Time 2-Model Sites Specification-Rev3.0

Time 2 Model Sites Specification Revision 3.
0 Dated 19 April 2005
Time 2
Model Site Specifications
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 3 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 8 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................... 8 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................. 8 DEFINITIONS AND MEANINGS ....................................................................................................... 8 GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 10 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 10 SITE CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................... 10 ACCESS TO SITE ....................................................................................................................... 10 ACCESS WITHIN SITES ............................................................................................................... 11 CONDITION OF EXISTING PROPERTY .......................................................................................... 11 DIMENSION AND LEVELS ............................................................................................................ 11 DEALING WITH WATER............................................................................................................... 12 PUBLICITY ................................................................................................................................ 12 STATUTORY BODIES .................................................................................................................. 12 SUPPLY OF SERVICES FOR CARRYING OUT THE WORKS .............................................................. 12 CONTRACTOR'S SUPERVISION ................................................................................................... 12 CONTRACTOR'S OFFICES, HOUSING, STORES, SHEDS, ETC. ....................................................... 13 TOILETS ................................................................................................................................... 13 ACCIDENTS AND FIRST AID ........................................................................................................ 13 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .............................................................................................................. 13 SAMPLES AND TESTING OF MATERIALS ...................................................................................... 13 DELIVERY AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS ................................................................................... 14 SETTING OUT ........................................................................................................................... 14 PROTECTING THE WORKS ......................................................................................................... 14 CONSTRUCTION RECORDS ........................................................................................................ 14 ASSISTANCE TO CELCO ........................................................................................................... 14 STANDARDS.............................................................................................................................. 15 MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP ................................................................................................ 15 NAME OF SUBCONTRACTORS TO BE APPROVED .......................................................................... 15 COPIES OF ORDERS .................................................................................................................. 16
GENERAL CONDITIONS.............................................................................................................. 10
GENERAL SITE WORKS.............................................................................................................. 17 3.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3 DEMOLITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Gas or Vapour Risks ....................................................................................................... 17 3.3.2 Dust ................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.3 Health Hazards................................................................................................................ 17 3.3.4 Adjoining Property ........................................................................................................... 17 3.3.5 Structure(S) To Be Retained ........................................................................................... 18 3.3.6 Partly Demolished Structure(S)....................................................................................... 18 3.3.7 Dangerous Openings ...................................................................................................... 18 3.3.8 Unknown Hazards ........................................................................................................... 18 3.3.9 Open Basements Etc ...................................................................................................... 18 3.3.10 Filling Of Basement ......................................................................................................... 18 3.3.11 Completion ...................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.12 Materials Arising ..............................................................................................................18 3.4 EXCAVATING AND EARTHWORK .................................................................................................. 19 3.4.1 Preliminary Site Works .................................................................................................... 19 3.4.2 Excavation ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.5 FILLING..................................................................................................................................... 22 3.5.1 Back filling ....................................................................................................................... 22 3.5.2 Unsuitable Material.......................................................................................................... 22
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3.5.3 Turfing ............................................................................................................................. 23 3.5.4 Retaining Wall .................................................................................................................23 3.6 CONCRETE WORK ..................................................................................................................... 24 3.6.1 In Situ Concrete Construction Generally......................................................................... 24 3.6.2 In Situ Concrete Mixes, Casting And Curing................................................................... 24 3.6.3 Formwork for In Situ Concrete ........................................................................................ 26 3.6.4 Reinforcement for In Situ Concrete ................................................................................. 26 3.7 PILING WORKS ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.7.1 Codes of Practice ............................................................................................................ 27 3.7.2 Piling Generally ...............................................................................................................27 3.7.3 General Requirements for Tolerances ............................................................................ 27 3.7.4 Piling Programme ............................................................................................................ 28 3.7.5 Damage to Piles .............................................................................................................. 28 3.7.6 Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles ................................................................................. 29 3.7.7 Micropiles ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.7.8 Pressure-Treated Timber Piles ....................................................................................... 32 3.7.9 Bakau Piles...................................................................................................................... 33 3.7.10 Pile Testing...................................................................................................................... 34 3.8 BRICKWORK AND BLOCKWORK .................................................................................................. 37 3.8.1 Brick/Block Walling .......................................................................................................... 37 3.8.2 Accessories/Sundry Items for Brick/Block/Stone Walling ............................................... 37 3.9 ACCESS ROAD .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.10 LAND DRAINAGE ....................................................................................................................... 38 3.10.1 General............................................................................................................................ 38 3.10.2 Natural Drainage ............................................................................................................. 38 3.10.3 Precast Block Drain Sections .......................................................................................... 38 3.10.4 Setting Out....................................................................................................................... 39 3.10.5 Laying Of Block Drains.................................................................................................... 39 3.10.6 Backfilling ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.11 FENCING .................................................................................................................................. 39 3.11.1 Netting ............................................................................................................................. 39 3.11.2 Fence posts ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.11.3 Wiring .............................................................................................................................. 39 3.11.4 Erection ........................................................................................................................... 40 3.11.5 Gates ............................................................................................................................... 40 3.12 EXTERNAL WORKS .................................................................................................................... 40 3.12.1 Grading............................................................................................................................ 40 3.12.2 Earth Inspection Pits ....................................................................................................... 40 4 TOWERS ....................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 41 4.3 DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 41 4.4 AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTING ................................................................................................... 41 4.5 DAY WARNING PAINT ................................................................................................................. 41 4.6 FABRICATION ............................................................................................................................ 41 4.6.1 General............................................................................................................................ 41 4.6.2 Safety .............................................................................................................................. 42 4.6.3 Corrosion Protection........................................................................................................ 42 4.6.4 Design Life....................................................................................................................... 42 4.6.5 Rotation and Deflection limits.......................................................................................... 42 4.6.6 Durability.......................................................................................................................... 43 4.6.7 Robustness...................................................................................................................... 43 4.6.8 Wind Loads...................................................................................................................... 43 4.7 DELIVERY AND ERECTION .......................................................................................................... 43 4.7.1 General............................................................................................................................ 43 4.7.2 Safety .............................................................................................................................. 44 4.7.3 Earthing & Lightning Protection....................................................................................... 44 4.7.4 Antenna Mounting Steelworks......................................................................................... 44 4.7.5 Ladders and Platforms .................................................................................................... 44
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4.7.6 Anti Climb System ........................................................................................................... 45 4.7.7 Waveguide/Feeder Cable Support .................................................................................. 45 4.8 AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTS ...................................................................................................... 45 5 ANTENNA SUPPORT STRUCTURES ......................................................................................... 46 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 46 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 46 REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 46
CABINS ......................................................................................................................................... 47 6.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 47 6.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 47 6.3 SERVICE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................... 47 6.3.1 Loading............................................................................................................................ 47 6.3.2 Wind Speeds ................................................................................................................... 47 6.3.3 Thermal Insulation........................................................................................................... 47 6.3.4 Design Life....................................................................................................................... 48 6.4 DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 48 6.5 MATERIALS ...............................................................................................................................48 6.5.1 Floor Frame Construction................................................................................................ 48 6.5.2 Floors............................................................................................................................... 48 6.5.3 Walls................................................................................................................................ 48 6.5.4 Roof ................................................................................................................................. 49 6.5.5 Doors and Door Frames.................................................................................................. 49 6.6 FABRICATION ............................................................................................................................ 49 6.6.1 Steelwork to Floor Frame ................................................................................................ 49 6.6.2 Steelwork to Cabin Walls ................................................................................................ 49 6.6.3 Other Materials ................................................................................................................49 6.7 CORROSION PROTECTION ......................................................................................................... 49 6.7.1 General Requirement ...................................................................................................... 49 6.7.2 External Finish................................................................................................................. 50 6.8 WEATHER PROOFING ................................................................................................................ 50 6.9 SECURITY ................................................................................................................................. 50 6.9.1 General............................................................................................................................ 50 6.9.2 Conventional Locking System ......................................................................................... 50 6.10 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................... 50 6.10.1 General............................................................................................................................ 50 6.10.2 Installation ....................................................................................................................... 51 6.11 FIRE ENGINEERING ................................................................................................................... 51 6.11.1 Flame Spread .................................................................................................................. 51 6.11.2 Fire Resistance................................................................................................................51 6.12 CABLE MANAGEMENT AND CABLE ENTRIES ................................................................................ 51 6.12.1 Ladder Racking ............................................................................................................... 51 6.12.2 Cable Entries ................................................................................................................... 51 6.13 MECHANICAL SERVICES ............................................................................................................ 51 6.13.1 Air Conditioning System .................................................................................................. 51 6.13.2 High Temperature Sensor ............................................................................................... 51 6.14 ELECTRICAL SERVICES .............................................................................................................. 51 6.14.1 General Arrangement...................................................................................................... 51 6.14.2 Mains Power Distribution System.................................................................................... 52 6.14.3 System of Wiring ............................................................................................................. 52 6.14.4 Lighting ............................................................................................................................ 52 6.14.5 Small Power Installations ................................................................................................ 52 6.14.6 Earthing Facility and Cross Bonding ............................................................................... 52 6.14.7 Fire Extinguisher ............................................................................................................. 53 6.14.8 Security Facility ............................................................................................................... 53 6.14.9 M & E Control Signal Cabling.......................................................................................... 53 6.15 ALARMS.................................................................................................................................... 53 6.16 INSPECTION AND TESTING ......................................................................................................... 53 6.16.1 Inspection ........................................................................................................................ 53
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6.16.2 6.16.3 6.16.4 6.16.5 6.16.6 6.16.7 7

Electrical Testing .............................................................................................................53 Fire Alarm Commissioning .............................................................................................. 54 Testing Materials ............................................................................................................. 54 Type Approval ................................................................................................................. 54 Load Test......................................................................................................................... 54 Water Test. ...................................................................................................................... 54
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS, EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION....................... 55 7.1 AC POWER SUPPLY .................................................................................................................. 55 7.1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 55 7.1.2 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 55 7.1.3 Arrangement with Electrical Authorities .......................................................................... 55 7.1.4 Take-Over Test................................................................................................................ 55 7.1.5 Operating and Maintenance Manual ............................................................................... 56 7.1.6 Source of Supply ............................................................................................................. 56 7.1.7 Supply Fusing..................................................................................................................56 7.1.8 Metering Arrangements................................................................................................... 56 7.1.9 Isolation of Supply ........................................................................................................... 56 7.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................ 57 7.2.1 Cables ............................................................................................................................. 57 7.2.2 Conduit ............................................................................................................................ 57 7.2.3 Steel Trunking .................................................................................................................57 7.2.4 Cable Tray ....................................................................................................................... 57 7.2.5 Distribution Board............................................................................................................ 57 7.2.6 Transfer Switch (Isolator Switch or Automatic Changeover Contactor).......................... 58 7.2.7 Isolators ........................................................................................................................... 58 7.2.8 Miniature Circuit Breakers ............................................................................................... 58 7.2.9 Moulded Case Circuit Breaker ........................................................................................ 58 7.2.10 HRC Fuse-Links .............................................................................................................. 58 7.2.11 Earth-Fault Relays........................................................................................................... 59 7.2.12 Current Transformers (CTs) ............................................................................................ 59 7.2.13 Voltmeters ....................................................................................................................... 59 7.2.14 Ammeters ........................................................................................................................ 59 7.2.15 Indicator Lamps ............................................................................................................... 60 7.2.16 AC Contactors for LV Circuits ......................................................................................... 60 7.2.17 Time Switches ................................................................................................................. 60 7.2.18 Lighting Switches ............................................................................................................ 60 7.2.19 Switch-Socket Outlet ....................................................................................................... 60 7.2.20 Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) ........................................................................... 60 7.2.21 Terminal Blocks ............................................................................................................... 60 7.2.22 Self-Contained Emergency and KELUAR Lighting Luminaries ...................................... 61 7.2.23 Standby Diesel Generator Set......................................................................................... 61 7.2.24 Compound/Perimeter Lighting......................................................................................... 61 7.2.25 Fluorescent Fittings ......................................................................................................... 62 7.3 LIGHTNING SURGE PROTECTION SYSTEM ................................................................................... 62 7.3.1 General............................................................................................................................ 62 7.3.2 Combined Lightning Surge Suppressor (CLSS) ............................................................. 63 7.3.3 Fine Surge Suppressor (FSS) ......................................................................................... 64 7.3.4 Series Surge Suppressor Pluggable (SSS-P).............................................................. 64 7.3.5 Lightning Surge Monitoring (LSM)................................................................................... 65 7.3.6 Automatic Restoration System (ARS) ............................................................................. 65 7.4 EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION .................................................................................... 65 7.4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 65 7.4.2 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 65 7.4.3 Electrical Earthing Installation ......................................................................................... 65 7.4.4 Materials .......................................................................................................................... 66 7.4.5 Lightning Protection of Greenfield sites .......................................................................... 67 7.5 SUGGESTED MANUFACTURERS.................................................................................................. 68 7.5.1 TNB Metering / Changeover / Distribution and AMF Boards. ......................................... 68 7.5.2 Fittings ............................................................................................................................. 68
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7.5.3 7.5.4 7.5.5 7.5.6 7.5.7 8

Diesel Generator Set....................................................................................................... 68 Earth Electrode System................................................................................................... 69 Air Conditioning System .................................................................................................. 69 Aircraft Warning Lights .................................................................................................... 69 Compound Lightning System .......................................................................................... 69
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION ................................................................................................... 70 8.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 70 8.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 70 8.3 AIR CONDITIONING .................................................................................................................... 70 8.3.1 Environmental Conditions ............................................................................................... 70 8.3.2 Air Conditioning System .................................................................................................. 70
EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................... 71 9.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 71 9.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 71 9.3 ANTENNA CABLES ..................................................................................................................... 71 9.3.1 General............................................................................................................................ 71 9.3.2 Types of antenna cable ................................................................................................... 71 9.3.3 Wave Guides ................................................................................................................... 71 9.3.4 Feeders ........................................................................................................................... 72 9.3.5 Jumpers........................................................................................................................... 72 9.3.6 Splitters............................................................................................................................ 72 9.3.7 Connectors ...................................................................................................................... 73 9.3.8 Layout.............................................................................................................................. 73 9.3.9 Pulling.............................................................................................................................. 73 9.3.10 Cable entrance ................................................................................................................ 74 9.3.11 Fixing ............................................................................................................................... 74 9.3.12 Cover ............................................................................................................................... 74 9.3.13 Labelling .......................................................................................................................... 75 9.4 ANTENNAS ................................................................................................................................ 75 9.4.1 General............................................................................................................................ 75 9.4.2 Types of antenna............................................................................................................. 75 9.4.3 Orientation ....................................................................................................................... 76 9.4.4 Tilting ............................................................................................................................... 76 9.4.5 Amplifiers......................................................................................................................... 76 9.5 INSTALLATION INSIDE EQUIPMENT ROOMS AND CABINS.............................................. 76 9.5.1 Equipment Rack .............................................................................................................. 76 9.5.2 Testing............................................................................................................................. 77
10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11
GREENFIELD SITE ................................................................................................................... 78 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 78 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 78 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................... 78 GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS ........................................................................................................... 78 SITE MODELS ........................................................................................................................... 78 HEALTH AND SAFETY............................................................................................................. 79
11.1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 79 11.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 79 11.3 GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 79 11.3.1 Radio Frequency Exposure............................................................................................. 79 11.4 SITE ACQUISITION ..................................................................................................................... 80 11.4.1 Principles ......................................................................................................................... 80 11.5 DETAILED DESIGN ..................................................................................................................... 80 11.5.1 Principles ......................................................................................................................... 80 11.6 GREENFIELD SITES ................................................................................................................... 80 11.6.1 General............................................................................................................................ 80 11.6.2 Anti climb Measures ........................................................................................................ 80 11.6.3 Warning Signs ................................................................................................................. 81
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11.6.4 Fall Arrest System ........................................................................................................... 81 11.6.5 Hazardous Substances ................................................................................................... 82 11.6.6 Access ............................................................................................................................. 82 11.7 THIRD PARTY SITES .................................................................................................................. 82 11.7.1 General............................................................................................................................ 82 11.7.2 Site Safety ....................................................................................................................... 82
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1
1.1
Introduction
Scope
This document outlines the requirements for the CELCOs for the shared sites model site specification. The following requirements are the minimum standard according to the CELCOs but must also adhere to the requirements contained in the reference documentation outlined in section 1.3 below.
1.2
Purpose
The purpose of these specifications is to outline CELCO's overall requirements to a Contractor, in relation to their Model Site Specification.
1.3
References
The latest editions of the following British Standards (BS) and the BS Codes of Practice (CP) and shall be used in conjunction with this Specification. The BS and CP standards are to be replaced by the equivalent British standard Codes of Practice whenever the national building legislation or the Customer requires it. If any contractor intends to use another standard than specified by CELCO he is obliged to highlight this. This is applicable to all sections in this Specification. All work performed and equipment and materials supplied within the scope of this specification shall comply in every respect to the following documents: British Standard and Code of Practice. Malaysian standards and Codes of Practice. Building legislation and regulations (electrical installations inclusive) in Malaysia. Health and safety regulations in Malaysia. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Building 17th Edition as issued by the Institution of Electrical Engineers, London. The British Standard Electrical Codes of Practice. The relevant British Standard Specification (BBS). Jabatan Bomba Dan Penyelamat Malaysia. The Factory and Machinery Department. The Public Works Department. Ministry of Environment. Suruhanjaya Tenaga. Jabatan Bekalan Air (JBA). Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR). Department of Civil Aviation (DCA)
1.4
Definitions and Meanings

Throughout this specification, all instructions are directed to the contractor. Throughout this specification and Bills of Quantities, the following abbreviations have been used:
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B.S. -

The latest standard for particular building material or component issued by the British standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London W1.
C.P (BS) - The latest British Code o f Practice issued by the Council for Code of Practice, British standards Institution, 2, Park Street, London W1. A.S.T.M. I.S.O. M.S. A.S. S.W.G. B.G. C.B.R. The American Society for Testing and Materials. International Standards Organisation Malaysian Standard issued by S.I.R.I.M. Australian Standards Imperoa; Standard Wire Gauge. Birmingham Gauge California Bearing Ratio
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2
2.1
General Conditions
General
The following General Conditions are the minimum standards according to CELCO.
2.2
General Requirements
The agreement documents e.g. Drawings and Technical Specifications shall be read in conjunction with each other. Matters referred to, shown or described in the former are not necessarily repeated in the latter. Notwithstanding the sub-division of the Technical Specifications under different headings, every part of it is to be deemed supplementary to every other part, and is to be read with it, so far as it may be practicable to do so, or where the context so admits. Contractual prices and unit rates shall cover all that is necessary for the complete execution of the Works. Under no circumstances shall the Contractor remove from Site any plant or equipment without written approval by CELCO. Any plant or equipment that becomes defective during the contract period shall be immediately repaired or replaced. Where the approval of CELCO is required, such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his liabilities and responsibilities under the Contract.
2.3
Site Conditions
The Contractor shall be deemed to have visited the Site prior to commencement of the Site Works and to be aware of all hindrance, access for his men, materials and plant. He shall attach an undertaking that he has visited the Site and satisfied himself as to its nature.
2.4
Access to Site
The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all roads, etc. en route to the Sites are adequate for transporting all the Plant which the Contractor proposes to use and the materials being supplied in this Contract. The Contractor shall make all arrangements necessary for providing safe and expeditious access to the Sites and where necessary shall construct, maintain, safeguard and reinstate (where applicable) all roads, etc., to the satisfaction of CELCO. The Contractor shall, in his unit prices be deemed to have included for access roads, etc. of a standard adequate for transporting all the plant which the Contractor proposes to use and the materials being supplied in this Contract. These access roads, etc. shall be constructed, maintained and left at the termination of the Contract in a condition suitable for their use by CELCO and/or his other contractors. The Contractor shall be responsible for all damage to roads (whether public or private), crossovers, services and the like arising out of, or in the course of, or by reason of the execution of the Works. Furthermore he shall be responsible for observing any bye-laws or other regulations imposed by a competent authority regarding the keeping of such roads free from mud, filth, falling debris from vehicles, etc. as a result of the execution of the Works.
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The Contractor shall make all arrangements necessary for providing safe and expeditious access to the various parts of the Sites. Where necessary he shall construct, maintain, safeguard and reinstate (where applicable), all to the satisfaction of CELCO, all roads, fenced approaches, gangways, stairs, stairways and ladders which may be required for that purpose. The Contractor shall ensure that none of the aforementioned access works (whether of a permanent or temporary nature) shall obstruct or impede drainage systems or other services or have other avoidable adverse effects on surrounding land or property. All access works of a temporary nature shall be removed at the completion of the Contract and the affected land, or property shall be fully reinstated to the satisfaction of CELCO. Access works of a permanent nature shall be left, at the completion of the Works, in a good state of repair, safe and stable, to the satisfaction of CELCO.
2.6
Condition of Existing Property

