closer consanguinity, as in this pedigree, for example: Strathallen Solace (Clonmell Monarch x Clonmell Winnefreda) mated to his half sister Clonmell St. Catherine (Clonmell Monarch x Clonmell Kitty), produced the Crystal Palace winner, Cherry Royal. Again, Ch. Tone Masterpiece (Master Briar x Houston Nell), mated to his half sister Tone Betty (Master Briar x Walton Nellie), produced Champion Tone Chief, at one time the most noted Airedale in England. Champion Master Briar mated to his own granddaughter Enchantress (she having a double cross of line breeding of the blood of Ch. Clonmell Marvel) produced one of the best Airedales that ever lived, Champion Mistress Royal. The reason for this is plain. The intelligent breeder wants to maintain all he can of the type and character of a noted In mating half-brother and sister, that have the sire or dam.
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

same sire but from different dams, the produce having the strengthening double cross of their grandsire will naturally retain a more distinctive influence of this parentage of their ancestry in their physical type. Such breeding has been responsible for the maintenance and enhancement of particularly good type in many matings in Airedales. It is simply the doubling up of the influence that an extra good sire or dam will exert in the additional percentage of ancestral breeding or inheritance involved. Even closer inbreeding is occasionally advocated by enthusiasts on the subject, such as brother and sister, where the object is to retain strong characteristics that both brother and sister have to a marked degree, when neither has any bad defects. The same may be said of breeding the Some claim this will produce the very sire to his offspring. best, and look upon what are known as cold matings, namely, mating individuals of totally different ancestry as risky experiments. This is a subject that there must always be a wide divergence of views concerning. The breeder who succeeds even with close inbreeding points to an illustrious result as being a case of "nothing succeeds like success." While unquestionably successful at times, in cases that have come under the writer's observation, only a small percentage of the produce is normally vigorous and satisfactory, whereas in line-breeding, the physical robustness is not impaired and type is materially strengthened. The best reputation to judge a sire by is to follow closely the career of some fair representatives of his progeny from two or more bitches. So eminent a student and authority on this subject as James Watson advocated inbreeding, to-wit: "The inbreeding I advocate is inbreeding to ancestry type, irrespective of consanguinity, that, coupled with soundness of constitution in the dog and his relations. If you cannot get this type in any outside kennel backed up by ancestry, stick to your own dogs. If you go outside and introduce something foreign, something different from your own, you will only muddle things by "An outside sire is crossing what you have in your dogs." probably far more likely to transmit the qualities you would especially seek to avoid than to give you the benefit of his
desirable points." Desirable dominating features are to be carefully cultivated and should be permanently retained by continual specialized selections, or in Mr. Watson's words, "To establish type, you must concentrate."
The Dam.
Study your brood matron well and with full knowledge of her points of deficiency contrasted with the standard requirements of the ideal, mate her to a sire that is particularly strong
BREEDING
57
where her type can be improved. For example, if a brood bitch soft and fluffy in coat, mate her to an extra sound coated male. If light in bone, then to a heavy-boned dog. If light or large in eye, then select a stud with dark and small eye. If she is weak in muzzle and foreface, but yet has good length of head, when mated to a dog particularly strong in jaw and foreface, the litter will tend to show the improvement desired. Light eyes seem to be a commonly found deficiency in the Airedale and some of the champion sires East and West have had the light eye, but this slight deficiency in the hands of careful breeders will steadily be more and more eliminated. It is safer to cling to breeding one knows the tendencies of and try only occasionally outside or cold blood in the use of a stud dog whose parentage is little known. The brood matron should be selected with great care. Intense nervous temperaments are not to be desired. They succeed better in the show ring or in the life of the hunting pack. The ideal brood matron is a most valuable asset to a kennel. She should be extra good in size, as perfect in type as obtainable and if experienced in the game field so much the better; docile in temperament, the kind that will let her pups eat all her food pan without resentment. There is a great difference in the ability and disposition of brood matrons in caring for
is
their litters.
Airedales are
commonly
prolific
litter,
breeders,
some bitches
whelping ten to twelve each
while others average eight
One well-known dam (Bearwood or nine for several litters. Bloom) whelped three litters within twelve months and raised thirty-five puppies from the three. This is out of the ordinary. An Airedale bitch matures as a rule later than other breeds and her first breeding season generally does not appear until twelve to fifteen months of age, and with some individuals not It is customary for a bitch to until eighteen months of age. come in season four months to the day regularly from the date of her first period, except when mated, and then it is usual for
her to come in again when her litter is six months old. Instances are not infrequent, however, in which the brood matron has another litter to care for in six months from the date of her previous litter. Individuals differ and have to be watched. When your bitch begins to menstruate, she should be chained up in some safe place, preferably a loft or room up off the ground. Such an arrangement avoids all accidental misalliances, which while harmless as far as any influence or marking of future litters is concerned, result in a needless waste of time and opportunity considering the comparatively limited period of a matron's years of breeding, generally eight The confinement also keeps away the annoyor nine years. ance of uninvited strange dogs.
58
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
If the bitch is to be bred, she should be mated on or about the twelfth day. One good mating is generally sufficient, but to avoid misses, it is a good plan to mate her again two days following first mating. When a bitch resents the advances of a stud, she is not ready for breeding. Some require patience in time allowed to become friendly with her mate. A stud should not be left in confinement with bitch more than one hour's time. Most bitches should be held by collar securely to avoid strains. In a week's time after being mated, she is usually safe again. To be sure, try her on lead, in company with other dogs. If she snaps at their advances, she is safe, but should not be given too much liberty.
If the bitch is not mated, her confinement period should be twenty-one to twenty-five days. Individuals vary greatly in
this respect.
Too many breeders are unmindful of the care of the brood matron after mating, with the resultant disappointment of later on losing either a goodly portion or all of the litter. The mortality of Airedale puppies is undoubtedly great and it is doubtful if one-half of the number of puppies whelped each year live to maturity, as from various causes, their chances
are slim to successfully tide over the many pitfalls to be encountered when in the hands of inexperienced owners. Not long ago, the writer noticed an advertisement from the largest kennel on high-class Airedales in America, wanting an assistant whose duties should be simply the raising of puppies. One common mistake is to keep the brood matron too closely confined to either a kennel or a back yard. When limited to such a daily life, while she may whelp a litter large in number, a good half or more will prove to be weaklings and likely die off the first week. The brood matron that is given plenty of daily exercise, hunting, etc., keeps her system in the best of shape, out-of-door life giving her circulatory system plenty of red blood-corpuscles and in consequence her puppies are strong and vigorous and she can raise every pup she whelps, while a bitch kept too close up, confined to the household a good deal and allowed to get too fat will whelp small puny pups, the weakest of which are lost soon after whelping. When one is by this neglect wasting good material, breeding is better placed into more careful hands. This is the cause of so many large kennels failing to raise puppies successfully. There are so many birches to care for, they are not giv^en much exercise and live a life of close confinement, which always leads to conditions that do not support strong litters. Red blood-corpuscles &re nurtured best by a healthy free out-of-door life, in which fatty tissues do not secrete too much at the expense of the offspring. The small breeder and fancier who breeds only en occasional litter or two has a better chance of raising strong
BREEDING
59
robust puppies than the breeder who ha 3 more litters on haod the time than he can properly provide and care for. A strong robust bitch can be maud her first season and thereafter once a year with no impairment to her health, if given proper care and attention. A bitch that is to be bred regularly for kennel use, can't be shown to advantage very often, as following the weaning of each litter, a bitch sheds her coat, and the growth of her new coat requires due time, so she would be in show condition in this respect but about half of each year. The period of gestation is sixty-three to sixty-five days. She should be fed moderately strong with meat and bone food during pregnancy and treated with vermifuge if needed. Within a week of her whelping time, she should be given quarters, away from all other dogs.
all
Whelping Quarters. The whelping quarters should preferably be roomy, with

exercising yard adjoining. If in warm weather, it is better to allow her to make her own nest on the ground under cover, where she will dig out a hole of moderate depth instinctively and thus nurse the litter with greater ease, by being able to get over them better. The coolness of the ground keeps the pups from getting over warm in hot weather and is far safer than a slippery floor of wood, on which puppies can't get a footing to nurse. Do not use straw in hot weather in whelping quarters, as puppies will by working their noses down into it, smother from lack of sufficient air. If in the cooler months of the year, she should be given a corner on some floor well above the ground, spread straw down three or four inches deep, and then tack burlaps over it, enclosing the nest with twelve-inch boards, allowing at least five feet square. Bed with coarse planings in which has been mixed a little slacked powdered lime, which should be freely dusted over floor of the enclosure where litter is to be kept. Hang burlaps down from above to keep the cold drafts off. If very cold weather is encountered at such a period, hang one or two barn lanterns inside the pen high enough up to be out of the bitch's immediate way. These kept lighted will take the chill off of the pen, and give enough heat to overcome most cold snaps. Heated kennels are, of course, a luxury, but not necessary. A good brood bitch is the best heat generator for her
she will bring them through any kind of weather cared for and fed. In winter, success in keeping puppies from being chilled is assured by confining bitch to good sized and ventilated dry-goods box, in which her body-heat keeps litter warm, with temperature well below freezing. She needs no assistance at time of whelping, except a pan of fresh water available. The day before whelping, a bitch refuses all food.
litter land
if
60
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
A litter of ten is whelped in about ten hours, though at times on the following day another puppy will be added to a litter. After whelping, it is well to have a pan of milk accessible, and she should, from then on, be fed regularly boiled rolled oats and rich milk in the morning, and plenty of a mixed diet three times each day. A meat and broth diet makes nutritious milk for the nursing litter and the puppies grow up strong and healthy. A bitch fed regularly and liberally on this diet will nurse her entire litter until two and three months of age. If you slacken her diet, you must feed the pups entirely
much the sooner. Some breeders advocate early feeding, beginning when the litter is three weeks old. The writer has had many years of experience and tried both methods and has invariably had better results by feeding the bitch strong and the pups not earlier than four or five weeks, or in some cases even six weeks of age. Let the litter eat from the mother's food pan each time she is fed and the intestinal assimilation of the puppies is gradually in this manner strengthened by the digestive properties of the mother's milk added to the food. Puppies when a month or five weeks old should be getting nicely accustomed to solid food rations. There need be no special weaning pei'iod, as the litter is getting its regular nourishment additional to nursing, for several weeks before the dam's milk supply ceases. This method maintains a better disposition in the dam towards her puppies and avoids too strenuous use of her glands and averts sore breasts. Should the brood bitch from accident or other cause lose her litter, and have to foe dried up, her breasts should be rubbed daily with camphorated oil or vinegar and water, and she should be fed dry food. Caked breasts are due to carelessness and inattention to a bitch's full breast. Milking full breasts is sometimes necessary to bring relief. Secure one puppy from another litter of similar age and all trouble soon ceases. When puppies are past a month old, a brood bitch's breasts sometimes become quite sore from scratches of the vigorous puppies in their efforts to get a full flow of milk. When this is the case, take the bitch away from the pups and put any good healing salve on the affected parts (witch hazel salve is good) and allow her to nurse pups but once or twice daily for a couple of days, until she is right again. Quarters where litter is kept should be provided with a large box or bench, high enough off the ground to permit the
so
mother
to get
up away from
litter
when
desired for rest.
CHAPTER
PUPPIES:
VI.
THEIR CARE,
HOW
TO FEED AND RAISE
THEM SUCCESSFULLY.
Color and Coat.
Airedale puppies
when
born are black in color, with tan feet and generally a small tan spot over eyes and a little tan at muzzle. The experienced eye can detect the future coat and color the first The light or dark day.
Five-inonths-old Puppy, nicely trained to show on lead.

(Courtesy P. Bawden)
shade of tan, as it may be, changes but little, but the placement of the tan markings gradually continues to extend itself during the first six or seven months until the head, ears and legs become nearly all tan and the shoulders and thighs
tan up to a joining of the body or saddle color, which may be grizzle or badger black or solid black. Many of the winning types of Airedales only a few years ago, and the majority of early notables in the breed, were of the lighter and grizzle colors, sometimes grayish blues; some fanciers today prefer the grizzle color to the darker shades, but in recent years there has been a popular demand for the darker saddle and rich red tan. This is largely a matter of personal fancy and taste. Our well-known American judge, Mr. Theodore Offerman, writes of asking, while in England, an officiating judge at a leading show there, how they judged the bad colored ones, and received the reply, "All things being equal, the black-backed ones would win, but a good Airedale couldn't be a bad-colored one." The puppy's coat when a day old indicates much of its future character. The rough ones are seen in the kinky and wrinkled coats and the shorter and smoother coats are in evidence at the start. Occasionally Airedale litters have puppies
62
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
with noticeably smooth coats. The permanently short, smooth coat is likely due to a reversion to inherited terrier blood. Such pups are not valued as show types, but when used in breeding to offset the other extreme, namely a shaggy coat in which is profusely mingled soft, silky "fluff," it becomes a valuable factor in correcting what may be the only serious defect in an otherwise excellent individual type.
Care of
Litter.
The less a litter is handled, the better for all concerned. The puppies should never be handled with cold hands or lifted by the legs or nape of neck. Always hold in palm of hand. The brood bitch herself is their best caretaker, and her instinctive guardianship looks after all their needs, cleaning them
continually with her tongue, and disposing of
their nest.
If the litter after the first day is quiet, conclude they were born with ample vigor and started off in life well nourished, which is the best asset for a litter. When a litter is not carried nine weeks loss of weaklings is to be expected. When a puppy is not getting enough nourishment or is cold or ailing, all
fouling of
cries until its condition is righted. Some believe in raising a surplus pup or two on a nursing bottle. Once tried is enough for most anyone, as it is a day and night task, and generally results in over-feeding and the loss of the puppy. Should the litter by accident be exposed to chill the first day or two, and a pup be found pushed aside and stiffened out with no evidence of life remaining in it, take it to the oven of the kitchen stove, and wrap it up in warm clothing, being careful to see that it does not get burned, and it is almost miraculous how heat will resuscitate the apparently hopeless little one, and soon the pup, if strong otherwise, will be breathing and crying for food. A good mother, heavily fed on a meat diet while carrying her litter, will raise every pup she whelps, no matter how large the litter, especially if a cow happens to be handy and she is also fed a moderate milk and cooked rolled oats diet. Some matrons will lose half of their litter during first ten days. This may be due to the scant care of the matron after being mated, or in cases of young bitches, the supply of milk in glands is deficient. To stimulate a full supply of milk in glands, feed copiously cooked rolled oats and rich milk two or three weeks before whelping and continue while litter is being nursed. Daily exercise of the mother is necessary, as the specially rich diet given to assist her litter is a very heating one to the blood, and unless plenty of regular exercise is given her while nursing litter, the skin is likely to break out in spots, due to an over-heated system.
it
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE
63
Should one have reasons for not wishing to raise more than seven of a litter, it is necessary to either provide in advance for a foster mother or dispose of the surplus in some humane manner. Any sort of a bitch that is due to whelp within a week previous to your litter is worth buying to raise extra pups with, and the change is easily arranged by being careful to see that the foster mother acquiesces and accepts the new foundlings, before leaving them with her. It is always safer to first discard all of her litter, and after she has been without her nursing pups for a couple of days she is made far more comfortable by having other puppies to nurse than by having to be dried up. The writer once had a setter bitch adopt a single puppy whose dam was taken from it because of illness. The setter
six or
Betty Marvel and her charges.
Which does she
like best?
litter of her own at the time, but it happened to be about the time her litter would have been due had she whelped, and she took complete possession of the foundling, nursed it most carefully and cared for it as if her own. The remarkable feature here was the fact that the milk glands seemingly at once developed a sufficient supply of milk to support her mothering instinct. Such cases are out of the ordinary. The most humane method for the disposal of surplus pups is to either stun them, or bucket them, by taking one pail half
had no
64
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
full of water and after placing them therein putting another pail that fits in over the water air-tight. Leave them a long
it not infrequently happens that the ash barrel will unexpectedly show signs of life in its refuse, from the contents of the pail being thrown out too soon, as fresh air, even in an ash barrel, is a wonderful resuscitator of a day-old pup. The straw of the nest should be padded well up around the edges to keep the puppies from getting behind the mother's back and there smothered or chilled. Caution: Visit litter often the first day of whelping to see that no puppies get smothered. Removing puppies when dry to warm quarters in covered box or basket until matron is entirely through whelping is a good custom. Shake powdered sulphur all over the floor of the nest as it keeps the fleas from accumulating* therein. Puppies that survive the first three days are safe for the first four or five weeks under ordinarily favorable conditions. The litter is therefore best let alone, and do not handle much. Bitches are capable of showing eccentricities in the care of litters and should be annoyed and disturbed as little If left on their own responsibilities they seem to as possible. do better, and the writer has known of instances where too much attention to a litter has resulted in a case seemingly of the bitch concluding that her services are not needed and she quits their care and leaves them to the tender mercies of the helping owner. A brood matron is intensely proud of her family of little ones, and they are safe at all times under her sole charge. It seems hardly necessary to caution an owner to keep all other mature dogs away from a litter, yet if one is not careful, losses will occur by advances from other dogs, especially other bitches, that are frequently disposed to be jealous of the newcomers and will try to possess or kill them.
time, as
Docking
Tails.
first real
is
care the litter will need, which the mother the docking of the tails. An Airedale not docked is an abomination to the eyesight and does not pass muster anywhere. If a terrier, then the breed must have the accepted form, similarly as a hackney is molded in appearance and gait to suit fashion or custom. Docking should be done when trie litter is two or three weeks old. A sharp pair of scissors is all that is needed for the task. First remove the bitch to other quarters. Then have each pup held by an assistant if convenient, and cut off squarely a little less than one-half of the length of tail at the time. The scissors should be slanted a bit, top blade toward point of tail. There will be but little or no loss of blood and no fatalities if left alone to the mother's tongue for treatment. Never put on salve or any healing aids. In less than a week they will be nicely healed.
can't supply,
The
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE
65
Docking may be done successfully at any age, but it is not so easy a task. If ever necessary in a matured dog, use a pair of concave game cutting shears, freshly sharpened, or a very sharp chisel and mallet. The bleeding from this operation is profuse and best retarded by a bandage, which the dog will work off in a day or so. Then keep him confined in separate quarters until healed, for a tender tail makes a dog irritable. In all docking, the cut should be a good clean one, and not one to draw any tendons, which tends to either result in a
drooped tail or to make it squirrel-like, depending upon which In rare cases of crooked tails, set of tendons is disturbed. docking is the only remedy, even though the result be a very The common error to make in docking is short appendage.
to take off too much, and get the tail too short. A properly docked tail will, during puppy days, look unseemingly long, and only when the animal is well past a year old and has his full growth and development can one judge as to the symmetrical length of the docked tail. The English fashion is for an exceptionally long tail, while the American custom has been to cut them too short. The fashion is settling down now to a tail of good medium length, and taking off a little less than half as pups will give the right length, and if you err at all, err on the safe side, and then months later it is a simple matter to shorten it more to fashion or taste, whereas a tail that is docked too short must always so remain, a blemish in
the individual's appearance. The tail when carried erect in a matured dog should at its end be about level with the top of
skull.
Vermifuge,
When
Given.
The next attention of importance which the litter needs is when about a month or six weeks old. Each puppy should then be given vermifuge to help expel the commonly found round or tape worm, which infest puppy life in all breeds of
dogs no matter how careful and cleanly one may be with the brood bitch and her quarters. If the litter is not treated in this manner, your troubles will begin right here, and it is a whole lot easier to avoid trouble in the beginning than to be pestered with the complications of the illnesses to which wormy pups are prone later on. Some breeders give vermifuge at two weeks of age successfully, but it should be in very limited doses. Three or four weeks is early enough for ordinary litters, and a good custom is to give first vermifuge treatment after the litter has been pan-fed for a couple of weeks and shows signs of good assimilation of food. Use what has been found effective and safe by others of your acquaintance in any of the vermifuge preparations, specially put up for the purpose and advertised, as far safer and better than home-
66
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
preparations, which are generally the result of hearsay prescription, the strength of which is generally more adapted The writer for a horse than a tender pup of weaning age. was once advised to give a teaspoonful of turpentine to a puppy by a dog fancier who claimed to have used the dose most successfully. Before giving the dose, an inquiry determined that a dose one-fourth this amount was most too liberal, and the recommended dose was enough to impair the condition There is but one successful method of raising of the kidneys. pups and that is to keep a supply of vermifuge on hand all the time, and keep constantly after them; and don't expect to eradicate tapeworm with vermifuge that is prepared speReference to Chapter VIII will cially for the round worm. give valuable information on this phase of this subject. After giving vermifuge, it is important to examine feces and see the results if any. Vermifuge should be repeated every two weeks regularly until the puppy is three months old and thereafter The at stated intervals of rarely less than once each month. common error with all new hands is to assume their puppies are all right because they look so well and seem so well They little dream that underlying nourished and healthy. these seemingly outward signs of physical perfection, there is a tussle on within the stomach's walls and the mesenteric system, which takes on the semblance of a fight for life, the worm fighting to get all the nutriment its colonies of parasites
live, thrive and increase on from the limited supply the puppy gets and the worms are bound to get all they need before the pup gets its needful assimilation of nutriment. The worms are always there, for what purpose no sage has yet Extermination is thus the only course, as they are told us. certainly a constant pest to all breeders and dogs as well, and the only protection one has is to everlastingly keep after them as urged herein. The writer recommends the use of the liquid vermifuge as safest, as in it the worm killing and poisonous medium is in solution with castor oil. If pills or capsules are used, always follow same one hour later with a dose of castor
made
need to
oil
or salts.
Weaning and Feeding Puppies.
When
or her
the litter
is
one month
to
judgment
as
nourishment. If the dam will keep the litter strong and fat until almost six weeks old, but if her nourishment begins to slacken or she gets irritable in the care of her litter, begin to feed puppies once a day for a week, then twice and three times daily. It is of great benefit to allow puppies to nurse as long as possible after being pan-fed, for the mother's milk is the best aid to digestion and
old, the owner must use his the puppies need additional has been fed daily as suggested, she
when
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE

assimilation. The writer first uses rolled oats mush and milk and the broth from boiled beef and mutton, lean at first, and later on stronger in fats, in which bread is soaked. The use of canned mutton broth is excellent diluted to proper strength. One should be careful not to place it before the puppies until cool enough. Feed not more than four or five pups to a shallow pan, replenishing as they clean it up. This is the easiest way to get backward pups into lapping liquid food. They will balk at first, but dipping their noses into it will soon get them interested. This is not only an ideal diet and food for pups, but is a wonderful diet for promoting rapid growth and development. The best physical development the writer ever saw in a litter of Airedales was one which had never tasted cow's milk, bread They were weaned on soup, and fed or cereals in any form. boiled meats, 'bones and fats, regularly two or three times each
What
Mr.
Brick did to a French Bull
Henry Jewett Greene's (Worcester, Mass.) Airedale puppy, winner at N. E. Show, at seven months of age resenting the intrusion of a French Bull on his home premises.
day until five months old, and in stature they were the equal of the average Airedale at eight months of age. Such boiled food should be salted. The reason for the results is evident. A dog in its native state craves and subsists largely on animal food, and is a scant vegetarian, so puppies should thrive entirely on their natural diet. In the life of wild animals, and with many good matrons, at weaning time, when the nursing milk supply begins to dry up, the mother returns to her nest, having hunted up flesh food of some kind, and after grinding it well up with her good teeth, has the faculty of retaining it in her stomach until partially digested, and then
68
ALL.
ABOUT AIREDALES
her young about her by silent sign, vomiting the contents stomach up for their hearty appetites. This is frequently seen in Airedales, and is evidence of a fine brood bitch. If a breeder of Airedales wants to raise the big-boned, bigstatured, the big-all-over kind, follow the ajbove method rigidly and you will succeed without half trying. When using milk, the chill should be taken off from it, aiming to get it about the temperature of the stomach. If cow's milk is not available, the condensed canned article is just as serviceable, in fact better than skimmed cow's milk or cow's milk, which in summer time is likely to have turned a bit sour. Canned milk having been pasteurized is freer from
calls
of her
and a most wholesome diet for dogs. The condensed article should be properly thinned with warm water, as it is too rich fed without considerable diluting. To one part of milk add one of water. The use of puppy meal when the litter is being weaned, given with milk, will be found very satisfactory. Watch the litter for the first two or three days and observe carefully if the change of diet is assimilating properly. This is always readily detected by noticing the feces. If there is any continued tendency to looseness of the bowels, matterated, or grayish feces, give each a dose of castor oil, followed by a lighter diet. Over-feeding puppies causes much unnecessary trouble. Feed little and often and never allow them to bloat, but rather regulate the quantity of food given by a good healthy appetite decently satisfied, allowing for each puppy fed a measure of food equal to an estimate of the size of the stomach. Always take feed pan away, if not cleaned up, and do not leave food about to become stale, or sour and fly-blown. Fresh cow's milk, warm from the cow, is excellent for puppies at weaning age, for a week or two, but should not be continued too long until something more substantial is added Once or twice a week a fill-up of buttermilk or sour thereto. milk clabber is excellent for growing pups and the whole kennel, and frees the system of conditions in which intestinal
bacterial life
parasites thrive.
It is
the others eat heartily.
not unusual to find one puppy declining to eat Separate such a puppy from the
when
litter,
oil and nothing to eat for six hours, then broth and a very slight diet for a day, aiming to rest the system. The use of subnitrate of bismuth is here indicated. The condition is an intestinal disturbance, due to toxine poison created by mal-assimilation of food. After the castor oil cleansing give two or three times daily one compound tablet of charcoal, pepsin and bismuth (or magnesia, pepsin and bismuth), or once
giving castor
daily a pinch of flower of sulphur, in food, until the feces
become normal again.
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE

The most dependable
69
diet for the second month is boiled cooked, stiffen with bran, and add finelyground bone meal and bread crusts, with enough milk to make it attractive. Increase the solids gradually until three-fourths of the ration, and the milk used is but a covering for it, to make it more tasty. Raw eggs well stirred into this ration once a day are a splendid dependence during the first month of pan feeding. Puppies should be fed three times daily until three months old. Do not feed too rich food; it bloats the stomach and causes indigestion, and makes conditions most favorable for intestinal worms. Add to this diet once or twice a week finely powdered charcoaj and your pups will thrive, if not fed over much. By the time a litter is two months old, if they have been properly cared for in their feeding, they should be doing nicely on three moderate rations each day, active and lively, not too fat, and relish every bit of food placed before them of the diet named. It is better to add a broth of boiled beef or mutton fats in place of the milk if obtainable.
rolled oats.
When
of good fats boiled down from day to day will last almost a week, and makes a strengthening diet to alternate with milk, and is a good tissue and straight bone builder.
One bundle
Bone Growth and Nourishment.

as rickets in puppies seems to be a general muscles of the knee or pastern joint of the fore legs, causing the leg to be weak at the joint, turning the knee in and the foot well out or down flat on the pastern. At the same time the forearm gets seemingly weak knd bows out, and the bone will eventually curve and remain oiift as a permanent deformity, unless the trouble is averted from the start. Pups that are infested with tapeworm are particularly subject to rickets, and the tendency will begin to appear in them at one or two months of age or thereafter. It is far easier to provide against its development than to give it the care and treatment necessary to right it when once the weakness has developed. (See Chapter VIII.) It is naturaMy caused by insufficient nourishment to the bones and rituscle tissues. Pups raised on boiled meat, bones and soups do not have it. If ground bone is not obtainable, the diet recommended to avert it is to add to the cereal mixture already outlined, two or three times a week, a spoonful of precipitated, phosphate of lime. This is the consistency of burned bone, and is what the growing pup needs to support bone growth. A pup's chewing on bones will not get enough to support his bone growth, so it is better to be doubly sure and add this white powder regularly Puppies someto his feed pan, two or three times each week. times get completely off their legs, due to the lack of proper nutriment for bone growth. "A stitch in time saves nine."
is
What
known
weakening
of the
70
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Bones they love
to knaw on, and they benefit their growHard bread crusts are excellent for young pups to Dog cakes should be soaked some in water. A
ing teeth.
chew
on.
splendid relish for frequent use and change in the diet of pups during the entire first year of their growth is fresh buttermilk, not too much at a time, but at stated intervals during week, or daily. Thick sour milk is excellent occasionally, but not too often. Pups that eat ravenously and are always greedy, bloating heavily after eating, show signs of worms, and should be given vermifuge after a fast of twelve hours for a couple of treatments on alternate days. Exercise. Puppies exercise themselves in play enough for their needs. It is a mistake to give growing pups long, hard runs following horses or teams. They need the nourishment required to support such excessive exercise for their growth, rather than to have such a tax on their system. Accustom them to freedom of exercise before feeding, and to their natural inclination to
rest after eating.
The Collar and Lead.

During the third month fit a good leading collar to a puppy, and in kennels, always accustom a puppy to a collar
Something Here
T. C. Craig's Airedale, "Fighting- Joe Hooker" (by Ch. Red Raven), locating a coon in ihollow stump after a few minutes' active trailing. (From the Champion Red Raven blood in the Northwest were
developed
some
of
the
game
cleverest natural Airedales).
hunting
and
dead-
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE
71
and lead before shipment to a purchaser, as it saves great embarrassment and annoyance to the new owner, if his puppy leads off freely, rather than to receive one that hugs the sidewalk and has to be either carried or dragged along through a city's streets. It is a simple matter to accustom the puppy when young to proper leading. Some will be quite obdurate and 'bialk, and even timid, when first secured. Pet the timid ones, hold onto the balky ones, and keep them steadily at
following a tight lead, until they discover it is easier to follow than to hold back. One or two lessons are usually sufficient, and it is well to encourage plenty of pulling on the lead and a The asregular daily hitch-up, until perfectly broken to it. sistance of a child's delight to lead and run with a puppy is most valuable here, as the child ingratiates a spirit of play Some adopt a into the training that the puppy soon emulates. less considerate method but equally as effective in the end, by simply chaining the young puppy up to a wall or kennel and let him pull and sulk until his ambitions in this direction This is well enough as a method are completely subdued. for a grown dog that has never been on chain, for they are at times dangerous to be near and quite difficult to hold, especially a strong, husky Airedale, and it sometimes takes hours to break a grown dog that has never had a collar and lead on him while young.
Timidness Corrected.
Some puppies are naturally inclined to be quite timid and shy when young, and seem slow in outgrowing the disposition. These frequently make wonderful game killers when mature and in the freedom of the hunting life quite forget their shyThere are pups that are difficult to even call or catch ness. at times, about a kennel, and the writer has found after trying many methods of correction that the only trusty one is to chain such an individual up for days at a time, in a place where there is plenty of passing, and noise, and mingling with The first the habitues of the place, particularly strangers. few days will be spent by the individual in cowering fright, but continued life on the chain will gradually bring more and more courage within its limitation, and in a week or two the pup may acquire an entirely different disposition. Such timidity is due to a lack of confidence in surrounding conditions, and a. The disposition to escape to a place of imaginary safety. restraint forced by the chain checks the liberty of retreat, and brings the individual out all right. It is important to instill confidence into growing puppies. If one meets with situations which tend to frighten a puppy, take him in hand and by showing him the needlessness of fear, much is gained for the dog's disposition. This is particularly
72
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
beneficial in certain temperaments showing the finer sensitive traits of disposition. Too much confinement is bad, as it dwarfs their otherwise active mental development. Too much liberty is also, on the other hand, injurious, especially in city life, where a puppy will soon acquire the habits of a tramp dog and be causing his owner all kinds of annoyance and expense in getting him back again when astray, a fault which the owner alone is responsible for in making possible.
A
Accustom
to Poultry
guard for poultry
While Young.
puppy when accustomed to lead should be taken on lead at first among poultry, and admonished for any keenness to interest himself in chasing chickens. The first correction is generally quite enough, though in some cases more checking
is necessary. All hunting dogs are prone in disposition to chase chickens and birds, as it is their natural instinct. The only proper time to correct the error with poultry is to be there with discipline the first offense, and correct it quickly on the spot. A chicken-killing dog is not easily cured, though there are many methods of bringing about a correction of this most
annoying habit.
Analyzed, the trouble lies in an over-indulgence of an intensely self-willed individual to catch and kill every living thing that moves, except their own species. Airedales are such natural killers that chicken killing once indulged in is a strong attraction to them, and they become as determined in the habit as cockers, setters or pointers. Whipping severely with a dog amenable to command and obedience will sometimes check the tendency, but not often. A plan based more on a study of their mentality will more often bring better results. The old method of tieing the killed chicken securely to the collar of the dog that killed it and leaving it there for several
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE
73
days, meanwhile exposing him to more live birds, will in most cases bring about a temporary cure, as the mental desire for interesting himself in chickens, is so completely satiated that he quits his keenness for them, especially after having carried an eight-pound rooster on his neck for a couple of weeks. This method will succeed as well as any. The spike and choke collar may help with certain temperaments, but most Airedales are not to be succumbed by abuse or pain in getting after what they have their mind centered upon, for the gameness of the breed is so great that they know no such thing as pain or fear, when once aroused over a killing operation.
The writer once had a matured dog come to his place that soon showed his fondness for killing every chicken that Punishment was of no avail. He would crossed his path. simply stand all the punishment offered and immediately get up and go desperately after any poultry in sight, seeming to have a positive mania for the determination to allow nothing This case was studied carefully. The to get away from him. dog's close confinement in kennel yards gave him little else to think of, but the watching of chickens in neighboring yards, and it excited him when the birds got lively. This dog finally went to a large ranch to assist in exterminating coyotes, coons and bob-cats. The rancher was duly warned of the dog's chicken-killing propensities, but said he would take his chances on that if he "made good" with the larger game. The change of environment and getting the dog's ambitions at once centered on killing something in the game line was of more interest to his mentality and had its due effect, for this dog, after one coyote hunt, was given full liberty of the entire ranch with chickens and ducks about him all the time, and though under no restraint the rancher informed me he never once disturbed a fowl on the place, from which we must conclude that if the Airedale's determined mental interest is centered in the right direction it will sometimes effect a cure. The only sure way is to start with the young puppy, and curb its first mistakes, and all future trouble is averted.
home
Airedale can be raised with kittens and cats on their place and become perfectly accustomed to them, in fact, play most considerately with them, and yet let a strange cat come into their domain he will kill it instantly. The terrier instinct everywhere is an enemy to cat life, and the Airedale is no exception, but an Airedale raised with a cat as a "pal" will not permit it to be molested by any intruding dogs.
An
How
to Crate
an Airedale for Shipment.
crate should be plenty high enough for the It need not be wider than sit up. barely necessary room for him to turn around in, but half
The box or
dog to stand up easily and
74
ALL,
ABOUT AIREDALES
again as long as the dog. The bottom should be punctured with holes for drainage and plenty of straw put in. The feed tin should be nailed tight to one corner and filled with soaked dog biscuit and a cloth sack to hold food enough for trip nailed securely to one outside end of crate. A dog travels It only wets down better without water on a short journey. his bedding, if put in, and does more harm than good in making the dog uncomfortable inside as well as out. Always nail water can to side of crate a few inches above the floor bedding. A good shipping diet is a loaf of bread and a nice boiled bone with lean meat to chew on in his lonely hours of travel. Always put a collar on a dog being shipped, and a chain attached thereto, but do not fasten the other end, as a dog will most likely strangle himself in becoming twisted up with it or seriously injure a leg. The top of box should be well covered, to protect from bad weather, and have both sides slatted down about one-third the way from the top. An Airedale shipped in this manner will travel a week at a time in perfect safety and comfort.
Warm
Sleeping Quarters.
To be successful in raising puppies, it is essential that their resting and sleeping quarters shall be warm and dry.
Playing with his pal (Courtesy Mr. H. J. Greene) Airedale puppies when raised with kittens become very fond of them and will not harm them even when grown. Illustration shows the 5-month-old puppy Jack Scott and Snow Ball playing on their owner's lawn.
PUPPIES: THEIR CARE
75
Bedding should be changed once each week. The writer has found that a barrel, the larger the size the better, makes the best sort of a resting and sleeping pen. The barrel is free from draughts and holds the animal heat when occupied by two or more puppies, according to size. Sprinkle powdered sulphur on the floor of the barrel, after a block or two have been set to keep it from rolling, then bed it with fresh straw and nail a small board across the lower portion of opening to keep the straw within. In cold weather, tack on a curtain made of burlap sacking, which should just clear the bottom board. Puppies that live in warm quarters with plenty of fresh air and sunlight grow vigorously. Attention should be given to the arrangement of the yard in which a growing litter is confined. A dry board and protected platform of easy access should be provided, for when the ground is cold and damp, young puppies are pretty sure to develop goitre from constantly lying and resting on it.
Fresh water should always be available.

Ears, Their Care During Growth.
The fact of the ears of an Airedale having when mature a high-set forward carriage makes their care during puppyhood and the formative period an important one to look after. For the first two or three months, the small and best type of ears generally hang backward or outward from the skull. As the
puppy's ears at transition stage
weak muscle. The muscle of left ear having been (2) Two weeks later. strengthened, holds ear up in proper place, uniform with right ear.
(1) Three and a half months old puppy, showing irregular placement of left ear before the assistance of plaster to strengthen
76
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
skull grows in size the placement of the ears begin to get more permanent, and at three or four months of age will generally begin to drop forward into place. At this stage of development of the ear, it is common to find one ear coming over into the proper place, and the other ear hanging back irregularly. This is due to the principal muscle of the ear not as yet having developed strength enough to hold it up. If tbe case is one that needs assistance, take surgical plaster, cut in one-inch pieces, and stick several pieces on the inner side of ear, across the weak muscle. As the plaster dries off, put on additional plaster strips and in a week or two remove the plaster and see if the muscle has strengthened enough to put the ear in place. Generally a couple of weeks will do the trick (see illustration) but in some cases it requires much patience and many weeks. It is important to attend to this in puppyhood, for when mature the muscles have become set in their positions and are not so easily changed. Do not handle the ears or fold or pull them as they should be left alone to grow strong in their final placement. A puppy that has during the second month the desired and proper placement of an evenly set pair of ears will when
mature have the same placement, though meanwhile during the growth of skull they may be occasionally very irregularly
held.
Dudley or Butterfly Nose.
The flesh tint sometimes found in the skin covering nostrils When prominent of dogs is termed "butterfly" or "dudley." it becomes a blemish in a dog's appearance and expression. It is more common to bulldogs and bull terriers than other It breeds but is not uncommon in other terrier breeds. appears in certain strains of Airedales and is entirely absent
detected in a litter, the mating should the flesh tint takes the form of irregular striping, it is likely to be permanent. If, however, only the front end of nostrils fail to develop the bl%k pigment of nose, the condition can be assisted by treatment during puppyhood. Rub warm glycerine into the flesh tinted portion thoroughly daily, and in less than a month's time the skin will darken very perceptibly.
in other strains.
When
If
not be repeated.
CHAPTER
VII.
HEALTHY AIREDALES; HOW KEPT; HOUSE AND YARD

BREAKING; THEIR VALUE.
Having adopted the recommendations given in previous chapters pertaining to kenneling and feeding, the owner of one or more Airedales will appreciate that keeping a dog healthy and well mannered is of as much importance for our consideration as his care when sick, which should he a very rare condition to have to deal with in an Airedale. If you have Sensible consideration is the chief requisite. used your Airedale for a day's duck retrieving in cold water, see that he has a warm fire to dry off by at night and a good Allowing an ambitious dog to go off on long swims meal. after wounded fowls, most hopeless to catch, is a useless tax on a dog's system. After a hard day's hunting in the mountains, see that he gets as good a meal and bed as the hunting party at night, and he will hunt all the better for it the next day. Sleeping out on cold, wet ground brings on rheumatism, which is much easier to avoid than treat successfully.
Exercise, Bathing
and Grooming.
Airedales in any number in a kennel should have their regular hour each day for freedom and exercise, and the best time for this is the early morning, especially in the heated
months. Many wash their dogs regularly, and in doing so have available for kennel use all sorts of disinfectant soluUnless a dog is being prepared for tions and strong soaps. the show ring or for some special purpose, don't wash him. An Airedale does not need artificial bathing. Better take them once or twice a week for a good long run and swim in some open>waer, no matter what the weather, if the run home is a good lively one. Airedales in kennel life get along perfectly well without any bathing whatever, and will be much Especially in summer time less liable to colds and ailments. swimming is most advisable. For dogs that are subject to
skin affections and for the improvement of coats when in poor condition, use soluble sulphur and lime dip: Constant grooming in the way of combing and brushing a coat is the best way of keeping it in nice condition.
Companionship Desirable.
Begin with the young puppy and have the dog with you both in and out of doors as much as possible, for companion-
78
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Sit
Up
Lake-Dell Rags, asking- for her just reward
HEALTHY AIREDALES HOW KEPT
79
The Airedale, a sportman's dog

(1)
(2)
H. V. Shaw's Interloper delivering a retrieved duck. A nice bag of Wilson snipe shot over an Airedale.
-
80
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
ship in all walks of life is the chief developer of what is best a dog's character. The Airedale particularly is such a brainy dog that it is almost inhuman to confine one for any length of time to solitary kennel life. An Airedale more than any other dog seemingly shows his appreciation of close companionship by clever doings. "When you own an Airedale, you will always have at least one friend, and whether you are rich or poor, he will gladly eat of what you have left. He will without a moment's hesitation give his life to save yours."
in
House Breaking.
The necessity of beginning young with puppies to get them thoroughly accustomed to the lead has been explained in Chapter VI. When the puppy is advanced enough so that he leads freely and well, accustom him to the rooms of the house, but keep him on lead at all times in-doors, and should occasion require it, if he is left alone for a short or long time, tie him up in some corner, which he will get used to and associate as his "rest corner." The reason for keeping the youngster entirely under restraint while getting house-broken is that puppies delight to play freely in-doors, and are no respectors of rugs, pillows, clothes, and will do serious damage to household things and thus very unnecessarily get into bad grace with the lady of the house. They should be taken out of doors frequently, and always released from lead, so that their mental training will be to associate in their mind that out-of-doors means freedom, and in-doors restraint. After a few days or weeks it is surprising how intelligent the youngsters become, and they soon form neat and clean habits and are most trustworthy, when not on lead, but the usual custom of allowing the puppy his liberty in-doors as well as out brings on the necessity of needless punishment. I repeat, accustom the puppy to restraint in-doors, and he will almost ask for any desired freedom out-of-doors when needed, for a dog is naturally clean in habits.
Training and Yard Breaking.
The one underlying principle involved in successfully teaching an Airedale various accomplishments is obedience induced along the lines of pleasure and reward. This simple system is the method employed in most all animal training, wherein much seeming cleverness is exhibited in remarkable tricks and performances. While many stage exhibits when shown in number have the influence also of the whip, or fear of it, always over them, there is that more important element of praise and reward, for an accomplishment; especially in intelligent dog nature, there is a mental fondness for even a
Airedale Retrieving Quail

