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Aerospace Competency Model Tier Name 1 Personal Effectiveness Interpersonal Skills Initiative Reading Engineering & Technology Tier Block Integrity Professionalism

F O U Academic N 2 Competencies D A T I O Workplace N 3 Competencies

Dependability & Reliability Lifelong Learning Writing CommunicationListening & Speaking Planning & Organizing Checking, Examining, & Recording Mathematics Critical & Analytical Thinking Innovation and Invention Science Basic Computer Skills Problem Solving & Decision Making

Teamwork Working with Tools and Technology

Business Fundamentals

I IndustryN Wide D 4 Technical U Competencies S T R Y

Aerospace Fundamentals Project Management & Quality Assurance

Design & Development Aviation Maintenance

Product & Parts Manufacturing Environmental, Safety & Health

Tier Name Tier 1 -Personal Effectiveness Competencies

Block Information Interpersonal Skills: Displaying skills to work with others from diverse backgrounds. Interact appropriately and respectfully with supervisors and coworkers Respect the opinions, perspectives, customs, and individual differences of others Use appropriate strategies and solutions for dealing with conflicts and differences to maintain a smooth workflow Integrity: Displaying accepted social and work behaviors. Accept responsibility for one's decisions and actions Comply with ethical standards for your field

Take responsibility for accomplishing work goals within accepted timeframes Treat others with honesty, fairness, and respect Professionalism: Maintaining a professional demeanor at work. Accept criticism and attempt to learn from mistakes Demonstrate positive attitude towards work Demonstrate self-control by maintaining composure and dealing calmly with stressful situations Dress appropriately for occupation and maintain appropriate personal hygiene Refrain from substance abuse Initiative: Demonstrating a willingness to work. Establish and maintain personally challenging, but realistic work goals Persist at a task despite interruptions, obstacles, or setbacks Pursue work with energy, drive, and effort to accomplish tasks Strive to exceed standards and expectations Take initiative in seeking out new responsibilities and work challenges Dependability & Reliability: Displaying responsible behaviors at work. Behave consistently, predictably, and reliably Comply with organizational rules, policies, and procedures Follow written and verbal directions Fulfill obligations, complete assignments, and meet deadlines Lifelong Learning: Displaying a willingness to learn and apply new knowledge and skills. Broaden knowledge and skills through science fairs, reading publications, job shadowing, and continuing education Demonstrate an interest in personal and professional lifelong learning and development Seek feedback, and modify behavior for improvement Take charge of personal career development by identifying personal interests and career pathways Treat unexpected circumstances as opportunities to learn and adopt new techniques Use newly learned knowledge and skills to complete specific tasks Tier 2 Academic Competencies Reading: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in workrelated documents. Identify relevant details, facts, specifications, and main ideas Infer or locate meaning of unknown or technical vocabulary Locate, understand, and interpret written technical and non-technical information in documents such as manuals, regulations, procedures,

reports, memos, graphs, charts, tables, schedules, and signs Understand the essential message and purpose of written materials Writing: Using standard English to compile information and prepare written reports. Communicate thoughts, ideas, information, and messages, which may contain technical material, in a logical, organized, and coherent manner Create documents such as letters, directions, manuals, reports, graphs, and flow charts Use correct English spelling, grammar, and punctuation to produce logical and accurate written correspondence, instructions, and documentation Write words, numbers, sentences, reports, and data using technical terminology and notations Mathematics: Using principles of mathematics such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry to solve problems. Know and apply mathematical principles: Number Systems and Relationships - whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and percentages Number Operations, Computation and Estimation - addition, subtraction, multiplication and division Measurement and Estimation - measurement of time, temperature, distances, length, width, height, perimeter, area, volume, weight, velocity, and speed. Conversion from one measurement to another (e.g., from English to metric) Mathematical Notation - the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas Mathematical Reasoning and Problem Solving - inductive and deductive reasoning, conjectures, arguments, strategies, and interpretation of results Statistics and Data Analysis - collection, reporting and analysis of data Probability and Predictions - calculating probability to make predictions Algebra and Functions - equations, patterns, and functions Geometry - shapes and using geometric principles to solve problems Trigonometry - triangles and trigonometric functions Calculus - concepts of exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, vectors, complex numbers, conic sections, and analytic geometry Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Conduct scientific investigations Describe, explain, predict scientific phenomena

