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The Common Ion Effect
Consider a weak acid and a salt containing one ion common to both.
Problem 1: CH
3
COOH H
2
O H
3
O
1
CH
3
COO
-1
II we were to take a 0.1 mol dm
-3
CH
3
COOH solution, .
|, hence
pH will increase)
Now, determine the pH oI this solution.
(answer: pH 4.8)
Hence in conclusion, one can say that the presence oI a common ion greatly inhibits the
dissociation oI an acid and lowers the concentrations oI the H
3
O
1
, thus increasing the pH oI the
solution, making the solution less acidic.
Problem 2: See Page 2: K
Problem 3:
What will be the resulting acetate ion concentration when 0.10 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid
solution, HCl
(aq)
is added to a 0.1 mol dm
-3
solution oI aqueous acetic acid solution,
. ( ans: |CH
COO
| 1.8 x10
Problem 4:
Calculate the |OH
-1|
, the pH, and the percent ionisation oI an aqueous solution oI 1.0 mol dm
-3
aqueous solution oI ammonia, NH
3(aq)
, that also contains 0.10 mol dm
-3
ammonium chloride,
. (Ans: |OH
| 1.8 x10
=
Problem 5:
a) Calculate the percent ionization oI a 1.0 mol dm
-3
HE
(aq)
, .
=
b) Calculate the percent ionisation oI a 1.0 mol dm
-3
HE
(aq)
that also contains 1.0 mol dm
-3
oI
sodium Iluoride, NE. .
=
c) What deductions can you make Irom these calculations.
(Ans: (a) ionization 2.68
, (b) 7.2 x 10
)
Problem 6:
What is the pH oI a solution which contains 0.10 mol dm
-3
KClO and a 0.05 mol dm
-3
HClO,
(Ans: pH 7.84)
=
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K
(aq) NO
2
-1
(aq)
NaNO
2
(aq) Na
(aq) NO
2
-1
(aq)
NOTE: The NO
2
-1
ion is common to both the salt and the acid.
The Na
|
E
10
-pH
10
- 3.00
1.00 * 10
-3
or 0.00100
|NO
2
-1
| mol/dm
3
0.025 mol / 0.5dm
3
0.05 mol dm
-3
HNO
]
(mol dm
)
H
]
(mol dm
)
NO
]
(mol dm
)
Initial 0.100 ----- 0.0500
Change - 0.00100 0.00100 0.00100
Equil
||NO
2
-1
|
----------------
|HNO
2
|
(0.00100) (0.0510)
--------------------------
(0.099)
5.152 * 10
-4
The K
a
is 5.15 * 10
-4
mol dm
-3