(1)
"Fetch." (2) "Give."
An autumn
day's
sport
with
Lake-Dell Leader
and upland game.
82
ALL.
ABOUT AIREDALES
and reward, for which the individual will do anything, which by custom he has been made to understand is desired, to please his master or mistress. Even the performing seals and other animals in a circus go through their daily stunts and receive as their incentive what appeals Without it, to them most, some tempting morsel of food. there would be no way of interesting the animals in their varied accomplishments. This, then, is the fundamental requirement of teaching your Airedale any accomplishments. It must also be accompanied by having instilled into your dog perfect confidence and affection for the master and teacher. The method to employ should be the taking of a few minutes each day, which the owner can spare from his or her leisure time, and if but once a day, make the time a regular fixture, always to be kept, as the most important engagement, at least for the puppy, in every day. The youngster will soon look forward The pupil to this daily schooling and anticipate its coming. should always be taken on lead to a room or basement, or quiet place out-of-doors, where nothing else, such as the presence of another person or dog, will attract his interest and attention, for the speedy success of efforts to teach him depend on keeping his interest for the nonce centered comProvide yourself with pletely on the suggestions given him. a few tid-bits to his liking, and keep them in your pocket. During the period devoted to training, allow no one to feed or handle your dog. The Australian sheep dogs that are world famous for their wonderful feats of intelligent work are so carefully handled and trained that only their keeper is allowed to speak to them or feed them. Their watchfulness of a herder's slightest suggestion makes them keen for their work.
slight sign of praise
First Lessons.
One of the first useful habits of obedience which he should One of the most carry through life is that of "lie down." annoying habits any dog can have is that of not being under positive and immediate control, when in-doors, or when excited, delighting to show his interest in one and all by jumping up, generally with muddy or dusty feet, on clean clothes and dresses of his friends and admirers. This is a bad habit altogether too common in most dogs that have never been taught better manners, for a dog can be equally as well mannered as While mentioning this bad habit, I its master, if so guided. will state that the quickest remedy for its correction is to immediately tread a bit firmly on his hind toes, and it will not But to return to our pupil. He occur many times again. must be taught to drop down flat instantly at command. In
S3
84
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
teaching, all commands that are to be obeyed must be repeated quietly and often, to the pupil, while the effort is being made to show the pupil what is wanted. Whatever word of command the teacher is going to use must be repeated several times and during the assistance given to enforce its gradual obedience. "Charge," "Lie Down," "Drop," "Drop Down," and a sharp hisp are all used, according to preference. Take the pupil and, repeating the command "Lie Down," gently but firmly push him backward until he is properly lying down. Hold him firmly until his struggles to get away cease, and after a minute of reluctant acquiescence release the hold with the command "Get Up" or "Up." Praise him immediately with much petting and a reward of some little bite to eat. After a moment's rest repeat, going through the same stages. Keep this up for four or five efforts the first time, and increase the lesson a bit each day, though not long enough to tire or discourage either pupil or teacher. Training a dog requires a great deal of patience on the part of the teacher, holding one's temper, as quickness in resentment of seeming stupidity or wilfulness will lose more ground gained than any other influence. You must keep absolutely the confidence of your pupil at all times. After the second or third lesson in this command, the teacher will find the puppy almost anticipating the command and quite willing to drop down without any material pressure of the hands, though before taking the hand suggestion away entirely, a simple touch of the hand is enough. Soon, this is eliminated and the pupil drops instantly at command. Always see that the obedience is immediate and not half way. If any liberty is granted in this direction it will be taken too freely. Whenever there is disobedience in not doing what the pupil has already done once or more times successfully and satisfactorily, don't scold or punish, but simply under identically the same conditions as you started in with, take the pupil back and go through the early stages again and increase these faster, of course, until the obedience is positive and satisfactory. One or two weeks time is all that is required to permanently teach any young dog this most useful habit of obeying the command "Down." One can even be able to whisper the command and have it obeyed, but never fail to have the reward of some kind for the willingness to obey, even
but a hand pat. A dog properly taught this command will "Lie Down" at command no matter under what surroundings he is in, and at any distance within hearing from his master. Obedience to the command "Heel Up" is also most important for an Airedale to know. This command should be taught by adopting the same methods of suggesting it in regular daily An umbrella or cane, with lessons as previously described. hook handle, is of much assistance in holding the pupil exactly where the teacher wishes to have the pupil understand the
if

command
85
is to be obeyed, namely, just at the side, with head preferably a little in advance of the knee. Hold the pupil exactly there and repeat the command frequently as he is led along. Reward the progress made and permit of his release only after the command "Get Away" has been given, with which is to be associated unrestrained freedom. What is nicer to see than a well-mannered Airedale on a crowded street following his owner absolutely at HEEL, with no wish to interest himself in passing dogs, until released from his obedience? In these days in city life, when the speeding motor cars so quickly end a dog's life that is accidentally caught in the roadway, this habit of obeying the command HEEL is most necessary, and every dog that is to be much of a companion in city or town life should be thoroughly schooled in these first few
commands
They
of
"Down," "Get Up," "Heel" and "Get Away."
one a great deal of annoyance, and it is a simple matter to exact implicit obedience, no matter how stubborn and self-willed the pupil. The younger these lessons are begun, the better the results and more quickly accomplished. A dog just past three months old is the right age to begin to school thoroughly in the progress to be made in house and yard training. The methods of training which are frequently used with other breeds, with such excellent results and which involve
will save
C. Cobb's
big-game hunting Airedales in camp, after a

successful hunt.
86
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
the use of the force tactics, whether collar or other methods, are not suited at all for success with an Airedale. The Airedale is an exceptionally sensitive dog to punishment or force, and yet embodying, as he does, the utmost gameness and courage cannot be so well coerced into obedience by the force and pain methods, as by the more humane methods of pleasure and reward, and its more happy-mannered results. This is termed the natural or pleasure system, as opposed to the force system, which latter is much in vogue in curbing and training setter and pointers. The performance of any dog trained by the pleasure system is so far superior to that of the "have to do it, whether I want to or not" force system that there is no room for argument. The Airedale is adapted temperamentally to the pleasure system, and any use of the methods of the force system (with which the writer is most familiar in years of having broken his setters with its use) are likely to prove most
unsatisfactory.
Punishment.
Punishment is something that should be employed when the occasion demands in the proper manner. It is most important that it should never be administered except in the right way. Punish seldom, but when you do, do it thoroughly and well. A leather strap is excellent to use, or a limber stick, but the latter is too likely to break. Never call a dog to you to punish him for disobedience; always go to the dog, and be certain to repeat between spells of chastisement the command disobeyed, which the dog has been taught and knows the
meaning
of.
Coming When
Called; Other Accomplishments.
to come when called and come This is easily accomplished, by making it a on the run. custom whenever feeding a dog to always use the whistle which one wishes to have as the call. He will soon associate the hearing of this particular whistle with pleasure, and always respond to it quickly in preference to any other call. Any of the other many tricks and accomplishments that dogs are taught can be easily taught an Airedale by following the suggestions and methods outlined in this chapter. The writer once owned a particularly smart dog, that had been taught when a puppy a great many household tricks, which were most amusing in their way and the source of much entertainment to friends and visitors. These tricks consisted of the usual commands, of down, play dead, sitting up, shaking
dog should be accustomed
hands, seeking to find, bringing, getting one's hat, gloves or slippers as the command might be, and one other, that of shutting a door, when left open. This dog was most popular
87
with all his admiring friends and was finally owned by a prominent dentist, who was prone to keep him in his offices for the entertainment of waiting and nervous patients. On one occasion, after showing off some of his accomplishments before an admiring audience, the door was left ajar, and Drake was told to "shut the door," whereupon with a bound he landed with his forefeet on the door with such force that its shutting broke every pane of glass in it, much to the excitement and consternation of the visitors and considerable
his new master. Airedale is so brainy that they learn quickly and are willing and able to do anything one wishes them to do, if the owner but takes the time necessary to show them what is desired. There is no breed more intelligent than the Airedale
embarrassment for
An
and few their equal.

Longevity.
There is no reason why an Airedale, well cared for, should not prove himself actively useful in any of the pursuits in life for which he is used for the first ten years of his life. After this come the gradual declining years of advancing age.
Value of an Airedale. We frequently hear the inquiry: "What is an Airedale worth?" and a brief consideration here of what constitutes value in an Airedale is deserving. Value in anything depends largely upon for what purpose it can profitably be used. An Airedale puppy at shipping age is generally conceded to be worth from $25 to $50 and more, depending upon the quality of its breeding, the public reputation of its parentage and the purpose for which the puppy in question is to be used. The
successful raising of the puppy, until a year or so old, doublesits purchase price value. A dog that succeeds in winning at public shows increases in value very rapidly, the result of public admiration and demand by fanciers for his particular type and individuality, and the added value for his use in breeding. A winning show dog or bitch is worth from $250 up to $1,000 and more, depending on the extent of his or her career and prospects as a stock dog of value to a breeder. "Why is an Airedale worth so much?" is easy to answer. The public demand for the best that can be bred is greater than the supply of those that money can buy. For example, take the case of a promising show winner, that sells his first season for $200 or more. If a dog, and he is taken to a section where continued wins can make him famous as a leading show winner, his use at stud, the result of advertising and the dog's public reputation, at even very moderate fees, pays for his purchase price frequently the first year, and many a successful sire and stud has earned two and three times his
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

purchase price the first two years of his career before the public. If a bitch, the reputation won by her public competition at once places a strong demand on her pups, and when
enough to pay for her purchase price, and all subsequent litters represent net profits on her investment in addition to her sale value as an individual. Can you think of anything that makes money for an owner faster than a successful brood bitch, in Airedales? For example: A female puppy purchased, we will say, at $25, when a year old, may have cost its owner all told, including feed and care, $35, and ia mating to some noted sire $25 more, or a total investment of some $60. Add $5 to this sum for advertising litter and $10 for feeding the lot until sold (quite liberal enough) and the public demand does the rest, and purchases the entire litter, if properly handled, for an average of $200. This good brood bitch continues to present her fortunate owner with a litter or two each year, until She will have had at least five litters, we will say, none of which will show a less return than the first litter, which brings the financial return from one Airedale to a sum between $900 and $1000 on an investment that may vary from $25 to $200. Is it any wonder, then, that the breed is getting the reputation of being the most profitable one on earth? And with such results, big prices of celebrated dogs are more than justified, for they bring the returns.
successfully bred, her litter sells for
Again,
we
is
will look at another field of usefulness for the
puppy that
states in
raised by the
purchased we will say at $25, and successfully mountain hunter or trapper in one of the Western which the bounties on predatory animals are the in-
ducement for many a sturdy lover of outdoor life to maintain With the assisthis existence from his successes in hunting. ance of this Airedale when educated to its life, the hunter is enabled to get returns which were not possible for him as a Bounties of $25 for cougar, $5 for trapper without a dog. cats, one or two dollars for coyote and other such payments paid in most states, enable him to add a good $200 at least and sometimes twice this to his annual income. In addition, the sales of pelts to the fur market, the world over, make him a
comfortable living, in all of which the Airedale forms the most important aid and makes a much larger financial income possible. Ask such a successful hunter, as the writer has repeatedly done, what price he will accept for his faithful and perfectly
trained Airedale, and you will generally find it a case of "no price," or a prohibitive one, for an experienced hunting Airedale is intrinsically worth more than a trained setter or pointer, as the Airedale's experience is toward a commercial end, in addition to the element of sport, so if $100 or $200 is the accepted popular price of a trained setter, a trained Airedale
89
is worth this and more, for his work actually earns this sum for his owner each year, when properly applied. So, it is seen, no matter what walk in life we follow the Airedale, we find his existence capable of bringing to his admiring owners large financial returns, considering his cost, and much more than the average return from any other livestock individual, be it cow, sheep or horse, with far less cost for
"keep," and always something more than a mere animal, which should prove to the satisfaction of all, the sound and dependable commercial value of the Airedale. Other breeds there are that have a share of public popularity and a fancier's value, too, but none are capable of being able to also add so much to the owner's financial income in practical usefulness,
either protecting livestock, safe-guarding poultry, or the best assistant to the hunter, and at the same time a profitable breeder and show dog.
Dog Fights,
It
How
Separated.
sometimes happens that dogs get into a quarrel over a disputed bone, or get mixed with some stranger, when one's desire is to separate them as soon as practicable, without injury to either. For example, we will suppose a mongrel bull has got an unrelenting hold on your Airedale, and you see promise of a broken limb or a long drawn out tangle, how can you separate them with least trouble and danger? In the first place, if possible, get hold of the tail of one or the other and have someone else do likewise with the other dog, lifting hind quarters off the ground. If water is handier than anything else, a bucketful will likely separate them, but sometimes this Is futile. The surest thing is to light a match and hold it at the nose of the dog which has the hold. A lighted piece of paper is better and instantly separates them. Do not kick or
beat either one, as this barbaric method is positively useless when applied to dead-game dogs. The writer once had a grown Airedale sent to him that had become a vicious fighter due to lack of proper discipline when young. He would attack and kill any dog within reach. He was sent out big-game hunting with a pack of other dogs, whose handler broke him quickly by putting a muzzle on him, and in his first attack he was severely punished, and scolded until obedience was manifest. Then with muzzle removed he mixed with pack and fought with them on game with no more trouble to them or strange dogs met with.
Photographing Airedales.
To secure a real good picture of a task, as all can testify who have tried. will be helpful for the inexperienced.
dog is a most difficult A few suggestions here It is natural for most
90
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Airedales at Work on Big Game in Alaska Black bear in dense thicket near Seward, held by the aggressive fighting of Airedale "Tackier," long enough for photographing by Emsweiler. (2) Tackier, Vic and two pups fighting "Wolverine, near Seward. (While illustrations are hardly more than silhouettes, the rarity of these pictures will be appreciated by those who have tried to take action pictures of wild animals.)
(1)
91
anyone who wishes a good picture of a dog to suppose that a regular photographer is the proper party to take it, but except in rare cases the result is most unsatisfactory, as the photographer is not generally sufficiently acquainted with the type of a breed from a fancier's standpoint to know when a dog is in a good position. To secure a good photograph of any dog, the operator of the camera must know his subject and even be a student of the type of the breed. Dog photography is the most uncertain in securing acceptable results of all work in this line. It must necessarily be instantaneous work. If a small camera is used, which in many cases are productive of excellent results, it is best to use one with a universal focus. Guessing a distance or focus is very uncertain. The work should always be done out of doors in strong, clear light. The camera must have a good finder, and the best camera to use is the reflex camera, in which you see your object all the time, and focus accordingly. Studio pictures are rarely successful, except with excellent subjects, that are easy to get into typical positions. The heat of a studio gets the dog to panting, with tongue out and mouth open, and the dog indoors lacks the animation desired in a picture. -The assistance of someone who knows the breed well is most valuable in handling the dog on lead in such a manner as to get him into a good position. The best pictures are likely to be taken when the subject gets interested in the sight of some other dog or preferably a cat. Attempting to pose a terrier for a picture is fruitless, for the animation desired, attention keen, with ears up in place, mouth shut and tail well up, can only be secured by strategy. It is much better to secure this intent position off the lead if possible and while it may tax the patience of the operator, it can be successfully done by taking plenty of time and not getting the dog too much excited over the effort. Don't forget the fundamental requirement of a good picture for light, to have the sun at your back and never try taking the picture with the dog between the camera and the sun. If possible get a light background, such as a roadway or planking, so that the feet will show. Do not get the legs lined up, but have all four show. A dog that is fond of retrieving anything thrown can be caught in a watchful position readily. Avoid getting too close as it will foreshorten the part of the dog nearest the camera. Use Sigma plates for best results, timed according to strength of light. To get the opportunity, the light and scene, of Airedales at work on game, in encounter or holding big game at bay is a very difficult feat, as conditions are generally such as to forestall satisfactory results. For example, a bear when pursued by Airedales takes to the densest of thickets and wilds, in which light hardly penetrates, and on the approach of man, it requires a wonderfully aggressive Airedale to be able to stop the bear's egress long enough
92
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
to get a snapshot with either camera or rifle. The illustration herein of a bear held at bay in an Alaskan tangle by one Airedale is for these reasons a rare picture. Though the detail
it is just possible to make out the Airedale's figure lower right-hand corner, with the outline of the bear very plainly visible in the central background. When one stops to realize what a very critical moment the camera reveals
is
lacking,
in the
in this picture, its rarity is apparent. It is frequently desirable to remove the background from a picture. This is readily done by the use of liquid opaque,
put on with a fine brush on the film side of the negative. Be careful to follow the exact lines of all edges of the subject, for the faking of a picture is rarely done well enough not to show. This is most frequently seen in lowering the line of the muzzle. Many of the illustrations in this book are exceedingly fine pictures from every standpoint, while others used could have been greatly improved had the camera man better understood
the tact required.
Most every big-game hunter has tried in vain to get a good photograph of his dog in action when on game. The difficulties attendant are countless, for such a scene as is shown in the illustration "An Exciting Moment," on the previous page, embodies more necessary conditions than the reader can realize without having maybe been one of those who has carried a camera hundreds of miles for such an opportunity. The incident pictured is the successful climax of a bear hunt near Danville, Washington. Two dogs had been trailing the bear for some hours and by their aggressiveness had finally stopped him in the thicket in the background of the picture. What took place next in less time than it takes to read about
it is
better told in the following letter:
R. M. Palmer, Seattle. Dear Sir: I am glad you appreciate the picture. It took lots of hard work to get one worth while. spoiled a dozen plates and this was the only one that there was anything to be seen on. The bear was on a logged-off piece of land with dense undergrowth with no trees big enough for the bear to climb. Another dog outside the picture on left had just made a dash at the bear. I was behind a big, turned-up tree root with camera, while my partner chased the bear out of the thicket seen in the background. One bullet from a 25-20 ended the sport.
We
J. C.
STUTZ,
Danville,
Wash.
seeing
Inasmuch as some "knowing" hunters when

this picture expressed their opinion that the bear
first
must have
been either in a trap or wounded to make the picture possible the writer secured credentials for it in a sworn statement, which precludes any criticism of nature faking, to-wit:
93
94
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Affidavit.
STATE OF WASHINGTON, County

J.
of Ferry,
ss.
Marchand, residents of Danville, Washington, being first duly sworn on oath depose and say: That they were both present and instrumental in the taking of photograph, showing Airedale Terrier DOLLY GREY attacking or holding bear in the month of September, 1910, near Danville, Wash., and that immediately after said photograph was taken the bear was killed by J. C. Stutz, one of the aforesaid affiants. That the bear shown in photograph was not held by a trap, nor wounded in any manner at the time exposure for the picture was made, but had only just emerged from the thicket in background of picture, being stopped by
C.
Stutz and F.
J.
The bear when the aggressiveness of the Airedale's attack. killed weighed about 200 pounds, and was of the black bear species. F. F. MARCHAND. J. C. STUTZ, Subscribed and sworn to before me this 21st day of October, 1911. H. M. GENIN, Notary Public in and for the State of (Notarial Seal) Washington, residing at Danville.
CHAPTER VIII.
DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT.
Airedales are naturally exceptionally healthy dogs and ailments which other breeds are commonly subject to, The purpose of this chapter is to rarely bother an Airedale. give some practical and useful suggestions to those who in emergencies are not able to call in the aid of the professional veterinary surgeon, and who are so situated that they have to There are a few diseases ofttimes be their own dog doctor. which the owner of an Airedale may occasionally meet with and wish to know how to successfully treat and cure. In the care of these, the suggestions and information herein given will be found most helpful, as being the result of many years of successful practical personal experience and observation.
many
How
to Give a
Dog
Medicine.
shelf
The kennel should have a medicine chest or
and
it is
One surprising how many articles will accumulate therein. essential aid to have on hand is a long-necked bottle, which is By particularly helpful as an easy means of giving liquids. using such a bottle, placed well back into the flews of the cheek, the dogs mouth being held shut, the liquid contents of the bottle run down the throat freely and easily. In handling a dog for the giving of medicine, it is well to go about it in a manner least excitable to the individual. This is best done by standing on the right side of your patient, and with the left hand passed over the shoulders and under the jaw, use the Place thumb left thumb and fingers in opening the mouth. and fingers back of the teeth, which gives one perfect safety from a possible accidental pinch, as the thumb and fingers are a complete wedge of the opened mouth, and the right hand is then free to use for the placement of medicine down the throat. In all cases, where possible, give medicine in the form of soluble gelatine capsules, as one has little difficulty with their use in getting medicine down the throat and swallowed, for by holding the mouth shut tight after placing a capsule well back in the throat, the dog is unable to throw the capsule forward with the tongue, and will swallow it, especially if hastened in the operation by tapping the outside of throat.
Intestinal Parasites;
How Removed.
of the ailments common with Airedales are during their first year, and the extermination of parasitic worm life Beginning is the most important preventative of a sick dog.
Most
96
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
during the second month of a puppy's life, one should carefully scrutinize the feces of all puppies and ascertain if they are infested with worms, either round or the tape worm. Frequently a puppy will be full of worms, and yet rarely show signs in its feces. It is best to give a puppy a dose of liquid vermifuge when one month or six weeks old and repeat each two weeks for a month and then treat once each month. One very common mistake is the giving of vermifuge suited only for the removal of the round worm, and not at all suitable for expelling the tape worm, with the result that the dog's condition remains unsatisfactory until the mistake is discovered. Some remedies expel both forms of these parasites, and other remedies are specially prepared for the removal of each kind. If you detect signs of the long curled (pointed at each end) round worms in the feces, usually accompanied by slimy or mattery stools, the dog should be treated with any one of the standard vermifuge preparations suited to remove the round worm. Santonine and calomel pills are dependable, also a simple initial treatment is to give each puppy gelotin capsules (5 grain size) filled with turpentine followed an hour later by tablespoonful of castor oil. Mixing powdered charcoal in food for a day or two before treatment for worms is particularly helpful in removing much of the accumulated mucuous in the intestinal tract. The presence of tape worm, decidedly the most deleterious to the dog's system with young or old, and in fact to be considered an actual plague in dog life, is readily detected by observing if the feces have clinging to them little short segments, vvhite and active when first dropped. These are sometimes erroneously called pin worms. A dog having tape worm is frequently troubled with sore spots on the skin, particularly near base of tail, and shows much restlessness in knawing his skin and tail. Tape worm segments vary in size, depending on size of the dog and the length of time the infested tape worm growth has remained in the intestinal tract. Some are barely one-third of an inch in length while again segments will be found an inch and more in length. Washed out in water tbey are seen to be flat and in a regular succession of joined or broken segmentary parasitic life. The head of this worm is a small black spot and unless the treatment is thor-
ough erough
to kill the parasite, so that the
head releases
its
attached hold on the walls of the intestine, the worm life develops again. It is thus important to watch the results of treatment for tape worm and see if the head has been expelled. The standard vermifuges advertised for the particular purpose of removing this worst of all pests in a dog should always be kept on hand in the medicine chest. Particularly in the treatment for removal of tape worm, one should tie a growing dog up, and (except for water) allow the animal to have nothing
DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT
97
enter the stomach for 36 hours prior to giving medicine. A dose of epsom salts or pan of milk to which has been added a tablespoon of sulphur is also helpful in emptying the contents of the intestines, to starve the worm life to a condition which A will quickly absorb the poisonous remedy administered. dog thus fasted is in fit condition to rid itself of the tape worm when the medicine given passes through the intestinal tract, and it is not infrequent that, in particularly bad cases, within an hour strings of tape worms, yards in length, will be passed. It is important not to feed a dog under three hours after treating for tape worm, and then with liquid or bland rations, as tape worm remedies are intensely cathartic, and the digestive system should not be taxed with much solid food at first. If one is where remedies for this ailment cannot at once be obtained, in their prepared forms, good results can be secured by giving turpentine and sweet oil mixed in proportion to one Give puppies one of the former to two parts of the latter. teaspoonful and increase the dose for older dogs to two spoonsful. This remedy should be used sparingly. However, in an emergency this dose will promptly do its work; ten drops of turpetine mixed with a spoonful of castor oil, to which add five drops of creolin, is a very effective vermifuge. Areca nut is a commonly used remedy, the dose for grown dogs being two grains for every pound he weighs; and for puppies past two months old, one grain to the pound weight of the dog; after fasting 24 to 36 hours and always followed by a dose of castor oil, an hour or two after administering the Areca nut. In the powdered form it is very bitter, but in capsules is very effective, and expels both round and tape
worm. The writer uses
After it in preference to other remedies. 12 or 24 hours fasting prepare the intestinal system by giving sulphur, molasses and a little milk. Then 12 hours later mix the powdered Areca nut with domestic cooking oil and give in food pan stirred up in a little milk or an egg. Food should not be given sooner than three to six hours following. A teaspoonful of Areca nut for a litter of six or eight puppies is safe, and one teaspoonful of the powdered nut for a fully grown Airedale. Extract of Male Fern is another dependable remedy for tape worm. Give 10 to 3 drops mixed with sweet oil or beaten up in an egg, and followed an hour later by a dose of castor oil. A good plan is to mix 2 oz. Extrtact of Male Fern in a bottle with 6 oz. of olive oil. Shake well before using and for adult dogs past six months, give one teaspoonful after fasting 24 to 3 6 hours. If a young puppy once gets thoroughly infested with tape worm its ailments will multiply fast, for a wormy puppy does not get its proper nutriment and its membraneous intestinal
98
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
tissue becomes inflamed, causing indigestion, white coated tongue and pale gums, colds, running at the eyes, coughs, bloatThe coat looks uning after eating, and thinness of flesh. kempt, and the legs soon begin to show signs of rickets in the form of bowing out, and weakness at the joints. In grown dogs the presence of tape worm is frequently indicated by a retching bronchial cough, very similar to the cough preceding distemper, and at times mistaken for it. If vermifuge pills or capsules are used, it is important to follow same an hour or so later with a dose of castor oil, even with medicine marked "No physic required," for many puppies have died from these poisonous remedies remaining in the Be on the safe side and follow their use system too long. with physic.
Rickets.
This condition
or
is
common
been negligence in not removing tape
when
the diet lacks the
there has the system, necessary sustenance for bone

