Measuring system Sushruta Charaka Sharangadhara Magadha 30 Paramanu = 1 Vanshi (Trasarenu) Sharangadhara kalinga Rasaratnasamuchhaya 6 Anu = 1 Truti 6 Truti

= 1 Liksha 6 Liksha = 1 Yuka 6 Yuka = 1 Raja 6 Raja = 1 Sarshapa Conversion

6 Vanshi = 1 Marichi 6 Vanshi = 1 Marichi 6 Marichi = 1 Rajika 6 Marichi = 1 Rajika 3 Rajika = 1 Raktasarapa 8 Raktasarshapa = 1 Tandula 2 Tandula = 1 Yava (Dhanyamasha) -

3 Rajika = 1 Raktasarshapa 2 Raktasarshapa = 1 Peetasarshapa 8 Peetasarshapa = 1Yava (Dhanyaka) -

12 Gaurasarshapa 6 Sarshapa = 1 Yava - 1 Yava 120 Mg 240 Mg 360 Mg 720 Mg 1.440 Gms

2 Yava = 1 Gunja (Rattika) 2 Yava = 1 Gunja 6 Yava = 1 Gunja (Raktika) (Raktika) 6 Gunja = 1 Masha 4 M = 1 a (Dharaa / Taka) 8 Guj = 1 M 2 Gunja = 1 Nishpava 2 Gunja = 1 Valla 2 Valla = 1 Masha

4 Dhnyama = 1 4 Dhanyamasha = 1 Nipva (Ak) Nishpava (Ak) 12 Dhnyama = 4 Ak = 1 M 1 M 19 Nipva = 1 3 M = 1 a Dharaa (Ak) (Dharaa) -

4 M = 1 a 2 Masha = 1 Dharana 6 Ma = 1 Gadyaa -

2 Dharana = 1 Shana (Nika / 2.880 Gms Kal) 2 Shana (Nika) = 1 Kola (Vaaka) 5.76 Gms

8 Ma = 1 Kola 2 a = 1 Kola (Dra kaa / Vaaka / Badara)

2 a = 1 Kola (Drakaa / Vaaka / Badara / Kudraka)

2 Kola = 1 2 Kola = 1 Kara (90 2 Kola = 1 Kara (96 Guj 10 Ma = 1 2 Kola = 1 Kara (96 Guj) / 11.52 Gms Kara / Suvara / Guj) / Suvara / = 1 Tolakam) / Suvara / Kara (80 Guj) Nikacatuaya / Udumbara /

Measuring system The prevalent standard system of weights and measures was existent during the Rasashastra period. It was of two types; Kalinga and Magadha. Kalinga was preferred and used in the Kalinga region, currently Orissa state on the Eastern coast of India while Magadha was preferred and used in Magadha area, currently Bihar state in North India. These two systems are not radically different; but at certain places the texts prefer Magadha over Kalinga. Sushruta school follows Kalinga system while Charaka school follows the Magadha. The difference between the two ends at the level of Karsha and afterwards all the measures are similar. The difference is due to the starting material which differs as Kaling starts off with Gaursarshap (seed of Brassica compasstris) at baseline and Magadha starts off with the size of Paramanu (molecule) at baseline. In the later era Sharangdhar Samhita depicts both types. Types of measurement 1. Weight - Pautava 2. Volume - Druvaya 3. Length Payya. 4. Time - Kala

Weights and Measures for Rasashastra: The system is elaborated in Rasaratnasamucchaya where the baseline is an Anu (Atom) For the preparations of various (rasaushadhies) medicines Rasashastriya Mana was used. This is because Rasaushadhies act in a very small dose of 4 to 8 milligram and in pharmaceutics drugs like gold and diamond are used judiciously. Therefore the unit value of the measure is a little less than the measure system adapted by Sharangdhar, but the measuring instruments and the unit were the same. E.g: 1 karsha = 72 ratti =720mg. in Rasashastra; whereas 1 karsha = 96 ratti =960mg. in Kalinga or Magadha system. A comparison chart of Sushruta , Charaka Sharangdhara Kalinga and Magadha, Rasaratnsamucchaya is provided along with metric conversions. The actual weight of one ratti is 120 mg is confirmed by conducting one experiment. Based on that one tola is 11.52 gms. All the calculations are done accordingly.