Seminar I o Aspect Os

IngenieradelSo8wareII
Seminario.ProgramacinOrientadaaAspectos
PabloSnchezBarreiro
DPTO.DEMATEMTICAS,ESTADSTICAY COMPUTACIN
p.sanchez@unican.es
EstetemasepublicabajoLicencia: CreaNveCommonsBYNCSA3.0
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Introduction: Why we need Aspect-Oriented Programming Aspect-Oriented Programming Current Challenges What AOSD Is Not About AOSD and Related Technologies Conclusions References
Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)
Aspect-Oriented Programming
2 / 51
Introduction
Crosscutting Concerns
Crosscutting Concerns Drawbacks

@#& Happiness
Base Functionality Access Control Fault Tolerance v 2 . 0 Encryption

Sadness
M o dul eA
M o dul eB
M o dul eC
Module D
M o dul eE
3 / 51
Introduction
Case Study: Apache Tomcat
XML parsing
4 / 51
Introduction
URL pattern matching
5 / 51
Introduction
Logging
6 / 51
Introduction
Motivating example: Access Control
class [
AccessControl ] AccessControl Student +authenticator +getAccess() : Boolean +getSelectiveAccess( String : String ) use AccessControlView +askForCredentials( out username : String, out password : String )
-name : String -address : String -religion : String -diseases : String [0..*] +getName() : String +getAddress() : String +getReligion() : String +getDiseases() : String [0..*]
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Introduction

public public class class Student Student {{ protected protected String String religion; religion; protected protected AccessControl AccessControl authenticator authenticator == new new AccessControl(); AccessControl(); public public String String getReligion() getReligion() {{ null; String String result result == null; if if (authenticator.getAccess()) (authenticator.getAccess()) {{ result result == this.religion; this.religion; // if if }} // return return result; result; // getReligion getReligion }} // }} // // Student Student
Crosscutting code
8 / 51
Introduction
public List<String> getDiseases() { List<String> result = null; if (authenticator.getAccess()) { result = this.diseases; } // if return result; } // getDiseases
Crosscutting code
9 / 51
Introduction
Main Shortcoming of Crosscutting Concerns

@#& Happiness
Base Functionality Access Control Fault Tolerance v 2 . 0 Encryption

Sadness
M o dul eA
M o dul eB
M o dul eC
Module D
M o dul eE
10 / 51
Introduction
Conclusions
Conclusions
Scattering
A concern appears spread over several software modules.
Tangling
Several concern appears software modules.
1
Scattering: Decreases encapsulation, (consequently decreases cohesion), creates redundancies, hinders reutilization of the crosscutting concern and increase coupling. Tangling: Decreases cohesion, (consequently hampers reutilization), and increases coupling.
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Introduction
Empirical Evidence
Concern-Oriented Metrics [SantAnna et al., 2007]
CDC CDO CIC OOC ACC ECC LCC
Concern Diusion over Classes Concern Diusion over Operations Class-Level Interlacing between Concerns Operation-Level Overlapping between Concerns Aerent Coupling between Classes Eerent Coupling between Classes Lack of Concern-Based Cohesion
12 / 51
Introduction
Empirical Evidence
Concern-Oriented Metrics [SantAnna et al., 2007]

class [ AccessControl ] AccessControl Student -name : String -address : String -religion : String -diseases : String [0..*] +getName() : String +getAddress() : String +getReligion() : String +getDiseases() : String [0..*] +authenticator +getAccess() : Boolean +getSelectiveAccess( String : String ) use AccessControlView +askForCredentials( out username : String, out password : String )
Data Storage (base) AccessControl
CDC 1 3
CDO 4 5 ECC 1 1 0
CIC 1 1
OOC 1 1
Student AccessControl AccessControlView
ACC 0 1 1
LCC 2 1 1
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Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
14 / 51
Overview
Aspect-Oriented Programming Principle
Module A
Module B
15 / 51
Overview
Joinpoint Joinpoint
Module A Joinpoint Joinpoint
Module B
16 / 51
Overview

Access Control Fault Tolerance Aspect Aspect
Module A Encryption Aspect
Module B
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Overview

Access Control Fault Tolerance Pointcut Pointcut Module A Encryption
Pointcut Module B
18 / 51
Aspect-Oriented Weaving
Weaving Process
Aspect-Oriented Weaving Process
Base Model
Common Compiler
Pointcut Model
Aspect Weaver
Woven Base Model
Compiled Code
100101 101100 010101
Aspect Model
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Weaving Process
Concern implementation Weaver
Concern Identifier Requirements Aspectual Decomposition Aspectual Recomposition Final System
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Kinds of Aspect-Oriented Weaving