The Contractor shall take every precaution not to endanger the safety, occupation, operation or condition of any existing property, structures or installation. The Contractor shall observe any restrictions imposed by CELCO or Statutory Body to this end. Should any such property, structure or installation be endangered or damaged as a result of the Contractor's operations, he shall immediately report such danger or damage to CELCO or appropriate Statutory Body. He shall forthwith comply with any instructions that CELCO may give with respect thereto and undertake such remedial measures as CELCO or any appropriate Statutory Body may deem to be necessary. If in the opinion of CELCO the Contractor shall have failed to take reasonable and prompt action to carry out remedial measures and CELCO shall have informed the Contractor in writing to that effect, then CELCO reserves the right to make payments to the owners and occupiers of such properties in respect of such matters for which the Contractor is responsible. Such payments will be deducted from any money due or which shall become due from CELCO to the Contractor.
2.7
Dimension and Levels

The Contractor shall verify all dimensions and levels shown on the Drawings or mentioned in the Documents forming part of or issued under the Contract and he shall be responsible for pointing out promptly any errors or discrepancies in such dimensions and levels. The Contractor shall ensure that the dimensions of all plant, equipment, services and finishes to be incorporated in the Works are such that they will fit the as-constructed shape and dimensions of the structures in, around or against which they are to be so incorporated. Where no precise positions and levels are shown on the Drawings then the Contractor shall determine such positions and levels as are necessary for the construction of the Works. He shall obtain, in writing, the prior agreement of CELCO before commencing the construction of that work. Such agreement given by CELCO shall in no way absolve the Contractor from his responsibility for ensuring that the positions and levels so agreed are correct. At each stage of construction the Contractor shall work to such tolerances as will enable him to install all subsequent items properly in accordance with the Contract, and to produce a completed Works to the approval of CELCO. Factory-made items shall not be adjusted on the Site to fit into earlier work without the prior approval of CELCO, excepting insofar as the original design and fabrication of such items may have provided for adjustments at the Site.
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Tolerances shown on the Drawings shall be strictly adhered to.
2.8
Dealing with Water

All excavations including those below subsoil standing water level shall be carried out in the dry unless specified otherwise. The Contractors arrangements for controlling the inflow of water into the parts of the excavation being worked and during the placing of concrete and other works therein and for the collection and disposal of water shall be to CELCO's approval. Such arrangements may include, inter alia, temporary cofferdams, wellpoint systems, pumps, drains, trenches, flumes and other recognised means. The Contractor shall keep all surfaces upon or against which concrete is to be deposited free from running water and no concrete shall be placed until such surfaces are properly drained. Suitable precautions shall be taken to prevent running water from washing out cement or concrete while it is setting or from injuring the Works in any other way.
2.9
Publicity
The Contractor shall not erect nameboards at the Sites or publicise in any other way without the written approval of CELCO.
2.10
Statutory Bodies
During the execution of the Works the Contractor shall maintain constant liaison with all Statutory Bodies. The contractor shall obtain all necessary permits for the design and construction. CELCO will assist in this procedure. The Contractor shall provide all necessary reasonable access to the Sites and across the areas available for construction, for the Statutory Bodies to execute their work and shall permit such work to proceed without unreasonable obstruction or delay. The Contractor shall promptly inform CELCO in writing of all arrangements he makes with the Statutory Bodies. He shall provide CELCO with copies of all correspondence between himself and the Statutory Bodies shall give CELCO adequate notice of all meetings he has with Statutory Bodies so that CELCO may attend, and shall provide CELCO with copies of all minutes of meetings with the Statutory Bodies. The Contractor shall ascertain and record the position and extent of all services and apparatuses both permanent and temporary, installed by the Statutory Bodies during the currency of the Contract. Copies of all such records shall be sent to CELCO.
2.11
Supply of Services for Carrying out the Works

The Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements for the supply of water, electricity and other services required solely for the construction, completion, testing and maintenance of the Works.
2.12
Contractor's Supervision
The Contractor shall provide full and adequate supervision during the progress of the Works and shall keep a suitably qualified person or General Foreman, approved by CELCO (which approval may be withdrawn at any time) constantly on the Works. Such General Foreman shall give his whole time to the supervision of the Works and must be
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able to receive and act upon (on behalf of the Contractor) all instructions, directions or orders issued by CELCO.
2.13
Contractor's Offices, Housing, Stores, Sheds, Etc.

The Contractor shall provide and maintain for the duration of the contract period -site office, housing facilities, stores, sheds, water tanks, fencing, and lighting necessary for the proper execution of the Works. On completion of the Works all offices, housing, stores, etc. provided in accordance with this clause shall be removed from the Sites.
2.14
Toilets
The toilets shall be removed on the date of completion of the Works. Toilets shall be constructed and maintained strictly in compliance with the requirements of the local Health and Sanitary Authorities.
2.15
Accidents and First Aid

The Contractor shall within 24 hours of the occurrence of any accident at or about the Sites or in connection with the execution of the work report such accident to CELCO. The Contractor shall also report such accident to the competent authority wherever law requires such report. The Contractor shall provide on each Site, an adequate and easily accessible First Aid Outfit or such outfits as may be required by any Government law.
2.16
Safety Precautions
Notwithstanding the provisions of the Conditions of Contract, the Contractor shall take such measures as may be necessary to ensure the safety of persons on the Sites. These measures shall include the fencing of all holes and excavations, the checking of the strength and security of all shuttering, shoring, scaffolding, ladders, etc., such measures not being limited to the minimum necessary to comply with legal obligations.
2.17
Samples and Testing of Materials

All samples of materials shall be tested for compliance as specified in a laboratory approved by CELCO. Testing shall be at the Contractor's expense. Wherever the expression "approved or equivalent" is mentioned, such equivalent materials shall be submitted to CELCO for approval of the name or names of the manufacturer and if required by CELCO shall submit adequate samples, manufacturer's certificates, test results for compliance in a laboratory directed by CELCO. Samples of all materials and workmanship intended in the execution of the Works may be called for at any time by CELCO and shall be submitted for approval without delay by the Contractor. The Contractor shall supply samples and pay the carriage of the same to enable the tests and analyses thereof to be made. No materials of which samples have been submitted shall be used in the Permanent Works unless and until CELCO has approved the samples in writing. CELCO shall be at liberty to reject all materials and workmanship that are not equal in quality and character to such approved samples.
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CELCO shall be at liberty to direct those tests he may desire before and after delivery of the materials at the Sites be carried out and may reject any materials that fail to comply with the required conditions. The Contractor shall provide and prepare such and so many test pieces of the various materials as CELCO may from time to time direct or as may be specified. The Contractor shall analyse, test or weigh according to what is required by the Specification or by CELCO. The Contractor shall promptly remove all materials form the Sites that have been condemned by CELCO due to any of the following reasons: not complying with the Specification, having deteriorated on the Site so as to be no longer fit for incorporation in the Works, or being inferior to samples previously submitted,
2.18
Delivery and Storage Of Materials

All materials, manufactured articles, shall be delivered in the original packaging bearing the name of the manufacturer and brand. All materials shall be stored in an approved manner and shall be protected from weather and dampness during transit and after delivery. Any damaged materials or manufactured articles shall not be used in the Works and any such materials or manufactured articles damaged during and after having been incorporated in the Works shall be removed and replaced immediately at the Contractor's expense.
2.19
Setting Out
The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the accuracy of all setting out of Works including main base lines.
2.20
Protecting the Works

The Contractor shall protect the whole of the Works from damage by weather and any other causes, which shall include temporary casings, coverings, planked barrow runs, padding ladders, and scaffolding used on the Works, and all other measures of protecting the Works from damage or soiling. The Contractor shall not permit anything to be done that may affect the stability of the works and the Contractor will be held responsible for all damage arising through carelessness or inadvertence in this respect. Any works damaged or soiled by weather, traffic or other causes shall be taken down, made good and/or re-executed at the expense of the Contractor.
2.21
Construction Records
The Contractor shall keep full and accurate records of the dimensions and positions of all new work, including excavations. These records shall include location of any geological features, details of grouting and any other information that is necessary for the preparation and completion of as-built drawings.
2.22
Assistance to CELCO
The Contractor shall on each Site provide for the use of CELCO, when requested, the following instruments and apparatus which shall be to the approval of CELCO:
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Time 2

One theodolite to read to one second, complete with tripod. One level with horizontal circle, complete with tripod. Two aluminium levelling staffs graduated in 10 mm (ten millimetres) steps, at least 5 metres long. One Surveyor's steel band at least 100 metres long and 6 mm wide, fully divided, graduated in the metric system, complete with repair kits, tape thermometers and tension handles. An adequate number of ranging rods, flags, chains, steel and fibre-glass tapes, drop arrows, pegs, lines, spirit levels, survey umbrellas, stores and tools as required. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for all such instruments and apparatus and shall ensure that they are at all times calibrated and in good condition.
2.23
Standards
The Contractor shall complete the works according to the British Standards for the relevant Works.
2.24
Materials and Workmanship

All materials employed in connection with the Permanent Work of the Contract shall be new and of the best quality. The description of their respective kinds, and, except where otherwise called for, shall be no less in standard than described in the latest British Codes of Practice or the Drawings that might supersede the specified Code of Practice for such materials. Any modification thereof made before the commencement of or during the continuance of the Contract shall be tested as prescribed therein. Similarly, the workmanship in every case shall be of the best standard and shall be executed by competent workmen in accordance with the best modern practice; and the whole shall be subject to the approval of CELCO. All materials are to be obtained from an approved manufacturer or supplier and are to be used, fixed or applied in accordance with the manufacturer's or supplier's instructions. Similarly, materials specified by manufacturer or by trade name which are substituted by the Contractor for materials from other manufacturers or under other trade names shall, in every case be of the best quality and description of their respective kinds and shall be subject to the approval of CELCO.
2.25
Name of Subcontractors to be Approved

Before entering into any subcontract for any materials, the Contractor shall obtain approval in writing from CELCO of the Subcontractor from whom he proposes to obtain such materials. Should CELCO at any time not be satisfied with the methods of operations of the Subcontractor's works or place of business, he shall have the power to cancel his previously given consent to obtaining any materials from such a Subcontractor. In the event of the Contractor not submitting, for the approval of CELCO, samples of materials of satisfactory quality and workmanship, CELCO shall have the power to specify any particular manufacturer or merchant for the supply of such materials. The Contractor shall without extra charge obtain such materials from the said manufacturer or merchant.
Page 15 of 83
Time 2 2.26 Copies of Orders
The Contractor shall supply to CELCO copies of all orders placed by them for the supply of materials for the construction of the Permanent Work or any item of Permanent Work or materials for the fabrication thereof; similarly.
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Time 2
3
3.1
General Site Works

Scope
This specification sets out the requirements for the design and construction of all works on a site to be used as a radio site including foundations for towers, containers and outdoor cabinets. The following requirements are the minimum standards according to the CELCOs. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. An experienced Professional Engineer shall be consulted prior to use in any project.
3.2
Purpose
This specification sets out the requirements for the design and construction of BTS Site Civil Works.
3.3 3.3.1
Demolitions Gas or Vapour Risks

Take adequate precautions to prevent fire or explosion caused by gas or vapour.
3.3.2
Dust
Reduce dust by periodically spraying demolition works with water.
3.3.3
Health Hazards
Take adequate precautions to protect site operatives and the general public from health hazards associated with dangerous fumes and dust arising during the course of the works.
3.3.4
Adjoining Property
When demolishing structure(s) against property leave adequate temporary support and protection at each stage and arrange for inspection. Maintain and alter temporary supports and protection as necessary as work progresses Demolish structure(s) causing a minimum of damage to adjoining property and leave no unnecessary or unstable projections. Do not disturb support to foundations of adjoining property unless otherwise instructed. Report any defects exposed or becoming apparent in adjoining property. Promptly repair any damage caused to adjoining property by demolition work. Make good to ensure safety I stability I weather protection and security.
Page 17 of 83
Time 2 3.3.5 Structure(S) To Be Retained
Adequately protect parts of existing structure(s), which are to be kept in place. Cut away and strip out the minimum necessary and with care to reduce the amount of making good to a minimum. Prevent debris from overloading any part of the structure, which is not to be demolished.
3.3.6
Partly Demolished Structure(S)

Leave partly demolished structure(s) in a stable condition, with adequate temporary support at each stage to prevent risk of uncontrolled collapse. Prevent debris from overloading scaffolding platforms. Prevent access of unauthorised persons to partly demolished structure(s). Leave safe outside working hours.
3.3.7
Dangerous Openings
Illuminate and protect as necessary.
3.3.8
Unknown Hazards
Inform of any unrecorded voids, tanks, chemicals etc discovered during demolition work. Agree methods for safe removal, filling etc.
3.3.9
Open Basements Etc

Leave adequate buttress walls or provide temporary support to basement retaining walls up to ground level. Make the remaining sections of any retaining and buttress walls safe and secure.
3.3.10
Filling Of Basement
Leave adequate buttress walls or provide temporary support to basement retaining walls up to ground level. Remove all organic material and soil from basements and other voids. Fill and consolidate with approved material.
3.3.11
Completion
Clear away all debris and leave the site in a tidy condition on completion.
3.3.12
Materials Arising
3.3.12.1 Ownership
Components and materials arising from the demolition are to become the property of the Contractor except where otherwise provided. Remove from site as work proceeds.
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Time 2 3.3.12.2 Hard-core
Brick, stone and concrete rubble or other hard materials arising from demolition work may be reused as hard-core subject.
3.4 3.4.1 3.4.1.1
Excavating and Earthwork Preliminary Site Works General

Earthworks and general excavations shall be carried out by machine in a workmanlike manner complying to the requirements of B.S. 6031 Earthworks and B.S.8004 Foundations, subject to any qualifications given herein this specification. Before commencing any excavations, the contractor shall study all existing Drawing and together with CELCO or his representative, carry out a joint inspection of the site in order to identify and locate any circumstances that might indicate the presence of underground cable, water or other service pipes at or in the vicinity of such exactions. Thereafter, the Contractor shall carry out the excavations in such manner and sequence as the CELCO may direct. The Contractor shall adequately protect such uncovered services pending instructions. No instruction issued by CELCO under such circumstance shall be deemed to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations and responsibilities under the Contract. Site work comprises all necessary work for excavation, placement or disposal of earth, rock or other material from or to the Sites or adjacent as shown on the Drawings or as directed by CELCO. The Contractor shall submit for approval details of his scheme and methods of excavation, shoring and filling before starting work. Such approval shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities for the efficiency of his methods.
3.4.1.2
Soil Investigation
A soil investigation shall be carried out at each site. The report from the investigation shall cover, but not limited to, the following items: Soil material classification (identification of hazardous materials). Allowable bearing capacity, for a probable elastic settlement of 25mm under the design serviceability limit state loads, giving due considerations to the possibility of high variability of subsoil layers. Suitability interpreted modulus of elasticity, for soil layers up to at least 1.5 times the longest plan dimension of the tower foundation. Coefficient of active and passive soil pressure. Internal friction angle. Unconfirmed compression strength. Ground water table level. Soil density. Allowable end bearing and skin friction, suitable for the design of pile foundation. Recommended piling system. Earth Resistivity. Ground water pH.
3.4.1.3
Setting Out
The Sites shall be properly set out by the Contractors Licensed Surveyor as shown on the drawings and inspected and approved by CELCO prior to commencing excavation.
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Time 2 3.4.2 Excavation
The Contractor shall grip up and remove trees, hedges, bushes and shrubs and clear the site. All rubbish shall be deposited at an approved Dump Site. The Contractor shall remove all topsoil (the top layer of soil that can support vegetation) and stockpile it adjacent to the Sites for further appropriate use. Excavation shall be taken out to such dimensions as required. Excavation shall, where so is necessary, be shored and strutted and kept free from water The whole of the excavation shall be carried down to such depths as are necessary to obtain a secure foundation. All excavation shall be complete before any fill is deposited No concreting shall be commenced until the excavation has been approved, Excavation shall be carried out by the Contractor in such a way as to avoid disturbance to the surrounding ground. The Contractor is to ensure. by means to be approved, that no excavations will cause damage to existing adjacent structures by permitting ground movement. No heavy plant, hoists or equipment, shall be placed adjacent to excavations unless by written agreement of CELCO. No such agreement given or implied shall relieve the Contractor of his contractual responsibility. Excavations shall be carefully planned to ensure that adjacent ground and works are adequately supported at all times, and their safety shall be the Contractor's responsibility. Planking and strutting, shoring etc. shall be to the approval of the CELCO and the Authorities. Any excavation which may have been allowed to fall in or which has been excavated in good ground beyond the levels and sizes shown on the Drawings is to be filled in at the expense of the Contractor as directed by CELCO. Excavation may be by machine or by hand entirely at the discretion of the Contractor. Under no circumstances will a claim be entertained for the extra cost of hand over machine excavation. The Contractor shall stockpile suitable material and topsoil in separate tips, All unsuitable material shall be removed to tips provided by the Contractor.
3.4.2.1
Excavation for foundations, Trenches, etc.

