Sentence structure

SENTENCE STRUCTURE Sentences construction

A. 1. He looks. S V 2. He sees a dog. S V O 3. A young boy sees a cat. S V O 4. Now a young girl is seeing a fat cat clearly. E S V O E 5. A young girl saw a fat cat clearly on the road yesterday. S V O E E E 1. I tell. S V 2. I tell him a story. SV O O 3. A young boy is telling his friends a story. S V O O 4. A young boy told his friends an interesting story at school yesterday. S V O O E E 1. I watched a movie. S V O 2. I watched a short movie on television. S V O E 3. Last night I quietly watched a short movie on television at my uncle's house. E S E V O E E 1. They work hard. S V E 2. They work hard every day. S V E E 3. They worked hard on their land last year. S V E E E 4. The farmers from our village work hard on their fields thoroughly with the help of oxen S V E E E E from morning till night in the rainy season. E E

B.

C.

D.

Sentence structure E. 1. We have a vacation. S V O 2. We have a long vacation in summer every year. S V O E E 3. During the last summer vacation our family went to Lashio by train. E S V E E 4. We stopped at Mandalay for a few days on our way to Lashio. S V E E E E 5. We visited the Shwedagon pagoda with our friends on the first day of January. S V O E E 6. On the second day of February we went to Sagaing by taxi early in the morning. E S V E E E E 1. There is a book on the table. E V S E 2. There are several books on the big table. E V S E 3. There were several books in science on the big table at the corner of the reading room E V S E E yesterday. E

F.

Sentence structure

A simple sentence A simple sentence is a sentence that is formed by one clause. 32 SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERNS

0guskd; (32) rsdK;

She is a doctor. She is beautiful. She is afraid of dog.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 .

S+Vbe+N S+Vbe+Adj S+Vbe+Adj+Prep+N S+Vbe+Adj+To-V0 S+Vbe+Adj+V4 S+Vbe+V3 S+Vbe+V4 S+Vbe+Prep+N S+Vbe+To-V0 V1 S+Vi S+Vt+O S+Vt+IO+DO S+Vt+DO+Prep+IO S+Vt+O+Adj S+Vt+O+N S+Vt+O+To-V0 S+Vt+O+V1 S+Vt+O+V3 S+Vt+O+V4 S+Vt+To-V0 S+Vt+V4 S+Vt+Prep+N S+LV+N S+LV+Adj It+Vbe+N

She is afraid to go home. She is busy doing homework. She was killed on January 19, 2000. She is swimming. She is from Yangon. Her hobby is to read many books. Come in please. Please do me a favor. She dances on the stage. She eats rice. She gives the teacher the flowers. She gives the flowers to the teacher. She made me happy. She considered me a baby. She wants me to become a doctor. She made me cry. She had her hair cut. She saw the children playing football. She hoped to get a good job. She likes reading a novel. She always looks after me. She will make a good wife. She looks very young. It is a hot day. 10

27 . 28 . 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 .

It+Vbe+Adj+(for N)+To-V0 It+Vbe+Adj+of+N+To-V0 It+Vbe+N/Adj+V4 It+takes+N+time phrase+To-V0 There+Vbe+N+Prep+N There+Vi+N+Prep+N

Sentence structure It is difficult (for everyone) to master English. It is kind of you to help us. It is worth reading this book. It takes me five minutes to go to school. There are three persons in my family. There developed goodwill between the two countries.

A compound sentence A compound sentence is a sentence consisting of two or more main (independent) clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction.
Simple sentence Independent Clause Principle Clause Super ordinate Clause Main Clause Coordinating conjunction and, but, or, so, else, either, nor, neither, for, however, also, as well as, both and, therefore, etc Simple sentence Independent Clause Principle Clause Super ordinate Clause Main Clause

t"du0gus

*kPf&nfwljzpf pum;quf

t"du0gus

COMPOUND SENTENCES JOINED BY 42 CONJUNCTIONS

pum;quf (42) rsdK; ESihf qufxm;aom 0gusaESmrsm;

1. and (ESifh??NyD;vQif?aemufNyD;?if;tjyif) We stayed at home and (we) watched TV.

uRefawmfwdkYonf kyfjrifoHMum;MunfhcJhMuonf/ 2. but (odkYr[kwf?odkY&mwGif?'gayr,fh) uRefrowif;pmwpfapmif0,fcJhonf/ rzwfcJhyg/ 3. or ('grSr[kwf?odkYr[kwf)