Static Weaving Aspects are woven at compile time [Kiczales et al., 2001]. Load-Time Weaving Aspects are woven at class load-time [Laddad, 2001, Chiba, 2000]. Dynamic Weaving Aspects can be woven and even unwoven at runtime [Pinto et al., 2005, Suv ee et al., 2003]. It is particulary interesting for context-aware systems [Fuentes et al., 2009].
21 / 51
Example: Access Control as an Aspect
Access Control With AspectJ

public public public public aspect aspect aspect aspect AccessControlAspect AccessControlAspect AccessControlAspect AccessControlAspect {{{{ pointcut pointcut pointcut pointcut guardedMethods(): guardedMethods(): guardedMethods(): guardedMethods(): call call call call (String (String (String (String Student.getReligion()); Student.getReligion()); Student.getReligion()); Student.getReligion()); String String String String around around around around () () () () ::: guardedMethods() : guardedMethods() guardedMethods() guardedMethods() {{{{ new new new new AccessControl(); AccessControl(); AccessControl(); AccessControl(); AccessControl AccessControl AccessControl AccessControl guard guard guard guard === = String String String String returnValue returnValue returnValue returnValue === = null null null null ;;;; if if if if (guard.getAccess()) (guard.getAccess()) (guard.getAccess()) (guard.getAccess()) {{{{ returnValue returnValue returnValue returnValue === = proceed proceed proceed proceed (); (); (); (); // // // // if if if if }}} } return return return return returnValue; returnValue; returnValue; returnValue; }}} // } // // // around around around around guardedMethods guardedMethods guardedMethods guardedMethods }}} // } // // // AccessControlAspect AccessControlAspect AccessControlAspect AccessControlAspect
22 / 51
Example: Access Control as an Aspect
A Clean Student Class
public class Student { protected String religion; public String getReligion() { return this.religion; } // getReligion } // Student
23 / 51
Quantication
Wildcard-based Quantied Pointcuts

public public aspect aspect QuantifiedAccessControlAspect QuantifiedAccessControlAspect {{ pointcut pointcut guardedMethods(): guardedMethods(): call call (* (* Student.get*(..)); Student.get*(..)); Object Object around around () () :: guardedMethods() guardedMethods() {{ new AccessControl(); AccessControl(); AccessControl AccessControl guard guard == new Object Object returnValue returnValue == null null ;; if if (guard.getAccess()) (guard.getAccess()) {{ proceed (); (); returnValue returnValue == proceed }} // // if if return return returnValue; returnValue; }} // // around around guardedMethods guardedMethods }} // // QuantifiedAccessControlAspect QuantifiedAccessControlAspect
24 / 51
Annotation-based Quantication
Annotation-based Quantied Pointcuts
public class Student { protected String religion; @AccessControlRequired public String getReligion() { return this.religion; } // getReligion } // Student
25 / 51
Annotation-based Quantication
Annotation-based Quantied Pointcuts

public public aspect aspect AnnotationBasedAspect AnnotationBasedAspect {{ pointcut pointcut guardedMethods(): guardedMethods(): call call (@AccessControlRequired (@AccessControlRequired ** *.*(..)); *.*(..)); around () () :: guardedMethods() guardedMethods() {{ Object Object around new AccessControl(); AccessControl(); AccessControl AccessControl guard guard == new Object Object returnValue returnValue == null null ;; if if (guard.getAccess()) (guard.getAccess()) {{ proceed (); (); returnValue returnValue == proceed // if if }} // return return returnValue; returnValue; // around around guardedMethods guardedMethods }} // }} // // AnnotationBasedAspect AnnotationBasedAspect
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Reection
Some Basic & Free Reection
c la s s
A c c e s s C o n tro l ] S tu d e n t + a u th e n tic a to r A c c e s s C o n tro l + g e tA c c e s s ( ) : B o o le a n + g e tS e le c tiv e A c c e s s ( S tr in g : S tr in g ) use A c c e s s C o n tr o lV ie w + a s k F o r C r e d e n tia ls ( o u t u s e r n a m e : S tr in g , o u t p a s s w o r d : S tr in g )
- n a m e : S tr in g - a d d r e s s : S tr in g - r e lig io n : S tr in g - d is e a s e s : S tr in g [0 ..* ] + + + + g g g g e e e e tN tA tR tD a m e ( ) : S tr in g d d r e s s ( ) : S tr in g e lig io n ( ) : S tr in g is e a s e s ( ) : S tr in g [0 ..* ]
27 / 51
Reection
Some Basic & Free Reection