Excavate for foundation trenches, foundation pits, etc., to the lengths, widths and depths shown on the drawings or directed by CELCO, with sides trimmed and bottoms levelled and stepped as required. A portion of the excavated material shall be returned, filled around walls, etc. and rammed in 150mm layers until consolidations complete. The surplus excavation shall be carted away to the Contractors own dump site or as directed. No clay shall be returned to foundation trenches or holes.
3.4.2.2
Rock Excavation
Should rock be met within the course of excavation, it must be removed by wedges and levers.
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Time 2

For the purpose of measurement, rock shall be defined as materials of a large coherent mass of such size and strength which would normally require to be removed by blasting, frilling and/or wedging, if carried out by hand. Removal of loose boulders of a volume not exceeding one cubic metre, encountered in all classes of excavation will not be treated as rock excavation and shall be paid for at normal excavation rates. No rock shall be excavated without prior inspection and confirmation by CELCO. CELCO shall be informed as soon as any rock is met with during the course of excavations. He shall examine the material if it is classified as rock, in accordance with the classification stipulated herein. CELCOS decision shall be final.
3.4.2.3
Other Hard Materials

Materials such as earth gravel, disintegrated or decomposed masses, geologically semiformed rock such as very dense cemented sand and other such hard and complex materials that can be excavated and removed by the standard use of earth moving machines, shall be considered normal classes of materials excavated and shall be paid for at normal excavation rates. A bulldozer equipped with a ripper shall be considered an ordinary earth moving machine.
3.4.2.4
Rock Blasting
No blasting shall be permitted at areas that are within 300 metres from any structure, building or main roads. Blasting will only be permitted with the express written approval of CELCO. When blasting is carried out, the Contractor shall ensure, by adherence to proper safety distances and by the use of heavy blasting mats, that no care shall be taken when blasting in wet ground to ensure that individual explosives are reduced to such a size as to preclude damage to any buildings or structures. The Contractor shall be held solely responsible for any damage or nuisance caused by blasting operations. Explosives shall be properly stored in a licensed store or magazine with a separate compartment for storing detonators. Explosives shall be handled only by licensed shotfires. The Contractor shall institute strict security measures to ensure no unauthorised issue or improper use of explosives brought onto the site. Relevant security regulations pertaining to storage, handling, transport and use of explosives shall be strictly adhered to. Explosives shall be used in the quantities and manner recommended by manufacturers. CELCOs written permission shall be obtained for each location or series of locations where the Contractor wishes to blast. Such permission shall not relieve the contractor of his liabilities under the terms of this Contract.
3.4.2.5
Water Problem
The Contractor shall carry out all necessary arrangements for controlling the water inflow into the excavation pit during excavation, construction of formwork and concreting. These arrangements may include temporary cofferdams, well point system, pumps, trenches, flumes and other recognised means. The Contractor shall keep all surfaces upon or against which concrete is to be deposited free from running water and no concrete shall be placed until such surfaces are properly drained. Suitable precautions shall be taken to prevent running water from washing out concrete while it is curing or from damaging the Works in any other way.
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Time 2 3.5 Filling
All filling shall consist of suitable material and shall be compacted to not less than 95% of the maximum dry density of the soil optimum moisture (Proctor). Compacting shall be carried out in a series of continuous operations (not less than 3) over the full width of the layer. The thickness of layer shall not exceed 250mm. Compacting shall be executed with a vibrating plate compactor with a weight of not less than 100kg. Suitable material shall have the following requirements: The plasticity index (PI) shall not exceed 30% The percentage passing a 75microns sieve shall not exceed 40% The C.B.R. swell shall not exceed 1% after 40 hours soaking The maximum laboratory dry density shall not be less than 1800kg/m3. The material shall not contain rock or stones exceeding 100 mm measured in any direction.
3.5.1
Back filling
The Contractor shall ensure the following points during soil back filling: The excavations and areas to be filled shall be free from loose soil, rubbish and standing water. Different material shall be placed separately so that only one type of material occurs in each layer. The fill shall not include marshes or bogs, peat, logs, stumps and perishable material and any other unsuitable material as defined below. Material excavated from the trench shall be laid and compacted in layers with thickness not exceeding 300 mm. Each layer shall be watered and thoroughly compacted with soil compactor, for example 4 times run over with a 100 kg vibrating plate (wacker plate). Layers of clay and other cohesion materials shall not be watered.
3.5.2
Unsuitable Material
Unsuitable material shall mean other than suitable material and shall include: Materials from swamps, marshes or bogs, running silt, peat logs, stumps, perishable material, slurry or mud. Any Materials: Consisting of highly organic clay or silt; Which is clay having a liquid limit exceeding 80 and/or a plasticity index exceeding 55; Which is susceptible to spontaneous combustion; Consisting of such clinkers, clinker ashes, fly ashes and domestic ashes which by virtue of their physical or chemical composition or of their moisture content will not compact to form a suitable fill.
Page 22 of 83
Time 2 3.5.3 3.5.3.1 Turfing General
In general, the entire ground surface of the site bounded by perimeter PC drains and the premix site entrance, shall be covered with concrete foundations, plinths as well as surface sealant using lean concrete. For site where earth slope is necessary in order to bridge difference between the proposed site level and its natural surroundings, and when such slope was found by detailed slip circle analysis and/or other suitable slope analysis method suitable and appropriate to the particular site condition and such that no retaining wall is necessary, then the proposed slope surface shall be close turfing as described hereinafter.
3.5.3.2
Soiling
Where turf is to be laid a 100mm thick layer of approved topsoil shall be spread and compacted on the surfaces to be turfed.
3.5.3.3
Turf
All turfs shall be cut 300mm wide and at least 300mm long and 75mm thick. They shall consist of healthy dense indigenous carpet grass firmly rooted into at least 50mm of topsoil. The turf shall be free from minosa, lallang and any other objectionable plants and should be preferably laid on the day it is cut. Turf which cannot be laid within three days of cutting may, at the discretion of the Engineer, be used as topsoil. Turf laid on slopes shall be pegged down with split bamboo at least 230mm long.
3.5.3.4
Turfing And Watering

Turf shall be firmly bedded in freshly prepared topsoil dressing and where necessary shall be pegged down with wooden pegs. The Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed in his rates for regular watering of newly laid turf during dry weather until, such time as it is firmly established. Any turf which dries through lack of water shall be replaced at the Contractor's expenses.
3.5.3.5
Surface Finish
All turfing shall be finished to give a smooth compact surface. Where strip and spot turfing is employed the turf shall not stand out above the level of the surrounding topsoil. Turfing shall keep pace with spreading of topsoil.
3.5.3.6
Close Turfing
Close turfing shall consist of turfs laid so that they cover the whole area without any space between them.
3.5.4
Retaining Wall
Not withstanding Clause 3.5.3, for site where due to unavoidable ground level differences such that retaining wall is necessary, then the type of retaining wall adopted shall be justified by design carried out using established soil mechanics method appropriate for its class of application. Wall construction, drainage during and after construction, treatment
Page 23 of 83
Time 2

of surface drainage on top as well as in front of wall, drainage outlet position and its effect downstream are some of the factors that need to be explicitly described and duly considered for such application. Overall (global) slope stability analysis may be required for case such as, though not limited to, slope more than 10m high with an average slope gradient steeper than 1V:2H coupled with adjacent (not more than 10m) away from essential public road or railway line, water reservoir and any other essential public utilities.
3.6 3.6.1
Concrete Work In Situ Concrete Construction Generally

All concrete works shall be executed in accordance with the requirements of B. S. 8110 The Structural Use of Reinforced Concrete in Buildings. The Contractor shall do all concrete work. The concrete work includes lean concrete, reinforcement and the pouring and curing of concrete. Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the formwork as rapidly as practicable to prevent the segregation or loss of any of the ingredients. The concrete shall be thoroughly worked against the formwork and around reinforcement and embedded items without displacing them or causing damage to the formwork. Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical vibration. Vibration should be applied continuously during the placing of each batch of concrete until the expulsion of air has practically ceased and in a manner which does not promote segregation of the ingredients. The temperature of the concrete at the time of placing shall be at least 5C. The Contractor shall ensure that the temperature of the concrete does not fall below 5C for the first 72 hours after casting. Tower foundation calculations shall be based on loads from the tower legs and data from the soil investigation. The foundation shall be designed to be able to use the weight of the soil as part of the total counterweight towards pulling force from tower leg.
3.6.2 3.6.2.1
In Situ Concrete Mixes, Casting And Curing Tolerances

Dimensional tolerances for concrete structure shall not exceed +/- 10mm. Tolerance for concrete cover according to 3.6.2.10.
3.6.2.2
Cement
The cement used shall be ordinary setting or rapid hardening Portland Cement of approved manufacture and shall comply with the requirements of M. S. 522 and B.S. 12:1978. Cement shall be obtained from a single identified source to ensure consistency of mix and colour, unless otherwise approved by CELCO.
3.6.2.3
Water
Water used in concrete must be clear and free from harmful matter and shall comply with the requirements of B. S. 3148. If the water is suspected to contain any harmful matter, salt etc., it shall be analysed to clarify the content of such matters.
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Time 2 3.6.2.4 Aggregates
The aggregates shape, colour and grading must be consistent. Marine aggregates must not be used without prior approval from CELCO. The maximum size of aggregate shall be 20 mm. Aggregate shall comply with the requirements of B.S. 882 Specification for Aggregates from natural Sources for Concrete. They shall not contain water solublesulphur trioxide (SO3) in excess of 0.1 percent and they shall be obtained from a source approved by CELCO The fine aggregates shall not contain silt or other fine material exceeding 6 percent by volume when tested according to the Standard Method given in B. S. 812 clause 15 and 28. The use of mining sand crushed stone will not be permitted as fine aggregates Sand for cement mortar shall conform to B.S. 1200.
3.6.2.5
Admixtures
No admixtures are permitted except air.
3.6.2.6
Concrete Mixes
The consistency of the mix shall be such that both the specified surface finish and the required compaction can be achieved. Details of the mix must be submitted to CELCO and must show aggregate grading, cement content, water/cement ratio, and density of concrete and workability.
3.6.2.7
Chloride content
The total chloride content of the concrete mix arising from the aggregate, together with that from any other source, should not in any circumstances exceed 0.2 %.
3.6.2.8
Testing
Assessment of the compressive strength and consistency of the concrete quality shall be by compression tests on concrete cubes made from fresh samples of the actual concrete used in the works. Three cubes shall be prepared from each sample and marked so that the date of casting and location can be determined. Cubes shall be marked consecutively so that the omission of any cube can be easily identified. Concrete cubes shall be tested at an approved independent laboratory. They shall be made, stored and tested in accordance with the latest edition of British standard Codes of Practice. One cube from each sample shall be tested at an age of 7 days. The others shall be retained and shall be tested at an age of 28 days. A copy of the results shall be forwarded directly to CELCO by the testing laboratory within 48 hours of the test. The report of the results shall include identifying marks, slump test from site, compressive strength, mix, location and density.
3.6.2.9
Climatic Conditions
A thermometer indicating maximum and minimum air temperatures and an immersion type thermometer shall be kept on site at all times when concreting is in progress. The air temperature shall be read early morning, midday and late afternoon and shall be recorded in the site logbook, which shall be available for inspection. The maximum and minimum temperatures shall also be recorded each day.
Page 25 of 83
Time 2 3.6.2.10 Concrete Cover

The concrete cover shall be 50mm +/- 3mm.
3.6.2.11 Concrete Surface Finish

The surface should be free from voids, honeycombing, or other large blemishes.
3.6.2.12 Curing
The methods of curing and their duration shall be such that the concrete will have satisfactory durability and strength, the member will suffer a minimum of distortion, be free of excessive efflorescence and will not cause, by its shrinkage, undue cracking in the structure. The concrete shall be cured by covering it with a material such as polythene sheet or a curing compound or with an absorbent material which is kept damp for a minimum curing time of 48 hours. Under adverse conditions such as hot weather or drying winds, this time is to be doubled.
3.6.3
Formwork for In Situ Concrete

The formwork shall be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss of grout or water from the concrete at all stages. It shall also be designed to withstand the forces caused by the method of placing and compacting concrete. The formwork (including supports) shall be sufficiently rigid to maintain the forms in their correct position. shape and profile so that the final concrete structure is within the limits of the dimensional tolerances specified. All debris and other deleterious materials shall be removed from the interior of the forms before the concrete is placed. The faces of the forms in contact with concrete shall be cleaned and treated.
3.6.4 3.6.4.1
Reinforcement for In Situ Concrete General.

All reinforcement shall be positioned as indicated on the drawings. They shall be secured against displacement. The actual concrete cover shall be equal or more than the required nominal cover minus 5 mm. All connections, laps and joints between bars shall be according to the British Codes of Practice. All reinforcement prior to concreting shall be free from mud, oil, paint, loose rust, loose mill scale, snow, ice, grease or any other substance which could affect the steel adversely or the concrete chemically or to reduce the bond. Mild steel rod reinforcement shall be plain round hot rolled mild steel bars complying with the requirements of B.S. 4449 High yield deformed steel rod reinforcement shall be high tensile steel bars complying with the requirements of B.S. 4449 Part I with a minimum yield stress of 410 N/mm2.
3.6.4.2
Durability
For durability of reinforcement, consideration shall be taken with respect to concrete cover according to 4.2.8, limitation of crack width and the occurrence of tensile stresses, limitation of chloride and composition of concrete. For durability of concrete, air content in concrete above the ground level and 1m down shall be minimum 5.5 %. For other parts a
Page 26 of 83
Time 2

minimum air content of 4.5 % is applicable. The maximum stone diameter shall be 20mm and water- cement ratio shall be < 0.55.
3.6.4.3
Tower Template
The Contractor shall position and install the tower anchor bolts using a tower template. He shall ensure that the bolts are installed observing the specified tolerances. The template must not be removed within the first 72 hours of pouring the concrete. A damaged tower template shall not be used under any circumstances. If a damaged template has been delivered to the Contractor, CELCO shall be informed immediately. The templates shall be reused and the Contractor is responsible for the cleaning and storing of the used template.
3.6.4.4
Worked Finishes To In Situ Concrete

All formwork shall be removed without shock or vibration that might damage the concrete. The Contractor shall decide the striking times for all formwork and shall ensure that these striking times do not lead to damage of the structure or its finish.
3.7 3.7.1
Piling Works Codes of Practice

Unless otherwise specified in this Specification, all piling shall conform to the requirements of CP 2004, subject to any qualifications here below.
3.7.2
Piling Generally
This work shall consists of supply, installation and testing of piles in accordance with this Specification and to the layout and details shown on the Drawings, unless otherwise directed by CELCO. All materials and workmanship shall be the best of their respective kind, and in accordance to the requirements of this Specification.
3.7.3
General Requirements for Tolerances

Setting out shall be carried out from the main grid lines of the proposed structure, using the data and reference points as shown on the Drawings. Immediately before installation of the pile, the pile position shall be marked with suitable identifiable pins, pegs or markers. For a pile cut off at or above ground level the maximum permitted deviation of the pile centre from the centre points shown on the Drawings shall not exceed 75mm in any direction. For a pile cut off below ground level an increase in this tolerance is permitted in accordance with the following clauses. The maximum permitted deviation of the finished pile from the vertical is 1 in 75. The piling rig shall be set and maintained to attain the required rake. The maximum permitted deviation of the finished pile from the specified rake or the rake shown on the Drawings is 1 in 25. Forcible corrections to concrete piles shall not to be permitted. Forcible corrections may be permitted to other types of piles if approved by CELCO. However, no forcible corrections shall be made to piles, which have deviated beyond the permissible limits specified above.
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Time 2

The Contractor shall, if ordered by CELCO, extract and reinstall any pile which has deviated out of position or alignment by more than the specified limit, or alternatively the substructure shall be modified to the approval of CELCO. The cost of such extraction and reinstallation or any extra cost in the design and construction of a modified foundation shall be borne by the Contractor if, in the opinion of CELCO, such extra works have been made necessary due to the error and/or negligence of the Contractor. The Contractor shall keep records of the installation of each pile as required by CELCO and shall submit three signed copies if these records to CELCO. not later than at noon of the next working day after the pile has been installed. The signed records shall form part of the records for the Works. Any unexpected driving or boring conditions shall be noted in the records.
3.7.4
Piling Programme
The Contractor shall submit to CELCO. his proposed programme for execution of the piling works at least seven (7) days before commencement of work. Adequate notice shall also be given to CELCO of any piling operation to carried out after normal working hours.
3.7.5
Damage to Piles
The Contractor shall execute the works in such a manner so as to minimise damage to piles. All piles damaged during handling, transporting, pitching, driving, or due to any reason whatsoever shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own cost.
3.7.5.1
Definitions
The following terms and definitions shall have the meanings hereunder ascribed: (a) Preliminary Pile - Pile installed, prior to the confirmation, the adequacy of the design, dimensions and bearing capacity. This pile shall be treated as a working pile. unless otherwise directed by CELCO. (b) Working Pile - Pile installed as part of the permanent foundation works. (c) Ultimate Load - Where pile test is carried out, this is defined as the constant load at which the pile continue to settle at a steady rate, or the load at which the maximum settlement of the pile top during one continuous loading cycle is one tenth of the pile base diameter or least dimension, whichever is the lesser. Where pile test is carried out, the ultimate load is defined as the calculated ultimate load, derived from appropriate static bearing capacity calculations. (d) Design Load - The design load shall be defined in relation to a pile loaded in isolation, without nearby piles being loaded except those providing test reaction. Where the ultimate load is measured by means of pile tests, the design load is the ultimate load divided by the specified factor of safety. Where the ultimate load is not measured by means of pile tests, the design load is the lesser of the following:
Page 28 of 83
Time 2

The calculated ultimate load of the pile divided by the specified factor of safety. The calculated ultimate load of the pile base together with the calculated shaft adhesion, as derived from appropriate static bearing capacity calculations divided by a factor of safety of 3.0. (e) Safety Factor - The factor of safety shall be taken as not less then 2.0 for piles in compression, and not less than 3.0 for piles in tension unless otherwise specified. (f) Working Load - The design load modified to allow for group effect, pile spacing or any other factors that may change the efficiency of the total foundation from that of a single isolated pile, and is at least equal to the dead load plus imposed loads on the pile together with down drag or uplift load as appropriate. It shall include the gustiness effect of wind loading.
3.7.6 3.7.6.1
Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles Description

This work shall comprise the supply and installation of precast reinforced concrete piles, inclusive of pitching and driving, lengthening and cutting and preparation of pile heads, all in accordance with this Specification and the details shown on the Drawings.
3.7.6.2
Concrete
Unless otherwise specified, ordinary Portland cement shall be used for the casting of piles. The materials and workmanship shall be as specified under Concretor. The grade of concrete and the details of reinforcement to be used shall be as shown on the Drawings.
3.7.6.3
Reinforcement
The main reinforcing bars in piles not exceeding 12m in length shall be in one continuous length unless otherwise approved by the CELCO In piles exceeding 12m long, joints shall be permitted in main longitudinal bars at 12m nominal intervals. Joints in adjacent bars shall be staggered at least 1m apart along the length of the pile. Joints shall be butt welded as required. Other means of jointing reinforcement, such as by means of mechanical couplings shall be to the approval of the CELCO
3.7.6.4
Pile Shoes
The type of pile shoes to be used shall be as shown on the Drawings and shall comply with the following as relevant: Chilled-hardened cast iron shoes as used for making grey iron casting to B.S. 1452, Grade 10; or Mild steel to B.S. 4360, Grade 50B; or Cast steel to B.S. 3100, Grade A. Mild steel straps cast into the shoes shall be as shown on the Drawings. Rock shoes where required shall consists of wrought iron shoes and mild steel straps cast into Chilled-hardened cast iron blocks, as shown on the Drawings.
Page 29 of 83
Time 2 3.7.6.5
Model Site Specifications Manufacture and Storage of Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles
The length of piles to be cast shall be as shown on the Drawings, subject to revision by the CELCO Based on the results of pile driving resistance and/or load tests carried out on piles driven on the site, the S.O may from time to time order the lengths of piles to be modified. Piles shall be cast on a horizontal platform in approved moulds to the dimensions as shown on the Drawings. The concreting of each pile shall be completed in one continuous operation and no interruptions will be permitted. Lifting holes shall be formed during casting in the positions and in accordance with the details shown on the Drawings. The cross-sectional dimensions of the pile shall not be less than those shown on the Drawings and shall not exceed them by more than 6mm. Any face of a pile shall not deviate by more than 6mm from a straight edge 3m long laid on the face, and the centroid of any cross-sections of the pile shall not deviate by more than 12m from the straight line connecting the centroids of the end faces of the pile. After a pile has been cast, the date of casting, reference number, and the length shall be clearly marked with undeletable marker on the top surface and on the head of the pile. In addition, each pile shall be marked at intervals of 0.5m along its length before being driven. The method and sequence of lifting, handling, transporting and storing piles shall be such that piles are not damaged. Only the designed lifting and support points shall be used. During transport and storage, piles shall be placed on adequate supports located under the lifting points of the piles. All piles within a stack shall be in groups of the same length. Packings of uniform thicknesses shall be provided between piles at the lifting points.
3.7.6.6
Pitching of Piles
Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions as shown on the Drawings at all stages during driving and until the pile has set or been driven to the required length. All exposed piles shall be adequately supported and restrained by means of leaders, trestles temporary supports or other guide arrangements to maintain position and alignment and to prevent buckling and damage to the piles.
3.7.6.7
Driving of Piles
Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified set and/or depth has been reached, unless otherwise approved by the CELCO The driving equipment used shall be of such type and capacity to the approval of the CELCO A follower (long dolly) shall not be used unless otherwise approved by the CELCO A detailed record of the driving resistance over the full length of each pile shall be kept. The log shall record number of blows for every 0.5m of pile penetration. The Contractor shall inform the CELCO without delay if an unexpected change in driving characteristics is encountered. Where required by the CELCO, set shall be taken at approved intervals during the driving to establish the behaviour of the piles. A set shall be taken only in the presence of the CELCO The Contractor shall provide all facilities to enable the CELCO to check driving resistances. The final set of a pile other than as friction pile shall be recorded as the penetration in millimetres per 10 blows. The temporary compression of the pile shall be recorded if required. Piles shall be driven in an approved sequence to minimize the detrimental effects of heave and lateral displacement of the ground. When required, careful levelling from a datum unaffected by the pilling shall be made on the pile heads already driven, before
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Time 2

and after driving subsequent piles. Piles which have been displaced as a result of driving adjacent piles shall be redriven to the required resistance.
3.7.6.8
Repair of Damaged Pile Heads