Identify relevant chemical, mechanical, biological, electrical, and physical properties of materials Interpret scientific evidence and draw conclusions Know and apply scientific principles: Scientific Inquiry - Scientific Method (identify problems, collect information, form opinions, draw conclusions) and apply basic scientific research Physical Science (Chemistry and Physics) - properties of matter, structure of atoms, energy, motion and forces Earth and Space Science - origin and evolution of the universe and earth systems, geology, meteorology, astronomy, hydrology, and oceanography Understand the scientific method (identify problems, collect information, form opinions, draw conclusions) and apply basic scientific research Engineering & Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. Design Attributes of design Artificial intelligence and design Computerized standard test and test bench development Instrumentation Testing models Modeling, control, and tele-operation (operation at a distance) Scientific visualization and animation techniques Automation/robotics Engineering Functions Determine appropriate uses of technology Design, analyze, and construct objects or processes for practical purposes Use mathematics to solve practical work-related problems Use engineering principles for project analysis, design, testing, implementation Use basic design techniques, tools, and principles to produce precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models Formulate mathematical models or other methods of computer analysis to develop, evaluate, or modify design Design, operate, and maintain technological systems and equipment Conduct troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem-solving Understand basic principles of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software

 Know and apply engineering principles to material selection and processing method alternatives Communication-Listening & Speaking: Giving full attention to what others are saying and speaking in English well enough to be understood by others. Listening Receive, attend to, interpret, understand, and respond to verbal messages and other cues Apply active listening skills using reflection, restatement, questioning, and clarification Understand and interpret verbal and non-verbal communication Pick out important information in verbal messages Understand complex instructions Speaking/Presenting Speak clearly and confidently using common English conventions including proper grammar, tone, and pace Express information to individuals or groups taking into account the audience and the nature of the information (e.g., explain technical concepts to non-technical audiences) Understand and use non-verbal communication consistent with verbal communication Present ideas in a persuasive manner Critical & Analytical Thinking: Using logic, reasoning, and analysis to address problems. Analyze and break down complex systems into their component parts Draw conclusions from relevant or missing information Explain the relationship and interdependency of the part and the system Organize problems into manageable parts Understand the underlying relationship among facts and connections between issues Use inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze, synthesize, compare, and interpret information Basic Computer Skills: Using a computer and related applications to input and retrieve information. Applications Use word processing programs to compose, organize, and edit simple documents and other business communications Use electronic mail to communicate and Internet applications to search for information Use spreadsheet, database, and presentation software Enter data and type materials quickly and accurately and Double check work carefully and identify/correct typographical errors

 Manage file storage: use functions to store, retrieve, and sort detailed records Basic Computer Knowledge Understand and efficiently use basic computer hardware (e.g. PCs, printers) and software (e.g. word processing software, spreadsheet software) to perform tasks Understand common computer terminology (e.g., program, operating system) and is familiar with the fundamental capabilities of computers Tier 3 Workplace Competencies Teamwork: Working cooperatively with others to complete work assignments. Accept membership in and identify with the goals of a team Be open to considering new ways of doing things and the merits of new approaches to work Collaborate with others to formulate team objectives and develop consensus for best outcome Give and receive feedback constructively Identify roles of team members and effectively communicate with all members of the team Use teamwork skills to achieve goals, solve problems, and manage conflict Work effectively with multi-disciplinary teams Planning & Organizing: Planning and prioritizing work to manage time effectively and accomplish assigned tasks. Adaptability/Flexibility Change gears in response to unpredictable or unexpected events, pressures, situations, and job demands Effectively change plans, goals, actions, or priorities to deal with changing situations Planning & Organizing Approach work in a methodical manner Apply effective organizational skills Develop and implement a plan for a project Keep track of details to ensure work is performed accurately and completely Find new ways of organizing or planning work to accomplish tasks more efficiently Time Management Develop a timeline for sequencing the activities of a project Establish specific goals to accomplish work in a timely manner Prioritize various competing tasks and perform them efficiently according to their urgency