public publicaspect aspectReflectionAccessControlAspect ReflectionAccessControlAspect {{ pointcut pointcutguardedMethods(): guardedMethods(): call call (String (StringStudent.getReligion()); Student.getReligion()); around () ()::guardedMethods() guardedMethods(){{ String Stringaround AccessControl AccessControlguard guard ==new newAccessControl(); AccessControl(); String StringreturnValue returnValue ==null null ;; if if(guard.getSelectiveAccess( (guard.getSelectiveAccess( thisJoinPoint thisJoinPoint .getSignature(). .getSignature(). getName())) getName())){{ proceed (); (); returnValue returnValue==proceed }}// //if if return returnreturnValue; returnValue; }}// //around aroundguardedMethods guardedMethods
}}// //ReflectionAccessControlAspect ReflectionAccessControlAspect
28 / 51
Reection
Concern-Oriented Metrics Revisited

class [ AccessControlAspect ] Student -name : String -address : String -religion : String -diseases : String [0..*] +getReligion() : String +getName() : String +getAddress() : String +getDiseases( diseases : String [0..*] ) crosscut AccessControl +getAccess() : Boolean +getSelectiveAccess( String : String )
AccessControlView +askForCredentials( out username : String, out password : String )
Data Storage (base) AccessControl
CDC 1 (1) 2 (2)
CDO 4 (4) 3 (5)
CIC 0 (1) 0 (1)
OOC 0 (1) 0 (1)
Student AccessControl AccessControlView
ACC 1 (0) 0 (1) 1 (1)
ECC 0 (1) 2 (1) 0 (0)
LCC 1 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1)
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Current Challenges
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Current Challenges
Current Hot Research Topics on AOSD

1 2
Semantic pointcuts [Ostermann et al., 2005]. Reusable aspects (e.g Complex Transaction Management) [Kienzle and G elineau, 2006]. Aspect interference/conicts [Douence et al., 2002, Douence et al., 2004, Altahat et al., 2008]. Complex pointcuts [Allan et al., 2005]. Aspect Inuence on Interfaces [Ostermann, 2008].
4 5
31 / 51
Current Challenges
Current Hot Research Topics on AOSD

termsAndConditionsOfSeasonalRebate (.*):(.*) <?cart>(.*) : ShoppingCart (.*):(.*) <?ws>(.*): WebServiceBank
price : Real
checkOut(..) [*] newCreditCard(..) <?cc>(.*):CreditCard
<<CallBehavior>> calculateDiscount
first <<CallBehavior>> minus
<?jp>: appr oveCredit(<?cc>(.*):PaymentMethod, <?price>(.*):Real)) ?jp ?price
price <<proceed>> proceed
32 / 51
What AOSD is not about
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Introduction: Why we need Aspect-Oriented Programming Aspect-Oriented Programming Current Challenges What AOSD Is Not about AOSD and Related Technologies Conclusions References
33 / 51
AOSD is not View-Based Software Development
AOSD is not View-Based Software Development

<< theme >>
AddItem
class addItem
UserGUI
<< theme >> CheckOut

class checkOut IShop
ShoppingCart + addItem (book :Book , amount :int ) Books + books 0 ..* UserGUI
IDelivery IShop
ShoppingCart + checkOut ()
Delivery
Bank
IBank sd checkOut
sd addItem
UserGUI ShoppingCart
UserGUI
ShoppingCart
Delivery
Bank
checkDelivery
(address = -,weight = -,size = -)
approveCredit
(ccNumber = -,amount = -)
merge
34 / 51
AOSD is not Feature-Oriented Software Development
AOSD is not Feature-Oriented Software Development

class [ Architecture ]
LightMng InitialModel
Actuator +id : Integer +setValue( value : float ) +actuators 0..* +changeValue( id : Integer, value : float ) +emergence( a : Sensor, value : float ) Gateway +sensors +gtw 0..1 0..* Sensor +id : Integer +getValue() : float merge Gateway +switchLight( id : Integer ) +lights 1..* merge merge LightCtrl +switch() Actuator
WindowMng
Gateway +openWindow( id : Integer ) +closeWindow( id : Integer ) merge SmartEnergyMng Gateway +openWindow( id : Integer ) +closeWindow( id : Integer ) +adjustTemperature( id : Integer, temp : float ) +windows 1..* WindowCtrl +open() +close() Actuator enumeration TempUnits CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT Gateway
HeaterMng
HeaterCtrl +heaters 1..* +units : TempUnits +set( t : float ) merge Actuator
+adjustTemperature( id : Integer, temp : float )
+indoorTherm ThermometerCtrl 1 +operationMode : TempUnits +outdoorTherm 1
Sensor
35 / 51
AOSD and Related Technology
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
36 / 51