Do as the teacher told, or you'll be punished. I brought a newspaper but (I) didn't read it.

tdrfrSmaeNyD;

odkY&mwGif

uRefr

q&majymxm;wJhtwdkif;vkyfyg/ rif;tjypfay;cH&vdrfhrnf/ 4. nor (vn;f.....r[kwf) ig a&rul;wwfbl;/ rif;vnf; a&rul;wwfbl;/ 5. either (vnf;yJ) olwdkYraysmfygbl;/ igvnf;raysmfygbl;/ 6. neither (vnf;.....r[kwf)
The man is not honest, neither is his son. They are not happy, I'm not either. I can't swim, nor can you.

'grSr[kwf&if

xdkvlBuD; rkd;om;yg/ olUom;vnf; rdk;om;yg/

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Sentence structure 7. else ('grSr[kwf&if) Walk quickly, else you won't overtake him.

jrefjrefavQmufyg/ 'grSr[kwf&if ausmfwufEdkifrSmr[kwfbl;/ 8. however (rnfodkYyifjzpfap?odkYaomfvnf;)

Yangon has a warm weather; however Putao has a cold one.

rif;olUudk

&efukefwGif aEG;axG;aom &moDOwkSdygonf/odkUaomfvnf; ylwmtdkwGif at;aom &moDOwkSdygonf/

9.therefore (xdkYaMumifh?'ghaMumifh) Soe Pay didn't study; therefore he failed in the exam.

qdk;aypmrusufcJhyg/ xdkUaMumifh pmar;yGJ uscJh\/ 10. so (xdkYaMumifh?'ghaMumifh) tvGefyljyif;vS\/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmf zGifhcJh\/ 11. for (taMumif;uawmh?twGufaMumifh)
It was late, for I have long been here. It is very hot, so I opened the window.

jywif;ayguf

tcsdefaESmif;oGm;ygNyD/ taMumifhuawmh 'DrSma&mufaewm MumygNyDyJ/ 12. also (vnf;yJ) uRefawmfodyfaysmfwmyJ/ olvnf;aysmfwmygyJ/ 13. otherwise ('grSr[kwf&if) rif;udkajymxm;wJhtwdkif; vkyfyg/ rif;tjypfay;cH&vdrfhr,f/ 14. yet (odkY&mwGif?odkYaomfvnf;)
He didn't study, yet he passed his exam. Do as you are told, otherwise you'll be punished. I am quite happy; he is also.

uRefawmf

'grSr[kwf&if

olpmrusufcJhbl;/ odkUaomfvnf; olpmar;yGJatmifcJhygw,f/ 15. then ('gqdk&if?,if;odkYqdkvQif)

You are tired, then you must take a rest.

rif; yifyefaew,f/ 'gqdk&if rif; tem;,l&r,f/ 16. too (if;tjyif?vnf;yJ?tvm;wl)

My husband likes riding bicycle; I do too.

uRefra,musfm;u pufbD;pD;wmudk BudKufw,f/ olUtwdkif;ygyJ/ 17. nevertheless(aomfjim;vnf;/ 'gayr,fhvnf;) uRefawmfodyfawmhaeraumif;ygbl;/ cifrsm;eJUvdkufr,f/ 18. nonetheless(aomfjim;vnf;/ 'gayr,fhvnf;)
The book is too long; nonetheless it is education and entertaining. I'm not quite well; nevertheless I'll go along with you.

uRefrvnf;

'gayr,fhvnf;

pmtkyfuawmhSnfvGef;ygw,f/ azsmfajzrISdygw,f/ 19. or else ('grSr[kwf&if)

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'gayr,fhvnf;

ynmay;NyD;

Sentence structure Do as I tell you; or else you will regret it.

igajymwJhtwdkif;vkyfyg/ 'grSr[kwf&if rif; aemifw&vdrfhr,f/ 20. only (that) (odkUaomf/ 'gayr,fh/ rSvGJ)
I really want to go, only that I am now busy.

uRefawmf wu,fhudk tcktvkyfIyfaeygw,f/ 21. as well as (xdkUtjyif/ vnf;yJ)

We will travel in days as well as at nights.