in
puppy
life,
when
worm from
growth and nutriment for proper formation and growth of muscular tissue. Rickets is about what the name implies, a weakened condition of the muscles, joints and finally crooked bone formation, which if allowed to become advanced in its development gives the dog a rickety and unsteady gait in moving about, in which he often falls and becomes quite helpless. It first manifests itself in the knee joints of the forelegs, which begin to swell and knee-in, the pasterns turning out and the forearm beginning to bow out. In wormy pups this At condition will be noticed the second and third months. times if the hindquarters are affected, the muscles in the thigh become inert and the dog drags his hind parts after him, and This condition is unable to get up and steady itself on its legs. is due to a temporary partial paralysis that is brought on from weakened parts or inroads of the tape worm, which seriously
affect the kidneys. Rickets yield to treatment readily, if taken in time, and while at times the recovery is slow, it is certain of cure, if the patient is considerately dealt with and faithfully attended. After treatment and removal of tape worm as directed in this chapter, the dog should be confined to dry and warm quarters, Feed three times free from the annoyance of other dogs. Give daily a moderate amount of boiled meats and bones. daily, cod liver oil to which should be added a pinch of calcium phosphate of lime; dose according to age, not exceeding one tablespoonful morning and night. If the dog is weak in the loin and loses control of his hindquarters and legs, give two or three times daily one or two tablets (according to age) of Pape's Diuretic and continue until cured, enlarging scope of

diet only after limbs are strong
99
and straight again. (Pape's Diuretic can be secured from any druggist.) The writer has seen a grown dog so badly infested with tape worm that when it had been removed, the hind parts were completely paralyzed and the dog unable to move. In less than a week of the treatment recommended herein the dog was up and around and well again.
It is much easier to avoid the conditions that develop rickety pups than to have to patiently treat for the recovery and cure of the dogs when afflicted with it. In Chapter VI the diet to depend upon for avoiding the development of rickets is given: Briefly, feed plenty of fats and boiled meats, plenty of bones to chew on, and mix regularly with food precipitated phosphate of lime or powdered bone meal.
Mange.
Singularly enough, most
all
cases of supposed
effect of
mange
or
eczema are
in
little
more than the
an impoverished con-
dition of the blood of the system,
due
to the inroads of
absorbing most of the food nutrition.
worms The writer had oc-
casion to see one Airedale that had been treated unsuccessfully for mange and eczema for two years' time. After once the worms were expelled (tape), the skin healed quickly with the assistance of one of the usual remedies which previously
had been used in vain. Genuine mange is a very unpleasant ailment, and is not common in Airedales, owing to their thick protecting coat, but at times it may be contracted from the infected skin of other dogs, or from being kenneled where the contagion exists, such as sleeping where a mangy dog has slept. It is generally first
detected in the skin behind the ears or in armpits. As soon as sure signs of it are manifest in mattery sore spots, rapid loss of coat, and its tendency to spread over the skin of the animal, treat skin with any one of the following remedies: To a pint of crude petroleum, add 5 per cent Formaldyhide, 10 per cent Avenarius Carbolineum, and a little Zenoleum. Add enough motor oil to thin mixture, then rub thoroughly into coat all over body with a brush (the dobbing brush of a show set). If mange is present, it will soon disappear. After two or three days wash dog off with cleansing tar soap.
Mix up a pound or two of flower of sulphur with lard enough so that there is no color of the Hard left in evidence, then add a cup or two of ordinary coal oil, mixing thoroughly and just thin enough to go on well. Rub the dog all over with this mixture and leave it on for several days. Lard serves as the carrying agent of the cleansing and curing properties of the sulphur and coal oil. This simple remedy will
100
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
cure the most persistent case of miange, and if one treatment does not entirely cure, repeat, and then wash with any good cleansing soap. Another most valuable mange cure and one that is thorough and quick, though a bit more costly, is alcohol three This solution should be applied parts and cade oil one part. and rubbed in well on the sore spots and left on. Do not wash while applying this remedy daily. Its quick healing properties are remarkable and most efficient. The ordinary commercial sheep dip is effective used as a cleansing wash, and very good results are to be had from use of soluble sulphur compound in water as a daily wash.
Eczema.
Eczema is the result of an impoverished condition of the blood, and causes most aggravating scratching of the inflamed Treatment should consist of a complete change of diet parts. and exercise in moderation, plenty of boiled vegetables, sulphur in molasses put in food regularly twice a week. Mix up a strong solution of epsom salts and water, and with soft brush rub the solution into the inflamed skin all over the body. Treat any positive sore spot occasionally with the following "yellow salve," viz.: Ac. Salicyl, y s oz.; Ac. Boric, 1 oz.; Sulphur, 1 oz.; Vaseline, 3 oz.; Lanolin, 3 oz. Eczema is a condition which is proverbially slow to be The writer has observed the eliminated from the system. quickest results from the use of blood tonic capsules, which reach the building up of the blood corpuscles. Goff's Blood Capsules at the cost of one dollar per box will be found very
beneficial.
Inflamed Eyes.
also valuable in treatment of mattery eyes lids and drop saturated solution of boracic (Particularly beneficial in distemper). acid into eyes daily.
This salve
lids.
is
it
and
Rub
on
Cankered Ears.
This condition sometimes develops from irritant dirt getting into the inner ear, which creates a foul state, with a Cleanse the ear carefuly with a virulent smelling discharge. Before soft cloth and warm water, using pure castile soap. thoroughly dry, take a handful of Mule Team Borax and Shake shake well down into ear without further washing. more borax into the ear and the next day or two, and they will soon clear up and be perfectly healed. Sore Ear Points; Split or Bitten Ears. Airedales are frequently troubled with slit ear points, the result of encounters, scratches from game killed, or from
101
contact while hunting in thick coverts. Airedales that have the hound ear with a growth of long coat thereon are not usually bothered with this trouble, only those with the more These when split become very sore, essentially terrier ear. and by constant shaking of the head bleed freely. Treatment: Clean the sore edge with warm water and soap; then cleanse After drying, take nitrate of with Peroxide of Hydrogen. silver points and cauterize the exposed tissue, repeating the operation once or twice a week, until completely healed. (Salves and other healing ingredients are useless in the treatment of this annoying trouble.) In cases of torn or bitten ears, after the profuse bleeding has subsided, imbed the raw edge in absorbent cotton, on which is first placed a mixture of boracic acid powder and tannic acid powder, in proportions of one-half of each, or Squib's Compound Alum Powder, and after one day, remove the absorbent cotton, having first soaked it well in warm water, cleanse with peroxide and shake the healing powder on raw parts or cracks daily, and the ear will speedily heal. Keep healing powder in a convenient shaker (old salt shaker.) Wounds and Injuries. In cases where the outer skin is badly torn, draw it together with thread and one or two stitches. Bathe copiously with Peroxide of Hydrogen and keep clean. If the wound is where the dog's tongue can cleanse it and lap it continually, the healing will be complete and healthy, as there is no nurse so good an attendant to injured parts as a dog's tongue, and singularly enough Airedales will frequently cleanse a wound off one for the other and care for them most assiduously. It is best to let them be so treated. If wound is where dog cannot cleanse it, treat with Squib's Compound Alum Powder as directed in previous paragraph. Sore milk glands, in the brood matron, should be rubbed daily with camphorated oil, and treat a caked breast, if skin is broken, with "yellow salve" given in this chapter.
Bowels.
intestinal tract is the seat of many ailments. One to dogs is the fouling of stomach from stale or putrid food. This creates a condition similar to ptomaine poisoning and a dog becomes very weak, with loss of all appetite, fever generally present and drooling from the mouth. The treatment should be castor oil to physic, followed by 5-grain capsules (three times daily) of Bismuth and Salol, with Pape's Diuretic tablet morning and night. After two or three days of this treatment and the return of appetite, discontinue and feed broths and eggs until strength returns. Looseness of bowels and grayish feces are indicative of intestinal mal-assimilation of food. Give castor oil and then
The
common
102
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
follow with tablets three times daily, compound of charcoal, bismuth and pepsin. Diet should be very plain and simple, Salol is also a very good soothing until well; no solid foods. remedy for inflamed bowel conditions, in 3-grain doses, three times daily.
Salmon Poisoning.
In the West, particularly in the Northwestern and Pacific Coast States, Airedales are exposed at times to what is termed "Salmoning," or a condition of the intestinal system brought about by eating stale raw salmon, which develops a ptomaine poisoning of the system, and is very dangerous to life, many hunting Airedales having succumbed to its frequent fatal results. One who is hunting near salmon streams has his dogs exposed to it continually, as stale fish seems to be a very attractive ration to any dog. The first symptom to be watched for is a rather continued looseness of the bowels, loss of normal appetite and general weakness. The dog should be purged at once with castor oil, followed by a drench of fresh tallow, and then given every day at night for two or three days some good liver pill, or preferably calomel, two or three grains. Follow this with the use of charcoal, bismuth and pepsin tablets, or salol, bismuth and pepsin in capsules, three times daily. Feed beef tea. If treated by this method soon enough the dog's life may be saved, but if the last stages of virulent intestinal inflammation and continuous nausea have developed, there is little hope for a recovery, as the animal steadily sinks and nothing can seemingly stay the ravages of
the disease. Prof. E. F. Pernot, M. S., State Bacteriologist for the Oregon State Board of Health, has made exhaustive experiments with numerous dogs affected by salmon poison, and a full detailed account of these experiments is published in a bulletin (Volume 5, No. 2), copies of which can be had by applying to Prof. E. F. Pernot, 1011 Selling Building, Portland, Oregon. As these experiments have been a most thorough scientific analysis of this disease, the following brief excerpts are quoted therefrom:
"Trout and salmon trout are well known to be particularly virulent and the salmon after leaving the sea water and ascending the fresh water streams become virulent after inhabiting fresh water for some time, but the salmon taken directly from the sea or salt water do not cause the disease when eaten by dogs. "A dog that has been well salmoned and recovers from the disease is immunized against subsequent attacks, as shown by This has been conthe experiments with the dog 'Spottie.' firmed by many owners of dogs, that if a salmoned dog recovers from a severe attack of the disease, it never occurs again.
103
"The first noticeable symptoms of this disease occurs invariably nine days after the fish has been eaten. The dog becomes mopish, desires to lie down and refuses to take food. If the temperature be taken previous to appearance of symptom
it
first will
be found to rise from normal to 101-102
P.,
to
105.3 on the seventh day, gradually decreasing from the eighth day to sub-normal, where it remains slightly fluctuating until death, but never rising to the normal or maximum again. During the course of low temperature the dog appears to be cold and curls up as if it were suffering with abdominal pains. No food is taken after the first symptoms appear, but there is a constant desire to drink which, if allowed, is followed by vomiting. "The most effective time for administering the calomel is about the third day after the first symptoms have been observed, or after the dog has appeared very sick and vomiting. Our experience has been that if the calomel is given in the last stages of the disease it causes intense suffering, owing to the highly inflamed condition of the intestines, and the dog being in such a weak, emanciated condition, usually dies from exhaustion in a short time. "The efficiency of calomel as a specific for salmon poisoning has been repeatedly verified by dog owners. Reports have been received from the same owner of six recoveries out of eight cases, two of the dogs that died having other complications."
Some owners who hunt their dogs in salmon districts pin much faith to immunizing their dogs before exposure to trout
salmon streams, by feeding salmon and trout, together with plenty of fresh tallow. Some use bacon. The effect of this diet seems to be to lighten the influence of the disease on the dog's system, such that not unlike a dog's once having had a mild case of distemper, he is immune to further exposure to the contraction of it again. Whatever treatment is used, there seems to be a concensus, of opinion that fresh tallow or lard should be given, following purgatives. Quinine as a tonic daily is also beneficial.
or
Fleas;
How
to Get
Rid of Them.
Fleas are said to be the medium for the spread of many ailments in dogs. If a dog is diseased the little flea is certainly capable of being a germ carrier and can spread them around in lively fashion. It is therefore of utmost importance to keep the kennel free from their annoyance. It is a simple matter if one adopts the right method. Fleas thrive and breed freely in dusty bedding, dusty ground and dirty coats. Keep the kennels swept clean, and never allow the bedding to get old and dusty. In summer months, wash kennels out frequently and by sprinkling keep the ground from getting too dusty. If you notice your dog scratches much, examine his coat carefully, particularly on the breast and groin, and if fleas are
104
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Take the dog out of doors, on and having secured him, use a cloth dipped in a cup of
present, they are readily seen.

lead,
oil, rubbing the coat all over with it, being careful in young puppies not to wet the skin, and always being careful not to spill any into the dog's coat, as coal oil will at times injure the hair root follicles. Simply rubbing well over The dog should the outside of the coat will kill every flea. then be given a long run, allowed to roll in dust, given a swim or a good wash, comb the coat out or brush out when dry, as a dormant flea has a special aptitude for quickening
benzine or coal
its pulse.
For dogs kept in a kennel yard (puppies and brood matrons), with a shoe dobbing brush, rub onto breast and groin, back of ears, base of neck and tail, crude petroleum, to which This mixture is sticky stuff is added a little Carbolineum. and keeps fleas away longer than other treatments and prevents their breeding and hatching. Kennel flooring should be kept powdered with fresh slacked lime and if planings are used for bedding, mix powdered lime iu with it. Fleas will not remain on floors frequently limed. Paint sleeping bench with crude petroleum and spray with
Zenoleum.
Goitre.
The thyroid gland on either side of the larynx at times develops a painless swelling and enlargement called goitre, due to unnecessary exposure, to draughts or a dog's lying on
cold and damp ground when his system is particularly susPuppies that are kept for the first ceptible to taking cold. month or two on a cold cement basement floor are pretty sure There is generally little real danger from to develop goitre. a goitre, except young puppies, but it is a serious blemish to a A slight dog's appearance, when particularly noticeable.
The dog goitre will generally be outgrown and absorb itself. should be kept in the best of physical condition, purgatives given once or twice a week, and cod liver oil occasionally Treatment: Shave (every alternate day) is most helpful. neck and paint daily with tincture of iodine. Give daily the saturated solution of Iodide of Potash. Start with one drop and increase dose one drop daily until fifteen drops are given.
Distemper. Fortunately as yet Airedales, as a breed, are not particularly subject to this dread disease, which is so fatal in many Distemper exists in all other less sturdy and hardy breeds. countries, and appears generally in the spring and early fall months of the year. Authorities agree that it is not communicable to man but is very contagious in dogs. Most authorities agree that a dog need not have distemper, and the owner of a dog whose health has been carefully safeguarded in com-
105
plying with the advice given previously herein need have little to fear from this malady, but should your dog contract it as Airedales at times do at shows (especially puppies), observe carefully the directions given in the following treatise on this
disease:
Distemper, at its inception, shows a disturbed and inflamed condition of the mucous membraneous tissues of the alimentary canal. Its first usual symptom is a hard bronchial cough, with some retching, irritated by excitement or nervousness, caused by the stomach's disturbed membraneous condition, as affected by the developing disease. The first thing to do when distemper is suspected and this cough appears, even if the dog is otherwise in apparently good health, is to confine the dog in some inside warm quarters, where air is good and floor dry. In being neglectful about confining the dog, when this bronchial trouble first develops, the owner is coupling up a lot of unnecessary trouble later on Thinking because the dog is lively as the disease develops. that this cough is nothing more than a slight throat irritation or cold is a serious mistake, especially if the dog is allowed to sleep out in all kinds of weather, which conditions soon develop acute bronchial troubles, generally pneumonia, and in most every case pneumonia is fatal in dog life. The next important move is to administer vermifuge (especially to expel the tape worm if suspected), as the patient will be severely handicapped if the intestinal tract is not free from parasites. Distemper develops much more slowly than generally thought. The primary infection of the disease can be allayed by prompt and efficient attention, while the secondary infections manifest themselves in different ways and develop conditions which may prove fatal. A dog is first noticed to be "off his feed." Soon the cough is noticed in the morning and at night. In a week or ten days' time his eyes likely begin to run and show a granulation and sticky discharge. The nose will in certain forms of the disease also discharge thick purulent yellow mucus. Much depends on a dog's natural robustness of health, as to what extent distemper will develop and advance in its various stages. If a dog is particularly strong and vigorous, he may be off his regulation diet for a few days and show no particular signs of illnes, not even a cough, and though known to have been exposed to this contagion, is over it and immune, for all dogs once having had distemper seem to be forever immune to a second attack. When a dog reaches the mucusdischarge stage of the disease, the owner can expect a month or more of close confinement, involving regular nursing and careful attention. Isolation of the patient is of great importance, kept confined and free from any activity and excitement due to the
106
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

of other dogs, as fever
is
company
always present
in
distemper
and the quieter the patient is kept the better. Be sure and do this when cough first appears, for if this first move is made promptly and faithfully adhered to, your dog will have but a mild case and thus be saved all of the deleterious effects of the ravages of the worse forms of the disease, and more than likely in a couple of weeks be over it.
Treatment.
The use of canine distemper virus sistance of a competent veterinarian
is
is
to
advisable if the asbe had. This is
administered subcutaneously by means of any hypodermic syringe. Parke, Davis & Company issue an instructive pamphlet on Canine Distemper Vaccine both as a preventative and as a curative. This treatment is in accord with the present-day advancement in the scientific prevention of disease and its cure. While not a "sure cure," as records have shown the mortality to have been 21.9 per cent, this treatment is to be
commended.
If at first the dog is seemingly prostrated, one good dose of castor oil is a helpful beginning, followed by liver pills. If the dog refuses food for a couple of days, it will do him no harm whatever to let him go without food. The early stages of this disease are accompanied by such intestinal conditions
that food is a real menace to the dog's condition. Do not urge or force food. His natural hunger and desire for food is the best indication of when his system is in fit shape to receive it. As soon as the dog begins to show unmistakable signs of the symptoms of distemper cited, and has been tied up, begin giving daily the following tablet, which will allay the worst tendencies of the disease, and often in themselves effect a comCompound tablet, bismuth, charcoal and plete recovery: pepsin (or capsules, salol 9 gr., bismuth 10 gr., and pepsin 3% gr.), obtainable from any druggist. Give pups one each, three or four times daily, and grown dogs two tablets three times daily. Their effect is in the way of soothing the inflamed intestinal parts, removing the toxine poisons and to assist the weakened condition of food digestion and assimilation.
The writer has found in his personal experience this plan treatment dependable and if the vaccine method is not available or used, successful recoveries will be attained by adhering rigidly to these directions, for Airedales decently cared for in healthy, warm quarters, very rarely succumb to this disease, or are sick more than a few days. In distemper the feces are usually greenish, rank and strong smelling, indicating a decidedly unhealthy condition of
of
10Y
the bowels, in the cause of which both stomach indigestion and lack of intestinal digestion or mal-assimilation share. This condition, if allowed to remain without care, results in the ulcerous and intestinal form of the disease which commonly develops when owners are too anxious to keep their dog eating good rich food. There is no necessity for this form of the disease ever developing, and it is one of the worst forms of the disease, when advanced, and in many cases ends fatally. The capsules or tablets above described will soothe and tone up the inflamed intestinal condition and make a dog's appetite for food good again, and gradually bring about the conditions which permit healthy, well-formed feces. When this is accomplished, more than half the battle is fought and won, and the use of salol and bismuth or charcoal should then be limited. As long as a dog is running off in a diarrhetic condition, the
distemper germ seems to thrive, and