1
Component platforms/Application Servers/Container Technology

Component platforms oer a set of xed services. Conguration of each service is often dierent. Component platforms are often heavier.
2 3
Reection: AOP is reection for human beings. Design Patterns, Dynamic Proxies: The aspect-oriented weaver does it for you.
37 / 51
AOSD in Industry
1 2
Spring framework for Enterprise Java. SpringSource dm Server, SpringSource tc Server, Spring Roo y Magma. GlassBox, Perf4J, Contract4J, JXInsight, MaintainJ. Websphere, MySQL, JBoss, Oracle Toplink, J2ME [Rashid et al., 2010]. Siemens Healthcare [Rashid et al., 2010]. Motorola Weavr [Cottenier et al., 2007]. Ocina Virtual Fundaci on Retevisi on [Pinto et al., 2005] Digital Publishing [de Beeck et al., 2009]. Isis Project (Stop Pedophilia).
3 4
5 6 7 8 9
38 / 51
Conclusions
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
39 / 51
Conclusions
Conclusions
Aspect-Oriented Software Development

Aspect-Oriented Software Development can help to improve modularization of crosscutting concerns, easing maintenance and evolution.
Access Control Code: http://personales.unican.es/sanchezbp/teaching/ao/accesscontrol.zip More Information: http://www.aosd-europe.net
40 / 51
References
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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References
Referencias I
Allan, C., Avgustinov, P., Christensen, A. S., Hendren, L. J., Kuzins, S., Lhot ak, O., de Moor, O., Sereni, D., Sittampalam, G., and Tibble, J. (2005). Adding trace matching with free variables to AspectJ. In Johnson, R. E. and Gabriel, R. P., editors, Proc. of the 20th Annual Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, (OOPSLA), pages 345364. Altahat, Z., Elrad, T., and Tahat, L. (2008). Applying Critical Pair Analysis in Graph Transformation Systems to Detect Syntactic Aspect Interaction in UML State Diagrams. In Proc. of the 20th Int. Conference on Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering (SEKE), pages 905911, San Francisco (California, USA).
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References
Referencias II
Brichau, J. and DHondt, T. (2005). Introduction to Aspect-Oriented Software Development. Deliverable D17 AOSD-Europe-VUB-02, AOSD-Europe Network of Excellence, Brussels. Chiba, S. (2000). Load-Time Structural Reection in Java. In Bertino, E., editor, Proc. of the 14th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), pages 313336, Sophia Antipolis and Cannes (France). Colyer, A., Clement, A., Harley, G., and Webster, M. (2004). Eclipse AspectJ: Aspect-Oriented Programming with AspectJ and the Eclipse AspectJ Development Tools. Addison-Wesley Professional.
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References
Referencias III
Cottenier, T., van den Berg, A., and Elrad, T. (2007). Motorola WEAVR: Aspect and model-Driven Engineering. Journal of Object Technology (JOT), 6(7):5188. de Beeck, S. O., Landuyt, D. V., Truyen, E., and Joosen, W. (2009). Building a Next-Generation Digital News Publishing Platform with AOSD. In Proc. of the 8th Int. Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), Charlottesvile (Virginia, USA). Demostration.
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References
Referencias IV
Douence, R., Fradet, P., and S udholt, M. (2002). A Framework for the Detection and Resolution of Aspect Interactions. In Batory, D. S., Consel, C., and Taha, W., editors, Proc. of the Int. Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering (GPCE), volume 2487 of LNCS, pages 173188, Pittsburgh, (Pennsylvania, USA). Douence, R., Fradet, P., and S udholt, M. (2004). Composition, Reuse and Interaction Analysis of Stateful Aspects. In Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), pages 141150, Lancaster (UK). Elrad, T., Ak sit, M., Kiczales, G., Lieberherr, K., and Ossher, H. (2001). Discussing Aspects of AOP. Communications of the ACM, 44(10):3338.
Pablo S anchez (MATESCO) Aspect-Oriented Programming 45 / 51
References
Referencias V
Filman, R. E., Elrad, T., Clarke, S., and Ak sit, M., editors (2004). Aspect-Oriented Software Development. Addison-Wesley, Boston. Fuentes, L., G amez, N., and S anchez, P. (2009). Aspect-Oriented Design and Implementation of Context-Aware Pervasive Applications. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 5(1):7993. Hannemann, J. and Kiczales, G. (2002). Design Pattern Implementation in Java and AspectJ. In Proc. of the 17th Int. Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), pages 161173, Seattle (Washington, USA).
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References
Referencias VI
Kiczales, G., Hilsdale, E., Hugunin, J., Kersten, M., Palm, J., and Griswold, W. G. (2001). An Overview of AspectJ. In Knudsen, J. L., editor, Proc. of the 15th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), volume 2072 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 327353, Budapest (Hungary). Kiczales, G., Lamping, J., Mendhekar, A., Maeda, C., Lopes, C. V., Loingtier, J.-M., and Irwin, J. (1997). Aspect-Oriented Programming. In Ak sit, M. and Matsuoka, S., editors, Proc. of the 11th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), volume 1241 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 220242, Jyv askyl a (Finland).
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References
Referencias VII
Kienzle, J. and G elineau, S. (2006). AO challenge - Implementing the ACID properties for Transactional Objects. In Filman, R. E., editor, Proc. of the 5th Int. Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), pages 202213.
Laddad, R. (2001). I want my AOP! Java World, http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-01-2002/jw-0118-aspe Ostermann, K. (2008). Reasoning about Aspects with Common Sense. In DHondt, T., editor, Proc. of the 7th Int. Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), pages 4859, Brussels (Belgium).
Pablo S anchez (MATESCO) Aspect-Oriented Programming 48 / 51
References
Referencias VIII
Ostermann, K., Mezini, M., and Bockisch, C. (2005). Expressive Pointcuts for Increased Modularity. In Black, A. P., editor, Proc. of the 19th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP), volume 3586 of LNCS, pages 214240, Glasgow (UK). Pinto, M., Fuentes, L., and Troya, J. M. (2005). A Dynamic Component and Aspect-Oriented Platform. Computer Journal, 48(4):401420. Rashid, A., Cottenier, T., Greenwood, P., Chitchyan, R., Meunier, R., Coelho, R., S udholt, M., and Joosen, W. (2010). Aspect-Oriented Software Development in Practice: Tales from AOSD-Europe. IEEE Computer, 43(2):1926.
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References
Referencias IX
SantAnna, C., Figueiredo, E., Garcia, A. F., and de Lucena, C. J. P. (2007). On the Modularity of Software Architectures: A Concern-Driven Measurement Framework. In Oquendo, F., editor, Proc. of the 1st European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 207224, Aranjuez (Spain). Suv ee, D., Vanderperren, W., and Jonckers, V. (2003). JAsCo: an Aspect-Oriented Approach Tailored for Component-Based Software Development. In Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), pages 2129, Boston (Massachusetts, USA).
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Questions
Questions ?
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Seminar I o Aspect Os