If a pile is to be subjected to further driving, concrete in the damaged pile head shall be cut off square at sound concrete, and all loose particles shall be removed by wire brushings, followed by washing with water. Care shall be exercised to ensure that the reinforcement in the pile head is not in any way damaged. Any damaged reinforcement shall be made good to the satisfaction of the CELCO The head shall be replaced with concrete of an approved grade. The new head shall be cast truly in line with the remainder of the pile and be properly cured and allowed to harden sufficiently to develop the strength necessary for further driving. If a pile has been driven to the required set or depth but sound concrete of the cut-off level as described above.
3.7.6.9
Lengthening of Piles
Where piles have to be lengthened, other than by means of welding of steel plates as detailed on the Drawings, the reinforcement shall be stripped of all surrounding concrete for a distance equal to thirty times the diameter of the main reinforcement measured from the pile head for spliced joints and 300mm for butt welded joints and all lateral reinforcement shall be removed. The lengthening bars shall butt on the exposed bars in true alignment and shall be butt welded as specified or shall be spliced with bars of the same diameter as the main pile bars, 60 diameter in length and lapping the main bars for a distance of 30 diameters above and below the joint, and shall be securely bound with 1.63mm soft annealed iron wore. New binders of similar size shall be provided and spaced at half the centres of the binders in the main body of the pile and shall be securely bound with 1.63mm soft annealed iron wire and the pile extended by concreting in properly constructed moulds to the length required. Care shall be taken to form the joint between the old and new concrete as specified hereinbefore. The extension shall be truly in line with the remainder of the pile, and be properly cured and allowed to harden sufficiently to develop the strength necessary for further driving.
3.7.6.10 Cutting and Preparation of Pile Heads

When a pile has been driven to the required set or depth, the head of the pile shall be cut off to the level specified or shown on the Drawings. The length of reinforcing bars projecting above this level shall be as shown or specified on the Drawings. If the length of reinforcing bars left projecting is insufficient, then they shall be extended by either of the following methods: (a) Butt Welding - The extension bars shall butt on the projecting bars in true alignment and shall be butt welded in accordance with this specification. (b) Splicing - The projecting bars shall be stripped of all surrounding concrete as necessary to allow splices of length 60 x diameters with extension bars. The extension bars shall be securely bound to the projecting bars with 1.63mm soft annealed iron wire. The concrete of the pile shall be made good either before or together with the casting of the pile cap, all to the satisfaction of the CELCO Care shall be taken to avoid cracking or otherwise damaging the rest of the pile. Any cracked or defective section of the concrete pile shall be cut away and make good with new concrete properly bonded to the old.
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Time 2 3.7.7 3.7.7.1 Micropiles Diameter of Piles
The diameter of piles shall not be less than the specified/designed diameter at any level throughout its length.
3.7.7.2
Drilling
The Contractor shall submit to the CELCO details of drilling equipment and drilling procedure for approval before commencement of works. Drilling shall be carried down to the depths described or shown on the Drawings. The Contractor shall take undisturbed soil samples whilst drilling is being executed. The samples shall be taken to an approved laboratory for testing. Upon completion of drilling, each hole shall be inspected prior to the placing of reinforcement and grout.
3.7.7.3
Mixing and Placing Grout

The Contractor shall provide details of the method and equipment used in grout mixing. Further information such as grouting pressure, grouting procedure, grouting equipment and techniques employed in grouting underwater shall also be furnished for approval. Grout shall be mixed on Site and shall be free from segregation, slumping and bleeding. Grout shall be pumped into its final position in one continuous operation as soon as possible and in no case more than half an hour after mixing.
3.7.7.4
Testing Grout
Grout shall be tested in accordance with BS 4550 and BS 1881.
3.7.7.5
Where lengthening is required, the pile reinforcement unit shall be concerned on Site to the details shown on the Drawings. Other means of jointing reinforcement shall be to the approval of the CELCO
3.7.7.6
Cutting and Preparation of Pile Heads

Pile heads shall be constructed to the details as shown on the Drawings.
3.7.8 3.7.8.1
Pressure-Treated Timber Piles Description

This work shall comprise the supply and installation of lengthening and preparation of pile heads, all in accordance with this Specification and to the details shown on the Drawings. The timber terms used in this Specification shall have the meanings assigned to them in MS 229.
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Time 2 3.7.8.2 Materials
Unless otherwise approved by the CELCO, Kempas (Koompassia Malaccensis) shall be used and this shall not be of a lesser quality than the grading specified in Appendix A of MS 822 Pressure-treated timber piles shall conform to MS 822 and shall be approved by SIRIM.
3.7.8.3
Manufacture
Before commencement of work the Contractor shall notify the CELCO of the name of the supplier and manufacturer for approval. The method of preservative treatment for timber piles shall be full-cell process as described in MS 360. The preservative used shall comply with MS 733. The depth of penetration of preservative shall be a minimum of 25mm and the net dry salt retention in the treated part of the timber shall be a minimum of 16kg/cu.m. Piles shall be within 2mm and +6mm of their specified cross-sectional dimensions. The centroid of any cross-section of a pile shall not deviate by more than 25mm from the straight line connecting the centroids of the end faces of the pile. Before the treated timber pile is accepted for the work the Contractor shall obtain from the manufacturer of the treated piles approved warranty which provides, that for a ten year period, the treated piles shall be free from fungus and insect attack.
3.7.9 3.7.9.1
Bakau Piles Materials

All bakau piles shall be free from rot, fungal or past attack and any other defects. The piles shall be reasonably straight and circular in cross-section with all branch joints trimmed off to the general outline of the piles but leaving the bark intact on the piles.
3.7.9.2
Delivery and Inspection of Bakau Piles

The Contractor shall notify the CELCO of the delivery of piles to the Site and provide labour and facilities to enable the CELCO to inspect and measure each pile at the time of unloading. Accepted piles shall be stacked on an approved surface in an approved area and kept constantly in a damp condition. Rejected piles shall be removed from the site forthwith.
3.7.9.3
Pitching of Piles
Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions and at spacings as shown on the Drawings or as approved by the CELCO
3.7.9.4
Driving of Piles
The length of piles to be driven shall be as described or shown on the Drawings. Based on the results of pile driving resistance and/or load tests carried out on piles driven on the site, the CELCO may, from time to time order the lengths or spacing of piles to be modified.
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Unless otherwise approved, bakau piles shall be driven by means of a drop hammer of at least 250kg in mass, suspended from a shear-leg or approved pile-frame. Piles shall be driven in an approved sequence to minimise the detrimental effects of heave and lateral displacement of the ground. When required, levels and measurements shall be taken to determine the movement of the ground or any pile resulting from the driving process. If any pile upheaval occurs as a result of adjacent piles being driven, the Contractor shall submit to the CELCO for approval, his proposals for correcting this and to avoid the same in subsequent work. The pile head shall be flat and at right angels to the axis of the pile, its edges chamfered to minimise splitting during driving. The Contractor shall take precautions to avoid damage to the pile head during hard driving by providing a suitable metal helmet. A hardwood dolly and, if necessary, a packing piece shall be used above the helmet. If during driving the head of the pile becomes excessively broomed or otherwise damaged, the damaged part shall be cut off, the head retrimmed and the helmet refitted.
3.7.9.5
Where a pile has to be jointed, it shall be to the details as shown on the Drawings. Only one joint shall be allowed. The two pile ends to be jointed shall be of the same diameter and each shall be cut at right angles to its axis to make contract over the whole crosssection when the two timbers are co-axial. A mild steel tube connector of No. 9 gauge shall be used to join the two pile ends. The steel tube connector shall be painted with red lead paint or otherwise protected against corrosion all to the satisfaction of the CELCO The pile ends shall be trimmed or packed in the connector to provide a tight fit.
3.7.9.6
Cutting and Preparing of Pile Heads

When the piles have been driven to the required depth, the top of the piles shall be cut off to a uniform level. The cut-off level shall be below the lowest dry season ground water level as shown on the Drawings or as approved by the CELCO
3.7.10
Pile Testing
3.7.10.1 Test Piles

In order to determine the required length of pile at each location, the Contractor shall drive test piles as shown on the Drawings and/or as instructed by the CELCO Test piles shall be driven with the same hammer that is used for driving foundation piles.
3.7.10.2 Preliminary Pile Load Tests

Preliminary pile load tests shall be carried out before the CELCO issues to the Contractor, in writing, instructions on the pile length and pile length combinations for the manufacture and supply of the piles. The Contractor shall not proceed to manufacture or supply the piles until he has received instructions in writing to do so from the CELCO The lengths of the piles for the preliminary load tests shall be determined by the CELCO
3.7.10.3 Production Pile Load Tests

Load tests shall also be carried out during the installation of piles for the permanent Works. Such pile load tests shall be referred to as production pile load tests.
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Time 2 3.7.10.4 Preparation of Test Pile
The pile head shall be cut off or built up to the necessary elevation and shall be capped appropriately to produce a bearing surface perpendicular to the axis of the pile. The arrangement shall be such that none of the test load is carried by the ground under the cap.
3.7.10.5 Method of Loading

The test load shall be applied in one of the following ways: by means of a jack which obtains its reaction from kentledge heavier than the required load; by means of a jack which obtains its reaction from tension piles or other suitable anchors. The load shall be measured using a calibrated load gauge and also a calibrated pressure gauge in the hydraulic system. The jack and load gauge shall be carefully aligned so that the load applied is co-axial with the pile. When the first method is used, care shall be taken to ensure that the centre of gravity of the kentledge is on the axis of the pile. The nearest edge of the crib supporting the kentledge stack shall not be closer than 1.3m to the surface of the test pile. Kentledge shall not be used for testing raked piles. When the second method is used, all anchor piles shall be at a distance of at least three (3) pile shaft diameters from the test pile, centre to centre, and in no case shall they be less than 2m from the test pile. If the anchor piles are to be permanent working piles, their levels shall be observed during application of the test load to ensure no residual uplift occurs.
3.7.10.6 Measurement of Settlement

Settlements shall be measured by use of a reference beam or wire supported independently of the load test pile, reaction pile or piles supporting reaction loads. Settlements shall be measured to the nearest 0.1mm for reference beams or 0.5mm for reference wires. The reference beams support shall be located at least 3m from the load test pile, reaction pile or piles supporting reaction loads. The reference beams or wires shall be protected from the effects of temperature changes.
3.7.10.7 Method of Testing

Maintained Load Test shall be conducted on test piles as selected by the CELCO The loading tests shall be carried out as specified here below. When instructed or approved by the CELCO, Constant Rate of Penetration Tests shall also be conducted on other piles. Prior to the performance of any load test, the Contractor shall submit to the CELCO for his approval, working drawings which shows the method and equipment h proposes to use in the performance of the load test and the measurement of settlements. Such submission shall include design calculations of lateral support or other methods to be used in ensuring against buckling. Horizontal supports to ensure buckling stability shall be provided to the pile to be loaded whenever the ratio of the unsupported height to the least cross-sectional dimension is 20 or more. Horizontal supports shall provide full support without restraining the vertical movement of the pile in any way.
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Time 2 3.7.10.8 Maintained Load Test

The maintained Load Test shall be carried out as follows:
the full test on a pile shall be twice the design load noted on the Drawings and it shall be applied in twelve equal increments. At least two hours shall elapse between the addition of each load increment, i.e. until the rate of settlement is reduced to less than 0.25mm/hour and slowing down; the full load shall be maintained on the pile for at least 48 hours and settlements shall be recorded at intervals of not more than 12 hours. The test pile shall then be unloaded in four equal increments at one hour intervals until the full load is removed. Settlement readings shall be made immediately after and before every load increment is applied or removed.
3.7.10.9 Constant Rate of Penetration

For each pile load test, three cycles of pile loading test at a constant rate of penetration shall be carried out to a full test load equal to twice the design load. The rate of loading shall be such that a constant rate of penetration is maintain throughout the test insofar as its practicable. The rate of movement of each pile to be tested shall b agreed upon with the CELCO prior to the start of the test. At least twelve readings of settlements and their corresponding loads shall be made in the loading process. After attaining a test load equal to twice the design load, the load shall gradually be released and at least four readings of settlement and their corresponding loads shall be made during the unloading process. The settlement obtained when the load has been completely released shall also be recorded. An interval of at least 15 minutes shall elapse before the next CRP test is commenced.
3.7.10.10 Submission of Results

Full test date and results shall be jointly signed by the CELCOs representative and the Contractors authorised agent immediately upon completion of the test, and shall consist of the following: for the Maintained Load Test, for each stage of loading, the period for which the load was held, the load and the maximum settlement. These are to be plotted as timesettlement graphs. for the CRP test, the maximum load reached and a graph of load against penetration.
3.7.10.11 Interpretation of Test Results

The CELCOs interpretation and conclusions on the test results shall be final. Unless otherwise specified, the pile so tested shall be deemed to have failed if: the residual settlement after removal of the test load exceed 6.50mm; or the total settlement under the Working Load exceeds 12.50mm; or the total under twice the Working Load exceeds 38.0mm, or 10% of pile diameter/width whichever is the lower value.
3.7.10.12 Load Testing of Bakau Piles

In general, all preceding requirements shall equally apply to the load testing of bakau piles, except that what is understood as single test piles shall mean a group of test piles for bakau piles.
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Time 2

The load testing of bakau piles shall be carried out on a group of nine bakau piles, made up of three rows of piles, three in a row. An approved reinforced concrete pile cap with a loading pedestal shall be cast centrally over the group of piles to be tested. The loading pedestal shall be short to ensure stability, and it shall have an approved mild steel bearing plate cast on top. The load shall be applied centrally on to the steel plate. Bakau piles shall be tested to failure by the Maintained Load Test as described hereinbefore. The load on the pile group shall be applied in 2 to 4 equal increments as directed by the CELCO until the failure load is reached. The failure load (i.e. ultimate load) is that load at which the piles continue to settle at a constant rate without further increase of applied load. For each increment of load, the settlement readings shall be recorded at 15 minute intervals until the rate of settlement is less than 0.25mm per hour. The load at each increment shall be maintained at a constant value throughout the rest. Graphs of time-settlements, load-time and load-settlement, to a suitable scale, shall be plotted and submitted to the CELCO with all records of the readings.
3.8 3.8.1
Brickwork And Blockwork Brick/Block Walling

All block work shall be set out and built to the respective dimensions, thickness and heights shown on the Drawings. All concrete blocks shall be cured before building into the wall. All block work shall be carried up in a uniform manner. No one portion being raised more than 0.90m above another at one time. Blocks shall be properly bedded and jointed and all joints filled with mortar (10mm thick).
3.8.1.1
Materials
Concrete blocks shall be made of Ordinary Portland Cement or unless otherwise specified. Blocks shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer shall have a minimum compression strength test of 5N/mm2 after 28 days and shall comply with British standard Codes of Practice. All blocks shall be properly cured and dry when delivered to the Sites. Cement for mortar shall be ordinary Portland Cement and shall comply with British standard Codes of Practice. Sand shall be clean, sharp sand, free from salt and shall comply with British standard Codes of Practice. Water shall be clean and free from harmful matter and shall be tested in accordance with British standard Codes of Practice.
3.8.2 3.8.2.1
Accessories/Sundry Items for Brick/Block/Stone Walling Mortar

Cement mortar shall consists of one part cement to four parts sand (1:4) measured by volume. Mortar generally shall be machine-mixed dry and then water added until the correct consistency is obtained. Hand mixing shall be carried out on a clean, watertight platform, first dry and then with water added until the correct consistency is obtained.
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Time 2

Mortar shall be used within 30 minutes after addition of water and shall not be re-mixed or worked-up again after it has commenced to set. Any mortar unused after 30 minutes shall be removed from the Sites.
3.9
Access Road
The access road shall be 4.8m wide for the first 6m outward from the site fencing gate, then tapered at 1;2 slope to narrow down to at least 3 metres wide beyond, and be able to carry the load of a light truck vehicle without damages at all times. 30m Premix access road, measuring from the fencing gate outward, is standard with all sites. The variable is a crushed gravel road, which shall depend on individual site location, measured from the end of premix road section stated herein to the point of existing public access road. The compaction and drainage requirement for access road shall be at least as described in section on earthwork stated herein. An entrance culvert may be necessary, depending on natural site levels and drainage as well as the final platform level adopted. Refer to drawing for the general guiding requirement of type and size.
3.10 3.10.1
Land Drainage General

Drain construction consist of precast block drain embedded in 1:3:6 concrete mix including all bends, junctions, cascading step, etc, to match and brickwall wall sides, complete with all necessary weep holes, filter media, etc., including all necessary excavation formwork and part return, fill in and ram and remainder load and cart away from site to Contractor's own dump.
3.10.2
Natural Drainage
The Contractor shall ensure that the natural water course is not obstructed during the various stages of contract works, and he shall when instructed provide silt traps at approved locations to prevent the loss of earth from exposed cuts or fills.
3.10.3
Precast Block Drain Sections

All precast concrete block drains delivered to site shall be the correct sizes and shapes in accordance with the general requirements as shown in the Drawings. The product shall be sound and have smooth inside surfaces for the flow of water.
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Time 2
3.10.4
Setting Out
The Contractor shall set out clearly the lines and levels of cut, sight rails and boning rods for drain laying.
3.10.5
Laying Of Block Drains

Precast block drains shall be laid in trenches dug to the correct levels and alignment and jointed to produce a neat even alignment and gradient. Over-digging shall be made good by selected fill well compacted and to the satisfaction of CELCO.
3.10.6
Backfilling
Backfilling shall be carried out in layers of 150mm both sides and well compacted. Excess spoil after backfilling shall be removed and deposited in approved fill areas.
3.11
Fencing
Security fencing shall be hot dip galvanised steel anti-intruder chain link fence complying with British standard Codes of Practice, manufactured by a CELCO approved manufacturer. On sites adjacent to existing sites, security fencing shall be equivalent to the existing fencing if so directed by CELCO.
3.11.1
Netting
Netting shall be hot-dip galvanised steel chain link. The wire diameter shall be 3.3/2.8 mm. The netting shall be 2.6 metres high with mesh size 50 x 50mm. The netting shall intertwined with a 3.2 mm thick hot-dipped galvanised MS Flat bolted with M10 hot-dipped galvanised to the vertical post at each position of the horizontal strand wire.
3.11.2
Fence posts
Fence posts shall be 75mm x 75mm x 5mm thick hot-dip galvanised mild steel angles and spaced at a maximum of 3.0m on centres. The fence corner posts and every alternate post shall have diagonal braces. The diagonal braces shall be 50 x 50 x 5mm thick hotdip galvanised mild steel angles. All posts, including corner posts shall be cranked outward 45 to receive 4 strands of barbed wire. Posts shall be approx. 3.6 metres high overall including the 500 mm length built or cast into the base wall or foundation and including the cranked top. Posts shall be rigid enough to support all fencing items as well as the force of intruders.
3.11.3
Wiring
Barbed wire shall be hot-dip galvanised steel. 4 No strands shall be provided and shall be equipped with suitable spacers.
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Three 3.3/2.8 mm diameter stay-wires shall be provided (one at top, one at fence midheight and one at bottom) secured to the post at each intersection, for the purpose of tying on the netting to the stay-wires.
3.11.4
Erection
Security fencing shall be erected in steps to accommodate changes in ground-level. At no point shall the total overall height of the fencing be less than 3.1 metres.
3.11.5
Gates
Gates shall be double-leaf gates 4 metres wide with the same height as the adjoining fencing. The gates shall be fitted with adjustable hinges with anti- lifting devices, 3 No strands of barbed wire 14 mm diameter hardened locking eyes, 2 No drop-bolts and 1 No padlock. Gate frames shall be in accordance with clause 3.11.2 Fence posts, gate posts shall be set firmly in concrete to a depth of 500 mm. Vertical members in gate frames shall be cranked in accordance with clause 3.11.2 Fence posts and barbed wire with clause 3.11.3 Wiring.
3.12 3.12.1
External Works Grading