 Ensure that others receive needed materials in time Stay on schedule Keep all parties informed of progress and all relevant changes to project timelines Innovation and Invention: Formulating new ideas for and applications of processes and products. Creative Thinking Employ unique analyses and generate new, innovative ideas in complex areas Reframe problems in a different light to find fresh approaches Entertain wide-ranging possibilities to develop unique approaches and useful solutions Understand the pieces of a system as a whole and possess a big picture view of the situation Integrate seemingly unrelated information to develop creative solutions Develop innovative methods of obtaining or using resources when insufficient resources are available Identify Opportunities Identify needs, wants, and problems as they are changing Seek out opportunities to develop and offer new products and services Seek out opportunities to improve, streamline, reinvent work processes Methods for the Creation and Improvement of Products and Processes Understand and apply lean six sigma methods for creation and/or improvement of products/processes Define problems that affect customer value and impact company financially Select and apply appropriate quantitative and qualitative techniques in applications in aerospace Research and Development Analyze the failure of other projects as research for a possible new venture Conduct experiment and application Identify design trends Design a system, product, or service Technology Transfer Identify scientific research which has potential commercial value Analyze the consequences of societal or technological change Develop practical applications for the results of scientific research Apply newly created technology to new, innovative, productive uses Problem Solving & Decision Making: Applying knowledge of STEM

principles to solve problems by generating, evaluating, and implementing solutions. Choose and Implement a Solution Decisively choose the best solution after contemplating available approaches to the problem Consider the technical and cultural (and other non-technical) factors in the decision process Commit to a solution in a timely manner Use strategies, tools, resources, and equipment to implement the solution Observe and evaluate the outcomes of implementing the solution to assess the need for alternative approaches and to identify lessons learned Generate Alternatives Generate a variety of approaches to the problem Think creatively to develop new ideas for and answers to work related problems Use logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems Identify criteria and constraints Apply concepts of probability to help make decisions Identify the Problem Anticipate or recognize the existence of a problem Identify the nature of the problem by analyzing its component parts and defining critical issues Identify, obtain, and review information relevant to the problem Working with Tools and Technology: Selecting, using, and maintaining tools and technology to facilitate work activity. Keeping Current Demonstrate an interest in learning about new and emerging tools and technologies Identify sources of information concerning state-of-the-art tools, equipment, materials, technologies and methodologies Seek out opportunities to improve knowledge of tools and technologies that may assist in streamlining work and improving productivity Maintenance Perform routine maintenance on tools, technology, and equipment Determine causes of operating errors and decide what to do about it Troubleshoot maintenance problems in accordance with established procedures Selection & Application Identify, select, and apply tools or technological solutions appropriate

to the task at hand (e.g., use statistical tools to show reliability of data, use probes and sensors to collect data) Identify potential hazards related to the use of tools and equipment Operate tools and equipment in accordance with established operating procedures and safety standards Use information technology and computer applications as it supports the gathering, storage, manipulation, and transfer of data and information Checking, Examining, & Recording: Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic format. Apply techniques for observing and gathering data Complete required maintenance forms, records, and inspection reports Detect and correct errors or inconsistencies, even under time pressure Organize records and files to maintain data Record data with the correct number of significant figures Business Fundamentals: Knowledge of basic business principles, trends, and economics. Business Ethics Demonstrate knowledge of the similarities among and differences between ethics, law, morals, and etiquette Act in the best interest of the company, the community, and the environment Comply with applicable laws and rules governing work and report loss, waste, or theft of company property to appropriate personnel Legal/Financial Maintain privacy and confidentiality of company information, as well as that of customers and co-workers Comply with intellectual property laws Protect trade secrets Situational Awareness Understand trends in the industry and the company's position in the market Recognize one's role in the functioning of the company and understand the potential impact one's own performance can have on the success of the organization Stay current on organizational strategies to maintain competitiveness Sustainability Practice sustainability by using processes that are non-polluting; conserve energy and natural resources; are economically sound; and safe for employees, communities, and consumers

 Explain how sustainable practices contribute to economic growth, social objectives, and environmental stewardship Tier 4 Technical Competencies Aerospace Fundamentals: Knowledge of the aerospace industry and its principles, its key sectors, and relevant laws and regulations. Technical Content Areas

Aerospace Sectors Product and Parts Manufacturing Engineering Services Testing Laboratories Space Research and Technology National Defense Customer Service/Support Technical Support/Field Service

Areas of Specialization Avionics Aerodynamics Aeronautics Celestial Mechanics Propulsion Thermodynamics Quality Assurance Training Industry Standards and Certifications Critical Work Functions

Develop understanding of security clearance process and requirements Explain the properties and applications of materials frequently used in the aerospace industry Identify key differences and similarities among aerospace industry sectors

Laws & Regulations Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) maintenance specifications

American Transport Association (ATA) codes Minimum Equipment Lists Federal Acquisition Regulations (FARs) Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) Airworthiness Directives Advisory Circulars National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) International Air Transport Association (IATA) Import/Export Requirements

Learn and apply appropriate aerospace terminology Locate and comply with relevant local, state, federal, and international laws and regulations that impact the industry

Materials Application Metals Plastics/Polymers Composites Ceramics Fluids

Obtain required security clearance, if necessary Review procedures to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements Understand the requirements for certification in aerospace fields Design & Development: Application of engineering and mathematical principles to design aerospace components. Analyze the impact of engineering from multiple perspectives, such as economic, ethical, health and safety Be familiar with type design certification requirements; designing to comply with applicable aeronautical regulatory agencies (FAA, EASA, etc.)

Conduct tests to determine whether equipment, software, or procedures are operating as expected Demonstrate knowledge of product lifecycle models and acquisition models Develop design criteria for aeronautical or aerospace products or systems, including testing methods, production costs, quality standards, and completion dates Develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space exploration, often specializing in areas such as structural design, guidance, navigation and control, instrumentation and communication, or production methods Develop prototypes of aerospace components Technical Content Areas

Engineering & Design Systems Engineering Electrical Engineering Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Optical Engineering Chemical Engineering Software Engineering Launch Systems Engineering

Evaluate and improve the producibility, reliability, safety, and maintainability of alternate product and process designs Evaluate product data and design from inspections and reports for conformance to design criteria, engineering principles, customer requirements, safety, and quality standards Formulate conceptual design of aeronautical or aerospace products or systems Know and apply new product and process development methods Plan and conduct experimental, environmental, operational, and stress tests on models and prototypes of aircraft and aerospace systems and equipment

Tools and Technology Computer-aided design (CAD) software Robotics Lasers Advanced electronic optics Mathematical models Analytical or scientific software Compliance software Development environment software Data base user interface and query software Graphics or photo imaging software Industrial control software Communications systems Drafting and design Desktop publishing Electronics communication Graphic communications Multimedia technology Networking systems

Product & Parts Manufacturing: Assembly, installation, inspection, and repair of aerospace components. Critical Work Functions

Carry out procedures for producing, assembling, and installing aerospace components Technical Content Areas

Industrial Planning Shop floor control models Manufacturing resource planning Change management Improvement methods Bills of Materials Safety principles Schematic drawings, diagrams, blueprints, specifications, work orders, and reports Aircraft, missiles, or space vehicles component manufacturing Aerospace engines, propulsion units, auxiliary equipment or parts

 Aircraft conversion (i.e., major modifications to systems) Complete aircraft or propulsion system overhaul and rebuilding Non-destructive testing methods

Interpret schematic drawings, diagrams, blueprints, specifications, work orders, and reports in order to determine materials requirements and assembly instructions Manage raw materials/consumables Operate and control production/lab equipment

Production, Assembly, and Installation Aerospace component assembly procedures Laser materials processing Friction stir processing High speed machining Abrasive slurry cutting Composites manufacturing Electronics material processing Joining, welding, and assembly processes

Use state-of-the-art tools and assembly techniques to create and assemble aerospace products and parts Project Management & Quality Assurance: Management of projects to ensure products and processes meet quality system requirements as defined by the industry and customer specifications. Analyze project requests and proposals and engineering data to determine feasibility, producibility, cost, safety, and production time of aerospace or aeronautical product Technical Content Areas

Continuous Improvement Benchmarking and best practice Business process reengineering

 Data analysis Performance improvement strategies Systems analysis

Correct the product and process to meet quality standards Employ audits and inspections to maintain the quality and continuous improvement process Meet and maintain certification requirements Monitor production for product and process quality, cost and schedule Prepare and submit budget estimates and progress and cost tracking reports Prepare contracts and negotiate revisions, changes and additions to contractual agreements

Project Management and Execution Strategic planning/global competitiveness Project management tools and techniques (e.g. Deming Cycle) Product lifecycle management (PLM) software Lean manufacturing/Six Sigma Contract management Procurement cycle Supply chain logistics Material and resource management Organizational design and management Operations research, analysis, and forecasting Personnel management methods Labor relations Accounting/finance/economics Social responsibility

Quality Management Quality requirements and inspection methods Internal and external auditing procedures International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 Supplier and sub-tier quality assurance relationships First article inspections Warehousing requirements to support lot traceability

Review and approve purchase orders Schedule the project in logical steps and budget time required to meet deadlines Support and maintain quality systems Use quality and continuous improvement processes to improve safety, quality, cost and schedule performance Aviation Maintenance: Inspection, servicing, and repair aircraft components and systems. Technical Content Areas

Airframe Structures, Systems, & Components Wood structures Aircraft covering Aircraft finishes Sheet metal and non-metallic structures Aircraft landing gear systems Hydraulic and pneumatic power systems Cabin atmosphere control systems Aircraft instrument systems Communication and navigation systems Aircraft fuel systems Aircraft electrical system Position and warning systems Ice and rain control systems Fire protection systems Adhesives; substrate preparation, mixing and application, shelf-life Manufacture of composite parts Corrosion control Metal processing including welding, annealing, heat treating

Critical Work Functions

Communicate to appropriate personnel possible discrepancies and defects that could affect airworthiness of aircraft Conduct work in a safe manner Identify and select appropriate nondestructive testing methods

Identify general types of aircraft, engines, propellers, and rotors Know and apply inspection procedures involved in testing aircraft and missile systems under simulated operational conditions Perform systems readiness tests and pre- and post-operational checkouts Perform troubleshooting on faulty systems and components Plan and conduct routine maintenance checks and incorporate unscheduled, non-routine tasks

Powerplant Systems & Components Engine instrument systems Engine fire protection systems Engine electrical systems Lubrication systems Ignition and starting systems Fuel metering systems Engine fuel systems Induction and engine airflow systems Engine cooling systems Engine exhaust and reverser systems Propellers Turbine powered auxiliary power units

Recognize, detect, and classify defects using common techniques Record and interpret test data on parts, assemblies, and mechanisms to diagnose malfunctions Understand and apply improvement methods Understand and be able to use Automated and Built In Test equipment/features Understand and comply with aerospace standards and regulations Understand concepts of troubleshooting systems and components Understand operation of major aircraft/aerospace systems such as conditioned air, hydraulics, pneumatics, engines, fuel, etc Use aircraft drawings, symbols, and system schematics Write descriptions of work performed including aircraft discrepancies

and corrective actions using typical aircraft maintenance records Environmental, Safety & Health: Practices and procedures necessary to ensure a safe and healthy work environment. Achieve and maintain environmental certifications Identify unsafe conditions and take appropriate action Know and comply with federal and state laws related to emissions Observe rules and regulations to comply with personal and jobsite safety standards Operate safely on the shop and/or hangar floor Participate in safety training and emergency drills Technical Content Areas

Personal Safety Personal protective equipment Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements Safety Management System (SMS) policies and procedures

Properly handle and dispose of hazardous materials and commercial and industrial waste according to regulations Recognize Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and mitigate FOD damage Report unsafe conditions or accidents

Waste Management Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Clean Air Act Clean Water Act Toxic Substances Control Act Material Safety Data Sheets National Emissions Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities Environmental Certifications (ISO 14000)