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IngenieradelSo8wareII

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Crosscutting Concerns Drawbacks

Base Functionality Access Control Fault Tolerance v 2 . 0 Encryption

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Case Study: Apache Tomcat

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Case Study: Apache Tomcat

URL pattern matching

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Case Study: Apache Tomcat

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Motivating example: Access Control

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Motivating example: Access Control

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Motivating example: Access Control

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Main Shortcoming of Crosscutting Concerns

Base Functionality Access Control Fault Tolerance v 2 . 0 Encryption

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Concern-Oriented Metrics [SantAnna et al., 2007]

CDC CDO CIC OOC ACC ECC LCC

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Concern-Oriented Metrics [SantAnna et al., 2007]

Data Storage (base) AccessControl

Student AccessControl AccessControlView

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Aspect-Oriented Programming Principle

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Aspect-Oriented Programming Principle

Module A Joinpoint Joinpoint

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Aspect-Oriented Programming Principle

Module A Encryption Aspect

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Aspect-Oriented Programming Principle

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Woven Base Model

100101 101100 010101

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Concern implementation Weaver

Concern Identifier Requirements Aspectual Decomposition Aspectual Recomposition Final System

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Kinds of Aspect-Oriented Weaving

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Example: Access Control as an Aspect

Access Control With AspectJ

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Example: Access Control as an Aspect

A Clean Student Class

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Wildcard-based Quantied Pointcuts

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Annotation-based Quantied Pointcuts

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Annotation-based Quantied Pointcuts

Pablo S anchez (MATESCO)

Some Basic & Free Reection

- n a m e : S tr in g - a d d r e s s : S tr in g - r e lig io n : S tr in g - d is e a s e s : S tr in g [0 ..* ] + + + + g g g g e e e e tN tA tR tD a m e ( ) : S tr in g d d r e s s ( ) : S tr in g e lig io n ( ) : S tr in g is e a s e s ( ) : S tr in g [0 ..* ]

checkOut(..) [] newCreditCard(..) <?cc>(.):CreditCard

<?jp>: appr oveCredit(<?cc>(.):PaymentMethod, <?price>(.):Real)) ?jp ?price