On completion of the Works the ground surface within all sites and access roads shall be properly graded and planned. Special care shall be given to preventing surface water from penetrating into the backfilling.
3.12.2
Earth Inspection Pits

When required earth pits will be concrete set into slab or in soil at ground level, they will have a secure cover and will allow access for the testing and inspection of the lightning protection / earthing network. They are to be free draining.
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4
4.1
Towers
Scope
This specification sets out the requirements of CELCO for the structural design and supply free-standing Towers for Radio Sites. For the purposes of this specification Towers are to be installed on Greenfield sites. The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. An experienced Professional Engineer this class of works shall be consulted prior to use in any project.
4.2
Purpose
This specification is to be used by Tower suppliers as the basis for their tender, design and fabrication of Towers.
4.3
Design
British standard shall be used for the general design of the tower. All drawings produced shall be to a recognised scale in A3 landscape format. All dimensions shall be in millimetres and levels in metres unless noted otherwise on the drawing.
4.4
Aircraft Warning lighting

Aircraft Warning lights shall comply with the requirements of the national Department of Civil Aviation (DCA) and the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO). Contractor shall obtain approval for the installation from DCA. The Aircraft Warning Lights shall be LED solar power type. The LEDs shall be ultra high intensity with 100,000 hours life expectancy. It shall be equipped with built-in microprocessor based control, solar cell, battery with 30 days autonomy, volt-free contact for remote monitoring and surge protection. Ingress Protection of the unit shall be IP68.
4.5
Day warning Paint

Generally day warning paint is required and the Tower shall be painted in white and orange in 7 equal bands in compliance with ICAO and DCA regulations.
4.6 4.6.1
Fabrication General
The fabrication of the Towers includes fabrication of all tower members including all associated secondary steelworks, foundation bolts and templates. The Towers shall be self supporting angle section lattice type. All other tower types are not permitted under this specification.
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Time 2
Only triangular section Towers are permitted. The structural use of aluminium is not permitted. Site welding, cutting or drilling is not permitted.
CELCO shall have access during working hours to those parts of the fabricator's works engaged in manufacturing CELCO's Towers. Remedial work to mis-fabricated steel will only be permitted after the prior agreement with CELCO. Notwithstanding this, CELCO reserves the right to reject repaired steelworks and require replacement at the Supplier's expense. All Towers or Monopoles shall have a stainless steel identification plate attached at an elevation of 1.5m above local ground level stating the site ID no., site co-ordinates, Tower height and the site ground elevation.
4.6.2
Safety
A general method statement will be required for all activities relating to the fabrication of the tower steelworks and ancillary items.
4.6.3
Corrosion Protection
Corrosion protection shall fulfil the requirements of British Standard. All steelworks except stainless steel and concrete reinforcement shall be hot dip galvanised after fabrication, but zinc layer shall be at least 100 m thick. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be hot dip spun galvanised. Sheradized components are not permitted. Tubular members are to be galvanised internally. Water shall drain freely from all parts of the structure. Adverse effects of electrolytic corrosion between dissimilar metals shall be prevented.
4.6.4
Design Life
The design life shall be 25 years.
4.6.5
Rotation and Deflection limits

The Tower shall be designed to limit the overall rotation of the antennas to the following limits at the 3-sec wind gust (measured at 10m high) operational wind speed of 33.33m/s: Rotation limit: Combined rotation and deflection limit: Notes: Rotation limits quoted are the maximum allowable in any direction at the position of the antenna. These limits are governed by the requirement to maintain the antenna performance. < 0.5 < 0.5
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Time 2

Depending on the (layered) foundation soil conditions, additional rotation/tilt of the tower due to soil-structural interaction may be required to be assessed. Suitable method of analysis may be a finite element method employing plate elements for the tower foundation raft slab and a eight nodal solid element to simulate layers of soil with different elastic modulus characteristics.
4.6.6
Durability
For durability, designs using back to back members are not acceptable. Similarly all hollow section members are to be free draining.
4.6.7
Robustness
The Tower is to be generally of robust construction allowing free climbing access for riggers. In particular any members inclined at less than 300 to the horizontal shall be capable of carrying a vertical 100 kg point load without permanent deflection. The climbing requirements of the latest British standard Codes of Practice shall be fulfilled.
4.6.8
Wind Loads
The wind load applied on tower structure and antennas shall be calculated separately for different wind zones according to British standard. The applicable wind zones and the microwave/millimetric antennas and sector antennas as prescribed in the British Standard. In addition to this, full account is to be taken of the wind loads associated with the waveguide/feeder cable.
4.7 4.7.1
Delivery and Erection General

The delivery of the Tower to the site including all secondary steelworks, ladders and platforms, fall protection equipment, anticlimb measures and any other facilities that have been agreed to be included within the Tower contract, shall be in accordance with the conditions stated in the letter of invitation. The design and fabrication of the Tower should be such that it can be transported to site without requiring special permits or traffic police escort. It should be capable of being delivered during normal working hours. Erection of structures shall comply with British standard Codes of Practice and other requirements by relevant authorities. Bolts thread shall project at least 5 mm from the tightened nut. A detailed method statement for the erection of the Tower shall be submitted at least four weeks prior to the commencement of the tower erection. At least ten days prior to the commencement of the tower erection, the supplier/erector shall inform CELCO on special requirements with regard to access for crane, heavy loads, obstruction to other work, etc. The maximum deviation of the vertical alignment shall be 1:500
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Time 2 4.7.2 Safety
A general method statement will be required for all activities relating to the erection of the tower steelworks and ancillary items.
4.7.3
Earthing & Lightning Protection

Lightning protection and earthing shall comply with the relevant national standard and CELCO standard whichever is more stringent.
4.7.4
Antenna Mounting Steelworks

If antenna space diversity is prescribed all necessary steelworks for the arrangement of antenna shall be included.
4.7.4.1
Microwave Transmission Dishes.

Circular hollow section steel tubes are to be provided for the mounting of these dishes including all necessary clamp fittings for fixing the antenna stay brackets to the tower members. Consideration is to be given to allowing the widest possible variation in the panning of these dishes. It is therefore recommended to have a 500mm horizontal space clearance between the tower and these dishes. Some of the transmission dishes might have integral rear mounted Radio Frequency (RF) units. Consideration is to be given as to how these dishes are to be accessed for routine adjustments and maintenance of the RF units and wherever possible access is to be possible from the tower ladder.
4.7.4.2
Sector Antennas
Circular hollow section tubes are to be provided for the mounting of these antennas.
4.7.5
Ladders and Platforms

All Towers shall be provided with a single access ladder. Ladders shall comply with British standard. Rest and working platforms shall be provided according to the following: The platforms shall be capable of supporting an imposed, uniformly distributed live load of 1.5 kN/m2. The balustrade to the platform shall be of steel, comply with latest British standard and capable of supporting the antenna loads and other loads according to CELCOs requirements. The rest platforms shall be located within the tower structure itself. Rest platforms shall be located with vertical c/c distance according to British standard. A working platform shall be located on the tower top. The floor of the platform shall be on the same level as the top of the tower structure or somewhat below. The Tower shall be designed and prepared for installation of an additional working platform 3 m below the top working platform. All platforms shall be accessible from the ladder.
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Time 2

An access hatch shall be provided in the platform floor immediately above the access ladder.
4.7.6
Anti Climb System

It is envisaged that most Towers will be located within a secure fenced compound. Notwithstanding this however all Towers are to be provided with an anti-climb system. The anti-climb system is provided for the climbing ladder and the tower legs. The general requirements are shown in the drawings.
4.7.7
Waveguide/Feeder Cable Support

Waveguide/Feeder cable supports shall be provided at a maximum spacing of 0.5m vertically. These support points are to be located adjacent to the access ladder for ease of installation and maintenance. If the support points are located directly behind the access ladder, a minimum 200mm space clearance between the ladder and feeder cables shall be maintained.
4.8
Aircraft Warning Lights

The delivery shall comprise all necessary fixtures and fittings for the Aircraft Warning lights. The Aircraft Warning Lights shall be LED solar power type. The signal cable for external alarms shall be run in GI pipe. Flexible conduit shall be used for final connection to the Aircraft Warning Light. Contractor shall obtain approval for the installation of the aircraft warning lights from DCA.
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Time 2
5
5.1
Antenna Support Structures

Scope
The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard.
5.2
Purpose
This specification is to be used by suppliers as the basis for their tender, design and fabrication.
5.3
Requirements
The requirement from Section 4 above shall apply where applicable. Offset brackets on towers (Headframes) shall be design to facilitate the mounting of antennas. Such frames shall allow easy retracting of antenna for servicing and adjustment. The details shown in the drawing shall serve as a general guide for further development.
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Time 2
6
6.1
Cabins
Scope
The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. An experienced Professional Engineer shall be consulted prior to use in any project. The cabins will be required to accommodate the equipment associated with BTS (Base Transceiver Station) sites. The cabins might also house microwave equipment, interconnect equipment and battery power supply back-up. The cabins may be utilised on both existing buildings and on Greenfield sites.
6.2
Purpose
This specification sets out the requirements for the design and construction of Cabins as Equipment Housings for Radio Sites.
6.3 6.3.1
Service Conditions Loading

The floor shall be designed to support the loads of the cabinets and a distributed load of 2.0kN/m2 for spaces not occupied by cabinets. The roof shall be designed to support a minimum load of 1.5kN/m2 as well as a point load of 1.0kN. The cabin shall be designed and built in such a way that, when fully equipped, no damage will be caused as a result of long transports by truck. It shall also withstand loading and unloading by forklifts, cranes and other normal handling". Consideration shall also be given to the thermal load that may affect cabin details whenever great temperature differences exist between the inside and the outside of the cabin. The overall strength requirements are that, on a surface subject to load forces, the deflection must not exceed 1mm per m and that permanent deformation or cracks must not occur. The cabin and cabin mounted accessories shall be able to withstand shock-loads equivalent to 0.3 g in random directions without damage.
6.3.2
Wind Speeds
The wind speed that shall be used in terms of the design of the cabin shall be 33.33 m/s.
6.3.3
Thermal Insulation
The cabin's thermal insulation shall be designed so that the total thermal coefficient (K value) shall be equal or less than 0.5 W/m2 x oC.
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Time 2 6.3.4 Design Life
The cabins shall be designed to have a life span of a minimum of 20 years. For the purpose of design the assumed maintenance procedure will be as follows: First maintenance inspection Subsequent Five years from installation Every three years
The external finish, locks, hinges, and door seals are to be inspected and any necessary maintenance works carried out.
6.4
Design
The supplier shall specify the materials to be used and the layer thickness valid for different parts of the cabin. No hazardous materials will be allowed in the construction of the cabin. Wooden material will only be allowed in the floor decking. The design shall allow for foundation supports only in the four corners of the cabin. The fixing devices shall be designed in such a way that the risk of local damages and thermal bridges is minimised. All openings in the cabin walls shall be supplied with rain diverting devices. The cabin shall be prepared in advance for the installation of radio and power equipment. The documentation required for the correct positioning of hole patterns, brackets etc. will be supplied by CELCO. The supplier shall call at least one design review meeting before the production is being commenced.
6.5 6.5.1
Materials Floor Frame Construction

Greenfield site cabins shall comply with clause 6.5.2.
6.5.2
Floors
In the case of Greenfield cabin, the cemboard shall rest directly on the finished concrete surface coated with one layer of bituminous water proofing membrane. No brush on waterproofing system is allowed. General requirements for floor treatment to cabins are shown in the drawings.
6.5.3
Walls
The construction of the walls shall comprise of an external skin and an internal skin, which shall each be a minimum of 0.5mm thick steel with a 8mm thick central plywood. The space between the skin and central plywood shall be filled with PU material to a overall thickness of 75mm. The walls must come in modular panels. The jointing system of the panels shall assure accurate alignment, air tight joints, easily dismantled and reconnected.
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Time 2 6.5.4 Roof
The roof shall be sloped at least 2% to prevent the ponding of rainwater on the roof. Single pitch roof is not allowed. In addition to this, the cabin shall be covered with a metal decked pitched roof as shown in the drawings.
6.5.5
Doors and Door Frames

The cabin shall be equipped with a door, size 900 x 2100mm, in the middle of the gable. The door shall have a tight fit. The door shall open outwards and be right hinged. To prevent damages, the door shall be equipped with a stop mechanism. The outside door handles shall be possible to operate with a glove-covered hand. The doors and frames are to be sufficiently robust to withstand a high degree of vandalism. The door frames are to be integral with the structure of the cabin. The hinges shall be of steel and a minimum of 3mm thick. They shall have hinge bolts fitted or shall be constructed to prevent the hinge pins being removed. They shall be welded or screwed into position. The edge of the door and the frame shall be reinforced in such a way as to prevent the door being forced open.
6.6 6.6.1
Fabrication Steelwork to Floor Frame

Fabrication of the steelwork shall be in compliance with the relevant British Standards and Codes of Practice.
6.6.2
Steelwork to Cabin Walls

Fabrication of the steelwork shall be in compliance with the relevant British Standards and Codes of Practice.
6.6.3
Other Materials
Where included, all other materials are to be fabricated/manufactured strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instructions or the relevant Codes of Practice/British Standards.
6.7 6.7.1
Corrosion Protection General Requirement

The finish is to achieve a minimum of 20 year life under "Exterior exposed polluted inland" environment as specified in the relevant British Standards and Codes of Practice.
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Time 2 6.7.2 External Finish
The surface preparation of steelwork is to be such that the adhesion of the finish is not compromised. Preparation is to be done immediately prior to applying the first coat. The colour of the external finish shall be according to information from CELCO. The manufacturer shall state in the tender the details of the proposed method for the external finish.
6.8
Weather Proofing
The cabin door seals shall be constructed to the rating IP 54.
6.9 6.9.1
Security General
The cabins shall be sufficiently robust to offer a reasonable amount of protection against vandalism, criminal damage and arson.
6.9.2
Conventional Locking System

A separate mortise latch is to be fitted operated from both sides by aluminium lever furniture. The door shall have a single point locking system. The locking system is by mortise deadlock operated by a cylinder according to information from CELCO (with internal turn knob). KESO Lock system is to be used for this purpose and shall have the following hierarchy: Master Key Malaysia Not Required. Level 1 State 6 Keys per State. Level 2 Area Not Required. Level 3 Individual Site 6 Keys per Site.
6.10 6.10.1
Safety General
The cabins shall be designed and fabricated so that they comply with the relevant authority prescriptions. The cabins are to be manufactured such that they have no protrusions, which may catch passers-by or snag clothing. Sharp corners or edges are to be avoided. This requirement applies to the cabin interior as well. In the event of catastrophic damage caused by vehicular impact, the cabinet shall not collapse in such a way as to cause injury to bystanders.
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Time 2 6.10.2 Installation
The manufacturer shall take into account the fact that some of these cabins may be lifted onto buildings and close attention shall be paid to Health and Safety matters in this respect. During short periods of time the cabin may be temporarily placed on an uneven surface. This shall not cause any deformation to the cabin.
6.11 6.11.1
Fire Engineering Flame Spread

Both the external and internal faces of the cabins are to have surface spread of flames as defined by the British Building Regulations.
6.11.2
Fire Resistance
The cabin is to be constructed generally from non-combustible material,
6.12 6.12.1
Cable Management and Cable Entries Ladder Racking

A 450mm wide horizontal ladder rack is to be provided and fitted as shown on the layout drawings.
6.12.2
Cable Entries
A cable entry gland type ROXTEC is to be provided and fitted complete with all details. The power entry is to be through the floor by means of a cable entry gland,
6.13 6.13.1
Mechanical Services Air Conditioning System

The proposed air-conditioning system shall be able to keep the inside temperature and relative humidity as stated in section 9
6.13.2
High Temperature Sensor

A high level thermostat shall be located 400 mm below the ceiling to register when the cabin temperature has exceeded the pre-set limit of 38 C.
6.14 6.14.1
Electrical Services General Arrangement

The electrical services installation shall consist of the following main elements:
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Time 2 6.14.2 Mains Power Distribution System
The mains power distribution system shall consist of an intake point located in the floor of the cabin and a power distribution board. The distribution board shall be a Three Phase metal clad type and shall be fitted with the necessary MCB's. A circuit schedule shall be affixed to the inside of the front cover of the distribution board, and shall be presented in a neat and tidy manner, enclosed within a clear plastic envelope. The distribution board circuit schedule shall be provided in a neat and tidy manner to be approved. A duplicate copy of the schedule shall be provided to CELCO. Labelling shall be provided to comply with the relevant IEE Wiring Regulations.
6.14.3
System of Wiring
The system of wiring shall comprise of copper/PVC single insulated cables to BS 6004:1990. The cables shall generally be installed within a conduit or trunking in a neat and tidy manner. Routes of cables shall be fully co-ordinated with all the various systems within the enclosure. The manufacturer shall size all electrical cables to take account of voltage drop, grouping, and environmental conditions all in accordance with the relevant IEE Wiring Regulations.
6.14.4
Lighting
The cabin shall be provided with ceiling mounted high efficiency fluorescent lighting giving at least 300lux at floor level. It shall also be provided with a 3 hour emergency lighting and Keluar Sign. The emergency lighting and Keluar Sign shall consist of solid state switching, static invertor, nickel cadmium cells and an automatic trickle charge facility. The lighting fitting shall be controlled from a switch near the entrance.
6.14.5
Small Power Installations

A surface mounted twin socket outlet shall be provided. The socket outlet shall be connected into a radial circuit using 4.0 mm2 cables and protected by a 30 A MCB, located within the distribution board. Supplies to fixed equipment shall be provided as required, fed from radial circuits protected by MCB's. The circuits to the DC Power Supply Unit shall be provided. The circuits shall be run directly from the MCB provided in the distribution board for that purpose. All items shall be provided with an engraved label stating its circuit reference.
6.14.6
Earthing Facility and Cross Bonding

The Earthing of the installation shall in every respect comply with the requirements of The IEE Wiring Regulations. An earth point shall be installed at high level adjacent to the telecom cabling entry gland. Earth connections to the telecom earth bar shall be provided in accordance with the earth bar schematic.
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Time 2

The cabin structure shall be connected to the lightning protection system at all corners, externally at low level. 50mm2 green/yellow earth cable shall be cadweld to the cabin corners and run to the common earth bar or common perimeter earth tape.
6.14.7
Fire Extinguisher
A fire extinguisher shall be provided; this shall be the 4.0kg CO2 type that shall be mounted in accordance with the layout. The fire extinguisher is to have a test label attached with the original date of issue marked on, the manufacturer's name and the BS designation.
6.14.8
Security Facility
The cabin door system shall be provided with a reed switch door contactor to monitor the site access.
6.14.9
M & E Control Signal Cabling

