Globalization and global threats: Challenges for managing pandemics in the 21st century

Nevruz Zogu Doktorant Shpetim Rezniqi - Doktorant Kolegji Universitar BIZNESI

1. Entry Many facets of globalization and thus increase the risks related to a series of international threats from weapons production, internet piracy, ethnic violence, global crime, drug trafficking, environmental degradation and the spread of infectious diseases. What strategies and actions to be followed to deal with them? Information technologies and systems are the main features of globalization and have become essential to the functioning of many important civil systems such as communication, energy, transport, electricity, water and banking systems. The problem lies in the fact that they are already prone to disruption point of electronic piracy. Risks posed by environmental degradation often exceed the limits of a state. Known risk is that the global temperature rise, which is causing devastating droughts, floods and strong stuhira. Other risks are environmentally and air and water pollution, deforestation and biodiversity and the possibility of introducing toxic substances into the human food chain.

2. Definition of the problem There is a growing risk that infectious diseases to spread rapidly worldwide as a result of increased bacteria that RESIST drugs, delays in the development of new antibiotics, waste water and soil, climate change, building large cities with deficiencies highlighted in the health service, facilitating the movement of people from one country to another and the growing number of refugees. U.S. to provide intelligence services in the next 20 years victories in the fight against deadly diseases like HIV or \ AIDS and tuberculosis, which are spreading rapidly will be less. Today the world responded States against risks and threats to the security of preventive actions (such as the broad mass awareness about the risk of various forms against criminality, to counter interference, etc.. Safety risks include not only military, but also
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non-military such as political risks, economic, or environmental hazards caused by man and social conflicts as "majority to minority" of illegal trade, mass migrations, epidemics etc. proportions of things.

3. Threat and historical perspective As can happen: Throughout history, epidemics have reduced the knees civilizations. The Black Death killed more than half the population of Europe in the Middle Ages. In 1918, a flu epidemic killed 50 million persons, approximately 30% of the world population, a much larger impact than War that had just ended. Due to globalization, diseases spread more quickly today - such as the rapid spread of swine flu. Accelerating the growth of globalization processes bring changes affecting the world in the areas of individual and collective life and have radically transformed the way we communicate, eating food and living conditions and environment. The impact of this global interdependence is the determinant of health, as a result, national policies and international strategies apply for a new approach and in particular the promotion and protection of health. In this sense, health has become a "global", when people first began to live on the planet mention recent cases related to HIV or SARS.

4. Need for action Viruses and bacteria do not stop at national borders. Similarly, as a result of pollution and human activity have effects on the entire planet, not just in the countries most responsible for their release to the environment. It is enough to think of actions for changes in lifestyles. But the right of "Global Citizenship" we must also safeguard health. For the World Health Organization (WHO), the Committee on Health and the United Nations has defined a set of rules and regulations prohibiting or limiting the international spread of disease. National borders are not a barrier to the spread of health care and health policy needed. Or something International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank have put in place structural programs and investments in health systems and services worldwide, especially in countries with debt, transform and reconfigure models and global standards. The violence caused by ethnic and religious hatred is not a new phenomenon. Today it is associated with leaving the shadow of traditional economic structures at a time when global trade has expanded and split into many existing political structures caused by the spread of information technologies.

5. Strategies for managing these threats

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These international threats often seem scattered and vague. Given that lacks agreements, governments are doing too little to give them the advantage or pursue credible prevention strategies. The question is whether the international community can afford to take these risks, given how little prarasysh priority given preventive counterterrorism strategy before the September 11 terrorist attacks. This does not mean to give the priority to these threats and to follow preventive strategies will be easy. During the implementation of preventive strategies, governments should be prepared for circumstances only theoretically possible and will often have to make difficult step before the real danger occurs. They should gather accurate information, reliable and have available before it be given the opportunity to act. They have to win political support for their programs and provide resources that are unlikely to be successful and why preventive measures are such that cost less than coping with tragedy after they occurred. Although it is always good to do a further analysis, the key elements of preventive strategies against threats are clear. Preventing attacks new standard requires security and systems that provide earlier warning and attack strategy. Governments should grant this information private businesses both domestically and abroad. Reducing global warming depends on the changes to be made in human akitvitetet burning fuel, gasoline and coal. With the 1997 Kyoto Protocol focused on releasing into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases and presented a credible prevention strategies where mrereshin possessions that were enforceable and legally binding. Besides global surveillance and operational systems, distribution of medicines and medical supplies where they are lacking, it is essential to prevent diseases. Preventing ethnic violence depends on the understanding of its causes in each country, the creation of advisory systems in the implementation of appropriate policies, warning of a conflict, and if necessary outside interference. Taking these strategies in practice means that governments and private businesses to take new measures and costly for the safety of their information systems. Governments will have to extend to domestic regulations and face the commercial losses resulting from the reduction of the spread of toxins greenhouse effect. They will need to find sources other than those that are available in the fight against infectious diseases so far. A commission on macroeconomics and health held recently determined that will have an annual investment of 62 million dollars in health service to distribute medicines and basic services to more than 2 million people who do not have these. The contribution required from rich countries will go up to half of the amount they are to help them deliver the. Governments will need to act well before the ethnic violence caused great human suffering. So the question is whether these international threats are serious enough to undertake the difficult political actions that are necessary for preventive strategies to be reliable.

6. In the background: the hidden causes of international threats

Large economic benefits derived from worldwide expansion of trade by numerous opportunities for foreign direct investment and the movement of capital easily from state to state. But each of these aspects of globalization nascent economic consequences of the unemployment problem in the form of anger that comes as a result of the perception of economic inequality and financial instability. These economic difficulties affecting the hidden causes of various forms of international criminal activities, the lack of attention to environmental security, funding cuts in health and other social services, large scale migration and refugee movements on a scale that governments do not prohibit it. Consequently, these create the environment where some of the international threats emerge. Treating the problem that brings economic consequences of globalization is important not only for economic reasons but also for security reasons. Economic disruption and dissatisfaction can in principle be addressed through education programs against unemployment and health insurance and investments to improve the physical and social infrastructure. The problem lies in the fact that political support for such interventions by governments and comes with declining social security programs are becoming increasingly difficult to cope with a competitive global economy and integrated.

7. Conclusion It is of particular importance and international gjithkombtar be supported and strengthened globazimi compulsive prostitution diseases which from day to day is penetrating the human health risks, especially to people often curse. This should be supported by all countries of the world, especially from those countries that have economic globalization to develop on a large scale. These countries should medeomos WHO supports and promotes regional international community and the UN health financially in the fight against globalization of infectious diseases that are dramatically threatening human health and life. However, it is to fight global warming by destroying that very cold winters and very hot summers favors ambijet quite suitable for rapid and rapid development of bacteria, germs and viruses as causes of pamohushm the pandemics of infectious diseases.

Recommendations WHO international community for UN health to be associated with national public health institutes in the continents on the exchange of information in cases of hours a rresikut
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emergence and spread of any disease ngjitse.OBSH States and UN SAC medeomos to equip the PHC with more sophisticated medical equipment for decoration time affected adversely affected by an infectious disease such as anallog detection through terminals with different people who carry weapons. SAC WHO and the UN should consider establishing quarantine within the terminal, the sole purpose of isolating the spot to touch any suspicious diseases. The formation of groups of professionals who were experts in analyzing and verifying the final practitioner who was exported to different countries of the world and suspicious goods will exterminate you.