sorts of gastrical difficult to cure.
all
is
and
intestinal troubles
capable of producing which are very
Diet.
The best diet for puppies and for mature dogs that refuse their regular food, during distemper, and are loose in the bowels, is boiled milk. In feeding give a sick dog simple but nourishing food in moderate quantity, the aim being to keep up the strength. Cod liver oil daily is good when convalescent; also fresh beef cut fine on bread and egg-nogs when the patient is very weak Avoid alcoholic stimulants, except in the last stages of the disease. If the patient becomes much weakened by the ravages of the disease, and is in need of a good daily tonic, give quinine. Puppies one grain twice daily and grown dogs two grains daily.
Quinine should be given sparingly to dogs of high-strung and nervous temperaments. The object in general is to sufficiently bolster up the weakened organism in order that it may successfully throw off the accumulating toxine poisons which permeate the system. After the salol or bismuth capsules have shown good results, it is well to stimulate the kidneys, especially if the cough is continuous. The use of Papes Diuretic tablets will be found beneficial in cleansing the system. Should a dog have developed the purulent mucus-discharge or acute bronchial stages before treatment as recommended herein has been followed, lose no time in making a beginning, and if the conditions are serious, secure the aid of a competent veterinary, preferably one who has had some experience in canine practice. While it is possible to direct the care of the advanced stages of the disease, those inexperienced in the care and treatment of a very sick dog would become discouraged before the period of the disease had half expired, for a dog
108
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
once down with distemper added to which pneumonia has set in, and virulent membraneous discharges, is going to be a very
sick
dog for a month or two.
the nasal passages are badly clogged up with mucus, spray with an atomizer twice daily, using peroxide of hydrogen or oil of eucalyptus. A dog rarely ever dies from distemper per se. The complications which develop in the weakened system are invariably the direct cause of death. A blanket sewed onto the patient that shows sign of quick breathing and pneumonia is a necessary aid. Poulticing is excellent, especially with antiphygistene. Don't pour food down a sick dog, when he hasn't ability to either hold or digest it. It only makes him worse. Don't exercise a distemper patient. Don't get anxious if your dog does not eat for two days. He won't die of starvation. It is better for him not to. Don't allow him to get his feet wet. Don't wash a dog when convalescent from distemper, no matter how foul he may be. Powder him with flour or Fuller's Earth. Brush, comb and clean. Don't give your dog his liberty as soon as he begins to feel better. Keep him there until well. A relapse is sometimes
fatal.
When
The writer has found the mortality
practically nil in his
own
experience in caring for Airedales during distemper as
here recommended.
Chorea.
This malady (similar to St. Vitus dance) is a condition brought on by an impaired system, affecting the nervous organism, and its first symptoms are uncontrollable twitchings of the muscles of the limbs, jaw or skull beats. It is generally the consequence of distemper, where the individual has had a long and hard siege of it, and the constitution much undermined. Bathing or even a chill from wetting of feet in a convalescent dog from distemper will at times bring it on. Any treatment is far from yielding satisfactory results. In cases where its attack but slightly inconveniences the dog, general tonic and stimulative treatment will help its control, but in severe cases it is more humane to chloroform the sufferer, or give small capsule of Prussic Acid, which is a humane method of ending a life of constant suffering or .*, weakness.
I
Dew-Claws. flll^ Dew-claws or a superfluous claw attached to inside of hocks or pastern by skin or loose tissues are sometimes found on Airedales as in other breeds. They should be clipped off
I
109
close to the hock as soon as discovered with a pair of sharp scissors or wire cutters.
Naval Hernia.
is a protrusion of the intestine at the navel opening abdominal wall, and is of the nature of a rupture, though never seemingly to seriously affect the dogs' physical condition or hunting ability. If but a small protrusion it is well enough to let it alone, and nature seems to form a bit denser skin protection over it. If the protrusion is large enough to be a menace to the dog's health, have a veterinary surgeon operate, which operation is a simple one, it being necessary to put the intestine back in place and put one or two stitches in the abdominal wall opening, which soon heals. Hernia is commonly found in dogs, and seems to be an inheritance. Prolapsus of the Vagina.
This
of the
This is a falling down or protrusion of the inner walls is caused by a strain at or previous to the breeding season of a bitch. Some pack the walls back into place with absorbent cotton, and when the protrusion is very bad, an operation by a veterinary surgeon is advisable, but in ordinary cases the following will be found to be entirely successful:
and
Insert daily, soluble capsules
(six or eight grains)
of
com-
This puckers the membraneous tissues, and assists the muscle tissues in re-establishing their natural state. Parts should be pushed back into place daily.
pound alum.
Table of Doses.
The following
Castor
reliance.
Oil,
table of doses of
some
of the principal drugs
will be valuable for occasional reference:
y 2
to 2 oz., as
laxative, the best "first aid"
Syrup of Buckthorn,
% to
2 oz., as a laxative.
drachms, as a laxative. Powdered Sulphur, 1 to 3 drachms, as a laxative, given in milk or mollases, or both. Calomel, 2 to 4 grains, followed by salts twelve hours later. Areca Nut (powdered), 1 to 2 grains for each one pound dog weighs, best given in molasses or cooking oil and milk, or white of an egg, followed by castor oil two hours later,
Salts, 1 to 4
Epsom
or salts. Santonin, 1 to 5 grains. For puppies, 1 to 3 grains two or three times a day for two days, then follow with castor oil.
For removal
of round worms. (Combined with calomel it is very effective). Extract of Male Fern, 10 to 30 drops, always in oil. Very powerful remedy for tape worm, use sparingly, and followed by castor oil.
110
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Oil of Turpentine, 10 to 3 drops, given with same precaution as Male Pern, in capsules with 5 drops Creolin. Thymol: A reliable expeller of all intestinal parasites. Dose for puppies, 2 grains in capsules. Grown dogs 5 grains in capsules, always followed by salts. Sulphate of Quinine, 1 to 2 grains, as a tonic. Salicylate of Sodium, 5 to 15 grains; valuable remedy in acute rheumatism. Subnitrate of Bismuth or Salol, 3 to 10 grains; useful in gastritis and dysentery; given in combination in 5-grain
capsules.
Champion Illuminator
CHAPTER
IX.
SHOWING AIREDALES.
-
"""
.
s-
Dog shows
the
will
always be one of
/.',.
*&
v<
-^
most important functions which a dog's career is planned,
dJJJSlfl^
^f^Hk
|k
Bp?N,
widely known and advertised fame and reputation, inn his appreciable value, and ir I creas i furnishing to all fanciers and breed^jfr InSf ers an annua l incentive in a conMJHJI-^nSF tinual chain of public competitions and show fixtures, that incite conBr stantly increasing ambitions, which steadily enhance a breed's welfare. **"^0& The public generally are most interested in what they can see and study according to their own notions. In the realm of trade the display window is the most The best of important equation for a succesful merchant. anything, if kept out of sight, does not get its due recognition and commensurate value, for public interest must be stimulated by a free acquaintance and knowledge in the personal seeing and inspection of what attracts. It is therefore incumbent on one interested in the success of any breed of dogs to exhibit same at every possible opportunity, and not keep what are considered to be good ones at home. Airedale fanciers have so far shown an increasing and commendable interest in bringing their favorite breed before the public eye each year since they were first shown in any number in America. While as early as 1881 in a rough-haired
Ra^P^sgiKj
K^SB&aL^
for be. cause they so largely benefit his usefulness, in bringing the individual's merits into competition before making it thus possible tlae P UD H C
'
M~
BHv
H I w
to esta blish a
WB 8p BP*^
were shown by M. C. H. Mason and Mr. Harry W. Lacy, pioneer importers of the breed, they were not taken hold of and exhibited much at shows until the late nineties, but since then and for the past decade Airedale classes at all the leading shows throughout the country have taken their place among the principal breeds exhibited, until at present nearly one hundred of the breed are annually shown at the largest show, that of the Westminster Kennel Club. New York, and as evidence of Airedales becoming the leading breed in America the present registration of Airedales exceed other breeds in number except Boston Terriers, and they seem
terrier class, Airedales
112
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Bostons steadily. It was in 1898 that this opened classes for the breed. In England the Airedale has been a popular and prominent show breed. As early as 1875, V. Shaw speaks of their being shown at local shows, and at the present day the breed maintains its hold on public
to be overtaking the
show
first
favor and support in large entries at all principal shows. It is this kind of interest that continually tends to popularize a breed, as the public interest is kept alive and keenly awake to the standard merits shown in the competition of notable dogs, whose ranks are replenished each year with new and famous
imported winners and American-bred celebrities. Airedale fanciers cannot lend their individual aid in any more effective manner toward steadily keeping the breed to the front before the American public, than by losing no opportunity of exhibiting dogs at shows within reach, not with an idea of carrying off prizes, but to swell the number of dogs exhibited so that the breed will have a creditable showing. It is surprising what an interest in the breed is created at every show, in which a good entry is made. There is always a first time for everyone to become acquainted with the breed's attractive characteristics, and <at a public show such experiences and converts are common and most beneficial to one and all interested fanciers in steadily enlarging the field of the breed's popularity.
Registering.
Before entering a dog for exhibition at any show one should have the dog registered in the Kennel Club of the country under whose auspices the show is given. This is a simple matter and needs but a request by mail to have a registration blank mailed to the owner, who in turn copies down the pedigree and other information desired about the dog's breeding and returns it for entry in the Stud Book, on the payment of a usual fee of $1.00. The number of the registration The is then mailed to the owner in form of a certificate. registering of a dog is most beneficial independent of showing a dog, in that the registry always preserves a record of one's breeding for reference and gives a kennel a reputation of having recognized and registered stock, regarding the genuineness of which there can be no future question or doubt. When a dog's breeding has once been registered, the loss of the owner's copy of pedigree is easily replaced by sending for a certified copy of the same from the Stud Book records. There is increased stability in the appearance of any pedigree in which the greater portion of the dogs named are shown to be registered dogs. The requirements for registration vary with the different stud books, some requiring three known generations and others four known generations of ancestry and certificates from the owners of sire and dam at the time
SHOWING AIREDALES
113
of mating, certifying to the correctness of the pedigree claimed. In order to exhibit a dog at a show given under the auspices of the American Kennel Club it is necessary to register (or
a dog in A. K. C. Stud Book. This is the oldest stud book record in America, having registered nearly 275,000 dogs up to January, 1920. Other stud book records and registrations are kept by the Canadian Kennel Club, the Field Dog Stud Book, and United Kennel Club. When wishing to register an Airedale in either one of these stud books, write the Secretary, asking for registration blanks, addressing Secretary American Kennel Club, 221 Fourth Avenue, New
list)
York
City.
Secretary Canadian Kennel Club, Toronto, Canada. Secretary Field Dog Stud Book, Masonic Temple, Chicago,
Illinois.
United Kennel Club, 3410 Beach Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. very useful form of registration is that furnished by the United Kennel Club, especially for owners not particularly interested in exhibiting Airedales at shows, in which event registration in club under whose auspices show is held is desirable. For those not id the show game, the U. K. Club furnishes a dependable form of registration at the nominal cost of 25 cents each, and registers each puppy in a litter for tin- total of $1.00 per litter. Its system certificates and certified pedigrees are all that can be desired.
Conditioning. In preparing an Airedale for exhibition at any show one should make a start soon enough to have the advantage of all favorable conditions. An Airedale is naturally an easy dog to condition for a show. In order that he may be shown in excellent form, exercise and good feeding are essential. A show dog should not be heavy in flesh but hard in muscle, the result of outdoor exercise. Swimming in salt water brings the coat into excellent condition. Except for one good cleaning wash, do not wash an Airedale in preparing him for show. The coat should be combed out carefully and brushed with a good stiff coarse brush every day for a month or six weeks before a show. This removes the dead or old coat and brings out in sharp relief the new coat. Mix flax seed meal in with food for two weeks before show, or if eggs are plentiful, ad' these (raw) to the dog's diet, and the coat will glisten with a sparkle most attractive in appearance. The coat should be cleaned out and brushed with Fuller's Earth, especially each day at a show and previous thereto.
Trimming. The special preparation
the dog's typical appearance
of the coat to materially improve is called trimming, and is uni-
114
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
versally practiced and recognized as necessary to place the dog in competition in suitable shape, to have his individual type appear to best advantage. It is a simple process and needs but a little study and experience for anyone to become adept at it. In England and at all the leading American shows, terriers are put down in competition trimmed to various stages of perfection. Some are overdone, but the majority are greatly improved in their sbow appearance by it. The aim is to remove the rough edges in full-coated dogs, especially about the head and neck. Briefly, to properly trim an Airedale, pluck with thumb and finger the skull from eye-brows back to neck, also long coat of neck, cheeks, neck fringe or frill and under the jaw out to about half way from the flews to muzzle. By plucking is meant the removing of the outer coat, a little at a time, leaving the under coat smooth and uniform in texture. This should be done some days before a show, and edges of The idea is to show the joining with body coat evened up. excellent type of head in an Airedale, exaggerating in appearance a bit the length of the head, with a full, wide fore-face and depth of jaw, which the whiskers left in place emphasize. In place of plucking with thumb and finger, plucking-combs can be used, or clippers, but one must be an expert with their use to trim neatly and not too much, as a cut coat does not Old look well. Never use scissors on an Airedale's coat. coat and fluff is removed readily by using a piece of a band saw. One strip (cut) makes six or eight good stripping combs, at a trifling cost. A full-coated Airedale, in order to be shown in attractive coat, should be stripped of the outer coat two or three months before a show, giving the new coat a good growth by show time. Clipping the body coat is not advisable, as it tends to strengthen the growth of any tend-
ency to fluff in a coat.
While under certain show rules there is a disposition to penalize trimming, the intent is seemingly to bar faking, which in England crept into the show-game, in the dyeing of coats Legitimate plucking and trimming is to a desired color, etc. now recognized as an aim to improve the dog's show appearance, much after the accepted custom of humanity preferring to have the benefit of the accepted and conventional neatness of a barber's skill, rather than allow nature's tendencies to go uncurbed. No deception of importance is possible in legitimate trimming before the experienced eye of an accredited terrier judge, as the general type of dog is undisturbed and a dog of poor type, even if well trimmed, cannot win against a better type, either inadequately trimmed or not trimmed at all. Diet and elbow grease are the best conditioners of a naturally
good coat.
SHOWING AIREDALES
115
Champions
(1)
of
Both Continents
(2)
Champion Master Royal.
Champion York
Sceptre.
116
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Showing and Handling.

in the ring at a
The preparing of a dog for good manners when being shown show is something that needs much attention.
The individual should have been early accustomed to lead freely and strongly, pulling well, associating pleasure and action with the idea of being led, and when desired, accustomed
Snapping the finger or someto stand eargerly at attention. thing thrown, or the scent of a piece of well-cooked liver, are good aids to get the attention desired, having the dog ac-
customed when not moving to stand facing handler on loose and watchful of motions of the free hand of handler. Many a real good typy dog has failed to win simply because he is a poor mover and shower in the ring, being unaccustomed to what is wanted in making him appear well. The more action and life a dog exhibits while on lead, the better he will appear in the ring, as a judge can only judge of what he sees at the time and can't give undue allowance for what imaginary good points the dog might have to show, if better handled. The ears are important, and the dog should be accustomed to holding them well up in attentive position. His legs and feet should be kept in uniform and typical position, head and neck well up always. Most important of all, bear in mind in handling a dog in the show ring, that it is the dog that is being shown to best advantage and nothing else. Keep the dog you are handling always in full view of the eyes of the judge, as he is there to get a critical estimate of the dog in a very brief space of time and wishes to see all he can of him and in constant comparison with others in competition, so if the dog is behind the handler or another dog and not at all times in good position to show his type off to favorable advantage, the dog is materially handicapped. A good habit to get into is to keep the dog always between the handler and the judges, no matter in what part of the ring you are placed. A good handler rarely ever takes his eye off the dog he is handling until the awards are distributed. Give the dog all the help you can, as he may need it, and always accept a favorable or unfavorable decision by the judge with equanimity, as being the honest conviction of his judgment, and if not quite pleasing, try again under some other judge at another show. The awards at a dog show are, after all, but one man's judgment on the dogs in competition, and while one judge may have much public reputation as a judge and accepted authority, the best of them at times overlook something good and make mistakes, as human nature is the same everywhere and not infallible. By the time the dog has been passed upon by three or four different judges in varying competition at different shows, the owner will know to a certainty the limitations and winning capacity of his entry, and will have learned
lead, alert
SHOWING AIREDALES
117
118
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
much
if
as to type and comparative merits in the breed exhibited, inclined to be a close observer. The care of a dog at a show is an important matter and one which if neglected is liable to bring on troublesome ailments. The tendency is to feed altogether too much, in view of the Meat is comnecessary confinement on chain in the stall. monly fed to dogs not accustomed to it. It is better to feed only one moderate meal, at night, when things begin to quiet down a bit, and give water sparingly (but twice daily) as it only makes a dog uncomfortable, when not at liberty. Exercise regularly, and keep your dog on chain even when exercisThe Airedale is capable of taking care ing, to avoid accident. The of himself well enough, but precaution is advisable. constant tugging at collar and chain, due to excitement from the passing public and dogs, tests to the utmost the strength Be certain that your dog has a of kennel fastenings. collar that will not slip or part, and a good strong swivel chain, with fastenings at both ends. The dog on bench should be tied short enough to prevent fighting with dog in adjoining Many a stall, and to avert jumping off bench, and hanging. dog has been lost permanently by negligence of the owner in not carefully observing these necessary provisions.
Champion Airedales.
The title of "Champion," the highest honor and distinguishment in a show-dog's career, is awarded to dogs that are successful enough in their show days to make the necessary winIn England at certain of the larger shows, the E. K. nings. C. awards a Champion Certificate to the winning dog and bitch. Before a dog gains the title he must win the ChampionUnder the American and Canaship Certificate three times. dian Kennel Club rules, a dog must be the winner in the Winners' Class enough times to win a total of fifteen (A. K. C.) and ten (C. K. C.) Championship points, before being recorded as a Champion. The number of points allotted to each show is regulated by the total number of exhibits and the section of the country in which a show is held, the aim being to have
the character of competition govern, the larger the show, the more Champion points allowed. A dog that has gained the title of Champion is to be regarded as a dog having possessed in exhibition form superior standard type of the breed and as such a valuable asset in ancestral lineage. While Champions do not dependably beget Champions in breeding, it is noteworthy that many of the famous Champion sires have become sires of Champions as well. A Champion stud naturally is mated to more bitches of superior merit than other good sires, and thus has favored opportunities to pro-
SHOWING AIREDALES
duce stock of merit.
that
119
The following Champions sired dogs became Champions to the number indicated: Clonmel Monarch (9), Master Briar (5), Crompton Oorang (5), York Masterpiece (4), Bolton Woods Briar (4), Red Raven (3), Rock Salt (3), The New King (3), Endcliffe Crack (3), Matlock Bob (2), The Gamecock (2), Crompton Performer (2), Master Royal (2), Rockley Oorang (2), Midland Royal
(1).
On the other hand, many notable sires that were not themselves Champions proved their prepotent value in type, in that their get became Champions. For example: Elruge Monarch was the sire of 5 Champions, Odsal Crack (4), Crompton Marvel (4), Floriform (3), Wyndhill Vandal (3), Rock Ferry Test (2), Hindman Briar (2), Briarwood (2), Briar Test (2).
The Hunting Pack

Cobb and
his Airedales in the
mountains of Montana.
120
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
AIREDALE CHAMPIONS
List of Airedales that have been awarded the title of Champion, for having made the required number of "wins" at dog shows held under the auspices of either the Kennel Club of England, the American Kennel Club or the Canadian Kennel Club.
(In revising this list to
1919, the author wishes to ac-
knowledge the valuable assistance of Mr. Nelson H. Acheson, of Seattle, and Mr. Geo. H. Dieust, of Denver).
Abbey King Nobbier Abreeorn Gold Edge
Adios Tempest Afton Queen Oorang
Aireshire
161928
Lad
Alban Lass Almonte Peggy Arthington Tinner

Attleborough Lassie Auckland Lucky Stone
151264 191589 110096 407-P

Can.
Colne Hedgley Flicker Colne Lucky Baldwin Colne Nut Brown Maiden Colne Walton Flyaway Courtland Isabel Oourtland Kitty
C'rofton
Chum
380-S
1266-0
10808
Crompton Almida Orompton Oorang Crompton Performer

Culmington Nettle Culmington Vixen
1592-J
1591-J
126501 71660 8242 8243 104014 104015 198921
638-L
Babs
Bachelors Boy Bachelors Masterpiece
121996
Can. Can.
562-M 445-N
9108
311-P 671-L 382-S 73252 1251-G 120492 60636 234-J
Columbus
Barkerend Lillian
Baughfell Briar Beau Bell Scrapper
55695 169935
Dany Craig Commander Dany Craig King

Dargle Deputy
Bilmer Bingo Bilmer Fol de Rol Bingley Blossom Birchcliffe Oorang Bolton Woods Blossom Bolton Woods Briar Bolton Woods Rush Bothwell Sorceress Briars Masterpiece Brickfield Molly Briergate Bright Beauty
182455 226017 165195

Can.
Delph Girl
Derrvfield Nell
79338 76088 381-R 151862 109205 170256 224419 184247 Briergate Bright Light 197791 Briergate Rex Persaltum 1270-C Broadland's Bashful Broadland's Royal Descendant 1667-E Brush 91309 Sunflower Buck's
Caerphilly Performer
Dunbarton Dunbarton Dunbarton Dunbarton
Lass Rattler Sceptre
Sunflower
1261-H 1262-H
224431 158917 135910 92029 112107 115116
80680 S41-Q 633-L 93-R 106310 223-R 134384
Elms Primus El Sur Roseben

Endcliffe Commander Endcliffe Crack Endcliffe Radiance Endcliffe Victoria
Farleigh Mikado Felday Countess
Felden Flower Girl Ferryhill Flyer Flo
1627-S
Cherry Tree Queen Chesney Cherry Circle Cholmondeley Briar Clonmel Bedrock 1003-E Clonmel Cadet Clonmel Chorister A121994 Olonmel Command Clonmel Coronation Clonmel Imperious 257-R Clonmel Isonomy Clonmel Kitty 985-B Clonmel Marvel Clonmel Master Magic 379-S Clonmel Mesalliance 355-E Clonmel Monarch Olonmel Rough and Ready
165589 137076 61021 142460
203799 197082 32967 100376 157413 323-E 147087 100377 156304 147088 984-B 51612
Oorang Freeman Terror

