RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION 1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND 2. ADDRESS NAME OF THE INSTITUTION 3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE 5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC A COMPERATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE IN SELECTED RURAL AND URBAN AREAS, MYSORE. MR. VISHNU KUMAR NAMA CAUVERY COLLEGE OF NURSING, MYSORE CAUVERY COLLEGE OF NURSING, MYSORE M.SC NURSING I YEAR PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 30.06.2008

6. 6.1

BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK NEED FOR STUDY: 1

Last scene of all, That ends this strange, eventfully history, is second childishness and mere oblivion? Sans teeth, sans taste, sans everything. William Shakespeare. Ageing is a universal process which every living organism has to pass through as a biological imperative life. In the words of Scneca old age is an incurable disease but recently Sir James Ross commented you do not heal the age. You protected it, you promote it, you extended it. 1 The term aged, elderly is use to describe a section of human population usually a particular group of person who has reached certain chronological age. The old age trediationally begins at 60 years after retirement from the services or disengaged from the business.2 According to the United Nations, the population of the World stood around 6.1 Billion in the dawn of 21 st century and likely to increase to 9.3 Billion by 2050. Between 2000 and 2150, the Global age population is likely to multiply almost by four-fold that is 595 million to 2 Billion. The same phenomenon is expected in both growth rates of the elderly and its proportional in coming decades. The proportion of the elderly people is expected to increase from 10% in 2000, 15% in 2025 and 21.1% in 2050 respectively.3 India is in a phase of demographic transition, as per 1991 census, the population of the elderly people in India was 57 Million as compared with 20 Million in 1951. There has been a sharp increase in the number of elderly persons between 1991 and 2001 and it as been projected that by the year 2050 number of elderly would be rise to above 324 million. India has thus acquired the level of An Ageing Nation with 7.7% of its population begins more than 60 years old.4 The 60th National sample survey collected data on the old age dependence ratio in New Delhi. It was found to be higher in Rural areas 125 than Urban areas 103. With regard to the state of economic development, a higher number of males in rural areas, 313 per 1000 were fully dependent as compared with 296 per 1000 males in urban areas. 5 According to census of India the number of elderly people found in Karnataka is 4062 Million that is 7.7% of total population.6 2

A study was conducted on quality of life among urban and rural community elderly people. The sample size was 4424 of 65 years of age. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The study result shows that the urban norms were significantly higher then the rural norms. Women has significantly poorer scores than men (P<0.05) except for social functioning. The study concluded that there were significant differences between urban and rural elderly population. The urban elderly population had been greatest health related quality of life and rural elderly population had the poorest health related quality of life.7 A study was conducted on physical, economic, social and psychological problems of old people. 50 respondents were taken up for the study. The data were collected through personal interview method. The study results shows that rural aged placed physical problems first, followed by economic, psychological and social problems. The study concluded that the psychological problems of the urban aged and the rural aged was found to be equal.8 A study was conducted on quality of life in old age. The study consisted 565 old people of 76 years. The study result were analyzed in relation to health and socio demographic factors. Majority of the subjects leave dependently and felt healthy and some diagnosed disease or disorders. The study concluded that the sample reported a satisfactory quality of life and women reported more pain, emotional, sleep and mobility problems than men.9 A study was conducted on quality of life and its associated factors among some elderly residents. The study sample size was 350 elderly people. They were interviewed by questionnaire method to collect information. Statistical analysis methods such as T-test and ANOVA was use to find which factors effected quality of life. The study result shows that the physical problems were significantly related to role limitation of all aged.10 In view of the above study and from the investigator experience while interacting elderly people it was observed that many had a change in lifestyle and life following the aging process. The investigator also wanted to know what it must be for an elderly people whose status is often taken for granted. 3

Besides nurses are also required to care for elderly people a knowledge of quality of life and problems of elderly people can equip the nurse to provide holistic care to them. Hence the researcher is interested to know the quality of 6.2. life between rural and urban communities. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Review of literature is a key steps in research process. The typical purpose for analysis or reviewing literature is to generate research questions to identify what is known and not known abut a topic. The major goal of review of literature is to develop a strong knowledge based to carry out research and other non research scholarly activities.11 The review of literature of the study are as follows: A study was conducted on the quality of life among the elderly in the rural and pastoral districts. The study sample size was 421 old people. The study finding revealed that the level of quality of life of the elderly in the pastoral district was significantly higher than that in the rural district. The study concluded that the population with older age, low education, no spouse and low income should be viewed as the priority of attention and their difficulties fully considered when setting up he policy of health care and social security.12 A study was conducted on the quality if life in old age described as a sense well-being, meaning and value. The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged 75. Data were gathered by means of structured personal interviews. The correlation among the variables related to quality of life were significant but the result of the regression analyses shows that the individual aspects of quality of life did not have identical explanatory models.13 A study was conducted on quality of life perceptions and social comparisons in healthy old age. The study sample size was 190 aged 65 or more years. The study finding was that positive orientation, optimistic orientation and the use of contrast rather than identification comparisons associated with a better reported quality of life. The study appears to be adaptive and functional in enhancing perceived quality of life.14 A study was conducted on the emotional status of the aged. The sample consisted of 120 elderly, in that 60 institutionalized and 60 non institutionalized with equal number of males and females. The finding reveled 4

