MEC31-1 Dynamics Solution to Quiz 1 1. A freighter is moving at a speed of 8 knots when its engines are suddenly stopped.

If it takes 10 minutes for the freighter to reduce its speed to 4 knots, determine and plot the distance in nautical miles moved by the ship and its speed in knots as functions of the time during this interval. The deceleration of the ship is proportional to the square of its speed, so that = 2 . Note: Recall that one knot is the speed of one nautical mile (6076 ft) per hour. Work directly in the units of knots, nautical miles and hours. Use the time interval of 2 minutes for the purpose of tabulating values of and . Items to be checked/required answers: a) graph of v-t with tabulated values of and with the working equation used b) graph of s-t with tabulated values of and with the working equation used c) value of at = 10 minutes , indicate your answer separate from the tabulation of s-t values. Solution: We first generate the working equation for the v-t graph = = 2 = 2 0 1 = ( 0) 1 1 = 1 1 + = We know that at = 8 knots and at time = 10 minutes
1 hour 60 minutes

1 6

hour, the velocity

= 4 knots. Given this information, we can solve for the value of the constant . Take note that the time of 10 minutes is converted to hours because the unit of velocity is knots, which is nautical miles per hour. This is done to maintain consistency of units. 1 1 1 + = 4 8 6 = 0.75 So the complete working equation is 1 1 + = 0.75 8 1 3 1 + = 8 4 1 6 1 + = 8 8 1 + 6 1 = 8 = +

Tabulate the values of these at intervals of 2 minutes as instructed by the problem. Notice that in the table below, these time intervals have all been converted to hours t (minutes) 0 2 4 6 8 10 1 2 1 1 1 t (hours) 0 30 15 10 15 6 40 20 40 v (knots) 8 5 4 7 3 9

v-t graph
9 8 7 8 6.666677778 5.714284898

velocity (knots)

5
4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6

5
4.444444938 3.9999996

10

12

time (minutes)

Pointing System: equation, table, and graph 14 pts. Mistake or missing in any of the three 4 pts. To generate the working equation for the position or distance moved from the origin , 8 = = 1 + 6 8 = 1 + 6 8 = 0 0 1 + 6 8 = ln 1 + 6 6 0 = +

Again tabulate the values of these at intervals of 2 minutes as instructed by the problem. Notice that in the table below, these time intervals have all been converted to hours. t (minutes) 0 2 4 6 8 10 t (hours) 0 s (nautical miles) 0 0.2431 0.4486 0.6267 0.7837 0.9242

s-t graph
1 0.9 0.924196374 0.783715405 0.626671506 0.8

distance (nautical miles)

0.7
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.243093187

0.448629839

time (minutes)

Pointing System: equation, table, and graph 14 pts. Mistake or missing in any of the three 4 pts.

Finally, the distance moved from the origin or point where the engine was shut off is simply obtained by substituting the value of time = 6 hours into the working equation of 4 1 = ln 1 + 6 3 6 = . nautical miles , However, there is no need to solve this again since this has been solved when tabulating the values for the s-t graph.
1

2. The aerodynamic resistance to motion of a car is nearly proportional to the square of its velocity. Additional frictional resistance is constant, so that the acceleration of the car when coasting may be written as = 1 2 2 , where 1 and 2 are constants which depend on the mechanical configuration of the car. If the car has an initial velocity when the engine is disengaged, derive an expression for the distance required for the car to coast to a stop.

Solution: = = = 1 2 2 = 1 + 2 2 0 1 22 = 2 22 1 + 2 0 1 0 ln 1 + 2 2 = 22 or 1 1 + 2 2 ln = 22 1 + = = pts, pts partial +

3. Small steel balls fall from rest through the opening at at the steady rate of two per second. Find the vertical separation of two consecutive balls when the lower one has dropped 3 m. Neglect air resistance.

Solution: Calculate the amount of time needed for the 1st ball to fall 3 m

2 1

1 1 = 2 2 = 21

2 3 m 9.81 m s2

= 0.7821 s Since two balls fall per second, the average fall rate per ball is 0.5 s. Therefore, the second ball is lagging by that amount of time from the first ball. It therefore has fallen for 0.7821 0.5 = 0.2821 s. From that the height of fall of the second ball can be calculated.

1 2 = 0.2821 s 2 2 = 0.3902 m And the height is therefore given as

= 2 1 = 0.3902 m 3 m = . m pts, pts partial 4. A car traveling at a constant speed of 24 m/s passes a trooper hidden behind a billboard, as shown in the figure. One second after the speeding car passes the billboard, the trooper sets of in chase of with a constant acceleration of 3.00 m s2 .

a. How long does it take the trooper to overtake the speeding car? Solution: For the trooper to catch the car, their position must be equal = 1 2 = 2 We know that the trooper started one second later, giving the car a head start of 1 second. Therefore, + 1 = Substitute this in the original equation 1 2 = + 1 2 From the given, = 3 m s2, = 24 m s

1 3 2 = 24 + 1 2 1.5 2 = 24 + 24 1.5 2 24 24 = 0 Use the quadratic equation to solve for (24)2 4 1.5 (24) 2(1.5) = 16.9443 s + or 0.9443 s () = 24

We select the positive root since there is no negative time considered = . s pts, pts partial b. How fast is the trooper going at that time? Solution: = = = 3 m s2 (16.9443 s) = . m s pts, pts partial