Flornell
539-M
Geelong Cadet Gold Heels Greystone Growler
184608 159572 10895

117843 54761 54763 196785 131158 119486 126501 69791 107518 173807
1393-J
Harry Jones
Hasting's Clipper Hasting's Mona Heathcote Enchantress Hedgeley Flare Hedgley Flash Hedgeley Flicker Highgate Kitty Highgate Kitty Jr.
His Highness Huckleberry Lass
AIREDALE CHAMPIONS
Illuminator
121
122
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
CHAPTER
AIREDALES
VS.
X.
HOUNDS.
Hunting the larger game animals with dogs will always Its recbe keenly attractive to sportsmen the world over. reation takes one into an environment that no other sport offers, as the hunter's life is at all times imbued with the For centuries splendors of nature in their primeval state. back mankind has been prone to hunt wild game, and as civilization has advanced, the development of the instincts of hunting dogs to a high state of perfection has been noteworthy. "Following the hounds" has been a sport for Royalty and gentry alike. In the pursuit of wild game animals in America, the assistance of dogs is a necessity, for in thick timber, brush lands and mountainous regions still hunting could avail but little, and more than half the sport is in following the varying experiences of a good bunch of hunting dogs, with its inspiring language, as constantly in vogue, through the barking of the pack when on trail, or giving tongue as it is termed. All who have once had the good fortune to hunt big game with Airedales, with or without hounds, know what an inspiring outing it is. It has for the most part now come to be a matter of taking the dogs to likely districts for the finding of game, and then when they take the trail in full cry keep within hearing distance, and from experience in association with one's dogs know what sort of game is being followed, and when it is at bay. It requires great physical endurance on the part of the hunter as well as the dogs and ofttimes great exposure. Big game when pursued by dogs is rarely dangerous, for the constant worrying gameness of the dogs gives the pursued animals no time for offensive tactics. Bear and cougar when close pressed seek refuge in either dense Grizzlies thickets or tall trees, bob-cats and coons likewise. and the Kodiak bear of Alaska are exceptions to this disposition, but are very successfully hunted with dependable dogs, that do not flinch and are capable of keeping out of harm's way. In fact, the only safe method of hunting the most dangerous of the bear species is to have two or three trusty Airedales to keep the animal so much occupied that the While hunter has ample opportunity to place a fatal shot. hunters differ in their ideas as to whether it is best to hunt Airedales with hounds or by themselves, the concensus of opinion seems to be to have the "mixed pack." When there are more than three or four Airedales in a hunting pack, say eight or ten Airedales, the Airedale are included to develop
12 4
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
much courage and with their keenness for the encounters do not show their usual caution in keeping out of harm's way, such that the younger and smaller dogs get injured more freThe quently than when the proportion of Airedales is less. influence of hounds seems to hold the ardor of Airedales in check, and with two or three good hounds in a pack, Airedales do their work most satisfactorily. There is a marked difference in the temperaments of the hound as contrasted with the Airedale, which is shown in their behavior over big game that has been killed. Hounds are easily whipped off from the scramble over their prey and most any sign of force is sufficient to get hounds off, when they One cease to have much further interest in the game killed. can't go into a bunch of Airedales that are pulling and hauling on a bear or cougar and scold and whip them off so easily. In fact they are better handled by an entirely different method. Their intense game blood is aroused by such a situation to the point of great and almost uncontrollable excitement. If the hunter gets in among them and diverts them by talking to them, it is the easier method to separate and quiet them to normal condition again. Using force on an Aidedale or several of them when in this high state of nervous excitement is a bit dangerous, as young dogs are prone to be most jealous. There has been much public discussion of the relative merits of Airedales vs. Hounds in respect to their comparative ability in the matter of trailing and hunting big game. Most of the arguments and disputes which have been published on the subject have been engendered by some fancier making too big a claim for the Airedale. Those who breed and know the Airedale and hunt continually with them, know his full capatoo
bilities, and also his limitations, and are the first to disclaim the sometimes expressed public belief that the Airedale as a hunting dog is more of a Hound than anything else. The difference between the character of the Airedale and that of the Hound is such a wide and distinct one that it seems needless to go very deeply into the subject, and yet the striking characteristics may be briefly stated with interest to some who wish information on this very inquiry, "How does the Airedale as a hunter and trailer compare with the Hound?"
The Hound is essentially a trailer, and little more. He is by build not constituted to be an aggressive fighter, though there are hounds that are, but these are generally not the pure-bred article. In fighting at close quarters, apart from
their lack of cleverness in knowing how to successfully tackle quick and effectively, they are exposed to undue punishment by the shortness of their coat and its lack of protection, and also their long pendulous ears are exposed to frequent tears
and bad usage.
Quickness in encounters they usually lack, as they are naturally slow in motion, and their best service is
AIREDALES
VS.
HOUNDS
12 5
centered in the unfailing use of wonderful scenting powers. There are experienced hounds that will work out for the hunter trails which may be proved to be two or three days old. Such work is essentially the Hound's work, and not that of the Airedale. On the other hand, all hunters of wild animals, both small and large, before the advent of the Airedale, were handicapped in having to depend solely on the Hound, and tried unsuccessfully to develop what was wanted, viz.: a clever, hardfighting, fearless terrier, of powerful size, and one preferably that could do some trailing. Many leading hunters produced a dog of these accomplishments, from their own cross-breeding, btft these results established no breed, and could not breed on. Their days were numbered, and while valiant as individuals, all such soon passed along. Some years ago, while conversing with Mr. Philip B. Stewart of Colorado Springs, a stalwart friend and supporter of all the best that's in the Airedale, this subject came up for discussion, and I recall Mr. Stewart's account of the most serviceable hunting dog in John Goff's pack, when on that notably Rocky Mountain hunt with Col. Roosevelt and party, as being a nondescript bull and something else mixed, but a literal living wonder for courage and aggressiveness, trailing and combat. It was not long after, that this celebrated Rocky Mountain hunter, John Goff, began to hear enough of the Airedale to interest himself in trying a few of them, with the result that today his noted pack always contains the Airedale. Here is a letter and some excerpts from an article in Outdoor Life, which appeared in a discussion the author had covering this very subject:
regarding the Airedale here (Cody, Wyo.) on March 4 (1910) on a hunt in Colorado and Utah, and have just arrived home. In regard to the Airedale's nose, you can inform Mr. Simonds that he had been misinformed. There is no comparison between the nose of the Airedale and that of the Hound. The Airedale has a good nose for hot trailing, but when a trail is ten hours old he can't do anything with it. "I have owned a great many hounds that would work out a trail three days old. I have two dogs now that will run a trail so cold that an Airedale can't tell what they are trailing, and they are just common hounds. But the Airedale is hard to beat for hot trailing and fighting.
letter
I
"Editor Outdoor Life:
Your
Terrier has just been received.
left
JOHN GOFF."
Such a testimonial of the comparative value of the Airedale and the Hound from as dependable authority on the subject speaks volumes in itself. The most noted big game hunting packs in the "West have Airedales, and investigation will show that in cases where they have been fortunate to get good Airedales and not the poorer
126
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Coon Hunting with an Airedale on Puget Sound Lake-Dell Dick (62 lbs.) following scent over windfall above a ravine. This picture was taken from bottom of ravine soon after the coon was seen to cross the log-; the Airedale in pursuit was caught by the camera in action of following the scent. This windfall is some 200 feet above the shores of Puget Sound, seen in the background.
AIREDALES
sort,
VS.
HOUNDS
127
the Airedale
of
is
Most
scent,
them
insist
not content with being a following-dog. on taking the lead and quickly take the
and being particularly swift trailers and hunters, are usually the first to tree or hold at bay. Those who know the Airedale do not claim him to be a hound; far from it, as they are better than the Hound. Until the advent of the Airedale the Hound was the only dependable Now, the Airedale is not only a trailer but trailing dog. something more, a hard-fighting terrier, game to the core, with a thick coat that is a natural protection. This question is simply a case of what inheritance, experience and education develops when one has a good Airedale, for the green kennelGive raised Airedale is at first useless in the hunting pack. the Airedale a decent chance to learn, and the majority of them will learn so fast that other breeds will sit up and take
notice.
Another one of the best known big game hunting packs in America, one which is hard at its pursuit of predatory animals every month in the year, is the pack in charge of the former U. S. Government Hunter for the State of Washington, P. C. Peterson, a life-time hunter in all parts of the world and one of the most successful big game hunters on the North American continent. Mr. Peterson has a mixed pack of Hounds and Airedales, and with him the usefulness of a dog is strictly a commercial proposition. If he earns his way, he gets a place in the pack. The following letter to the author is selfexplanatory:
U.
S.
Forest Service, North Bend, Wash.,
May
20, 1910.
Dear
as a
Sir: Replying to your question about the Airedale trailer, compared to the hounds: I have hunted Airedales
in my pack for nearly three years and recommend them. My leading dog, Whiskers, is an Airedale. I raised him in the mountains with me and he is now four years old. This Airedale will take a bear scent six or seven hours old, and alone, unassisted by any hound, follow it faster than the average hound and stay with the trail until the bear is at bay or treed. He has at times stayed with a bear thirty hours until found. He gives tongue on trail like a hound, and is very fast. The Airedale is equally as good a trailer on cougar as the hound, but on bobcats the trailing is more difficult, back-tracking, circling and such, in which work the very slow, careful, coldtracking, pure-bred foxhound, like my Fanny, is the best. I just got back from my trip in the Olympics, where I got seven bears, three cougars and fourteen bobcats.
P. C.
PETERSON.
10, 1909.
Here
Dear
is
another:
Gazelle, California,
November
Sir:
promised to
let
you know about
my
Airedale,
November 5 I gave him his first in trailing. bear track alone. It was rather an old track and difficult to
"Rough Rock,"
128
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
work, but he worked hard for an hour and fifteen minutes in heavy snow, brush and scrub oak before he jumped his bear. He put him over two mountain ridges before he treed.
J.
W. GREGG.
And another:
has been nearly a year since I received the I have used him for a "stopper" dog on deer, and he has as yet to lose his first one. I have hunted him on bear and lion (I do not use hounds) and he, in company with two of Matlock Bob's pups, from Klootch, has done
Sir:
It
Dear
Airedale, "Jack."
excellent trailing and treeing. It may please you to know that these young dogs run very fast, taking the scent from the bushes and bark on trail. These two young dogs treed a cougar when seven months old and stayed with him all night.
H. M.
in
LEIGHTON.
The following estimate by a big game hunter of experience the use of Hounds and Airedales gives much valuable infor-
mation regarding their practical use:

Scotia, California, December 28, 1912. Dear Sir: You ask me how Airedales compare to hounds in hunting big game? I have become very much interested in the Airedale breed as a serviceable and utility dog. I am not interested in the bench shows.
I
to find in a
man
bear
find all of the qualities in the Airedale that man can wish dumb friend; I use them for any purpose that a can use a dog, though chiefly as a hunting dog. On
I use three Airedales and one hound, and I have never yet had them whipped out, and I have never had one get away, only where they ran out of hearing and got lost from me. In such cases they generally stay out about two days. The hound is no benefit to the Airedales only in trailing. The Airedale is not fond of trailing and only his love for the fight makes him a trailer. They soon learn to have confidence in the hound's superior trailing qualities and soon learn to trail, but will not follow as persistently without the hound as with him; they have a splendid nose, equally as good as the average bred hound. They want to fight and are most scientific in their fighting methods. They never cross one another when fighting bear, generally coining in from opposite directions. When a bear turns and pursues, the dog on the opposite side soon attracts the bear's attention; when he turns to pursue that one, another snaps him. This kind of fighting never lasts but a few minutes until Mr. Bruin is ready to climb the first tree he can get to, and he will not back down at the approach of the hunter, as is often the case with other dogs. The Airedale's wonderful action and gameness make him the best close fighter on bear of any of the canine family by a large percentage. On the other hand, with hounds (I have run them for 15 years) you have the trailing qualities but not the fighting abilities, and most of the bear that tree are treed by the noise, and very often back down at the approach of the hunter, scaring the hounds away from the foot of the tree and making another
AIREDALES
VS.
HOUNDS
129
130
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Jump
a big fat one and very likely you out, for they are not game fighters and have neither the action nor the scientific methods of fighting that the Airedale has. If a bear stops on the ground the hounds will approach him, crowding side by side; sometimes one, a little bolder than the others, in front. If the bear chases him he will turn to run and, always looking back over his shoulder, as a result he runs against brush (for these battles generally take place in the worst jungles that are to be found
probably long run.

get your
hounds whipped
in
a mile square) and get caught.
The others have not the
instinct nor the close-fighting qualities to get in and give him immediate relief. If the hound succeeds in getting loose it is a safe bet that he will never get close enough to get caught again. The finer bred your hounds are, the more is this the case. I prefer the medium-size Airedale for the hunting pack. In fact my two best are a little under size, Model II (35 lbs.) and Bull Creek Marvel (33 lbs.)). Their small size adds to their action and they are not handicapped in the heavy sallal brush as the large dogs are. They require little training, just give them plenty of work and they will figure it out the best way themselves. I generally start the young dogs with a hound running coon when they are about ten months old, though Lake-Dell King and Lake-Dell Model fought a bear for seven hours alone when they were ten months old; they have been known to stay on trail and at tree for 27 hours. Some give tongue when trailing and some do not. Marvel is an excellent tonguer and tree barker, though hardly loud enough to enable one to follow well in a rough country. If they have plenty of work with an experienced pack they will do to put in any kind of work at from 20 to 24 months old. I have one that I use as a slow trailer on deer and as a bird dog; as a slow trailer she can't be beat, and I have never had any narrow escapes or even been in any great danger from wounded deer, but if such should happen, I ask no better assistance for immediate relief than my Airedale; on quail she finds live, crippled and dead birds almost as well as a setter, and retrieves equally well. My next neighbor has one which I sold him a year ago; he used her for retrieving duck this winter and she Another neighbor has one of the same did admirably well. litter which he has used exclusively on quail and it is cerI also know of tainly a great satisfaction to shoot over her. them being used as stock dogs and doing their work admirably, and easily controlled; and for wild hogs (there are a few in As this country), and they are almost as dangerous as bear. a hunting dog I can certainly vouch for the Airedale, for I have tried almost every breed; though I strongly advise runTHOS. C. CRAIG. ning them with hounds.
Prefers Airedales to Hounds.

In regard to my opinion of Airedales Mr. R. M. Palmer: will say that I started hunting November 1st with During that time 1 eight Airedales and finished May 20th. caught eight bear, four lions, thirty-two cats and seventeen
vs.
Hounds
AIREDALES
VS.
HOUNDS
131
coons, and had the dogs, much to my sorrow, catch five porcupines on the ground. Four of the bears were small ones. I shot their lower jaws off, shoved them out of the trees and let the dogs kill them. All of the cats and coons treed and we made them jump out and the pack soon finished them. I never lost one animal that the dogs had a fair chance after. My best dogs will pick up a varmint's track five or six hours old and run it to a finish. I don't care for hounds as this is a very rough country and most of my hunting is done on the slopes of Mount Shasta in immense lava beds. A hound picks up a track that is sometimes a day old and he soon gets out of hearing as you are unable to keep up and it is only a chance if you ever find them; also with a good many bears, I have found that a hound would run them all right but when he got up he would stand off and only bark, and the bear would keep on traveling, and if I was unable to head him off and get in a shot it got away. With the Airedales, when they get up, they either make him tree or stop him or get killed trying. Probably there are lots of hounds that are fighters but I have never found one that suited me. Very truly yours, A. P. DEACON.
The Airedale as one of the most wonderful trailing breeds has come to stay and is destined to "breed on." His constant use is bound to still further develop his proficiency to even a more acceptable and remarkable degree, for it is but a comparatively limited number of years that he has been used to any extent by North American big game hunters. Previous to his advent all had been, off and on, trying to cross hounds with terriers to get such a dog as the Airedale is, but now with the established breed perfected for their use, possessing such dependable characteristics, the next decade or two will find them the best known big game hunting dog in the world, and, I repeat, "they have come to stay," and are within the reach and use of one and all.
132
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
CHAPTER
XI.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SPORT

Airedales, Useful in Hunting.
When
the growing puppy
has been thoroughly yard-
broken he is ready to be guided and coached for his future use in the pursuit of sport. He should be absoobedient to lutely the customary commands of "Down," "Heel Up," and "Get Away," for after one
gets well into any further development with him there is no time or fit oc'Pals'
to begin with the rudiments of the individ-
casion
ual's education already described in Chapter VII, and the obedience to these commands is always necessary to properly control Airedales when in number in the hunting fields. If one is to use the Airedale for sport with the shotgun, on upland game, or on water fowl, the sooner the youngster The disposition to is interested in game bird life the better. chase all birds is in the Airedale, and the puppy should be
given his full liberty at
this.
It will
not be long before he
detects the difference between the scent of a game bird and others. When he is seen to be following scent, begin to caution him and by talking to him quietly and maybe teaching him to stop at the word "whoa," the Airedale will soon be found to be excellent material to work upon in this direction. Training a dog to work satisfactorily to the gun is an easy matter if one is adept in handling a dog's particular tempera-
ment.
The Airedale has such a good nose that if steadily acto hunting feathered game most satisfactorily results can be attained in making him a dependable game dog. He will stop on scent of close lying birds, and by exercising control over him can be used in snipe, quail or pheasant shooting to
customed
advantage. Mr. H. W. Esselstyn, a gentleman of extended experience in handling and developing hunting dogs, particularly pointers and setters, writes the following regarding his observations and experience with the Airedale:
much

134
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
"Dear Sir: I have owned a good many dogs. Some were good in one line of work and some in another. When I located on my Washington poultry ranch I decided to try out one of the 'wonderful all-around dogs,' that I had heard and read so much about the Airedale. 1 thought that some one was drawing a pretty long bow. But I found that the Airedale more than made good; with me it is once an Airedale, always an Airedale. As a water retriever they have no peer. On upland birds they require but very little training, as they love the work. They have a wonderful nose and I think an Airedale, with the same training that a setter or pointer receives, would hold his own. They are not extremely wide rangers. A wide ranger is all right in field trials, but would be useless in the country we have to work in on Puget Sound. I do not
think that the straight force method would work as well with the Airedale as a combination of natural and force system. The Airedale is so intelligent and so very anxious and willing to learn that I think the best results can be obtained by using the spike collar only as a last resort, when the dog refuses to obey an order you are sure he knows the meaning of. I was afraid the Terrier blood in the Airedale would give him a hard mouth in retrieving upland birds, but such is not the case. To ilustrate what an easy mouth they can use: Some time ago my dog, 'Lake-Dell Leader,' came on the run from the far end of my place. By his actions I knew that he had something in his mouth that he wanted to give me. I reached out my hand, and he very carefully put an egg in my hand, then started back, and took me to where one of my high-flying White Leghorns had gone over the fence and stolen her nest. There were six eggs left in the nest. Since that time I always take Leader when I go through the yards, telling him to look for eggs. He works carefully back and forth in the ferns in the back of the yards and has retrieved many an egg, and has yet to crack the first one. On quail that he has retrieved for me, he hardly disturbed a feather. Anyone who has seen an Airedale at work on big game knows he has no equal. One thing I have noticed about an Airedale is that they seem to be so pleased and interested when given some work that is to be their work driving stock, work with the chickens, carrying mail from the mail-box, anything that is their particular job and the more work they have the better they like it. To sum it all up, the Airedale with half a show- will do the work of any kind of
dog, and
make
good in any place."
Gunshyness,
How
Avoided and Cured.
Young dogs should not be frightened by the discharge of firearms near them and never be shot over until first accustomed in a proper way to the gun. Many an otherwise splendid prospect has been ruined by the ignorance and shortsightedness of an owner in making a mistake in the beginning. No matter how sensitive an individual disposition you have to deal with, even of the really timid sort, if one starts right with
Airedales
(1)
Working on Wild Ducks
Deacon sending- one of his Airedales after wounded duck near Willows, California. (2) "Stormy Weather" retrieving- from Quill Lake, Canada.
Dr. A.
P.
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ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
the gun problem you are bound to succeed. But taking a timid puppy to the traps and having him scared to death by the cannonading of the firearms, or shooting off guns about his kennel home, when his attention is not diverted by an interest in something to his liking, is in effect the same as a deliberate plan of making a young dog needlessly gunshy, though some there are that will withstand even this heroic treatment and come out of it with heedless courage. The one underlying principle that must be thoroughly kept in mind to accustom a young dog to the sound of the discharge of firearms, is to be certain that the young dog is intently interested in the object of the sport, such as bird life and its chasing, or animal life and the excitement of its trailing or treeing. When the young dog is thoroughly imbued with the excitement of its nature in pursuing game in this manner, then, and only then, is the The surprise right time to first fire a gun over or near him. is then completely absorbed in the mental excitement over the game, and your dog associates the explosion as being connected with his own mental interest in game life. This ethical view of accustoming a young dog to firearms is the underlying principle involved in all theories upon this subject, which are numerous. Once understood, it is easy to see that its success is always assured. Curing gunshyness in a dog that has been started off wrong is a much more difficult task than avoiding its occurrence. There is but one humane and successful method for its accomplishment, and that is the one suggested herein. Get your subject thoroughly interested in a mental way in the excitement of some game, and then use the gun, moderately at first, and if discretion and patience is used the result is certain. The author once had a seemingly hopeless gunshy setter. After studying the case a great deal, the above system was alone responsible for his complete cure. An Airedale is just as much subject to gunshyness as any other breed if improperly introduced to the sound of the gun. Make this start correctly and there will be no trouble thereafter.
Retrieving.
Whatever game the Airedale is to be used on under the shotgun, retrieving is essentially a dependence that the breed naturally inclines toward. In beginning the education of an Airedale that is to be used in retrieving, the principles outlined A roll of cloth, in Chapter VII should be followed rigidly. rolled hard, about the size of a game bird, is the best thing to use for yard training to retrieve. A ball is objectionable, as too hard, or, if soft the dog is inclined to squeeze the object brought. Playful retrieving is a good enough beginning but the required obedience to command FETCH should be insisted upon. In perfecting this, there is but one dependable method to adopt, and that is a partial force system, by which is meant
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
137
one that need not necessarily administer pain as penalty for refusal but yet one in which the insistence on obedience to command is demanded and secured. If the dog in question is so fully imbued with the wish to retrieve that there is no tendency to refuse, there need be no force tactics, and this is the case with almost all Airedales. In the case of some more stubborn temperaments, or those who wish to obey only when
so inclined, the following method will outline the best means of exacting implicit obedience in the matter of making a forced retriever, such that no matter where the command is given it will be obeyed, as having compulsion associated with it by early teaching.
Daily Lessons.
Have a regular time each day, not longer in duration than twenty minutes or half an hour. The dog is always handled with a lead. The left hand handles the mouth; always stand on the right side of the dog, facing in the same direction the Holding roll in right hand, give the command dog does. FETCH. (The pupil will not heed the command.) Then, with the left hand force open the mouth quickly and insert the cloth After enforcing the holding roll, repeating the word HOLD. Praise of the cloth roll, release the roll on command GIVE. the effort and repeat many times, rewarding the progress made with a tid-bit. By easy and patient stages of progress the cloth is gradually held a bit farther away from the muzzle until the pupil reaches for it, on command FETCH, each time, and holds until told to GIVE. Extending this reaching inclination down toward the floor and finally from off the palm of hand rested on floor, the pupil will quickly FETCH the roll off the ground, and bring it for delivery (always as yet on lead). Liberty allowed in perfecting a forced retriever is impossible at this stage, for the first time you meet with a refusal to obey, it is necessary to return to the beginning, and by easy stages force by pinching the lips a bit in enforcement of the opening Intimidating the pupil is not desired or necessary. of mouth. Simple sternness, careful handling, and plenty of praise and reward for successful efforts will bring the results, but disobedience to command should not be permitted at any stage, for this absolute requirement of instant obedience to command is the underlying secret of the success of the entire system, which from custom eventually becomes a reliance that makes the sort of retriever that never refuses to FETCH when told. As soon as the pupil will FETCH promptly the length of the lead, begin to steadily increase the distance (at liberty now), and from having made the lessons a daily fixture and continuing them even after the pupil is most dependable in his performances, results of the desired kind will be attained. Interesting a young dog to "seek bird" at command, by the use
138
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

is
of nose to find hidden objects development.
another valuable aid in his
Lost Duck.
The writer once had an amusing experience with a dog that he had educated on this system of forced retrieving, which is but one of many incidents to show that a brainy dog at times has more good sense and judgment than his master. It was after a morning's flight of ducks on the marshes of the Sumas Prairie had subsided, and the subject of conversation with a companion hunter was forced retrieving and its advantages. My companion suddenly remembered a duck lost in the middle of a pond-hole a week previously which had not been retrieved, as his dog would not go out for it. There was nothing to do but to prove the theory in practice, There so both of us repaired to the locality of the lost duck. it was, out in the middle, quietly resting upon the placid water. To get the trained forced retriever to go out to it, something was thrown out toward its vicinity and the command FETCH given. Instantly the dog went out, but had hardly approached the spot when he turned in his wake and returned to shore. The laugh was immediately on dog and the writer. Had the dog been a "pleasure retriever" only, the incident would have necessarily ended then and there. The pupil had, however, been thoroughly well grounded in his lessons and knew that a positive refusal was not to be permitted, so another trial was given the dog. This time, the writer gave the command FETCH and watched progress from the shore. When the dog came within a few feet of the duck, he turned and looked at his master with an expression of the eyes almost saying, "If you really want it I will bring it in"; whereupon, with the order repeated, the dog reach for and took the tip end of one wing in his mouth and literally towed it to shore, but before the shore was reached the stench from the carcass was enough to drive away all personal interest in its possession. The laugh was then promptly upon the other fellow, and there was no room to further doubt the ethics of forced retrieving or the ability of this particular retriever.
Preparation for Vermin Killing and Big Game Hunting. Another sphere for the usefulness of the Airedale and essentially one for which he is perfectly qualified is vermin killing and big game hunting. The principle involved in successfully perfecting his development in these is beginning slowly with a puppy and never advancing one's expectations beyond the dog's capabilities. A good plan is to give a puppy,
three or four months old, rats to kill and become much interested in. Confine them in a tight room, at first, until the youngster becomes accomplished and quick in the work of Next, encourage the chasing of stray killing with despatch.
139
Illustration
Black Bear Treed by Airedales shows the eager gameness displayed by Airedales
in
forcing a captive bear to seek safety in climbing tree.
140
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
and treeing them. If coons are to be found, it is a good plan to take a young dog, when past six months old, out with some experienced coon dog and give him the experience of a hunt. Don't expect much heavy work in killing, until an Airedale is past a year old. A puppy that has been accustomed to vermin killing during the first year of its life takes readily to hunting big game, when old enough, and most any green and inexperienced Airedale when not too far advanced in age has an inherent fondness to get out and hunt vigorously when near the haunts of game, especially if in the company of older and experienced dogs at first. The writer has always made a practice of sending a young dog, when almost a year old, that was to be fitted for big game hunting, off for one season of steady hunting with some good hunter who has experienced dogs and let his practical experiences be his education in this particular sport. There may be some little danger at first if young dogs are inclined to be a bit too courageous and at times when working on bear for their first time they get in too close and get bad cuffs Which tears them up a bit but rarely ever fatally. In company with other dogs there is but little
cats
risk.
The Airedale's cleverness in keeping out of harm's way is most exceptional, and in this respect they excel any other breed of hunting dogs, and no breed possesses such unfailing and ever present courage in dexterously handling most difficult emergencies, encountered particularly in bear hunting, and many a present day hunter owes his life to the courage of his Airedales, when other dogs in his pack weaken; their deadgame faithfulness in sticking by and diverting an infuriated bear that has a hunter in a bad pocket being today probably the strongest asset of the Airedale as a breed for hunting work.
Pulling Porcupine Quills from Dogs.
Inasmuch as those who hunt Airedales where porcupines abound are at first bothered with their dogs killing them and getting the quills badly into face and mouth, the helpful advice of an experienced hunter will assist many in being
properly prepared to help out in such a contingency. Mr. C. Cobb, taxidermist of Kalispell, Montana, recommends the following: Carry in your hip pocket a half-pint flask of acid vinegar and a pair of five-inch flat-nosed pliers. Pour the vinegar over the nose and mouth, where the quills are. The vinegar will soak down the quill and immediately stop the quill from working in any farther, also causing the quill to release its hold and thus be pulled out very easily. The acid in the vinegar seems to soften the quills. A dog should be choked down and held during the operation, which once experienced they submit to without much resistance.