that age was found to have significant effect in any of the emotional status. A significantly negative relationship was found between loneliness, depression, hopelessness and income. Conclusion shows that institutionalization might lead to poor mental health.15 A study was conducted on physical disabilities and psychological aspect of rural geriatric people. The sample size was 182 aged 60 years and above. Geriatric depression scale was used to assess their depression status. The study finding reveled that there was a significantly increased in number of aged P<0.001. The study concluded that with the increase in age, there was a significant decrease in the number of depressed geriatric persons.16 A study was conducted on influence of socio demographic and neighbor factors on self rated health and quality of life in rural communities. The study sample size was 1738 aged 65 yeas and above. The study finding was 23.8% of the sample reported poor self rated health, 22.2% poor quality of life and 50.1% low perceived opportunities for change. The study concluded that interrelations between indicators of health status, well being and deprivation are not well studied in rural communities.17 A study was conducted on the experience of quality of life among older people. The study was conducted with 6 women and 5 men aged 80 years and above living in their home. The study concluded that the quality of life in old age was more complex than some of todays most commonly used quality of life and need assessment tools to measure beyond pure health indices.18 A study was conducted on quality of life among older people with poor functioning in the influence of perceived control over life. Random samples of 999 people with aged 65 years were interviewed. The study concluded that people with difficulty in physical functioning who perceive their quality of life to be not good, as opposed to good were adversely effected by a higher burden of disease and having fever socio-psychological resources to help them to cope effectively.19 A study was conducted on social capacity and quality of life in old age. The sample size was 1,135 elderly person aged 60 and above. The study concluded that advanced age, poor household economic status, and low socio capital at individual and community levels were significant determinant of 5

6.3.

poor quality among the elderly.20 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A comparative study to assess the quality of life among elderly people residing in selected rural and urban areas, Mysore. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. Assess the quality of life among elderly people residing in selected rural and urban areas. 2. Compare the quality of life among elderly people residing in selected rural and urban areas. 3. Find out the association between quality of life with selected demographic variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS: 1. Assess: It refers to the quality of life among elderly people. 2. Quality of life: It refers to the level of satisfaction in life as experienced and expressed by the individual in terms of physically, psychologically, socially and spiritually. 3. Elderly people: It refers to the people whose age are 60 years and above. 4. Urban areas: It refers to the town or city where the elderly people live and work. 5. Rural areas: It refers to the village where the elderly people reside. HYPOTHESIS: H1 : There will be significant difference between elderly people residing in rural and urban areas. ASSUMPTIONS: It is assumed that:1. The quality of life among elderly people will be varies between rural and urban areas, Mysore. 2. The quality of life among elderly people will be varied from individual to individual. DELIMITATION: 1. Study is delimited to elderly people aged 60 and above who are staying in rural and urban areas. 2. Elderly people who are available during the period of the study. PROJECTED OUTCOME: 1. The quality of life of elderly people will be comparably varies between 6

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rural and urban areas. 2. The study would determine the relationship between the quality of life 7.0 7.1. and the demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SOURCE OF DATA Data will be collected from the elderly people who are residing in selected rural and urban areas, 7.2. 7.2.1 . Mysore. METHOS OR COLLECTION OF DATA: SAMPLING CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Individual aged 60 years and above. 2. Both male and female. 3. Elderly people who are able to read and write Kannada & English. EXCULSIVE CRITERIA 4. Who are willing to participate? 1. Elderly people who have not give consent for the study. 2. Not available during the study. 3. Individuals who are suffering from diagnosable physical and mental illness. 7.2.2 . 7.2.3 RESEARCH DESIGN VARIABLES UNDER STUDY: DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDIPENDENT VARIABLE ATTRIBUTAED VARIABLE Elderly people Quality of life Socio demographic factors like age, sex, income, religion, occupation and 7.2.4 SETTING OF THE STUDY: education. In selected urban and rural areas, Mysore. 7 Descriptive design

