Test Guide

Upcoming Test:Rough
HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.197-222

Gouverneur Morris (197)- A powerful speaker and writer. He wrote the final
draft of the constitution.

Roger Sherman (199)- A person from Connecticut. He suggested what came to be

known as the Great Compromise.

Federalism (204)- Sharing power between the federal and state governments. One
of the distinctive features of the United States government.

Legislative Branch (204)- Part of the government. The lawmaking branch. Article
I of the constitution established this branch. There were two houses: the upper
house and the Lower House.

Executive Branch (204)- The branch that carries out the nations laws and
policies. It was headed by the president. Article II of the constitution established
this branch.

Judicial Branch (204)- Court System of the United States. Article III of the
constitution established this branch.

Checks & Balances (205)- To keep one branch from gaining too much power, the
framers built in this system. This system causes the three branches to check and
limit each other. This caused no single branch to dominate the government.

Enumerated/Delegated Powers (222)- One of the three types of government

powers. Included the powers to coin money, regulate trade, maintain armed forces,
and create federal courts. These powers only belonged to the federal government.

Reserved Powers (222)- One of the three types of government powers. These
powers retained by the states. They include such rights as the power to establish
schools, pass marriage laws, and regulate trade within the state.

Concurrent Powers (222)- One of the three types of government powers. These
powers were shared by both the state and the federal government. Among these
powers were the rights to raise taxes, borrow money, and provide the public
welfare.

INFLUENCES OF THE CONSTITUTION

Roseau General Will

Baron de 3 branches of government

Montesquieu Checks and Balances

Ancient Democracy and republicanism- people elect representatives

Greece +
Rome
Magna Carta Ruler’s power should be limited

Articles of
Confederation

Declaration of
Independence

English People have rights and they should be protected by the

Parliament government

John Locke People have natural rights like life and liberty

Jeremy Pursuit of happiness

Bentham
Enlightenmen Laws should be based on knowledge, reason, and science
t
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

Who ● 55 delegates met in Independence Hall in Philadelphia

Pennsylvania from May to September of 1787
was ● 12/13 states were present (Rhode Island feared a strong central
there? government an did not go)
● George Washington, and was selected as president of the
convention
● James Madison. Know as the “father of the Constitution” and
took careful notes on everything that was said.
What ● rewrite or revise the AOC and set up a strong but limited
was central government
their
goal?
Who ● John Adams and Thomas Jefferson was serving as an
wasn’t ambassador in Europe
there? ● Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and John Hancock also feared a
strong ventral government and did not attend
About ● average age of delegates was 42
the ● oldest age was Ben Franklin at age 82
People, ● 2/3 were lawyers
Please ● 1/3 owned slaves
? ● 1/3 were veterans
● no African Americans, woman, or native Americans
● WELL: -bred (come from a good family)
-fed (rich)
-read (smart)
-wed (married into good families)
● secrecy was VERY important among them

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION RESPONSE

Question: Why do we need to know about the background of the people who met
in the Constitutional Convention?

It’s very important to know about the background of the people because it
shows what our constitution was based on. The backgrounds of all the people are
also important to know because we need to know who really were the people that
created the rules and standards for our constitution. If we knew that the people
who all met at the constitutional convention had a Chinese background, our
lifestyle today would be very different. We also need to know about the people,
because if we didn’t, we wouldn’t know that woman’s inputs weren’t accepted in
the constitution. And finally, we need to know who was really committed to the
constitution and who took what part in its creation.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS FOR COMPROMISIS OF

THE CONSTITUTION (3 GREEN PAPERS)

Critical Thinking Question A (back side)

Virginia Plan=Big State Plan

New Jersey= Small State Plan

Combined both plans to create:

Created a bicameral legislature

2 House people who make laws

Congress

Upper house
Equ al representation
2 senates per state
Senate

House of Representatives lower house representation based on

population
435 representatives
Critical Thinking Question B (back side)

Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person for both representation and taxation.

Critical Thinking Question C (back side)

Congress could regulate interstate trade, but could not regulate slave trade for 20

Between the states

years (1808). Runaway slaves were considered property and must be retuned to
their owners.

QUESTIONS ON WHAT WE’VE LEARNED DO FAR

1. What is legislative Branch? What dose it do?

The branch that makes laws for the federal government

2. Describe the 3/5 compromise

Where a slave was counted as 3/5 of a person. Northerners wanted slaves for tax
but not representation, but southerners wanted them for representation but not tax.

3. What is federalism?

Powers shared by the federal and state governments

 What they share

4. What types of people wrote our constitution?

Well fed (rich)

Well bred (come from a good family)
Well read (smart)
Well wed (married into good families)

5. What are delegated powers?

Coin money, declare war, make treaties

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.206-209

Ratify (206)- To approve of something. Before the constitution could go into

effect, 9/12 states needed to ratify it. State legislators set up special ratifying
conventions to consider the document.

Federalists (206)- Supporters of the new constitution. Three of the nation’s most
gifted political thinkers were federalists: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and
John Jay. These people backed up the ideas of the new constitution and defended
it.

John Jay (206)- A federalist. He was one of the nation’s most gifted political
thinkers. He backed up the constitution defended it.

Antifederalists (206)- Those who opposed ratification. These people criticized the
constitution. They forced the government to create a Bill of Rights to protect the
people’s rights.
Mercy Otis Warren (206)- A Massachusetts opponent of the constitution. She
expressed the problem faced by many antifederalists. She admitted the need for a
strong government but feared it.

Questions on page 208-209 (#1-3)

What group The antifederalists

was opposed to
ratification of
the
constitution?
Who argued The federalists??
that the
constitution
could be
changed if
problems
arose?
What was Argued against the idea of a president with limited or few
Hamilton’s powers
major
argument in
The federalist,
no.70?

CONSTITUTION SCAVENGER HUNT

Article I – Legislative Branch

Article II – Executive Branch
Article III – Judicial Branch
Location Questi Answer
on
Numb
er
Article II, Sec. 15 The president must be at least 35 years of age
1, #5
Article II, Sec. 20 The commander-in-chief of military forces is
2, #1 president
Article III, 22 The Judicial Branch has the power to review all the
Sec. 2, #1 laws and treaties of the U.S
Article I, Sec 1 10 The Congress has all the legislative powers
Article I, Sec. 4 The House of Representative has the sole power of
2, #5 impeachment
Article II, Sec. 7 The senate approves the people that the president
2, #2 appoints to government