All wiring to be provided in accordance with drawings supplied by CELCO before the start of cabin design. . All wiring shall be terminated at the Junction Box. Wiring and termination from the Junction Box to the Alarm Termination Frame shall also be provided
6.15
Alarms
The cabin shall be equipped with the following alarm types as specified in the drawings. The electric power failure contacts shall be provided in all three phases. Single-phase contacts shall be connected in series and wired as a common signal. All alarm contacts shall be designed for -48V DC safe for low voltage. The contacts shall be normally closed, and opened when an alarm occurs. The sub-contractor shall install the alarm cable and connect it to the distribution frame supplied by CELCO. The sub-contractor, in conjunction with CELCO, shall be responsible to prove the correct operation of all the alarm connections, prior to site acceptance.
6.16 6.16.1
Inspection and Testing Inspection

The manufacturer shall permit CELCO and/or an independent agency appointed by him, to inspect the work at all reasonable times and at all places where it is being carried out. The manufacturer shall provide all facilities, hand tools, lighting, as necessary to ensure adequate inspection.
6.16.2
Electrical Testing
Electrical Testing shall be carried out in full compliance with BS 7671: 1992 The lEE Wiring Regulations. All test results shall be certified on an NIC EIC 16th Edition Completion and Inspection Certificate or approved alternative.
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Time 2 6.16.3 Fire Alarm Commissioning
The Fire Alarm Installation shall be fully commissioned in accordance with the manufacturers requirements and a commissioning certificate shall be provided as a record.
6.16.4
Testing Materials
The manufacturer shall submit all copies of material reports as required by CELCO.
6.16.5
Type Approval
Satisfactory completion of the following type approval test will be required prior to CELCO's approval of the production versions of the cabins:
6.16.6
Load Test.
A proof load test is to be carried out on one of the units. The test will be undertaken using the design lifting points. The proof load shall be to load the floor and roof of the cabin simultaneously to the weights specified above in clause above.
6.16.7
Water Test.
Water tests may be undertaken on the units. The water test shall involve submitting all external areas of the cabin to a water spray directed at all angles between vertical and horizontal. Special attention is to be given to the door jams, louvers, fan discharge cowl and cabin panel joints. The water is to be directed using an adjustable pressure spray, which shall be adjusted to model heavy rainfall. No visible Intrusion of water is permitted in this test. These tests may be repeated during the production period should CELCO believe that there is a risk that the production quality has deteriorated.
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Time 2
7
7.1 7.1.1
Electrical Installations, Earthing and Lightning Protection

AC Power Supply Scope
The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. An experienced Electrical engineer shall be consulted prior to use in any project. The electrical services installation shall consist of electrical distribution system, earthing and lightning protection system, lightning surge protection system, standby diesel generator set, compound lighting and security alarm system..
7.1.2
Purpose
This specification is to used by electrical designers and suppliers as the basis for the design and installation of electrical power supply. Supply Requirements 60A for 3.6 X 4.8m Cabin 100 A for 4.0 X 7.2m cabin & Outdoor BTS Voltage Required: 3 phase 415 V + N, 50Hz
7.1.3
Arrangement with Electrical Authorities

It is the responsibility of the Contractor to apply and arrange with the relevant Authorities for permission to install connection of supply and to test the installation after completion of the Work. All fees or cost shall be borne by the Contractor. The Contractor must make payments in advance for connection charges and deposit fees to TNB/SESCO. All reimbursements of connection charges and deposit fees shall be attached with original TNB/SESCO receipts. Site and location plan shall be prepared by the Contractor with information obtained from CELCO. The Contractor is responsible for the registration of the electrical installation with Suruhanjaya Tenaga. Endorsed drawings for submission shall be obtained from the M&E Engineer appointed by CELCO. The Contractor must make payments in advance for registration fees to Suruhanjaya Tenaga. All reimbursements of registration fees shall be attached with original Suruhanjaya Tenaga receipts. The Contractor is responsible for the certification and submission of Form G & H to the relevant authorities..
7.1.4
Take-Over Test
After the Contract Works have been completed and before the Acceptance Certificate is issued, the entire installation covered under this Contract shall pass all tests as CELCO may deem necessary to ensure that the Contract Works comply with the requirements of the Specification and Drawings. In addition, the Contractor shall furnish proof to CELCO that the installation has passed the acceptance test required by the relevant Authorities, and that the supply to the installation has been turned on.
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Time 2 7.1.5 Operating and Maintenance Manual
The Contractor shall supply a set of Operating and Maintenance Manuals to CELCO for approval. Once approved, the contractor shall proceed to prepare and hand over to CELCO the required numbers of sets as stated in the Contract Document. The manuals shall be neatly bound and provided with a suitably captioned hard cover. The contents shall be provided in the following manner: Index General description of the complete system Operating instruction of the complete system Emergency directions of the complete system Safety control adjustment and setting of all safety protection equipment List of equipment giving manufacturers and agents name, and name plate date together with all data sheets, published by the equipment manufacturer. Installation, operation and maintenance for each items of equipment (including lubricating chart). List of spare parts for each item of equipment List of spare supplied under this Contract As - Installed Drawings Wiring Diagrams Product warranty certificate from authorised local agent/distributor
7.1.6
Source of Supply
The electrical supply will be one of the following: A dedicated internal supply from the Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) or SESCO located within the existing electrical intake room for the building. A dedicated external supply from the TNB/SESCO with their cut-out and meters located within a prefabricated weatherproof enclosure. A sub-metered supply from the existing General Low Voltage Switchboard of the site provider. A Socket for emergency power supply shall be provided at all sites. The standard type GEE 60Amp or 100Amp 5 pole with protective cover shall be used for this purpose.
7.1.7
Supply Fusing
The electrical supply should be fused accordingly to ensure discrimination with the main switch fuse.
7.1.8
Metering Arrangements
The arrangement shall be done according to the specifications of TNB.
7.1.9
Isolation of Supply
Isolation shall be provided at the source of the supply to enable complete disconnection of the mains power using a MCCB. A weatherproof cabinet shall be provided for Greenfield sites to house the TNB/SESCO cut-out and metering equipment.
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Time 2

The meter cabinet should be located so that the meter can be read by the TNB/SESCO without them having to gain access to the compound. A locking mechanism that enables both the operator and the TNB/SESCO to gain access to the cabinet shall be provided.
7.2 7.2.1
Electrical Installation Cables

Cables used throughout the Contract Works shall be provided with high - conductivity, annealed, copper conductors in accordance with BS 6360 : 1969. Final sub-circuit cables, unless otherwise specified shall be PVC insulated cables of annealed copper conductors, 450/750 volt grade to MS 136 and BS 6004, 1995. PVC insulated, steel wire armoured, PVC oversheathed cables(PVC/SWA/PVC) shall be manufactured to MS 274 and BS 6346, 1989 with annealed copper conductors. XLPE insulated cable shall be manufactured in accordance to IEC 502 and BS 6469.
7.2.2
Conduit
Steel conduits and fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 4568 and BS 31, 1988, heavy-gauge galvanised. Conduits shall be of adequate capacity for the sizes and number of cables to be contained therein. Conduit systems shall be mechanically and electrically continuous and watertight throughout. High impact PVC conduits and fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with BS EN 50086, high impact and flame retarding type. Bomba approval certificate shall be submitted for CELCOs checking. Standard bends and preferably long bends shall be used. Connection to equipment shall be flexible conduits of equivalent material and purpose made fittings.
7.2.3
Steel Trunking
Steel trunking shall be constructed of at least 18 SWG and cover plates of 16 SWG with flanged edges and of best quality mild steel sheet. The trunking shall be painted with a primer and coated with orange epoxy paint. Trunking shall comply with BS 4678. For outdoor installation, the trunking shall be constructed of electrogalvanised steel sheet.
7.2.4
Cable Tray
Cable trays shall be of the perforated type and constructed of minimum 16 gauge hot-dip galvanised mild steel and shall not be painted. All cables trays shall be effectively bonded to earth with a suitably size copper tape running continuously for the whole length of the cable tray
7.2.5
Distribution Board
All distribution boards must be from manufacturers licensed by Suruhanjaya Tenaga and approved or designated by CELCO. The electrical sub-contractor or system integrator shall be responsible to rectify any defects to the switchboard including all its components during the warranty period. Distribution boards supplied for the Contract Works shall be metalclad, cubicle construction and suitable for installation on the surface of walls, as indicated on the Schematic Diagrams and Layout Drawings. The boards may also be of the floor mounted or pedestal - mounted type, if called - for on the Drawings. They shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 214 : 1973, wherever applicable.
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Time 2

Electro-galvanised steel sheet used in the construction of indoor distribution boards shall not be thinner than 14 S.W.G. and shall be manufactured complying with ingress protection of IP21. The AC Power Distribution Board (ACPDB) shall provide reliable power supply to the telecommunication equipment in accordance to the specification drawings, requirements of relevant authorities and standards. Only reliable and proven components shall be used to ensure maximum availability of power to the telecommunication equipment and to prevent system downtime due to nuisance tripping or damages caused by lightning surges. All the components shall be fully tropicalised and suitable for ambient temperature of up to 50 degree C under very humid tropical conditions. Connectors shall be provided on the ACPDB, for easy connection of cables to the Changeover compartment, for sites with generator set. The connectors used shall be of the highest quality pressure clamp type to ensure that strands of cable are securely contained. A removable, solid copper terminal jumper shall be installed on the connectors at the time of delivery. Outdoor distribution board such as the Power Distribution Unit (PDU) shall be weatherproof (IP 54) and manufactured from 12 SWG gauge, electro-galvanised steel sheets, polyester powder coated, mounted on plinth and the door panel shall be lockable.
7.2.6
Transfer Switch (Isolator Switch or Automatic Changeover Contactor)

The transfer switch shall be fully rated, to protect all types of loads, inductive and resistive, from loss of continuity of power. The switch shall afford complete protection. The switch shall be rated as suitable for all classes of load without derating, whether open or enclosed. For Sites with Standby Genset the following shall be adhered to : The automatic changeover contactor (COC) shall be electrically operated device utilising 4 - pole magnetic contactors completely draw-in type. The COC shall be mechanically and electrically interlocked so that the set position shall be possible for load circuits to be connected.
7.2.7
Isolators
Isolators where required for installation on the Contract Works, shall be S.P. & N., D.P., T.P. or T.P. & N types as indicated on the Schematic Diagrams. The units shall conform to the requirements of BS 861 and BS EN 60947-3, 1992 where applicable.
7.2.8
Miniature Circuit Breakers

Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) shall comply with BS 3871:Part 1 and BS EN 60898, 1991 and shall have a category of duty M3 unless otherwise indicated.
7.2.9
Moulded Case Circuit Breaker

Moulded case circuit breaker (MCCB) shall comply with BS 4752 : Part 1 and BS EN 60898, 1991.
7.2.10
HRC Fuse-Links
All fuse-ways of distribution fuse boards, cut-outs, switch-fuse and fuse-switch units installed for the Contract Works shall be fitted with HRC fuse-links affording close excess-current protection which will enable them to operate within four (4) hours at 1.5
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Time 2

times the designed load currents for the circuits which they protect. Such HRC fuse-links shall be those complying with BS 88:1975 and BS EN 60269 and fitted with fuse-links marked to indicate a Class`Q' fusing factor.
7.2.11
Earth-Fault Relays
Where earth-fault relays are to be provided for earth-fault protection for circuits and are to be used in conjunction with circuit breakers controlling the relevant circuits, such relays shall be of the unrestricted type (unless otherwise stated on the Schematic Diagrams) and operated through a set of four (4) current transformers per relay. The relay units shall be suitable for either flush-mountings or surface-mounting on switchboard panels and manufactured in accordance with BS 142:1966 and BS EN 60255. Each relay unit shall be electronic type and provided with adjustable setting having a range of 10% to 80% in steps of 1%. In addition to the protection of the diesel engines against mechanical faults, the following electronic protection relays must also be provided for the alternator sets: IDMT overcurrent relay. Instantaneous earth fault relay.
7.2.12
Current Transformers (CTs)

Ring-type, current transformers of appropriate ratios, burdens and classes shall be provided for the position of ammeters, power factor indicators, kilowatt-hour meters, earth-fault relays and magnetic overcurrent tripping devices built-in with circuit breakers. For operation of ammeters, the C/Ts shall have a burden of 5VA unless when used in conjunction with kilowatt-hour meters when they shall be of 15 VA burden. All current transformers shall be of correct dimensions for fixing in busbars and shall be manufactured to BS 7625:1993. In particular, current transformers necessary for the operation of instruments and meters shall have accuracy of not less than Class 1 for measuring, Class 0.5 for metering and Class 5P for protection.
7.2.13
Voltmeters
Every voltmeter shall be of the M.I.S.C. type, of suitable voltage range of high degree of accuracy. The voltmeter shall be connected in circuit with a 7-position selector switch, and protective cut-outs fitted with 6A, MCB, giving the following indications: Off 3 phase-to-phase voltages 3 phase-to-neutral voltages
7.2.14
Ammeters
Each ammeter shall be of the M.I.S.C. type, of suitable range to suit the current rating of the circuit it is meant to operate on, through current transformers. It shall have a high degree of accuracy, provided with four (4) current transformers (fitted to the busbars of the circuit whose current is to be measured by the ammeters) of ratio as stated on the relevant Schematic Diagram. The ammeter shall be connected in circuit with a 4-position selector switch giving the following indications : Off Red Phase Amps Yellow Phase Amps Blue Phase Amps
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Time 2 7.2.15 Indicator Lamps
Where indicator lamps are to be utilised on switchboards and elsewhere on the Contract Works, they shall be of the LED type, fitted with coloured lenses and flush-mounted in switchboard panels. The lamps shall be operated at 240V, single phase, 50 Hz, A.C. supplies.
7.2.16
AC Contactors for LV Circuits

Where contactors are to be utilised for controlling circuits connected to inductive or capacitive loads such as motors, fluorescent and other forms of gas discharge lighting fittings, capacitor units and small transformers, the contactors shall be of the heavy-duty type with a making and breaking category of A4. They shall be of current rating as stated on the Schematic Diagrams, suitable for operation on the voltage ratings of the circuits they control and manufactured in accordance with BS 775:Part I:1969. A.C. operating coils of contactors shall be suitable for connection to the voltages and frequencies of the A.C. control circuit supplied which are connected to them. For D.C. operating coils, these shall be suitable for operation on the D.C. voltages connected to them.
7.2.17
Time Switches
Where time-switches are required for installation in the Contract Works, for controlling lighting power circuits via operating coils of contactors, or connected directly in circuit, such time-switches shall be current ratings to suit the circuits concerned, D.P. type, with built-in spring operating mechanisms to keep the timing devices in operation for a minimum of 150 hours, in the event of an electricity supply failure. They shall also be suitable for operation on the voltage and frequencies of the A.C. supply to which they are connected.
7.2.18
Lighting Switches
Lighting switches shall conform to BS 3676 Part 1, 1989 and BS EN 60669-1, 1996 and shall be 10A rated.
7.2.19
Switch-Socket Outlet
General-purpose switch socket outlets connected to 240V, A.C. supplies shall be 13A x 3pin, metal-clad, surface-mounted type, manufactured to BS 1363:1984 and BS 546:1988.
7.2.20
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) with a tripping sensitivity as specified shall be installed as shown in the Specification Drawings. The ELCBs shall be carefully selected so that they provide high security against nuisance tripping in case of impulse currents such as transient switching operations or interfering impulses by thunderstorm. All ELCBs shall be anti-nuisance tripping type. Special feature ELCB with time delay tripping type kV or S shall be provided for air-condition circuits.
7.2.21
Terminal Blocks
Terminal blocks shall be mounted on C or G-channels. Minimum rating of the terminals shall be 15 amps. A minimum of 10% spare terminals shall be provided in each terminal block. The minimum clearance between two rows of blocks and sides shall be 100mm.
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Terminal blocks shall be numbered for identification and grouped according to the following : 24 VDC 415/240 VAC 4-20 mA signal
7.2.22
Self-Contained Emergency and KELUAR Lighting Luminaries

The Emergency light shall have a sealed heavy duty nickel cadmium battery, a constant current charger, a silicon transistor inverter with a solid state changeover circuit and a 8W fluorescent tube (emergency light) and be virtually maintenance free. The unit shall be mounted in a metal housing stove enamelled to BS 4533 and with prismatic diffuser. The unit shall be provided with a mains healthy light emitting diode, indicator and a test button to simulate mains failure. In the event of mains failure, it shall be able to provide a minimum of 3 hours emergency lighting after a 12 hour recharging. All self-contained emergency lighting luminaries must be of types approved for use by the Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia and Suruhanjaya Tenaga. Each Keluar sign shall be illuminated by superbright LED specially designed for the purpose. The sign illumination shall be maintained constant under both mains and internal battery operation. It shall be able to provide power for a minimum of 3 hours after a 12 hour recharging. All self-contained Keluar lighting luminaries must be of types approved for use by the Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia and Suruhanjaya Tenaga. KELUAR luminaries shall comply with MS 983, 1999.
7.2.23
Standby Diesel Generator Set

The standby diesel generator set shall be of the package type mounted, sound proof complete with accessories, combined under 1 frame. The generator set shall have continuous rated output at site of not less than the value indicated in the drawings. The generator set shall be of the full automatic starting mains failure type. The sound proof canopy shall be lesser or equal to 80dBA @ 1 meter. A 12 Volts 120AH Lead Acid storage battery set of the heavy duty diesel starting type shall be provided. The battery set shall be of sufficient Ampere-hours rating to provide for SIX successive starts or attempts to start without re-charging within one and half minute total cranking time. A battery rack and necessary cables and clamps shall be provided. The generator set shall be equipped with a skid tank having a minimum capacity of 700 and 1,000 litre of fuel for 40kVA and 60kVA gensets respectively. As an option, a service fuel tank with cover-plate having a minimum capacity sufficient for 30 days continuous duty shall be provided for sites without TNB supply but equipped with two generator sets. This tank shall be complete with all necessary supporting structure and shall be fitted with filling, overflow, outlet drain and vent connections and a fuel level indicator to give actual fuel level in the tank at any given time. A low fuel sensor shall also be fitted for remote monitoring purpose. The piping scheme complete with stop cocks and check valves shall be provided to connect the service tank to inlet points. A rotary manual pump shall be provided to pump diesel fuel from barrels to the service tank. A full tank of fuel shall be supplied for testing and commissioning at site.
7.2.24
Compound/Perimeter Lighting
250 W high pressure sodium vapour flood lights shall be mounted on 6m high tapered octagonal lighting column as indicated in the drawings. The columns shall be
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manufactured from steel conforming to BS 7668, 1994 - Grade 43C or Grade 50C and fitted with climbing rungs for maintenance used.
7.2.25
Fluorescent Fittings
The construction of the fluorescent light fittings shall comply with BS 3820. The fluorescent lamps shall be of 38mm diameter with bi-pin cap complying with BS 1853. Plastic diffusers shall be of acrylic material of approved manufacture that is recommended for lighting service. The diffuser shall be of opallic white pattern unless otherwise specified. All ballast shall be of the best quality type from approved manufacture and comply with BS 2818, Part 1. They shall be suitable for operation in circuit with tubular fluorescent lamps that comply with BS 1853. All ballast shall be of polyester filled, low power loss, silent, operation type and fitted with terminal block for easy wiring. All capacitors shall comply with BS 2818 Part ll and suitable for operating in circuit with tubular fluorescent lamp which comply with BS 1853. All starters complete with starter bases shall comply with BS 3772 and suitable for use with tubular fluorescent lamp B.S. 1853.
7.3 7.3.1
Lightning Surge Protection System General