Females Compared to Males.
141
The question is often asked, "Is the female as capable in hunting as the male?" The reply is unquestionably that the female Airedale is fully as capable, if not more so, than the male in every test of courage and gameness, and trailing of big game. The females in all breeds seem to by nature have a most dependable hunting am'bition, and in actual combat are most fearless when aroused. The breeding season of a female is an annoyance when in company with other dogs, especially when conditions are not convenient for her care, as in mountain life. For companionship and personal use in occasional hunting, the female is much the preferable to own, but for the regular hunting pack the males are better adapted and give the
most satisfactory
results.
Hunting Methods Used.
Some work the Airedale always within reach on stillhunting and slow-trailing methods, but the majority of big game hunters who use Airedales, accustom them to a free and wide liberty of range, depending on their barking when on trail to determine their whereabouts, and as in all big game hunting, trailing-bark is readily distinguishable from the bark when game is at bay or treed. This method seems to be destined to be the accepted one, especially for covering lots
of territory.
How
to
"Pack" a Hunting Dog.
Airedales are readily trained to carry a "pack" in hunting trips through timber and mountainous regions, and when not overloaded their natural great strength is in this manner put to valuable use when pack horses are not available. Ten miles a day over rough country is a fair daily average. A 40-pound dog carries 15 pounds, a 65-pound dog 20 pounds and an 80pound dog 30 pounds all day without fatigue. The "pack" should not be bulky, preferably feed. Divide the material carried into two equal parts and put same into small (flour) sacks. Put these into an ordinary jute feed sack, tying the open end. In the middle, three or four inches from one edge, cut a hole large enough to slip over the dog's head. When put on tie the ends beneath the chest.
Coupling Dogs.
When coupling dogs together in timbered sections, do not use chain couplings, but good stout cord, for the reason that at times dogs will start on fresh scent when coupled and get fast in some tangle while lost. If tied with rope, they will gnaw it until free and thus return to camp.
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ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Mr.
1*.
orites,
Bawden, with three of his favSwale Lady, Caerphilly Betty
and Caerphilly Heroine.
CHAPTER
THE AIREDALE
By Mr.
XII.
IN CANADA.
ex-
P. Bawden, Ridgetown, Ontario, Director and President Canadian Kennel Club, and Owner of the Caerphilly Kennels.
The history of the Airedale in Canada goes hack to about 1900 and I have it on good authority that the first of the breed imported into Canada was through one of the Hendries of Hamilton. The first breeder to take up Airedales to any extent was the late C. W. Lauren, Esq., of Montreal, who imported many well known English winners and the success of the breed in Canada owes much to his enterprise. Among many of the good ones he imported might be mentioned the Champions Master Royal, Mistress Royal, Tone Masterpiece and Rockley Oorang. Mr. McKey, of Hamilton, was also one of the pioneer fanciers of the breed. Mr. S. Black, of Toronto, for some years was an extensive breeder and did some winning. Mr. J. W. Bain, of Toronto, president of the Canadian Airedale Club, has owned many good ones, Champion Culmington Nettle being prominent among them, a bitch that was shown against all comers without defeat. Mr. Bain became one of our best amateur judges. The Caerphilly Kennel started in 1906 with a Floriform bitch and has steadily increased its
144
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
breeding stock, owning numerous winners and importations of note. The noted sire Caerphilly Marvel brought much favorable publicity to this kennel, ending his career in 1916 at eleven years of age: He left a record to be proud of: His progeny are known from coast to coast: He sired the best Canadian-bred dog puppy at Toronto, also, Marvel's Double, the big winner at Detroit Auto Show in April, 1916, securing many special prizes, among them cup for best in show. Marvel's Double was sold for $250 to Mr. Kenny of Detroit.
During 1915 and 1916 a great deal of improvement was in this popular breed in Canada and many good dogs have sprung up and while all are not prize winners, they are a great improvement on the dogs formerly shown, and it is an exception to see a really poor specimen at our shows. It looks promising for the future, as breeders are paying more attention to the bitch end of the game. Formerly anything that was an Airedale was mated to some well-known stud dog, with the result that there were many indifferent specimens thrown on the public, and soft coats and light eyes were
made
prominent.
So much has been written on the origin of the Airedale that the writer refrains from enlarging on what has been written, but it may not be out of place to quote from one of the best authorities of the old school, "Stonehenge," in his "Dogs of the British Isles": He states one of the first of the breed to receive recognition was the bitch Fracture, owned by Judge L. P. C. Astley in 1885, and at that time the best of her breed. This bitch, according to Stonehenge, is spoken of as having a good nose, very fond of water, and possessing a fair amount of intelligence, good on rats and rabbits. He states that it is almost impossible to trace the origin of the breed to any particular source, except that it is "generally
admitted" to be a mixture of Scottish, Dandie, Bedlington and Bull terrier crosses mixed with Otterhound. Mr. Norman Mackenzie, of Regina, is about the most enthusiastic Airedaler we have, his importation, King Nobblers Double, having now become both American and Canadian Champion during the last year of fearless showing, meeting the best and coming out with a few exceptions on the top of the heap. Another good one Mr. Mackenzie has is his latest
importation, International a well-balanced terrier.
Champion Polam Maxim, considered
A dog that was much admired during 1915 was Morning Admiration, owned by E. W. Bellinger, of Toronto. This dog was easily the best Canadian-bred dog out and also did very well at New York. Had he a bit more size, experts say, he would have topped the lot. The usual number of new breeders spring up each year; starting out with a cheap bitch, mated to
THE AIREDALE
IN
CANADA
145
some well-known stud dog, they consider themselves
full-
fledged Airedalers, but their term is usually short-lived, as the public prefer to pay a fair price for a good specimen, with the result that the best breeders still find a steady demand
for their offerings.
In the past two or three years new breeders who have bein getting hold of good specimens, can be mentioned, Jos. Russell, M. P. P., Toronto, Fred J. Blake, Almonte, Ont., Gordon Higbee, Fonthill, Ont., P. R. Hilborn, Preston, Ont. There are a number of others in Canada, too,
come prominent
"Birchcliffe Selected"
An
excellent natural prize winner at New
York Show. Owned by Mr. Bawden, Ridgetown, Canada
photograph of a typical Airedale, a
first
but these gentlemen have gone to considerable expense in importing bitches, in whelp to noted sires, besides bringing out other stock which will help considerably to improve the Airedale in Canada. Mr. Walter Berwick, of Shelburne, Ont., owner of the Dufferin Kennels, has done much for the breed. It would Dean oversight to close this article without mentioning Lieut.Col. Ussher, late of Toronto. He was the breeder and owner of Champion Graystone Growler and other good ones. Col. Ruttan, of Port Arthur, Ont., went in strong for the Caerphilly strain and showed with much success. The Canadian West is favored in having many Airedale enthusiasts. British Columbia is full of them, with McConnell of Vancouver breeding good ones each season. Mr. Geo. Gillespie of Victoria started in well with some notable importations from the Clonmel Kennels over a decade ago, and other younger breeders are keeping the breed to the front, particularly Mrs. A. L. Brownlie, Victoria, owner of Capilano Chinook, and A. E. Grant, South Vancouver, owner of the winner at several shows, Champion Killarney Marion.
146
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
It is quite evident that the Airedale is the most popular breed in Canada today and is destined to remain so, as long as its breeders keep the practical usefulness of the breed intact and also keep pace with the rapid advance in perfection of individual type, which only careful study and most successful matings can produce.
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
There is no other breed that is destined to have so much written concerning it as the Airedale, for its use in so many varied callings in life constantly brings before the public tales of the cleverness of the breed. The oft-discussed question, does a dog "think"? is amply answered in many experiences with Airedales, for the Airedale is most certainly "a dog that thinks." The following anecdotes are duly accredited experiences mostly within the acquaintance of the author, and some of them have been published previously in the journals mentioned, with articles furnished by the author. They are of interest to all fanciers of the breed, as illustrating in some special manner the successful use of the breed, whether in big-game hunting or its cleverness shown in odd experiences. In
article
is
an
illustrated
Recreation
(March,
first
was the
article on "The Working Airedale" in 1908) compiled by the author, which of its kind to be published, the following
of interest:
Field Sport
With an
Airedale.
"One of the first imported Airedales to prove himself a fine working dog in the West was Waterside Wizard, and the
blood of this dog is prominent in many of the best working Airedales in the West today. J. A. Kerr relates how he found this dog Wizard capable of remarkably intelligent work in field shooting. He hunted over this dog for a number of days and speaks of his great accuracy in trailing grey squirrels and locating them positively in tall trees. This dog was also trained on quail and he would hunt a hedge row or stubble so well and fast, locating the birds cautiously when they were near him, that he was nearly the equal of a setter. Wizard excelled as a retriever and his get shows this strong characteristic."
Hunting Big Game
in California.
of the following anecdotes, was a June, 1904, puppy and for the first twenty months of his life was a family pet and child's playmate, an undersized Airedale, weighing less than 40 pounds, by Timrock ex. Lady Marvel. In February, 1906, he was sent to J. W. Gregg, a biggame hunter, in the Shasta Mountain region of California. Mr. Gregg had for years hunted with a pack of cross-bred hounds, and long wished for a terrier that could not only kill in single
Rough Rock, the hero
148
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
combat anything of reasonable size, but one that would tree and "stay with" at bay large game, and also a dog possessing enough nose to trail independent of the hounds. His experience with this, his first Airedale, is noteworthy as exhibiting
the merits of the breed.
"Mr. R. M. Palmer: I received Rough Rock in due time and must say he is the greatest piece of dog flesh I have ever run across. "His first work was to hunt gophers in the alfalfa fields. Then I caught a full-grown coyote in a steel trap, and I liberated his foot and put him into a 50-pound apple box, and unbeknown to Rough Rock placed the box out in the alfalfa field, where Roughy went each morning to hunt gophers. Then I climbed up into my barn where I could see the fun. He dug gophers a short time before he smelled the coyote, and the way he flew at that box was not slow, and he soon had the box torn open and pulled the coyote out, and such a fight I never saw before. First one on top and then the other. Not a sound was made, only the hurried breathing to tell one that it was a life and death struggle. Once the coyote tore loose and made a dash for liberty, but the pi' ;> soon caught him by the ham, and again they were locked in a death struggle, and in a few minutes Roughy had his first coyote killed. He stood and looked at it a minute, then trotted off to a ditch, took a drink and took one more look at the coyote and went back to his work digging
out gophers.
"I have had him out on only one hunt. We were out three days and killed one cougar, two bears (one black and
one brown) and one fisher. Roughy ran from start to finish ahead of the hounds, barked at the tree and fought as hard as he could. I notice that he can climb over rocks that the pack has to go around. He never has time to play with the young hounds, but tries to get them to hunt with him. I saw him bring them a squirrel today that he had worked at least an hour to dig out. He delights to help drive the cattle and always wants to help with wild horses, or when branding calves. He is all attention at all times. I never saw a dog that wanted to work or tried to help as he does."
"Yesterday I was moving cattle, Also Mr. Gregg writes: had a collie pup and Rough Rock with me. The shepherd pup saw a coyote and ran it over a ridge, but soon came back hunting me, the coyote chasing him. Rough came up just in time and joined the chase. The coyote was enjoying himself too much to notice Roughy coming like an avenging angel to the rescue of the pup, and before the coyote was aware of his presence Roughy had him by the ham. The motions of the pair in the mix-up that followed were so rapid that one could
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
149
hardly tell coyote from dog, but soon Roughy had him by the throat and hung there until the coyote was dead." (We often hear the inquiry, can an Airedale kill a coyote without the This is only one of numerous inassistance of other dogs? stances of its being done within my acquaintance. If the coyote is caught there is no question about an Airedale doing the killing, but they are not so easily caught except by the use of speedy dogs to outrun or turn them.) Mr. Gregg further writes:
"Since
ences.
I
He
wrote you helped to
last,
kill
six bears,
Rough Rock has had varied experisome of them he treed
alone before the hounds caught up with him, as he outruns all tbe other dogs, either on a cold or a hot trail, and the rougher the ground the farther he is ahead. He is the most reckless devil I ever saw. I have seen him swing onto the ribs of a bear on a down-hill run and it did not seem to me that his feet touched the ground once in ten yards. I have seen small bears cuff him and roll him ten feet, but he was back again, fighting like a demon. About two weeks ago I was out on the range. Rough Rock
was with me. On my return home I missed him, so I took some of the other dogs and went back to where I last saw him. By careful work I found where he had been following a coon track and the other dogs finally gathered around a big oak. I dug a hole near the ground and could hear Roughy barking inside. I dug out a lot of rotten wood and then a big dead coon, which had completely stopped the hole As soon as the hole up, so that the dog could not get out. was opened he came out and I then pulled out two more dead He must have had a 'hot coons, both full grown females.
time.'
children were out riding today, looking over the and Roughy was along. They heard him barking in a clump of oaks and found he had a lynx (California bay-lynx) When it jumped out of the tree Roughy atin a small oak. tacked it. After a hard fight, Roughy killed it alone and the children tied a halter rope to it and dragged it home. "November, 1907. I have had a week of successful hunting in which Rough Rock has cut a conspicuous figure. In our first kill, my 'start dog' was caught by the bear and badly crippled, so I had to depend on Rough Rock altogether as a starter, and he proved himself a No. 1 start dog. He has stayed under a tree for two days and nights, keeping the bear up the tree. He has treed two bears and one mountain lion alone in the past week. He would rather tree lynx than eat, and at a guess, would say that he has treed twenty in the last Show him once and he remembers. He is persix months. fectly broken off of deer, will sometimes stop and look at
cattle,
"My two

150
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
them, but never runs them. At night when I pick up the milk buckets he is off for the cows and drives them up slowly, and no matter where I am, he is always on hand ready to help." J. W. Gregg, Gazelle, California.
Hunting
in
Washington.
In the pursuit of big game in the State of Washington, experiences with the Airedale are similar. Mr. A. E. McSorley, formerly of Elma, has hunted the Airedale much in company with hounds. He writes: "I killed two wildcats yesterday and enjoyed a fine chase. had three Airedales and three hounds and I tell you we had some fine music. * * * Last week we took Ruler out with a couple of hounds after a big bear. They gave him a hot chase all day, in and out of hearing, but the timber and brush was so dense we could not get near enough for a shot. Night coming on, we had to go home without the dogs. The next afternoon a farmer came to town with the hounds. He had heard the dogs baying and barking in the woods near his place, and went out there and killed the bear they had kept treed all night. He had attempted to skin the bear, but the Airedale would not let him touch it. I hitched up my rig and drove out with him five miles and found Ruler a mighty glad dog to see me and be released from his vigil.
We
trailed a bob-cat the other day for several Hearing them making toward the head of the gulch, I took Lady Marvel with me and crossed to where the cat would have to come and no sooner got there than Marvel saw it coming along a wind-fall and she closed in with it at once and after a hard fight killed it alone. As the other dogs came up trailing, I held them, to see if she could make the kill herself, which she certainly did with utmost gameness."
"The dogs
hours.
Lady Marvel
An
old-timer, a
winner
in 1903
and a real sporting Airedale.
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
A Household
Assistant.
151
Mr. J. E. Zeiner, of Asotin, Wash., believes in an Airedale doing his full share of the family household duties and on wash-day the services of his "Rastus" are employed in running the washing machine, which duty he performs with ready
willingness.
Rastus Helping the Family on Wash-day

Airedale as a Life-saver. Current press reports relate the following incident as ^"curring in Dayton, Ohio: A littJo girl had become lost from her mother in the city's crowded streets, but was accompanied When by an Airedale, carrying a bundle in his mouth. crossing a crowded street, an automobile came whizzing by. The Airedale grasped the child's dr^ss and pulled her out of danger, but the machine struck the dog and sent him spinning The dog soon regained hi3 feet and trotted into the street. It was afterwards learned limpingly along with his ward. that the dog was owned by C J. Bulpin, a well known Airedale Although the dog was considerably fancier of that city. shaken up by his collision with the auto, his injuries were not The dog was Wachusett Flashlight, and Mr. Bulpin sorious. states that on two occasions this dog has rescued children from drowning.
An
How
L. R.
"Rags" Handled the Boar. Colt, of Lakeside, Washington, has had a number
on his Chelan ranch. He states that they have actually cleaned his large place up so thoroughly in exterminating vermin that there is nothing left save his poultry
of Airedales
152
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
stock. Not long since he was entertaining a visiting delegation from the State Agricultural College, and as the visitors wished to inspect his hogs, they adjourned to the barns, accompanied by the "monarch of all he surveys," Mr. Colt's Airedale, "Rags." After looking over the choice porkers, the stall of a bear was opened and the big fellow inspected and admired. Being of the vicious sort, the old boar was not encouraged to make friends and on leaving his quarters, the stall gate was left open by mistake. It was but a minute before the big fellow was charging all occupants of the stables and had things flying about lively. It seemed impossible to control him, when without a word of command or direction up came the Airedale, Rags, and, comprehending the situation at a glance, he closed in on the boar, took him firmly by one ear and most vigorously led him back to
and
The boar seemed conquered at once and became most amenable to his new master. All remarked on the
his stall.
sagacity of the Airedale in this feat of cleverness.
Manners
at
Meal Times, Etc.
R. R. Upper, of Orillia, Wash., tells us that his Airedale, Lake-Dell Peggy, besides other clever stunts, has one of daily occurrence, which is this: At milking time she goes at once and hunts up her feed pan, bringing it in her mouth, holding it by the rim, and waits patiently by while the cows are milked, when she places her pan beside the full pail and silently asks for her portion, which, of course, she never fails to get. Among other amusing habits on the ranch this same Airedale, Peggy, has cultivated, is her dexterity in catching field moles: As a puppy after many failures to dig them out, she of her own "thinking" decided on a plan, which was this: Coming to a fresh mole mound, she would stealthily watch it, like a cat watching a mouse hole, and the instant the dirt mound was seen to move a little, she would spring and grab, dirt pile and all, and in this way caught the mole, too. A ranch dog like Peggy likes to exhibit her knowledge of new finds. One day she went out to the plowman in the field and carefully laid an egg down on the ground near him, and seemed much excited over the incident. It being almost lunch time, he took the egg and followed her lead back some distance to the barn, where in great excitement Peggy led him to a newly discovered stolen nest with a large number of eggs in it, from which she had taken the one to exhibit her find.
An
Airedale Better
Than a Gun.
Several years ago the author when calling upon Mr. Harry W. Lacy, in Boston, who is today recognized as a leading judge of national reputation and a firm friend of the Airedale, asked Mr. Lacy what he thought of the breed. His reply was
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
brief, in that
153
with his affliction (deafness) ) "he would rather have an Airedale at his heels when among strangers than any
other breed of dogs."
Illustrative of this deep-seated disposition of always being
ready to guard the person of his master, Mr.

writes:
W.
B.
Bailey
"I was taking a puppy I had sold, on chain Thursday night, Jan. 6, 1911, about 9 o'clock, from my place to the Northern Pacific depot, to ship her to her new owner. The route was on the railroad tracks through the yards about a mile and a
I had passed one fellow, who turned and followed me. did not like his looks, I hurried on and had not gone more than fifty yards, when the pup (only seven months old) started It was pitch-dark. to growl. I could see nothing, but presently a fellow came up out of the ditch and ordered me to 'throw up your hands.' Just then the dog made a leap at him. From I let go the chain and yelled 'Get him, Jess!' and ran. the fact that he did not take a shot at me or the dog, I am of the opinion that the dog gave him so much to think of so However that may have suddenly, that he lost his nerve. been, the Airedale saved my watch and a few dollars. Score one more for the Airedale. If this had been the old dog, I would not have been surprised, as he is certainly 'some dog,' but it was out of common for a seven-month-old pup."
half.
As
An
Airedale to Guard Chicks.
have all heard of the faithful sheep dog, and his brainy methods employed to keep his flock moving to his satisfaction, but here is one for an Airedale (Lake-Dell Racket), who, when farmed out for a season, of her own accord immediately took much interest in the rancher's flock of poultry. He soon noticed her driving them away from forbidden territory in a garden spot and when the little chicks insisted on getting out of the yard, she would take them up tenderly and free them at the place of their escape and see that they went back again. One day the rancher had been away and on his return he could see Racket very busy with the poultry. The gate of the corral had been left open, and the whole flock seemed possessed to get out, much to her annoyance. He was so much amused with her guardianship that he sat down on a log on the side hill and watched the performance. After several failures, she finally drove them all into their yard, and then, in order to keep them there, lay down directly across the entrance and drove back every transgressor, until on his return the closed gate put an end to the necessity of her watchfulness, much to her delight.
We
154
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Discriminating. Mr. N. C. Westerfield, of Oregon City, relates a story about his Airedale, Governor Kibby, displaying such watchfulness over his poultry yards that whenever one of the White Leghorns would fly into the Buff Rock yards, he would make the offense known in no unmistakable manner to the household and, on being taken to the yard, drive the offender out.
As a Detective. The following
clipping from the American Stockkeeper (Boston) shows that in Europe the trailing instincts of the Airedale have been developed to a remarkable degree by consistent use and education, to-wit: "A writer in the Paris Herald, in writing of the Berlin police dogs, speaks of the breeds selected for this work being the German Sheepdogs, Airedale Terriers and Doberman Pinschers. Major Klein handles this branch of the 'polizei' service, and in mentioning incidents of their usefulness, has the following anecdote to relate of the Airedale Frika: 'One of her cleverest accomplishments was the finding of a chest which had contained papers worth 60,000 marks, stolen from the Osterode residence of a Berlin merchant. After having the scent given her, Frika went straight to the house of a certain shoemaker. The man was not at home, but the dog was allowed to go through his rooms. In a few minutes Frika left the house and ran directly to the edge of a small lake near by. She made repeated efforts to plunge into the water, but was prevented from so doing until her master concluded there might be "something it it" and in a few minutes she had located the missing strong box, which had been sunk in the lake near the bank. The shoemaker, who was arrested, at " first denied his guilt but finally confessed.'
Does a Dog Reason?
The writer once received a grown Airedale at his kennel from the mountain districts of Idaho, where the dog had been accustomed to his freedom. He was confined in a kennel, surrounded by a picket fence, which no dog had successfully jumped. Loose on the place was another grown dog, Victor by name. Beyond the usual salutations between strange dogs, nothing had been noticed in their disposition of regard one for In the evening Victor was heard making an unthe other. His usual fuss at the kitchen door, whining and crying. keeper went to the door and admonished him to keep still, and was called a second time by his unusual disturbance, planning When reaching the door, to whip the dog for his annoyance. Victor immediately receded and kept whining, as much as to Thinking the dog's actions say, "Come with me quick." strange, he lighted his lantern and followed the dog to see Victor led him what such unusual actions might mean.
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
15!
around two buildings, a distance of some two hundred feet amid great excitement, and took him to where the new occupant of the kennel was hung by the neck between two pickets, voiceless and with but one or two more minutes to The keeper quickly released the Airedale from his prelive. dicament and his life was saved. There was little reason to
expect Victor to interest himself in this dog's fatal predicament, as he had never known the dog until the evening of the accident. Question: Does a dog's mind reason?
Willing to Assist.
is
J. F. Williams, Monroe street hotel proprietor of Detroit, the proud owner of an Airedale Terrier. In addition to being well bred, a good looker and having great intelligence, the dog "Bud," as he is called, has won Mr. Williams' heart by a Mr. Williams reside on great display of loyalty and courage. Dexter Boulevard, way out in the thinly settled section of this Saturday night, October 20, he fashionable drive of Detroit. started for home after midnight with "Bud," going out on a Grand River avenue car. Getting off at Quincy street, dog and owner proceeded across toward home. About a block off Grand River two negroes approached, asking Mr. Williams the time. As one of them spoke Mr. Williams noticed he had a big ugly looking knife in his hand, and assuming their intentions were not of the best, Mr. Williams stepped back and called "Bud," who was close by in the road. The Airedale came right up on the scene and immediately jumped at the throat of the armed negro, upsetting him. They tussled for a few moments, when the negro got up and ran. "Bud" immediately gave his attention to the second hold-up man, who had stood still, and Mr. Williams says, "what Bud did to him was a sin."
This hunting Airedale has made the frequent mistake of mixing with a porcupine and gotten "quilled"
156
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Using Airedales to Capture Mountain Lions Alive.

