Power Quality

Training Courses

Voltage dips and short interruptions

LPQIVES is co-finaced by:

LPQIVES is a programme of:

LPQI is part of:

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 Module 1

Voltage dips and short interruptions

1 INTRODUCTION
In the existing situation in National Power System, due to a dearth of comprehensive
measurements and, in consequence, insufficient knowledge on the quality of supply, the
acquisition of measurement data about voltage dips and short supply interruptions will be the task
for the nearest future. Currently, these disturbances would be the subject of a contract only in
specific cases.

1.1 General aims

Two kinds of electromagnetic disturbances are dealt with in this seminar: voltage dips and short
supply interruptions. Their sources and effects, as well as possible methods of their mitigation and
measuring, are briefly described in the scope, which is sufficient for formulation of contractual
provisions. The issues that should be taken into account in concluding a contract between the
supplier and consumer of electric power are considered on the basis of the existing standards and
regulations.

1.2 Target groups

This module’s target group are mainly:
• end-users of equipment
• designers
• installers or contractor of installations
• electric networks operators
• equipment sellers and services providers in the electricity sector.

2 SPECIFIC AIMS AND TOPICS

The pathway of learning consists of a 2 days course, subdivided in sections (with different
duration), with these contents and related aims.

1st day
Contents Introduction into Power Quality
Effects of voltage dips and short interruptions
Remedial measures
Improvement of equipment immunity
Aims Supplying knowledge concerning basics of voltage dips and swell, sources, effects,
methods for mitigation
2nd day
Contents Contract
Examples of selected contracts and national regulations
Indices based on the voltage change and energy-related indices
Case studies
Laboratory
Aims Supplying knowledge concerning principles of measuring, standardization, formulating
contracts. Use of the obtained knowledge to analysis and solving problems, as well as to
practical measurements in laboratory.

Below there’s a detailed overview of the course contents.

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2.1 Pathway of learning flow chart
Time
Knowledge
progresssion Section level
Lesson
(hours)

Lesson and discussion

130 0 Introduction into
Power Quality

Lesson and practical

training
Introduction on voltage
30
2 1 dips and short supply
interruptions issues

Remedial measures.
50
3 2 Improvement of equipment
immunity.

Measurement of
430 3 voltage dips and
short interruptions

Contract. Examples of
15
5 4 selected contracts and
national regulations.

Indices and methods

745 5 of
analysis

Practical applications
845 6

End of Final discussion and

915 Module
5
conclusions

3 COURSE DETAILED PROGRAM

First day:

60 mins. Participants registration

30 mins Course introduction.

60 mins. Section 0: Introduction into Power Quality. Overview on related topics

- Definition of Power Quality and its components (the quality of voltage, the

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 quality of power supply service, the commercial quality)
- Disturbances inside of electrical power networks
- Equipment susceptibility and immunity (susceptibility level, immunity level,
compatibility level, planning level, disturbance level)
- An overview on measuring systems and procedures
- Relevant Power Quality Standards and Regulations
Modality: Lesson and discussion

60 mins. Section 1: Introduction on voltage dips and short supply interruptions issues
- Definitions. Relevant Standards and Regulations.
- Description of the disturbance (sources, duration, magnitude etc.)
- Effects of voltage dips and short interruptions
Modality: Lesson and discussion

30 mins Coffe break

80 mins. Section 2: Remedial measures (reduction of the number of faults; reduction of

the fault clearance time; modification of the supply system configuration; installing
voltage stabilizers). Improvement of equipment immunity.
Modality: Lesson and discussion

Second day:

60 mins. Section 3: Measurement of voltage dips and short interruptions (principles of

measurement; reference voltage for measurement purposes; dip duration -
voltage thresholds marking start and end of the disturbance - fixed reference
voltage and sliding reference voltage; distinguishing between voltage dips and
short interruptions; reporting measurements results; example of measurement
results)
Modality: Lesson and discussion

45 mins. Section 4: Contract (duration of measurements; reference voltage value; location

and method of connection measuring instrument; technical specifications for
measuring instrumentation; threshold values for disturbance detection;
techniques of reporting the measurement results; methods for aggregation of
measurement results - voltage-level aggregation, phase aggregation, time
aggregation, space aggregation)
Examples of selected contracts and national regulations
Modality: Lesson and discussion

75 mins. Section 5: Indices and methods of analysis (statistical methods and direct
measurements)
- Methods of analysis
Modality: Lesson and discussion

30 mins Coffe break

75 mins. Section 5: Indices and methods of analysis (statistical methods and direct
measurements)
- Examples and regulations from several countries
- Indices
Modality: Lesson and discussion

60 mins. Section 6: Practical applications

Modality: Lesson and practical training

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30 mins Final discussion and conclusions
End of the module - user satisfaction survey (user’s questionnaire)
Confirmations of attendance

GENERAL NOTES

− each day there will be two coffee breaks according to the seminar program;
− at the beginning of the course the lecturer will explain course aims and at the end he will verify
their fulfilment;
− the course will be divided in theoretical and practical sections;
− at the end of the lessons, a user satisfaction survey will help the lecturer in monitoring the course
quality.

4 TEACHING METHODS

Teaching methods are summarized in three main moments:

− knowledge transfer (Lesson)

topics exposure by the lecturer with the help of slides and presentation of practical cases;
− deepening/learning verification (Discussion)
general discussion stimulated by the lecturer (also during the lesson) to verify knowledge
transfer;
− practical training, laboratory activities; group work

During all the sections, the lecturer will always attend, with teaching and/or activity coordination
duty.

5 DIDACTIC MATERIAL AND TOOLS

The didactic tools which will be used by the lecturers will be:
− Blackboard
− Video-projector
− Notebook
− Microphone

The lecture room will be suitable to allow the use of all the above listed didactic tools and to enable
group work for the attendants.

Each user will receive, during the registration, a folder containing:

− course program;
− lecture notes containing all or part of the lecture slides;

All this didactic material, and eventually some additional electronic tools, will be available also in
electronic format on Leonardo Energy / LPQIVES website.

The folder will also include a user satisfaction questionnaire and a knowledge test (which will be
both filled and submitted at the end of the course).

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6 EXISTING KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS

The following (on the basic level) shall be prerequisite for the participant:

− electric circuits theory: AC circuits

− electric machines
− electric power engineering; power system
− power electronics
− electric metrology.

7 ACQUIRED COURSE KNOWLEDGE

The knowledge acquired during the course should be sufficient for:

− identification of the disturbance nature

− disturbance source identification
− disturbance assessment by means of measuring
− evaluation of technical and economic effects of disturbance
− proposing remedial measures
− formulation of contract between the supplier and consumer of electric power on the basis of the
existing standards and regulations

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