oGm;csifygw,f/

'gayr,fh

uRefawmfwdkU aeUtjyif nyg c&DoGm;Mur,f/ 22. no less than (xufravsmhyJ) taz[m uRefawmhfudk tarxufravsmUyJ cspfygw,f/ 23. ratherthan (rnfhtpm;/ xuf) olr vdrfajym&wmxuf ao&wm ydkaumif;vdrfhr,fvdkU xifygw,f/ 24. both.and (ESpfckpvHk;/ a&myg)
Both Ngapli and Kanthayar are pleasant beaches. She'd rather die than tell a lie. Father loves me no less than mother does.

iyvDa&m? jzpfygw,f/
25.

urf;om,myg

om,mvSywJh

yifv,furf;ajcrsm; ...

.jzpfap....jzpfap)
26.

eitheror.(wpfckr[kwf....wpfck?

Either Ko Win or Ko Thin is in the room.

udk0if;jzpfap? udkoif;jzpfap tcef;xJrSm Sdygw,f/ (wpfckckrSr[kwf?.......a&m.....yg..r[kwf)

Neither Thuzar nor Marlar goes to work. neither.nor.

olZma&mrmvmyg tvkyfroGm;Muyg/ 27. and.also (....ESifh....vnf;yJ)

They know him and I know him also.

olwkdUu olUudkodovdk uRefawmfuvnf; olUudk odygw,f/

28.and too(....ESifh....vnf;yJ) He likes tea and I do too.

olvufzuf&nfBudKufovdk uRefrvnf;yJ BudKufygw,f/ 29. andeither (...vnf;yJ)

He can't go and I can't go either.

ol roGm;Edkifbl;/ ig vnf;yJ roGm;Edkifbl;/ 30. and neither (.....vnf;...r[kwf)

I am not happy and neither do they.

uRefawmfraysmfygbl;/ olwdkUvnf;yJ raysmfygbl;/ 31. and then (tJ'Daemufawmh)

He took a bath and then had dinner.

ol a&csdK;cJhw,f/ tJ'Daemufawmh npmpm;cJhw,f/

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Sentence structure 32. and nor (vnf;.....r[kwf) He won't visit Pepple's Park and nor will she.

ol jynfolUO,smOfudk oGm;vnfrSmr[kwfbl;/ oGm;vnfrSmr[kwfbl;/ 33. and yet (odkUaomfjim;vnf;/ 'gayr,fhvnf;)

I want to leave, and yet I feel obliged to stay.

olrvnf;

uRefawmfxGufoGm;csifygNyD/ aezdkU0w&m;Sdw,fvdkU cHpm;&w,f/ 34. and thus(xkdUaMumifh/ xkdodkUjzifh) olwdkUkyfSifBudKufMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh kyfSifoGm;Muonf/ 35. and hence (xdkUaMumifh/ taMumif;aMumifh)
I have no relatives, and hence I will have to stay here. They like movies and thus they often go to the movies.

'gayr,fhvnf;

rMumcP

uRefawmhfrSmaqGrsdK;rSdygbl;/ 'DrSwnf;cdk&ygvdrfhr,f/ 36. but nor ('gayr,fh....r[kwf)

She doesn't like them but nor do we.

'gaMumifh

olru olwdkUudk rBudKufygbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; rBudKufyg/ 37. but neither ('gayr,fh....r[kwf)
He is not a very outstanding person but neither is he a good-for-nothing guy.

ol[m xl;cRefolr[kwfyg/ 'gayr,fhvnf; tvum;aumifawmh r[kwfygbl;/ 38. butstill ('gayr,fh...wkef;yJ/qJyJ/ odkUaomfjim;vnf;) uRefawmfwdkU ae&mwdkif;udk SmcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh SmvdkUr&wkef;ygyJ/ 39. not..but (....r[kwf....odkUaomf/ 'gayr,hf/ omvQif)
The easy chairs are not polished but painted. We searched everywhere but we still couldn't find it.

yufvufukvm;xdkifrsm;udk aq;okwfxm;ygonf/ 40. notnor (r[kwf....vnf;yJ)

You are not married, nor am I.

ay:vpfwdkwfrxm;yg/

odkUaomf

rif; tdrfaxmifrSdbl;/ igvnf; rSdbl;/ 41. not only.but also (.....omru......vnf;yJ) uRefawmft*Fvdyfbmomudkomru *syefbmompum;udkvnf; oif,laeygw,f/ 42. not just.but also (.....omru......vnf;yJ)
My parents not just take care of me but also lead me also. I am learning not only English but also Japanese.

uRefawmhf&JUrdbawGu uRefawmhfudk apmifhaSmufkHomru OD;vnf;OD;aqmifygw,f/

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Sentence structure

A complex sentence A complex sentence is a sentence with only one independent (super ordinate/ principle/ main) clause and one or more dependent (subordinate/ sub-) clauses.
(a) Usual position

ykHrSeftxm;todk
Sub-ordinate conjunction Sub-clause

Main clause

t"du0gu s
(b) Unusual position

vufatmufcHpu m;quf

vufatmufc H0gus

xl;jcm;txm;todk
Sub-clause

Sub-ordinate conjunction

vufatmufcHpum vufatmufc ;quf H0gus

, Main clause , t"du0g us

Model sentences: As, Because, Since = aomaMumifh 1. The man was sent to prison as he had committed a crime. 2. Because the test is on Friday, you should be reading your books. 3. He failed in the exam since he didn't work hard. Seeing that =aMumifh 4. Seeing that he's been off sick all week he's unlikely to come. In case = jzpfEdkifaomaMumifh 5. You'd better take the keys in case I'm out. For =taMumif;uawmh 6. I believed her for surely she would not lie to me. After = NyD;aemuf 7. After I've spoken to them, I'll come to you. If, Provided that, Providing that = vQif 8. If it rains, we will not go outside. 9. Provided that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to $100 a day. 10. We'll buy everything you produce, providing that of course the price is right. As long as, So long as, Only if = rSomvQif 11. We'll go as long as the weather is good. 12. Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room. As if, As though = ouJhodkU ^ovdk 13. He behaved as if/as though nothing had happened. Unless = r.....vQif 14. Unless you'd prefer a cold drink, have a cup of tea. When, Once, By the time = aomtcg 15. When I was at school, I loved English. 16. Once you go out, take the umbrella with you. 17. There was no one in the room by the time I arrived there. Whenever = tcsdefwdkif;rSm 18. Whenever you need it, you can ask for help. 15

Sentence structure Whence = ae&mrS 19. They returned whence they had come. Where = ae&mrSm 20. She found her purse where she had left it in the bus. Wherever = ae&mwdkif;rSm 21. Wherever you go, I follow you. Whither = ae&m 22. They did not know whither they should go. As ..as =avmuf 23. Nilar is as beautiful as her mother. Than = . xuf 24. Su Su is taller than Mya Mya. So that, In order that = ap&ef 25. We took a taxi to the stadium so that we wouldn't be late for the game. 26. A note was sent to all the classrooms in order that every boy would know to wear a tie on Mondays. So as to, In order to = ap&ef 27. We went early so as to get good seats. 28. She arrived early in order to get a good seat. That = vkdU 29. I think that he is honest. Although, Even though, Though, Whereas, Despite the fact that, In spite of the fact that, Much as = aomfvnf;yJ 30. Although she is poor, she is generous. 31. We lost the game although/even though/though everyone played well. 32. Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 33. She was good at Physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 34. English became the official language for business in spite of the fact that the population was largely Chinese. 35. Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. Before, Ere = r.....wdkifcif 36. Look before you leap. 37. Ere they came back home, I returned. Until, Till = wkdifatmif 38. Let's wait until the rain stops. 39. We waited till he came here. Supposing that = qdkMuygpdkU 40. Supposing that you are wrong, what will you do then? While = pOfwGif 41. Her parents died while she was still at school. As far as = oavmufawmh 42. That's the truth, as far as I know it. No sooner than =NyD;aemufrMumrD 43. No sooner had the match started than they scored the first goal. Whether..or..= ...vm;.......vm; 44. He seemed undecided whether to go or stay. Whetheror.not =...vm;.......rvkyfzl;vm; 16

Sentence structure 45. Whether or not we're successful, we can be sure that we did our best. Whichever = b,f.......yJjzpfjzpf 46. It takes three hours, whichever route you take. Lest =pdk;vkdU 47. He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob. Except that = rSwyg; 48. I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money. As soon as, Immediately =...vQif.......csif; 49. As soon as the train had gone, they reached the station. 50. Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.

txufygpum;qufrsm;onf tjcm;t"dym,fwpfrsdK;vnf; SdEdkifygao;onf/

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