Mr. C. Cobb relates tbe following in "Dogs of America": "Tracking and capturing live mountain lions with Airedale Terriers is a sport that is not known in the East. Of course, one reason for this is that there are no mountain lions in the After that reason has been given, it is like the fellow East. without money, the other nine hundred and ninety-nine reasons why he is not a millionaire don't count. "The hunt of which I write took place on January 8. The telephone bell rang and when I picked up the receiver my friend at the other end, about fifteen miles out of town, told me he had just discovered fresh lion tracks and asked me to bring the dogs out. To come out meant catching the train with the dogs in twenty-five minutes. But the train has a habit of being late, and the snow Was heavy, so I went home and got my snowshoes and a little stuff that I had ready and The dogs the two old dogs, Briar Test and High License. were eager to be off, sensing something. The air was bully and crisp and we hiked to the station. The train was on time. I had just time to pass the pair to the baggageman and climb There After a thirty-minute run we climbed out. aboard. was a hike of five miles to where the track had been picked But the going was good and with snowshoes we made it up.
in a short time.
"When I saw the tracks I knew they were made by a couple of small lions, and felt we had an easy time ahead. We followed the tracks over a stony ridge and down into a thicket. Here the lions had broken through and we saw the tracks were very fresh. A little farther on the dogs showed signs of breaking, and then Briar Test and High License tried Thinking it was time to let their best to slip their collars. them go, I freed them. Away they went at a terrific speed. The first thought was that they had winded a deer and was about to blow the horn when High License cut loose as though Her pain, however, was just plain everday in great pain. chagrin or jealousy or whatever you want to call it, because she was unable to keep up with her mate, who had the scent perfectly and was chasing the lions by it. We hurried on, but it is hard going and tiring running on snowshoes. I got one of my shoes under something and did a fall that filled my mittens full of snow. Little things, however, are lost sight of when chasing dogs after big game. The dogs were soon out of hearing and after a time we stopped. We listened, with the wind in our favor, and then got the faint bark that told us our game had been treed. "Like a pair of fools we started on a useless run, because the dogs would have stayed where they were for twenty-four hours if we didn't get up to them. But then a person will do
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
157
a lot of foolish things under excitement. We were hiking for some time before we came up in full view. If you never treed anything bigger than a coon, you don't know the satisfaction of being tired out and coming up and seeing the game sitting up in the air, tired, too, and treed after a long chase. There they were, a pair of half-grown lions. They were perched in the tree about twenty feet off the ground looking down on the Airedales that sat there tired and joyful at the bottom, unable to climb, but willing to take any chance if the others only
would come down. "Whenever you find a story

persons, put it country is deer.
of a
mountain
lion tackling
Their principal food in this It is estimated that a grown lion will average one deer a week, and he kills for the lust of killing. He will The average sized lion is kill whether he is hungry or not. about eight feet from tip to tip and weighs about 180 pounds. I have known them to measure nine feet ten inches and to weigh 225 pounds. "With a pole about ten feet long with a bit of branch left on as a hook over which to hang a noose I climbed up the tree and when I could reach a cat I slipped the noose over his head. Jake at the bottom of the tree gave the rope a jerk and Then I put over another loop and it was drawn it tightened. taut. With two ropes on him we jerked him out of the tree. I tied my rope to a tree and Jake held him until he was still. Over on his back, a pole down his belly and his hind and fore legs and head tied to pole and he was ready for traveling. Then the second cat was treated the same way. We rigged a sleigh out of fir boughs and the two cats were dragged back to town. A good afternoon's sport and some profit."
as fiction.
down
His Master's Scent. Dr. P. J. Noer (The Noer Hospital, Wabeno, Wisconsin) writes of a very interesting experience, illustrative of the keen scent and in this case associated with memory, of an Airedale, Pete, he had purchased from C. H. Sweetser, of Seattle. Pete had been raised as the family and hunting companion of his former owner and was two years old at the time he was
shipped to his new home in Wisconsin. It may be said here that he was particularly attached to his first and only master up to the time of his disposal. After Dr. Noer had had the dog for a few days and he was quite reconciled and accustomed to his new home and owner, one day in the doctor's mail there arrived a letter from Mr. Sweetser. "While reading the letter," Dr. Noer writes, "I was interrupted and dropped the hand containing the letter to my side. Pete, who was near, came up to me from behind and sniffed the letter and while doing so gave such unmistakable manifestation of delight, jumping about, whining and barking, that there could be no
158
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
other explanation of the source of his pleasure, and there is no question in my mind but that Pete recognized his former master's scent on the letter from him. A little later I repeated the 'performance' in the presence of my wife, and she also felt sure from Pete's unusual actions, which he had not previously shown us, that Pete recognized his former master's scent." (Attention is called to the fact that this letter had been handled by dozens of different mail clerks in its post route covering a 2000-mile journey.)
Briar Answers the Telephone.

Dr. J. W. Marshall, of Owen Sound, Ontario, owns a clever Airedale he calls Briar: He writes he is the best known dog in the town: When he is on the street you will hear everyone calling Briar: He performs some of the most human tricks imaginable. For instance, only yesterday the office nurse left the receiver down on one of our office telephones and forgot it. After awhile, Briar came whining and bothering me as I was working on a patient: He does this same thing every day when the town clock strikes the five-minute bell signalling the approach of noon. Briar knows this is the warning to go to dinner and he is then at my feet whining until I get on my coat. Well, yesterday, he was doing this at 10 a. m., so I drove him back to his nest. He came the second time. I drove him away explaining to him that the bell had not struck, scolding him for it. He came the third time, so I turned and he led me to the phone and jumped up on the chair and put his nose to the receiver, which was hanging down. I put it up, patted him "good dog," and he went and lay down until the bell rang. I have taught him to respect
Briar and His Playmate
AIREDALE ANECDOTES
159
a cat wherever he meets one, and his daily playmate is our office pussy. He does scores of funny things: He will salute a soldier at any time, and set up a great howl when we put "God Save the King" on the phonograph. We can play the thing all day and he will lie unconcerned as an oyster, but put "God Save the King" on, and I will bet a Ten, it will not get to the third note, till he is howling.
As a Sheep-Dog.
Mr. C. G. Boiler, of Vina, California, uses Airedales to attend and drive his large flocks of sheep on the range, and the following expresses his estimation of them and his experi"The Airedale without doubt is the ence with his dogs: smartest dog living today. I have never tried to teach Tuk anything but hunt and have never seen her equal. Ruler I have taught lots of things. He is a good hunter, drives sheep, retrieves ducks, trees wildcats, and anything I have started to teach him he has learned. Last fall the herder lost two lambs One got it into his head he was going to in the mountains. get away, so into the creek he jumped. It was a good big stream and he swam across to the other side and into a deep hole and there he was lodged against a high bank and there was no way to get at him to bring him back. Ruler was taking in the situation and was told to go and get the lamb. In he went and he took hold of the lamb's neck very carefully and brought him back as though he were a duck. I brought one of his pups into the house the other evening, sat him on a chair and gave him a stick to hold in his mouth. I put a string on his neck so as to know him when I got home. The following evening my wife told me that the pup had been packing sticks around all day and bringing the wood into the
house for her."
Wolfhounds
vs. Airedales.
Mr. Tyler Henshaw tells of an experience of two of his Airedales which aptly illustrates what Airedales are capable *jf in mortal combat when circumstances forced upon them the conditions related. Mr Henshaw 's brother, it seems, had been rsing Russian Wolfhounds to protect the livestock on his lar^e ranch in Mendocino County, California, and expressed himself as skeptical about the gameness of the Airedale in co7/ote killing and other predatory animals, so the two bitches, LakeDell Trip and Vixen, both daughters of Lady Marvel, a particularly game Airedale on big-game hunting, were sent up to the ranch to be tried cut. On arrival they were given a kennel alongside two large Wolfhounds that were kept confined because of their viciousness. Much talk was occasioned by the advent of the Airedales and speculation as to their comparative fighting abilities with the large and experienced
160
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
Wolfhounds, for the Airedales were nothing much to look at, being the hunting type, and in weight 45 pounds for Trip and about 50 for Vixen. After all predictions had been made, their keeper, to his utter surprise, the next morning after their arrival, found that during the night previous the Wolfhounds had torn their way through the wire fencing, and had mixed it with Trip and Vixen, and one of the Wolfhounds was found dead in the kennel yard of the Airedales and the other in a dying condition in the next pen. What a battle it must have been? As there were no spectators to intervene, this accidental test of the wonderful fighting abilities of the Airedale and their gameness to the limit of physical test is noteworthy. The two Airedales, barring being slashed some by the punishing Wolfhound teeth, were quite fit after their encounter and are two individuals of remarkably docile and gentle disposition,
but as quick as lightning when in action."
Ted Guards His "Pal."

Detroit Press: "A keen west wind, biting cold, swept the broad expanse of Lafayette avenue, today; a wind so cold that even the sunlight had little of heat to offer, but though he shivers and suffers from its effects it is all the same to
'Ted,' the big Airedale, for his little friend is dead.
"All last night he kept guard over the body of the little fox terrier which was his special care and, though exhausted and in evident pain from the intense cold, he refused to leave the corner at Hubbard avenue and Lafayette boulevard, where Other dogs of the neighborhood have his 'pal' was killed. come with their offerings of sympathy and have tried in their dog fashion to assuage the sorrow of 'Ted,' but their efforts have been in vain. One and all have been driven away from the tiny form which lies at the roadside. Playfellows they had been for months past, the Airedale and the small fox terrier boasting no home and no pedigree.
of the neighborhood who had marked the which existed between the two dogs had tried with inducements of food and marks of affection to tempt 'Ted' away so that the body of the other dog could be removed, but no amount of persuasion could get 'Ted' from the friend he guarded. In life he was the protector of the smaller animal, and in death he evidently resolved that no further harm would
"The children
friendship
great
be allowed to come his way. "A passing automobile came too swiftly on the little dog, Injured, he crawled into the cover of yesterday afternoon. the bushes at the side of the road to die. All the wailing of his larger friend could not save his life, and though the form was still and cold 'Ted' refused to believe that his playfellow was gone. Those who came with a show of bringing relief

AIREDALE ANECDOTES
to the little
161
dog were welcomed by 'Ted,' but anyone who showed any disposition to remove it from his sight soon saw his ill-will by a snarl and strong attack.
to his master's call brought an the situation after a two days' vigil, and now Ted makes his pilgrimage daily to the scene of his little pal's disaster and takes seeming comfort in the scant scent of what was for him everything that friendship in dog life could be."
"Only Ted's obedience

to
end
It an Airedale? While Congressman William Kent was campaigning in the mountains of Mendocino County, California, he stopped at a wayside inn one evening, joined the group of mountaineers round the big fireplace, and listened to the general conversation, which in that section is limited to two topics sheepdogs and deerhounds. "The best I ever knew," observed one of the settlers, "was
Was
a kind of mixture of hound, shepherd an' waterspan'el; an' a Injun owned it. If he tuck out his rifle the dog wouldn't run nothing but deer. If he tuck out his shotgun it wouldn't look at nothin' but quail or grouse. One day he took out his fishpole. The dog glanced at it an' went to diggin' bait. "The Injun usen to make good money hirin' it out to fellers
that come up fum the city a-huntin' deer, gettin' his five dollars a day. He'd go 'long with the dog, beat up a canon, jump a deer an' chase it up where the fellers could get a shot at it Injun yippin' right 'long with the dog. After a while it got old an' fat an' couldn't run no more; so the Injun used to hire himself out to do it. He wasn't so fast as the dog, but he was surer, 'cause he savvied a little better which way to herd
'em."
"I'd
like
to
see
that
Indian,"
his
observed
Kent.
"Is
he
see,
around here?" "No," the old man shook
head regretfully.
"You
deer got scarce after a while an' the Injun got to chasin' jackrabbits so they had to kill him."
162
ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

"A CLASSIC"
G.
Ladd Public Schools, Frank Townley, Superintendent, Ladd, Illinois, March 20, 1917.
To Mr. R. M. Palmer, Seattle, Washington. Dear Mr. "Lake-Dell":

read this 'ere effusion thru, you'll say "He's got his nerve." An' I'm willin' to admit yer right, it's jest what I'll deserve. But, I'm all worked up with readin' that "bully" good book uv yours
y'
.
Ef
On
th'
Airedale, an' his virtues, his breedin',

it
ills,
an' cures.
one from Erin's bog, To join y' when y' sing th' praise uv man's best fren' th' dog, Ever since I wuz a "spalpeen" I have owned 'most every kind, An' some were good, an' some were bad, an' some were never mind.
in
Shure,
seems a kind uv natur'l
doesn't take a thorobred to love an' understand is his master, an' to lick that master's hand, An' that's why th' Missoury man, a lookin' at his noun' Gave out a note uv warnin' "Quit kickin' my dawg aroun'."
It
The man who
Than
no better company, at hum, or as y' walk that little active "crittur" who can do 'most all but talk; If y' look for faithful service he's never known t' fail,
O, thar ain't
He answers y' with lovin' eyes, an' waggin' uv his tail. But really Mr. Palmer, this is what I meant to say: I have never owned an Airedale, an' p'raps I never may, I do not want a mongrel, but, to own a "crack-a-jack" Means a mighty pile o' siller, just th' very thing I lack. But, th' pictur's uv th' "champeens," an' yer own real doggy
notes
Make me
Do
feel as if I'm huntin' cougars, bob-tails, an' coyotes, So, I'm makin' bold t' ask y' (Ef y' answer well an' good, If not, I'm takin' no offense, let that be understood.)
y' ever, in a litter come across a little pup That, judgin' by th' standard would hardly measure up To rank among the "champeens," tho to th' purple bred, Because uv some slight blemish in eye, or coat, or head?
female) p'raps you'd see yer way think she's worth, so that p'raps I may At last possess an Airedale, an' one that's really good, For she'll have th' LAKE-DELL breedin' an' nothin' counta
If y' do (I'd like a what y' To tell
me
like blood.
Yours unblushingly,
G.
FRANK TOWNLEY.
Ladd, Illinois, June 6, 1917. For some time I have been planning to write you Dear Mr. Palmer: about our doggie, Lake-Dell Merry, but the closing days of school kept me very busy and so I let the matter go over. Well, from the day when she landed, she has been a source of pleasure She has her own way and is developing into a to me and my family. splendid animal. You certainly have not overrated the natural intelligence
of the Airedale, etc.
Q.
FRANK TOWNLEY.
THE PALMER AIREDALES

the 1) r e e d standard, large, useAiredale, t h e ful
ideal
We
"pal"
the
hunting
atield,
at home, incomparable
companion and the un-
equalled protector of property, family or

livestock. There is a wide variance in temperaments of differ-
ent strains Airedale.
of
the
READY
If you want The Trustworthy Sort get Lake - Dell - hred a
Airedale.
"Lake-Dell" Airedales have been the Silver Cup winners in Canada at Victoria, Vancouver and Calgary shows, and on the Pacific Coast at Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane, Everett, Portland, Oakland, Venice, Santa Cruz and San Francisco shows, in the keenest of competition, and were the ci;p winners for best Airedale puppy at Seattle show, 1917 and 1919.
PUPPIES FOR SALE AT
REASONABLE PRICES
LAKE-DELL KENNEL
R. M.
PALMER
(Owner)
Seattle,
8447 Renton Avenue
Washington
(Registered in American and United Kennel Clubs)
"START WITH THE BEST"
MAILYOUR ORDER
For
all
Airedale Necessities to
The Randall-McLoughlin Co.

will
of Seattle, U.S.A.,
and
YOUR POSTMAN
deliver to
your door
all
Airedale in first-class offerings are
condition.
mailable articles desired to keep your Some of our new and up-to-date
INVICTA DOG MEAL

This is manufactured exclusively by the Randall-McLaughlin Co. and contains the cereal elements of diet recommended ia the Chapter on F'eeding of this book. It is specially prepared under sanitary conditions in our new factory a balance cereal ration, perfectly mixed with cooked meat and is
One
tried
always
is
READY TO FEED
used.
Fed
as
buttermilk or soups. expressage).
10-lb. sacks,
moist mash with warm water, 75 cents; 25-lb sacks, $1.50 (plus
CONDENSED BUTTERMILK
the most healthful daily dependence in dog feeding. and fats maintain perfect food assimilation and keep system free from intestinal parasites. Puppies grow strong and robust with its use. Having buttermilk always available is made possible by Condensed Buttermilk, which keeps indefinitely in any climate. 5 -gallon kegs (dilutes 40 to 1). Used to mix up food mash with.
Its lactic acidity
Buttermilk
Price $4.00
(plus expressage).
INVICTA WHITE BONE MEAL

splendid growth in puppies makes straight avoids rickets. 10-lb. sacks, 60 cents (plus expressage).
Developes
legs
and
LIME AND SULPHUR COMPOUND

Diluted in warm water, stops your dog from scratching Cools overheated systems Cures mange and keeps the dog in nice coat. Per package, 50 cents postpaid. A complete stock of the world celebrated "Spratt's Patent" preparations is available at all times. Each one is reliable. (Send for list, given in full in our catalogue). The following are in constant demand and needed by all dog
owners:
and
Spratt's Tonic and Condition Tablets (to build up after sickness to condition the system for exhibiting). Price per package,
60 cents postpaid.
Spratt's Worn Capsules (Expels round, maw and tapeworm). Price per package, 60 cents postpaid. Spratt's Alterative Cooling Tablets (For heated blood, etc.) Price per package, 60 cents postpaid. Spratt's Chronic Skin Disease Tablets (For obstinate cases of manage and eczema). Price, 60 cents postpaid. Shipped Also Spratt's Dog Cakes, Puppy Cakes, and Puppy Meal. by express C. O. D. (any quantity).
Address
The Randall-McLoughlin Co.

(Factory and Office)
320 Westlake North, Seattle, Washington, U.
S.
A.
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This is the BIG magazine of America and its readers are therefore particularly interested in Airedale Terriers. A high-class sportsman's magazine full of interest for every man or boy who loves fishing, hunting,
Best Arms and Ammunition department published.
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Denver, Colorado
The Sportsman's Journal
THE AMERICAN FIELD

The Recognized Authority
Established 1874
PUBLISHED WEEKLY
The American Field is the Sportsman's Newspaper of America, collecting news by its own staff representatives and special reporters, giving authoritative reports of leading events in the sportsman's world. Its recreative columns are always replete with interesting articles and contributions and open a wide field for discussion of all subjects that interest sportsmen and
fanciers.
If you want to know what is going on in the KENNEL WORLD, subscribe for the American Field, or send for a sample copy, that will be sent you free on request. If you subscribe, the American Field will be laid at your door every week for seven cents. Gould you get greater pleasure for so small an outlay.
TO BREEDERS AND FANCIERS:

you are interested in dogs in' any way, send One Dollar for three months' trial subscription. If not more than satisfied with it the money will be refunded on request. Address
If
AMERICAN FIELD PUBLISHING COMPANY

801 Masonic Temple> Chicago
ONE DOLLAR
SENT TO
THE DOG FANCIER, BATTLE CREEK, MICH.

Brings to you each month for a year a wide-awake dog journal, with the important Airedale news. When you have Airedales for sale, send us the ad and it will bring
to
you many times
its
costs in
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SALES MADE. TO OTHERS LET US DO IT FOR YOU

All About Airedales 1919

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All About Airedales 1919

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PALMER, 8447 RENTON AVE., SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

published on the Airedale."

Field and Fancy, New York.

Battle Creek, Michigan.

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Airedale Terrier Reviewed

Copyright. 1911-1913-1916-1919 R. M. Palmer, Manager 3-A PUBLISHING COMPANY Seattle, Washington

TOPICAL LIST OF CONTENTS.

When to Feed. What No Cooking Needed.

Feed. What to Avoid. A Suitable Quantity to Feed. Approximate Cost.

History Shows Steady Progress. A Unselfish Hobby. Perpetuating Averages. Type

PUPPIES; THIER CARE;

CHAPTER HEALTHY AIKEDALFS -How Kept.

House and Yard Breaking.

Some Helpful Suggestions.

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT How

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SPORT Impoitance

Working Airedailes Champion King Nobbler's Double

Brick Did to a French Bull Something Here A Guard for Poultry

Playing with His Pal Puppy's Ears at Transition Stage

Big-Game Hunting Camp

Head Study Champions of Both Continents

Working on Wild Ducks Black Bear Treed by Airedales

Bawden with Three Favorites

150 151 155 158

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Mr. H. W. Essclstyii's Sporting Airedale Lake Dell Jack.

ORIGIN AND GENERAL, CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

state that the Airedale originated in Yorkshire,

years ago, and eventually the breed being so

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

and retain the features

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Chas. Emsweiser, Alaska

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

International Champion King Nobbier' s Double (Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie)

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

W. W. TITUS, Kennel Review."

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

"Lake Dell Whiskers"

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE OF THE AIREDALE

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE

what constitutes the best

ideal for size.

Type Not Weight.

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE

Champion "Polam Maxim" (Imported) (Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie)