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>
'
+ < <
'
'
<
. Find the
moment generating function.
7. If X is a Poisson variate such that ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 9 4 90 6 P X P X P X +
, find the
variance.
8. Comment the following: The mean of a binomial distribution is 3 and variance is 4
9. If X andY are independent binomial variates
1
5,
2
B
_
,
and
1
7,
2
B
_
,
find [ ] 3 P X Y +
10. If X is uniformly distributed with Mean1and Variance
4
3
, find [ ] 0 P X >
11. If X is ( ) 2, 3 N
ind
3
2
P Y
1
1
]
where 1 . Y X +
12. If the probability is
1
4
that a man will hit a target, what is the chance that he will hit the
target for the first time in the 7
th
trial?
PART-B
1. A random variable X has the following probability function:
Values of
( )
2 2 2
: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
: 0 2 2 3 2 7
X
P X K K K K K K K K +
Find (i) K , (ii) Evaluate ( ) ( ) 6 , 6 P X P X <
and ( ) 0 5 P X < <
(iii). Determine the distribution function of X .
2. If the probability distribution of X is given as
( )
: 1 2 3 4
: 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
X
P X
Find ( ) 1/ 2 7 / 2 1 P X X < < >
(ii). If ( )
; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
15
0 ;
x
x
P x
elsewhere
'
find (a) { } 1 2 P X or and
(b) { } 1/ 2 5/ 2 1 P X x < < >
3. X is a continuous random variable with pdf given by
( )
0 2
2 2 4
6 4 6
0
Kx in x
K in x
F X
K Kx in x
elsewhere
'
'
Find (i)
1
2
P X
_
<
,
(ii)
1 1
4 2
P x
_
< <
,
(iii)
3 1
/
4 2
P X X
_
> >
,
5. The elementary probability law of a continuous random variable is ( )
( )
0
,
b x a
f x y e
, 0 a x b < >
where a, b and
0
y
are constants. Find
0
y
, the r
th
moment about the point
x a
and also find the mean and variance.
6. The first four moments of a distribution about 4 x are 1,4,10 and 45 respectively. Show that
the mean is 5, variance is 3,
3
0
and
4
26
7. A continuous random variable X has the p.d.f ( )
2
, 0.
x
f x kx e x
Find the r
th
moment of X
about the origin. Hence find mean and variance of X.
8.Find the moment generating function of the random variable X, with probability density
function ( )
0 1
2 1 2
0
x for x
f x x for x
otherwise
<
<
'
. Also find
1
,
2
.
9. Let the random variable X have the p.d.f ( )
2
1
, 0
2
0 , .
x
e x
f x
otherwise
>
'
'
Determine A.
6. Examine whether the variables X and Y are independent, whose joint density function is
( )
( ) 1
, ,
x y
f x y xe
+
0 , x y < < .
7. If X has an exponential distribution with parameter 1. Find the pdf of y x
8. If X is uniformly distributed random variable in
,
2 2
_
,
, Find the probability density
function of . Y tanX
9. If the Joint probability density function of ( ) , x y
is given by ( ) ( ) , 24 1 , f x y y x
0 1 y x
Find ( ) E XY
.
10. If X and Y are random Variables, Prove that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , Cov X Y E XY E X E Y
11. If X andY are independent random variables prove that ( ) , 0 cov x y
12. Write any two properties of regression coefficients.
13. Write the angle between the regression lines.
14. State central limit theorem
PART-B
1. The joint probability density function of a bivariate random variable ( ) , X Y
is
( )
( ) , 0 2, 0 2
,
0 ,
XY
k x y x y
f x y
otherwise
+ < < < <
'
'
.
b) The joint probability mass function of a bivariate discrete random variable ( ) , X Y
in given
by the table.
X
Y
1 2 3
1 0.1 0.1 0.2
2 0.2 0.3 0.1
Find
i. The marginal probability mass function of X and Y .
ii. The conditional distribution of X given 1 Y .
iii. ( ) 4 P X Y + <
4.a) If X and Y are two random variables having the joint density function
( ) ( )
1
, 2
27
f x y x y + where
x
and
y
can assume only integer values 0, 1 and 2, find the
conditional distribution of Y for X x = .
b) The joint probability density function of ( ) , X Y
is given by
( )
2
2
, 0 2, 0 1
,
8
0 ,
XY
x
xy x y
f x y
otherwise
'
> >
'
'
. Find
( )
1 3
2
Y
P
X
< <
=
.
6.a) Two random variables X and Y have the following joint probability density function
( )
2 , 0 1, 0 1
,
0 ,
x y x y
f x y
otherwise
'
'
'
respectively and
r
is the
coefficient of correlation between them. If U X KY + and
x
y
y
V X
+
, find the value of k
so that U and V are uncorrelated.
b) Find the regression lines:
X 6 8 10 18 20 23
Y 40 36 20 14 10 2
11.a) Using the given information given below compute
, x y
and
r
. Also compute
y
when
2, 2 3 8
x
x y +
and
4 10 x y +
.
b) The joint pdf of X and Y is
X
Y
-1 1
0
1
8
3
8
1
2
8
2
8
Find the correlation coefficient of X and Y .
`12.a) Calculate the correlation coefficient for the following heights (in inches) of fathers X and
their sons Y .
X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
b) If X and Y are independent exponential variates with parameters 1, find the pdf of
U X Y .
13.The joint pdf of X and Y is given by ( )
( )
, , 0, 0
x y
f x y e x y
+
> > . Find the pdf of
2
X Y
U
+
.
b) If X and Y are independent random variables each following ( ) 0, 2 N
, find the pdf of
2 3 Z X Y + . If X and Y are independent rectangular variates on ( ) 0,1
find the distribution of
X
Y
.
14.a) If
1 2
, ,.....
n
X X X
are Poisson variates with parameter 2 . Use the central limit theorem
to estimate ( ) 120 160
n
P S < <
where
1 2
......
n n
s X X X + + +
and 75 n .
b) A random sample of size 100 is taken from a population whose mean is 60 and variance is
400. Using central limit theorem, with what probability can we assent that the mean of the
sample will not differ from
60
by more than 4.
15.a) If the variable
1 2 3 4
, , , X X X X
are independent uniform variates in the interval ( ) 450, 550
,
find ( )
1 2 3 4
1900 2100 P X X X X + + +
using central limit theorem.
b) A distribution with unknown mean
is a constant.
2.Find the mean and auto correlation of the Poisson process
3.Given a random variable Y with characteristic function ( ) ( )
i y
E e
and a random process
defined by ( ) ( ) cos X t t y +
; show that ( ) { }
X t
is stationary in the wide sense if
( ) ( ) 1 2 0
.
4.If ( ) { }
X t
is a Gaussian Process with ( ) 10 t
and ( )
1 2
1 2
, 16 ,
t t
C t t e
Find the probability
that i) ( ) 10 8 X
ii) ( ) ( ) 10 6 4 X X
.
5.A man either drives a car or catches a train to go to office each day. He never goes 2 days in a
row by trains but if he drives one day, then the next day he is just as likely to drive again he is to
travel by train. Now suppose that on the first day of the week, the man tossed a fair die and drove
to work if and only if a 6 appeared. Find i) The probability that he takes a train on the third day.
ii) The probability that he drives to work in the long ran.
6.Prove that the difference of two independent Poisson processes is not a Poisson process.
7.Show that the random process ( ) ( ) cos X t A t +
is wide sense stationary if Aand
are
constant and is uniformly distributed random variable ( ) 0, 2
8.Given a random process ( ) ( ) 10cos 100 X t t +
where is uniformly distributed over
( ) ,
, prove that the process ( ) { }
X t
is correlation ergodic.
9.Define a random process (stochastic process). Explain the classification of random processes.
Give an example to each class.
10.If the process ( ) { }
: 0 N t t
is a Poisson process with parameter , obtain
( ) P N t n 1
]
and ( ) E N t 1
]
11.(a).Let ( ) ( ) ( ) cos sin X t A t B t +
where A and B are independent normally distributed
random variables ( )
2
0, N
. Obtain the covariance function of ( ) { }
; X t t < <
.
(b). The auto correlation function for a stationary process ( ) X t
is given by ( ) 9 2
T
XX
R T e
+ .
Find the mean value of the R.V. ( )
2
0
y X t dt
and variance of ( ) X t
.
(c). If ( ) { }
X t
is a WSS process with auto correlation function ( )
XX
R
and if
( ) ( ) ( ) y t X t a X t a +
.Show that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2
YY XX XX XX
R R R a R a +
12.Consider two random processes
( ) ( ) 3cos X t t +
and ( ) 2cos
2
Y t t
_
+
,
where is a random variable uniformly
distribution in ( ) 0, 2
. Prove that ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0
XX YY XY
R R R .
13.Define Markov chain and explain how you would classify the states and identify different
classes of a Markov chain. Given an example to each class
14.State the postulates of a Poisson process. State its properties and establish the additive
property for the Poisson process.
15.Let X be the random variable which gives the intervals between two successive occurrences
of a Poisson process with parameter . Find out the distribution of X.
16.Find the nature of the states of the Markov chain with the TPM
0 1 0
1 1
0
2 2
1 0 0
P
_
,
and the state
space( ) 1, 2, 3
.
17.The one-step T.P.M of a Markov chain { } ; 0,1, 2,...
n
X n
having state space { } 1, 2, 3 S
is
0.1 0.5 0.4
0.6 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.4 0.3
P
1
1
1
1
]
and the initial distribution is ( )
0
0.7, 0.2, 0.1
. Find (i)
( )
2 0
3 1 P X X
(ii) ( )
2
3 P X
(iii) ( )
3 2 1 0
2, 3, 3, 1 P X X X X
.
18.Let { } ; 1, 2, 3,.....
n
X n
be a Markov chain with state space { } 0,1, 2 S
and 1 step
Transition probability matrix
0 1 0
1 1 1
4 2 4
0 1 0
P
1
1
1
1
1
]
(i) Is the chain ergodic? Explain (ii) Find the
invariant probabilities.
19.Define autocorrelation function and state its properties. Given that the autocorrelation
function for a stationary process
( ) { }
X t
,
( )
2
4
25
1 6
XX
R
+
+
. Find the mean and variance of
the process ( ) { }
X t
.
20.Three are 2 white marbles in urn A and 3 red marbles in urn B. At each step of the process, a
marble is selected from each urn and the 2 marbles selected are inter changed. Let the state
i
a
of
the system be the number of red marbles in A after i changes. What is the probability that there
are 2 red marbles in A after 3 steps? In the long run, what is the probability that there are 2 red
marbles in urn A?
UNIT IV QUEUEING THEORY
1.For ( ) ( ) / /1 : / M M FIFO
model, write down the Littles Formula.
2.For ( ) ( ) / / : / M M C N FIFO
model, write down the Formula for
a) Average number of customers in the queue.
b) Average waiting time in the system.
3.What is the probability that a customer has to wait more than 15 minutes to get his service
completed in a ( ) / /1 M M
queuing system, if 6 per hour
10
per hour?
4.What is the probability that an arrival to an infinite capacity 3 server Poisson queueing system
with
2
and
0
1
9
P entries the service without waiting.
5.In a given ( ) ( ) / /1 : / M M FCFS
queue,
0.6
, What is the probability that the queue
contain 5 or more students?
6.What is the effective arrival rate for ( ) ( ) / /1 : 4/ M M FCFS
queuing model when 2 and
5
7.a) In ( ) ( ) / /1 : / M M K FIFO
write down the expression for P
0
.
b) In ( ) ( ) / /1 : / , 3/ , 4/ , 7 M M K FIFO hr hr K
Calculate P
0
8.In ( ) ( ) / / : / , 10/ , 15/ , 2 M M S FIFO hr hr S
Calculate P
0
9.In a two server system with infinite capacity and 20/ hr and
11/ hr
, find P
0.
10.Write the steady states equations in ( ) ( ) / /1 : / M M K FIFO
where
0,1, 2... 1
n
for n K
0 for n k
1, 2, 3
n
and n
11.In ( ) ( ) / /1 : / , 3/ , 5/ , 7 M M K FIFO hr hr K
, what is the probability that the server
will be idle.
12.In ( ) ( ) / / : / , M M S K FIFO
write the expression for P
0
.
13.What is effective arrival rate in ( ) ( ) / / : / M M S K FIFO
14. ( ) ( ) / / : / In M M S K FIFO
with
3.76/ 4, 2, 7, hr and s k
compute
5
P
where
0
0.3617 P
.
PART-B
1.A repairman is to be hired to repair machines which break down at an average rate of 3 per
hour. The breakdown follows Poisson distribution. Non- productive time of machine is
considered to cost Rs.16/hr. Two repairmen have been invited. One is slow but cheap while the
other is fast and expensive. The slow repairman charges Rs.8 per hour and he services machines
at rate of 4 per hour. The fast repairman demands Rs.10 per hour and service at the average rate
of 6 per hour. Which repair man should be hired?
2.A two person barber shop has 5 chairs to accommodate waiting customers. Customers who
arrive when all 5 chairs are full leave without entering barber shop. Customers arrive at the
average rate of 4 per hour and spend an average of 12 minutes in the barbers chair. Compute
0 1
, P P
and average number of customers in the queue
3.On average 96 patients over 24 hour day require the service of an emergency classic. Also on
average a patient requires 10 minutes of active attention. Assume that the facility can handle any
one emergency at a time. Suppose that it costs the clinic Rs.100 per patient treated to obtain an
average servicing time of 10 minutes and that each minute of decrease in this average time would
cost Rs.10 per patient treated. How much would have to be budgeted by the clinic to decrease the
average size of the queue from
1
1
3
patient to
1
2
patient?
4.Obtain the expressions for steady state probability of a M/M/C queuing system
5.Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be Poisson with an average time of 12 mins.
The length of a phone call is assumed to be distributed exponentially with mean 4 min. Find the
average number of persons waiting in the system. What is the probability that a person arriving
at the booth will have to wait in the queue? Also estimate the traction of the day. Where phone
will be in use
6.There are three typists in an office. Each typist can type an average of 6 letters per hour. If
letters arrive for being typed at the rate of 15 letters per hour, what fraction of time all the typists
per hour will be busy? What is the average number of letters waiting to be types?
7.A bank has two tellers working are savings account. The first teller handles with drawals only
the second teller handles deposits only. It has been found that the service time distributions for
both deposits and withdrawals are exponential with mean service time of 3 minutes per
customer. Depositors are found to arrive in a poisson fashion through out the day with mean
arrival rate of 16 per hour withdrawals also arrive in a poisson fashion with mean arrival rate of
14 per hour. What would be the effect on the average waiting time for the customers if each
teller could handle both withdrawals and deposits?
8.In a heavy machine shop, the overhead crane is 75% utilized. Time study observations gave the
average slinging time as 10.5 minutes with a SD of 8.8 minutes. What is the average calling rate
for the service of the crane and what is the average delay in getting service? If the average
service time is cut to 8.0 minutes, with a standard deviation of 6.0 minutes, how much reduction
will occur on average in the delay of getting service?
9.A Super market has two girls ringing up sales at the customers. If the service time for each
customer is exponential with mean 4 minutes and if the people arrive in a Poisson fashion at the
rate of 10 per hour
a) What is the probability of having to wait for service?
b) What is the expected percentage if idle time for each girl?
Hence expected percentage of idle time each girl is 67%.
10.At a one man barber shop, the customers arrive following poisson process at an average rate
of 5 per hour and they are serviced according to exponential distribution with an average service.
Rate of 10 minutes assuming that only 5 seats are available for waiting customers find the
average time a customer spends in the system.
11.At a railway station, only one train is handled at a time. The railway yard is sufficient only for
two trains to wait while the other is given signal to leave the station. Trains arrive at the station at
an average of 12 per hour. Assuming poisson arrivals and exponential service distribution, find
the steady state probabilities for the number of trains in the system also find the average waiting
time of a new train coming into the yard. If the handling rate is reduced to half, what is the effect
of the above results?
12.At a port there are 6 unloading berths and 4 unloading crews. When all the berths are full,
arriving ships are diverted to an overflow facility 20 kms down the river. Tankers arrive
according to a poisson process with a mean of 1 for every 2 hrs. If it takes for an unloading crew
on the average, 10 hrs to unload a tanker, the unloading time follows an exponential distribution
Determine.
a) How many tankers one of the port on the average?
b) How long does a tanker spend at the port as the average?
13.A petrol pump has 2 pumps. The service time follows the exponential distribution with a
mean of 4 minutes and ears arrive for service in a poisson process at the rate of 10 cars per hour.
Find the probability that a customer has to want for service. What proportion of time the pumps
remain idle?
14.A supermarket has two girls serving at the customers. The customers arrive in a Poisson
fashion at the rate of 12 per hour. The service time for each customer is exponential with mean 6
minutes. Find
i) The probability that an arriving customer has to want for service.
ii) The average number of customers in the system, and
iii)The average time spent by a customer in the supermarket.
15.Four counters are being run on the frontier of a country to check the passports of the tourists.
The tourists choose a counter at random. If the arrival at the frontier is poisson at the rate and
the service time is exponential with parameter
2