This section describes the specification of heavy-duty and reliable type of lightning and surge protection system for essential and critical equipment as shown on the design drawings. The supplier/local agent of the protection equipment shall be able to provide full technical and continuous engineering support in the event of any lightning/surge/power problems. As such it is mandatory that the local agent must have at least 10 years proven experience in the lightning and surge protection field or hold an agency/representation in lightning surge products for at least 10 years. It is also important that they must have qualified engineers, trained technicians, and appropriate laboratory equipment to ensure that their products are compatibly matched with power supply safety requirements. The supplier shall submit their company profile in terms of technical support personnel, availability of laboratory equipment and schedule of proven past relevant projects. A warranty certificate shall be obtained from the local authorised agent stating clearly a full 2-year warranty against both materials and workmanship defects. All stages of equipment shall comply with the specifications. The suppressor units shall be tested in accordance to ANSI/IEEE C62.41, IEEE 587, VDE 0675, IEC 61024-1/IEC 61312-1/IEC 61643-1. In meeting with Malaysia safety standards, the lightning surge protection devices shall also be tested by international laboratories that are recognised by the Electrical & Electronics Association of Malaysia and Suruhanjaya Tenaga. All surge suppressors installed in all boards in a particular site must be of the same brand and fully coordinated to provide maximum protection to the equipment.
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Time 2 7.3.2
Model Site Specifications Combined Lightning Surge Suppressor (CLSS)

The combined lightning surge suppressor (CLSS) shall consist of combined lightning and surge protection modules, which are fully co-ordinated via active energy control to provide maximum protection against lightning and surges for main electrical LV service entrances at each type of distribution board. To ensure maximum protection and compatibility of performance of system, the lightning and surge module shall come from the same original manufacturer. The lightning element of the combined lightning surge suppressor (CLSS) unit shall be heavy duty and non-degradable in construction. The lightning element of the combined lightning surge suppressor (CLSS) unit shall be a heavy-duty encapsulated spark gap module and of non-fusible elements capable of limiting surge voltages from indirect and direct lightning strikes and have a long service life. Both the lightning and surge element units is preferred to be standard Din rail mountable, modular two-piece construction type with base element and a protection plug suppressor and bidirectional installation. Each of the lightning and surge protection plug module shall be equipped with an optical status display to indicate the status of the components and a remote warning contact shall also be integrated in the suppressor unit to act as a remote warning switch in the event of suppressor failure. Non-saturated surge decoupling suppressor stages shall be available if required for incorporation into the combined lightning and surge suppressor system for severe lightning activity sites to ensure maximum protection to the equipment. The CLSS unit shall provide sufficient protection level and it shall conform to the following specification: Lightning Suppressor Stage Nominal rated voltage Suppressor type Surge arrestor rating Lightning test current Protection level Residual current Max. withstand back-up fuse Construction 240/415V AC Heavy-duty/Non degradable spark gap 350V AC / module is preferred. Alternative will be considered. 100kA of 10/350us < 1.5kV at 25kA, 10/350us waveform < 1uA 350A Din rail mounted, modular & pluggability is preferred. Alternative will be considered.
Surge Suppressor Stage Nominal rated voltage Suppressor type Surge arrestor rating Surge current exposure Protection level Residual current Construction 240/415V AC High capacity MOV 350V AC / module is preferred. Alternative will be considered. 40kA of 8/20us / module < 1.1kV, 5kA 8/20us < 1uA Din rail mounted, modular & pluggability is preferred. Alternative will be considered.
Optional Surge Decoupling Stage Nominal rated voltage 240/415V AC

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Suppressor type

Non saturated decoupling module
7.3.3
Fine Surge Suppressor (FSS)

The Fine Surge Suppressor (FSS) unit is preferred to be a Din rail mountable, modular two-piece construction type with base element and a protection plug suppressor suitable for protection of distribution boards and its loads. The protection plug shall be equipped with a flag to indicate the status of the components and a remote warning contact shall also be integrated in the suppressor unit to act as a remote warning switch in the event of suppressor failure. The Fine Surge Suppressor (FSS) unit shall be suitable for TT-system and configured to match installation option before or after the Earth Fault device. The FSS unit shall be specified to provide sufficient protection level and it shall conform to the following specification. Nominal rated voltage Surge arrestor rating Surge current exposure Protection level Residual current Max. withstand back-up fuse Connection Construction 240/415V AC 350V AC / module is preferred. Alternative will be considered. 40kA of 8/20us / module < 1.1kV, 5kA 8/20us < 1uA 125A TT 3 + 1 configuration is preferred. Din rail mounted, modular & pluggability is preferred. Alternative will be considered.
7.3.4
Series Surge Suppressor Pluggable (SSS-P)

The pluggable series surge suppressor is preferred to be a multistage design, rail mountable type and of a two-piece construction. It shall consist of a base element and protection plug module with non-meshed structure of the protection plug, offers particular advantages with regard to testing and system interchangeability. Alternative construction will be considered. It shall normally be connected in series for optimum protection of sensitive electronic or microprocessor-based equipment. It shall provide surge voltage protection for both normal and common modes. It shall be designed to provide indication of component failure and shall be able to be unplugged and tested for component failure without interrupting the operation. It shall not have exposed live parts during unplugging for testing and basically be touch-safe. The SSS-P unit shall conform to the following specifications: Maximum operating voltage (a) 230V AC suppressor (b) 48V DC suppressor (c) 12V DC suppressor Rated current Leakage to ground Operating current Max. withstand back-up fuse 253V AC 60V DC 14V DC (a) 26A, (b)&(c) 300mA =< 1 uA =< 1.5 mA 25A
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Surge current exposure Protection level Response time

(a) =<10kA (b)&(c) =<20kA(8/20us) (a) =< 1.1kV, (b)=< 120V, (c) =<18V (a) =< 25ns, (b) & (c) =<1ns
7.3.5
Lightning Surge Monitoring (LSM)

This section is not used.
7.3.6
Automatic Restoration System (ARS)

The automatic restoration system (ARS) shall be installed for the rectifier circuits so that it can work together with the ELCB or RCCD to provide the facility to reclose or normalize the power system for ensuring minimum system downtime and site attendance. The automatic restoration unit (ARS) shall conform to the following specification. Motorised Switch: Nominal rated voltage 240V AC Construction Din mounted, attachable with ELCB/RCD, bidirectional motorised arm & come with maintenance bypass feature Mechanical switching 10,000 times Minimum opening time 50ms Minimum restoration time 50ms Remote warning signalling Dual contact rated 5A/240VAC Controller Unit: Nominal rated voltage 240V AC Construction Din mounted Controller Programmable relay with central processing unit Interfacing Digital & analogue signal control for motorised switch (min. up to 2 sets of motorised switch) Optional power quality analysis Interface with digital power meter
7.4 7.4.1
Earthing and Lightning Protection Introduction

The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard.
7.4.2
Purpose
This specification sets out the requirements for the earthing and lightning protection for Radio Sites.
7.4.3
Electrical Earthing Installation

Earth continuity conductors and earth leads shall be of high-conductivity copper (aluminium earth conductors shall not be permitted for use on the Contract Works), continuous throughout their whole lengths and without joints, except by means of
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approved mechanical clamps. Where connections are made at switchgear and such items of electrical equipment, the conductors shall terminate in soldered or compression-type sockets. In the case of MICC / PVC cables, the copper outer sheaths of the cables may be utilised as earth continuity conductors, provided that at the termination of each cablerun the copper sheaths (or sheaths in the case of single-core, multiple runs of MICC / PVC cables) shall be effectively bonded to earth. Every circuit of a switchboard, distribution board, control board, tap-off unit and splitter switchfuse unit shall be provided with its own earth-continuity conductor. In hazardous locations, additional earth continuity conductor networks with their own earth electrode systems shall be provided for bonding metalwork to earth. Such networks, when required, shall be indicated on relevant layout drawings. The electrical resistance of any earth-continuity conductor or earthing lead measured from its connection with the main earth electrode system of a building to any other position in the complete installation in the building shall not exceed five (5) ohm. The main earthing leads of the installation shall be taken from the earth connection of each Main Switchboard or Sub-Switchboard or Motor Control Centre as directly as possible without looping into any accessory or equipment, to the earth electrodes. Such earthing lead shall be mechanically protected by means of conduit or similar means, which shall be surface-run on walls and buried in the ground at a depth of not less than 460 mm below finished ground level. For earth electrode system, electrodes shall comprise 16 mm diameter, 1.6 m long, extensible-type, copper-steel-cored rods (Copper weld or approved equivalent make), driven into the ground at interval of at least twice the driven length of any two electrodes. Electrodes shall be driven into ground by means of a KANGO or similar type electric or pneumatic hammer. Every connection clamp shall be provided with Regulation-type concrete inspection chamber and cover. The total earth resistance measured at the main earthing bar for electrical installation with the equipment and cable armouring earth connections disconnected shall not exceed 1 ohm. The minimum number of electrodes installed for each earthing point shall be three (3) and the minimum length of each electrode shall be 1.6m. The number of earthing points indicated in the drawings are indicative only and shall in no way imply that the earthing points are sufficient to obtain the value of 1 ohm. The Contractor shall increase the driven length or number of earth electrodes and if necessary, non soluble earth enhancing compound be considered to obtain the required earth resistance, subject to the approval of CELCO. In exceptionally bad areas, the Contractor shall propose the use of copper earth grids or earth plates to achieve the desired earth resistance value. Interconnecting earth-continuity conductors between electrodes shall comprise Copper tape directly buried in the ground to a depth of not less than 500mm below finished ground level protected by cable tiles or bricks. Such cables shall be of sizes to suit the main earthing leads electrode system, in which case the earth-continuity conductors between electrodes shall be in accordance with the Size of Earthing (column 3 and 4) of Table D.2M of the I.E.E. regulations (17th Edition). Neutral earthing leads from the Star points of transformer to their respective earth electrode systems shall be in accordance with the types and sizes of cables stated on the relevant Schematic Diagrams.
7.4.4
Materials
All materials shall be Cu in accordance with the British standard.
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Time 2 7.4.5 7.4.5.1 Lightning Protection of Greenfield sites Bonding to Towers
A lightning protection air termination finial or lightning rod shall be fitted to the top of each tower or monopole. For the 60m and 76m towers, a copper earth bar shall be fitted to the upper part of the tower no more than 1000mm below the lower support bracket for the antenna. The bar shall be fitted such that there is sufficient space between the bar and tower to allow bolts to be fitted from behind. The location of the earth bar will be below the connection point of the feeder cable grounding kits and preferably no more than 400mm from the feeder cable grounding kits. A similar bar shall be fitted to the tower at the lower part, in a location adjacent to the feeder cable tray/ladder, but preferably not more than 400mm from the feeder cable grounding kits. The feeder cable grounding kits and cable ways shall be connected to this bar.
7.4.5.2
Ground Tape
A protection ring tape shall be installed around the base of the tower at a preferred depth of at least 1.0m below ground level, unless other considerations, such as the need for bonding other objects to it or testing, make it desirable to leave it exposed, in these locations. The ends of the tape shall terminate into an inspection pit on to an earth rod.
7.4.5.3
Bonding to Lightning Protection Ring

Connections to the ring shall be from the following items: Towers - each leg. Lightning protection earth bars before entering BTS equipment or building. Equipotential Bonding Conductor. Cabins - 4 No. bonds. All bonds are to be made using Cadweld. Bonds of different materials shall be designed to prevent electro-chemical corrosion.
7.4.5.4
Testing and Remedial Work

The complete system will be tested in accordance with the requirements of all the relevant specifications and regulations and should achieve a maximum value in accordance with British standard. Where this value cannot be achieved additional rod(s) shall be installed complete with inspection pit and be connected to the ring tape. Test certificates and drawings for the new installation, will be submitted on completion as part of the site document package.
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Time 2 7.4.5.5 Earth Inspection Pits
Earth inspection pits shall be preferably concrete set into slab or in soil at ground level. They will have a secure cover with heavy duty hinge and will allow access for the testing and inspection of the lightning protection/earthing network. They are to be free draining.
7.5 7.5.1
Suggested Manufacturers TNB Metering / Changeover / Distribution and AMF Boards.

Fuse units c/w Link Single & Three Pole MCB Moulded Case Circuit Breaker Earth Leakage Relay c/w ZCT LED Phase Indicating Light Lightning Arrestor/Surge Arrestor Ammeter & Voltmeter & Frequency meter Current Transformer Relay & Timer Magnetic Contactor and Thermal Overload Relay 4 Pole Changeover Contactor c/w Mechanical & Electrical Interlock Selector Switch 4 Pole Changeover Switch Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker IDMT Earth Fault & Overcurrent Relay DC Automotive Battery Charger Push Button Under/Over Voltage Relay 3 phase Voltage Sequence Relay Terminal Block 13A Switch Socket Outlet Signal/Data Line Arrestor PLK, Doepke, ABB F&G, GE, Doepke, ABB Terasaki, MG Terasaki, MG, Mikro, IME Telemac, CKC Phoenix Contact, Dehn, Soule, Erico Complee, Imetec, Asahi, Edwin Omron, Izumi Telemac, ABB Telemac, GE-Agut, K&N K&N, Seiko, Selzar Bremas, K & N F&G, GE, Doepke, ABB Delab, Mikro QPS, Lineguard, SES Telemac, CKC Carlo Gavagi, Syerelec, Crompton Anly, Carlo, Crompton CKC, Hitachi MK, Clipsal, PDL Phoenix Contact, Dehn, Soule, Erico ILME, BALS, Gewiss IME, BZ, Imetec GE, Hager
5 Pin Flange Inlet Plug Hour Run Meter Time Switch
7.5.2
Fittings
Flourescent Lamp 15A Light Switch PVC Casing/Trunking Photo Cell Thermostat B.S. Lite, Davis, Superlite Clipsal, MK, PDL KVC, PVC Link, Super Lumina, Selon, Phillip Honey Well, C.A.E.M
7.5.3 7.5.3.1
Diesel Generator Set Diesel Engine

4 Cylinders Water Cooled 12V DC
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4 Stroke Cycle Control/Drain Ball Valve
Isuzu, Mitsubishi, Kubota
7.5.3.2
Alternator assembly
Brushless Single Bearing AVR 0.8 Power Factor Temperture Limit - Class B Winding Insulation - Class H
Stamford, Leroy Somer, Maraton
7.5.4
Earth Electrode System

Electrode & accessory Heavy Duty Concrete Chamber Copper Stripe Cadweld Earth Enhancing Compound
Furse, Hokomo, Erico, GEM 25
7.5.5
Air Conditioning System

4 HP air conditioner Mitsubishi, Carrier, TopAire, National
7.5.6
Aircraft Warning Lights

LED solar powered type Detec
7.5.7
Compound Lightning System

High Pressure SON 250W Schreder, Phillip
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8
8.1
Mechanical Installation
Scope
The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. An experienced Mechanical/Electrical engineer shall be consulted prior to use in any project. The mechanical services installation shall consist of a compact air conditioning unit or split unit and an emergency ventilation type cooling system operating in the event of mains failure.
8.2
Purpose
This specification sets out the requirements for the installations for the air conditioning and ventilation for Radio Sites.
8.3 8.3.1
Air Conditioning Environmental Conditions

Normal operating temperature shall be 25C and normal operating relative humidity shall be 60% RH. The short-term temperature range of the equipment shall be between 2 and 49C the short-term relative humidity shall be between 0 and 90% non- condensing. In this clause, short-term shall mean for no more than 96 consecutive hours and no more than 5.5 days per 3 years.
8.3.2
Air Conditioning System

The proposed air-conditioning system shall be able to keep the inside temperature and relative humidity stated in 8.3.1 above. The total cooling capacity is proposed to be 25,000 BTU/hr and 40,000 BTU/hr for the 3.6 X 4.8m cabin and 4.0 X 7.2m cabin respectively.. When calculating the cooling capacity for the unit, the maximum heat dissipation from the radio equipment installed by CELCO shall be taken into account. Contractor shall confirm that the proposed cooling capacity is sufficient based on the radio equipment installed. The air-conditioning system shall operate in such a way that the interior air pressure of the cabin will always be higher than the outside pressure. For the cooling output, the air-conditioning system shall be set to operate when the temperature reaches 25C and cut out when the temperature drops below 20C.
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9
9.1
Equipment Installation
Scope
The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project British standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. This specification covers the requirements for Greenfield sites.
9.2
Purpose
This specification sets out the requirements for equipment installation and feeder route management at BTS.
9.3 9.3.1
Antenna Cables General

There are various sizes and types of coax available, but the CELCO will be using the 1/2", 7/8 and 1 5/8 cables as default. To protect the cables and obtain a minimum gain loss, the guidelines below should be followed. In addition, CELCO expects the contractor to carry out good workmanship when installing the antenna cables. This includes straight and tidy cables with no empty spaces in between cables, proper fixing, waterproofing and removal of excess material.
9.3.2
Types of antenna cable

A typical feeder line comprises one long feeder and two short jumpers. A connector joins the feeder and the jumpers. Using pre-cut jumpers with connectors is favourable for standard sites inside an equipment cabin or at the antennas in a tower. Otherwise, the contractor needs to fit the jumper lengths according to site conditions. The feeder must always be cut and adjusted on site. For CELCO sites the 7/8 Heliax shall be used as a standard feeder and 1/2" Superflex shall be used as a standard jumper. If other types like the 1/2" Heliax or the 1 5/8 Heliax is required, this shall be specifically stated by CELCO. Most GSM-antennas being mounted today are cross-polar; each of them will need two feeder lines. Older antennas need one antenna line only. In general, CELCO will use the all-purpose black antenna cable. For some indoor locations the non-poisonous grey cable shall be employed.
9.3.3
Wave Guides
For microwave systems using frequencies between 6-11GHz the transmission planner will normally specify large elliptical wave guide cables which are much more difficult to handle inside a confine space. A considerable level of skill and care is required in the handling and installation of waveguides. Everything must be avoided that could cause a persistent deformation of the waveguide, e.g. disregarding the minimum permissible bending radius, kinking, applying too much tension, and forcible deforming of the corrugated tube. Due to the above, it is desirable to lead these cables in directly from the external gantry without any further bendings necessary inside the cabin. Since these cables are hollow,
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they are easily dented by over bending or stepped upon. For detailed information on handling the contractor shall refer to the cable manufacturer's instruction. CELCOs normal site planning is for a continuous run from the cabin to the tower, and up the opposite side of the tower from the antenna. This allows broad sweep bend at the antenna which normally eliminates the need for twistflex waveguide. Contractors should attach the elliptical waveguide connectors before hoisting. The contractor is required to perform a preliminary electrical testing (VSWR across the specified operating band) on the ground before hoisting, to ensure specification performance. Unused waveguide left on the drum must be sealed if there is intention to use it at another installation.
9.3.4
Feeders
The minimum bending radius of a 7/8 Heliax is 150mm. The maximum recommended length of a 7/8 feeder in a GSM network is 50 meters. For sites with cable run exceeding 50 meters, the radio network planner shall be consulted for alternative solutions. For feeders shorter than 15 meter, the use of 1/2" Superflex for the entire run is permissible. The recommended maximum length of feeders and bending radii are specified in the table below. Contractors shall check with CELCO if these values are exceeded before proceeding with the work.
9.3.4.1
Types of antenna cable Recommended max length