7.2.5

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

The investigator will use convenience sampling methods to draw the samples. The sample size consist of 40/40 elderly people. 1. Demographic porfoma of elderly people. 2. A structure questionnaire comprising of two sections: Section I Contains socio demographic data. Section II Contains assessment related to quality of life of elderly people. A prior formal permission will be obtained from the concern authority; the purpose of the will be explained, an informal consent will be obtained from the subjects. A structure questionnaire will be administered to assess the quality of life. The proposed study duration is 30 days. The investigator will use data analysis in terms of objectives using statistical methods. Te plan data analysis will be as follows: 1. Organize the data in a master sheet / computer. 2. Frequencies and percentage for the data analysis of background data. 3. Quality of life will be analyzed by t test. 4. Association of quality of life with selected demographic variable 8

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SAMPLE SIZE: TOOLS FOR RESEARCH:

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DATA COLLECTION

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METODS OF DATA ANAYSIS AND PRESENTATION:

will be analyzed by chi-square 7.3. DOES THE STUDY REQUEST (2). ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY. Yes, the study requires administration of structure questionnaire for data collection on quality of life from elderly people in selected rural and urban 7.4 areas, Mysore. HAS ETHICAL CLERANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION? Yes inform concern will be obtained from the institution authority and subject. Privacy, confidentiality and anonymity will be maintained with honesty and 8. impartiality. LIST OF REFERENCES: 1. Swaminathan. Integration of the aged into the development process in India. Research and development journal, 2005; 7(2). P. 3-8. 2. Aiken L R. An introduction to Gerontology. London: Sega publication: 1995. p. 112-18. 3. Hayward MD, Zhenmei Zhang. The demographic revolution in population ageing. A century of change, 1950-2050 5th ad. New York: Academic press 2001. p. 69-85. 4. Irudaya Rajan S. Demographic of aging. Situational analysis and planning for the future. New Delhi: Rekmo press: 2003. 5. Ingle GK, Wath A. Geriatric health in India: concern and solution Indian. J. community med. 2008; 33(2): p. 214-18.
6. Prasad,

Syam.

Life

of

elderly

in

India:

available

from

http://www.mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5935/ 7. Tsai SY, Chi LY, Lee LS, Chou P. Health related quality of life among elderly in urban and rural communities. J. formos. med. Assoc. 2004 Mar; 103(3): p. 196-204. 8. Oberoi K, Seema Dey. Physical, Economic Social and Psychological problems old people. Indian psychological review 1990; 36(2): p. 1-12. 9. Grimpy A, Wiklund I. Health related quality of life in old age. Journal of social medicine 1994; 22(4): p.7-14. 10. Lim JY, Park J, Kang MG, Ryu SY. Quality of life and its associate 9

factors among some elderly residents. J-prev. med. Public health. 2007 Sep; 40(5): p. 337-444. 11. Basavanthappa BT. Nursing research. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers: 2001. p. 49-50. 12. Wang S, Li L, Li J. Study on quality of life among elderly in the rural and postoral district. 1997 Oct; 25(3): p. 38-44. 13. Anneli Sarvimaki, Bttina Stenbock. Quality of life in old age describe as a sense well being, meaning and value. Journal of advance nursing; 32(4): p.1025-33. 14. Dhillon PK, Shalini S. Emotional status of the institutionalized aged. Psycho-social aspect of aging in India. 1st ed. New Delhi: Ahok Kumar Mithal concept publishing company: 1992. p. 210-15. 15. Grahan J, Pamela M, Kenealy. Quality of life perceptions and social comparison in healthy old age. 2006 April; 6 URL: http://www.jounal.cambridge.org 16. Thilakarathi S. Physical disabilities and the psychological aspect of rural Geriatric people. 1993; 28(2): p. 138-46. 17. Tay JB, Kelleher CC, Hope A, Bary M, Gabhainn SN. Influence of socio demographic and neighborhood factors on self rated health and quality of life in rural communities. 2001 June; 25(2): p. 172-80.
18. Gunilla Borgline, Anna-Karin Edberg, Ingalill Rahm Hallberg. The

experience of quality of life among older people available from URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com 19. Ann Bowling, Shao Seetai, Richard morris, Shah Ebrahi. Quality of Life among adult people with poor functioning. 2004 Nov; 58(11): p. 904-11. 20. Nilsson J, Ranna AK, Kabir ZN. Study to assess quality of life among old age. Journal Aging health 2006 June; 18(3): p. 419-34.

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