Maximum Length (m) 100 100 50 25 15 Bending Radii (mm) One time Multiple times Consult manufacturers guide 300 500 150 360 100 200 30
Elliptical Waveguides 1 5/8 Heliax 7/8 Heliax " Heliax " Superflex
9.3.5
Jumpers
1/2" Superflex jumpers are normally used at both ends of the feeder. This is only for practical purposes, since the thinner jumper is more flexible than the feeder. Pre-cut jumpers with readily installed connectors come in lengths of 1, 2 and 3 meters and shall be used in towers and cabins. For some sites the jumpers have to be tailor made according to site conditions. Jumpers must be as short as possible in order to keep losses to a minimum hence jumper cables of 1 meter are encouraged as much as possible.
9.3.6
Splitters
Splitters come in three types: 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. The radio planner sometimes chooses to use splitters instead of sectorising the site. This applies to sites with indoor antennas, e.g. in a shopping mall, but can also be used for outdoor antennas. Most sites, however, will be fully sectorised from day one. The splitter shall be located near the equipment inside the cabin or equipment room, in case of later upgrading (sectorising). Ensure that the cables entering the splitter are not
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bent at their terminations and that the connectors enter easily. Jumpers shall be used between the BTS and the splitter.
9.3.7
Connectors
The bond between the antenna cable and the connector is paramount to a good base station performance and is from experience a common source of problem. In order to get a good and durable connection, the contractor needs to follow the manufacturers instructions carefully, as well as applying the correct tools. After having installed the connectors, they are to be waterproofed by using rubber self amalgamating and PVC black tape. This is to avoid water intrusion and corrosion to the antenna cables. The self amalgamating rubber tape and the PVC black tape must be able to sustain high temperatures and heavy exposure to the heat and UV-radiation of the sun. Improper choice of tapes will cause it to unwind as the adhesion material loses its properties. Start the taping above the bottom end of the connector, advance upwards while overlapping 50% of the above tape, cover the connector, and repeat the taping procedure in an downward direction and finally upwards again for a third layer. This process shall be adopted for both the self amalgamating rubber and black PVC tapes.
9.3.8
Layout
The antenna cables shall be installed according to good workmanship. Look for the short and simple way between the equipment and the antenna when planning and installing the antenna cables. All cables shall be of correct length; CELCO will not accept any looping or detouring of the antenna cables. However, no short-cutting of the cables shall occur. All cables are to be supported securely and tidily. CELCO will not accept wires laying unfixed on the ground or floor, hanging loose in towers or zigzagging on walls. This is both for maintaining and aesthetic reasons. The appearance of the cables will sometimes govern the total impression of the new base station. If necessary, the feeders should be covered in conduits or channels. The cover could also be painted in order to hide the installation further. The Technical Site Survey team is responsible for describing the layout of all cables and cable ladders. Avoid areas with common access, if possible. Avoid blocking doors, hatches, drains and other openings. Take account for future maintenance and renovation works by CELCO and other parties. It is usually safer to locate cable ladders along the edge of a roof than crossing the centre of it. Take advantage of existing structures like parapets, shelves, beams, pipes and other ladders. It is highly recommended to use some time on the subject of cable layout during the site visit.
9.3.9
Pulling
When laying long feeders on towers the contractor must plan his work carefully. Pulling a long feeder through openings, along cable ladders and up towers can harm or destroy the cable. The damage can sometimes be detected visually, but it might also be discovered only after running a VSWR check. A feeder being pulled up a tower shall be supported at intervals of maximum 25m. before fixing the feeder in its final destination. Contractor needs to position the drum such that the full feeder length can be uncoiled. Provide drum jacks so that the drum can rotate freely and the feeder can be uncoiled from the bottom of the drum. To hoist waveguides, use a pulley and winch cable or hoisting rope. Use lace type stainless steel hoisting grips every 200 feet (60m) (or any suitable distance depending on the waveguide type) and the waveguide can be loosely tied to the hoisting rope every 50
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feet (15m). For long lengths, contractor need to allow slack in the waveguide between the hoisting grips so that each grip carries its respective weight. The Contractor shall consult the manufacturer's instructions for the particular cable type. CELCO anticipates the contractor to take special care when pulling a cable over hostile surfaces or sharp edges that could possibly cause injury to the cable.
9.3.10
Cable entrance
Routing cables through walls could lead to trouble if not doing a proper job with the cable entrance. Inlets through outside walls and roofs of a building obviously have to be 100% waterproofed after installing the cables. A Roxtec type of cable penetration seal shall be used as a standard for all BTS, waveguide and RG cables. Follow the manufactures specifications when installing the seals. They can be used for sealing both square and circular openings. This type of inlet gives the opportunity of installing more cables at a later stage without providing new holes in the wall. For firewalls a fire-resistant compound shall be inserted. No openings whatsoever are acceptable after the cables have been installed and the inlets have been sealed.
9.3.11
Fixing
Secure the cables to the ladder with correctly sized clamps. For short runs of jumper cable, and where it is not practical to install cable ladders, CELCO will accept fixing directly to poles, booms and walls with hanger kits and round members, otherwise cable ladders shall be engaged to accommodate the antenna cables. All fixing material shall be of galvanised or stainless steel. The maximum distance accepted by CELCO between feeder fasteners for each cable type is specified below: Elliptical Waveguides 1 5/8 Heliax 7/8 Heliax " Heliax " Superflex 900mm 900mm 600mm 300mm 300mm
9.3.12
Cover
Antenna cables can be visually disturbing. One way of reducing this effect is covering or hiding the cables. This is a relevant solution for feeders located on a building surface. Rectangular channels of metal are good for this purpose, as they are durable and can by painted with simple means. The channel shall preferably be of the partly dismountable type, as this will ease inspection and maintenance. The evident colour to use for painting the cover is that of the wall or building element itself. However, it is not always recommended to go for this solution, because finding the right colour can prove difficult. Even if the house owner provides the name and code of the paint we are not granted success. Just a minor shade of difference in colour can cause the channel to stand out more than it would if it had been left with its original colour. In that case it could be wiser to paint the cover in the same colour as the auxiliary elements of the building elements like gutters, down pipes, sills, frames, ledges, beams, columns, etc.
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The antenna cables must also be protected from physical damage. For cables installed in elevated cable ladders this is normally no issue, but if the cables are located at floor level they should be considered covered. The planner should look for places where it is likely that people will cross e.g. a cable ladder laying on a floor. That place shall be covered with a metal plate or similar. The cable inlet at the bottom of an outdoor BTS should be covered. Avoid installing antenna cables in personnel ladders, but if doing so cover the cables in a conduit. All outdoor materials shall be galvanised for protection against corrosion to the specified standards.
9.3.13
Labelling
A detailed labelling specification will be agreed between the CELCO and the Contractors to ensure that all individual requirements are met. In general the following site elements should be labelled: BTS Combiner Modules RF Feeder and Jumper Cables (at both ends) TX and PCM Cables (at both ends) External Alarm Cables (at both ends) DDF and ATF BTS Power Supply Breakers Rectifier and Battery Bank Installation Transmission equipment (IDU and ODU)
Label material shall be yellow self adhesive vinyl or plastic and should be able to withstand outdoor conditions. All text shall be black printed. Partex or similar system shall be used to all cable labelling. This shall also be yellow with black print.
9.4 9.4.1
Antennas General
GSM antennas come with a protective casing, mounting facilities and cable termination ports. MW come with mounting facilities, cable termination ports and commonly also with protective radomes.
9.4.2
Types of antenna
The most common antenna in a GSM network is the flat panel. This antenna directs the radio waves within a clearly defined sector, typically between 60 and 120 in the horizontal plane. The size of the antennas varies. The height of a typical outdoor GSM flat panel ranges from 600mm to 1400mm. The width is typically around 150mm. The number of flat panels needed for one sector varies from one to three. Most new GSM radio cabinets take care of the diversity internally, and cross-polar antennas contain both a transmitter and receiver. In this case only one antenna is needed in the sector. Older
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sites have two antennas in each sector one receiver, Rx and one transmitter, Tx. Some sites with old radio cabinets need three antennas per sector Rx, Tx and diversity. Microwave antennas (MW) comes in parabolic dishes. The diameters of the MW dishes range between 2ft. and 12ft.
9.4.3
Orientation
GSM antennas are to be oriented according to the radio network planners instruction. A maximum of 2 deviation from the intended orientation is acceptable. On a green field site a compass is probably the better tool for this purpose. The readings should always be counter check from another location as readings taken near or on metal masses such as towers and water tanks are prone to errors. Every MW antenna is oriented towards another MW antenna. The direction of the MW wave path is critical. Any small deflection or obstruction of the path could lead to poor or no transmission to and from the site No deviation from the planned orientation is acceptable.
9.4.4
Tilting
GSM antennas are to be tilted according to the radio network planners instruction. A maximum of 0,5 deviation from the intended orientation is acceptable. Always make sure the mounting structure is vertical before installing the antenna. Otherwise determining the tilt angle could prove difficult. The antennas come with a tilting set. The adjustable part of the set is to be used at the top end of the antenna for zero or down tilt. For up tilt the adjustable part goes to the bottom end of the antenna. Every microwave antenna (MW) is oriented towards another MW. The direction of the MW wave path is critical. Any small deflection or obstruction of the path could lead to poor or no transmission to and from the base station No deviation from the planned orientation is acceptable.
9.4.5
Amplifiers
Long feeder runs, bends and connectors contribute to dB loss, and in some cases the radio network planner will consider having amplifiers (a.k.a. LNA, TMA) installed in order to increase the output effect. The amplifiers shall be used only when specifically stated by the radio network planner. Each amplifier needs to be located close to the GSM antenna it is serving. A typical location is on the antenna pole or tower leg directly under the antenna. If possible, the amplifier should be placed out of sight from the public as it generally a visibly disturbing element of the site.
9.5 9.5.1
INSTALLATION INSIDE EQUIPMENT ROOMS AND CABINS Equipment Rack

All equipment mounted inside the cabin shall use stainless steel self-tapping screws to secure the rack onto the cabin floor. The minimum size of these screws shall be M10 and shall be of a length that will not penetrate the cabin floor.
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The top of equipment racks shall be fixed to the cable ladder above by the use of stainless steel bracket supports approved by CELCO. For lower height equipment such as BTS, these supporting brackets shall serve as cable support as well where the latter shall be laced to the support through the use of cable ties.
9.5.2
Testing
Before completing the site the contractor is expected to run a series of tests in order to validate the quality of his installation job. These tests will be issued as a Test Protocol document by CELCO to ascertain that those parts of the equipment subsystem installed by the contractor are working as specified with the other parts of the equipment that forms the service provided by the site.
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10
10.1
Greenfield Site
Scope
This specification consists of drawings of typical Greenfield sites. The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In a specific project, country specific standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to and adopted when defining the site standard. Radio Site Installation Engineering together with an experienced Professional Engineer shall be consulted prior to use in any project.
10.2
Purpose
The purpose of the specification for Typical Site Drawings is to outline in detail the layout and requirements of each site.
10.3
Technical Specifications
The quality and workmanship of all the works shown in the drawings shall be in accordance with the specifications, outlined within this document.
10.4
General Assumptions
The prices in the bill of quantities are based on the following conditions: The site is situated on normal soil with a soil pressure of 100 kN/m2 and a soil density of 1800 kg/m3 No blasting is necessary. The ground water level is below the foundation bottom level. No pipes or cables are assumed above or below ground level Only Certified climbers are assumed to have access to antenna support mounted equipment.
10.5
Site Models
The following model sites will be considered in this specification: GF1 45 Cabin with 45m 3L Tower GF1 60 Cabin with 60m 3L Tower GF1 76 Cabin with 76m 3L Tower GF2 45 Outdoor with 45m 3L Tower GF2 60 Outdoor with 60m 3L Tower GF2 76 Outdoor with 76m 3L Tower
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11
11.1
Health and Safety

Scope
This specification sets out the requirements for the Health and Safety standards in Acquisition and Design of Base Transmitter Station (BTS) sites. The following requirements are the minimum standard according to CELCO. In this project Malaysian legislation and regulations together with standards and requirements by the Customer or authorities must be adhered to.
11.2
Purpose
This specification is to be used by all Site Acquisition and Design personal from CELCO, Consultants or Sub Contractors for the acquisition and design of a BTS site. Health and Safety procedures and requirements during construction of the Civil Work are handled in the Civil Work contract and are not covered in the document. The document does not override the statuary requirement of the country for which the network is being designed. The project specific Health and Safety specification has to be developed together with the customers Health and Safety and maintenance responsible.
11.3 11.3.1
General Radio Frequency Exposure

Radiofrequency (RF) fields are only emitted when antennas are operating. All antennas on a site should be considered as operating unless known otherwise. All sites should be designed to prevent personnel, the public etc from walking, operating or working within the area where the RF exposure level are higher than relevant standards permit. ' The RF exposure level depends on frequency of the system, the distance and direction to the antenna, the output power from the antenna and the type of antenna. The distance varies from a few centimetres -from an indoor micro site, to a few meters -from a large coverage outdoor site. Where persons may walk in front of the antenna the designer shall consider positioning the base of the antenna at least 2.25m above the access platform or the surface where personnel will normally be expected to stand. The microwave dishes should also be positioned above head height for operational reasons. Where there is a risk of personnel being able to access the area where they may be at risk for RF exposure, exclusion zones shall be installed to provide a safe distance. This shall be installed as part of the works and comprise a physical barrier with the agreed RF warning signage. The antenna shall be placed in such way that it can not be easily reached by non authorised personnel. For example, antenna mounted on the facade shall not be reachable from windows and balconies.
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Where base stations are installed close to buildings with sensitive electronic equipment, for example near hospitals, electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects should be considered. Information concerning RF exposure should be provided on request to landlords, tenants and local authorities. On special occasion, site-specific calculation of RF exposure should be done.
11.4 11.4.1
Site Acquisition Principles

The Site Acquisition Co-ordinator is responsible for collecting all site-specific data, all RF specific demands, and all maintenance specific demands. The Site Acquisition Co-ordinator shall ensure that any hazards or other particular features of the site that are known and may have an implication on the health, safety and welfare of the customer and contractors personnel, site owner, the public and third parties are included in the Site Acquisition report and are communicated to the Designer. No site with contaminated hazardous materials shall be accepted.
11.5 11.5.1
Detailed Design Principles

The designer should ensure that the site is designed to eliminate or minimise risks to health and safety during construction and the maintenance of the site. The risk shall be reduced at source if avoidance is not possible. Where risks can not be avoided, adequate information has to be provided. The designer shall consider measures that will protect all workers if either avoidance or reduction is not possible. The designer shall ensure that the design documentation contains adequate information on health and safety and that his design complies with the rules and procedures stated in the agreed Health and Safety specification.
11.6 11.6.1
Greenfield Sites General

Greenfield sites comprise out door equipment or equipment installed in a Cabin at ground level with a free standing tower, a mast, monopole or other antenna support structure.
11.6.2
Anti climb Measures

Safety measures for an authorised climbing can be done b .of the compound or by installing anti climb devices. If fencing is prescribed the following applies: Access to the installation shall be via a lockable gate within the fence line. The layout of the fencing on the sites shall be so designed as to inhibit access by unauthorised persons.
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The layout of the installation within the compound shall be so designed as to inhibit access by persons whom may attempt to jump from adjacent structures on to cabins I masts etc. The type and details of the fence shall be according to the Materials and workmanship section of this document. If an anti climb device on the antenna Support structure is described it shall be designed to: Prevent access by unauthorised persons. Be an integrated part of the antenna support design. Be easily accessible. The Anti climb device shall include amongst other things. Devices to prevent access up the antenna supports legs or bracing. Devices to prevent access up the ladder or outside the ladder. If the installation is planned on a third party site the proposed works shall include fencing works etc to enable compliance with this specification.
11.6.3
Warning Signs
The signs etc. shall be made from weatherproof material, be of a uniform format and in Malaysia and English languages. The following warning signs shall be installed at all sites: High Voltage hazard Radiation hazard No Smoking Adhesive type shall be used for indoor installation and metal type for outdoor installation. The signs shall be installed as indicated below: For Internal rooms: The High Voltage sign shall be posted on the door outside the room at eye level. The Radiation sign shall be posted on the inside of the access door to the roof at eye level. The No Smoking sign shall be posted inside the room at eye level. For Greenfield sites: Both the High Voltage and the Radiation signs shall be posted on the fence at eye level. The No Smoking sign shall be posted inside the cabin at eye level.
11.6.4
Fall Arrest System

A fall arrest system shall be installed and tested on all antenna support structures higher than 1.8 metre. This measure shall be taken from the working platform or area that the customer's maintenance personnel are expected to stand while accessing the antenna or other pole mounted equipment.
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The system shall be designed to ensure that all equipment can be accessed easily and safely An 8mm stainless steel fall arrest system, including the Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) system shall comply to EN 361, EN 353-1/2, EN795, EN 354 and other relevant EN standards. This fall arrest system shall be on all Greenfield sites. The PPE system, shall be universal to all 8mm fall arrest systems.
11.6.5
Hazardous Substances
11.6.5.1 Construction Materials

If there are any health hazards arising from the use of unusual construction materials the designer shall indicate such in the detailed design information.
11.6.5.2 Existing Material

The designer shall contact the specialised regional authorities to obtain information and methods of dealing with possible existing antiquities. The site will be put on hold until the appropriate cleaning procedures have been clearly defined. The designer shall indicate on the detailed design drawing any hazardous substances that are known to exist in the area of the proposed works. These shall include, but are not limited to, contaminated land, contaminated water, buried and overhead cables, etc.
11.6.5.3 Excavations
Before excavation the contractor shall inform the relevant authority I site owner etc if required by law.
11.6.6
Access
The designer shall ensure that 24 hours access to the site can be achieved without risk to health and safety. For example, the operations personnel shall not be expected to climb over fences and hedges etc; a suitable gate or other device shall be installed. Access to the antenna is via a climbing system. Operations personnel shall follow any specific instructions when accessing tower mounted equipment.
11.7 11.7.1
Third Party Sites General

A third party site is an existing tower structure (except High Voltage pylons) which mainly is used for supporting antenna. This section shall be read in conjunction with section 4.2 above.
11.7.2
Site Safety
Where installations are planned on third party structures the designer should satisfy himself that adequate measures or works are planned as part of the construction to satisfy the requirements of the specification.
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This includes, but is not limited to ensuring that:
There is sufficient spare structural capacity to accommodate the proposed installation. There is sufficient space available to accommodate the proposed installation. All existing user equipment is accurately recorded and depicted within the detailed design drawings. The existing structure is in good condition, for example ladders, platforms etc., are safe and in working order. The existing fence or anti climb devices are sufficient. If they are not in accordance with the minimum requirements of this specification then they shall be improved or replaced as part of the works. The designer needs to ensure that personnel can access and maintain the proposed equipment without compromising safety. Any other hazards, which may affect the suitability of the site, are recorded.
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Time 2-Model Sites Specification-Rev3.0

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Time 2-Model Sites Specification-Rev3.0

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Time 2 Model Sites Specification Revision 3.

0 Dated 19 April 2005

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

Definitions and Meanings

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

Time 2 2.5 Access within Sites

Model Site Specifications

Condition of Existing Property

Dimension and Levels

Model Site Specifications

Dealing with Water

Supply of Services for Carrying out the Works

Model Site Specifications

Contractor's Offices, Housing, Stores, Sheds, Etc.

Accidents and First Aid

Samples and Testing of Materials

Model Site Specifications

Delivery and Storage Of Materials

Protecting the Works

Model Site Specifications

Materials and Workmanship

Name of Subcontractors to be Approved

Time 2 2.26 Copies of Orders

Model Site Specifications

Model Site Specifications

General Site Works

Demolitions Gas or Vapour Risks

Time 2 3.3.5 Structure(S) To Be Retained

Model Site Specifications

Partly Demolished Structure(S)

Open Basements Etc

Time 2 3.3.12.2 Hard-core

Model Site Specifications

3.4 3.4.1 3.4.1.1

Excavating and Earthwork Preliminary Site Works General

Time 2 3.4.2 Excavation

Model Site Specifications

Excavation for foundations, Trenches, etc.

Model Site Specifications

Other Hard Materials

Time 2 3.5 Filling

Model Site Specifications

Time 2 3.5.3 3.5.3.1 Turfing General

Model Site Specifications

Turfing And Watering

Model Site Specifications

Concrete Work In Situ Concrete Construction Generally

In Situ Concrete Mixes, Casting And Curing Tolerances

Time 2 3.6.2.4 Aggregates

Model Site Specifications

Time 2 3.6.2.10 Concrete Cover

Model Site Specifications

3.6.2.11 Concrete Surface Finish

Formwork for In Situ Concrete

Reinforcement for In Situ Concrete General.

Model Site Specifications