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MODO DE FORMACION PERFECCIONAMIENTO. MODULO. INGLES BASICO. CARRERA. TECNOLOGIA EN MECANICA AUTOMOTRIZ. INSTRUCTORA. LIC. FERNANDA CANDO. ALUMNO. FREDY COYAGO MARCALLA. 2010-2011

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ALL ABOUT LIGHTNING.

task.1 Work in pairs. Try to choose the correct information.

1. Lightning. a. b. c. Happen before thunder. Happens after thunder. Is a for the electricity.

2. Ones de safest places to be in storm. a. b. c. In a car. Under the tree. On top of a high building.

3. If you are outside in a storm. a. b. c. You should stand up straight. You should crouch down. You should shelter under a tree.

4. If you are inside in a storm. a. b. c. You go should go outside. You should disconnect he television aerial. You telephone a friend.

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3 task. 2 read the text and check the your answers

STAYING SAFE IN A STROM. What is the lightning? Lightning is simply an enormous spark of electricity. It happens at the same time as thunder, but you see lightning before you hear thunder, because light travels much faster that sound. How dangerous is lightning? Lightning kills 400 people in the United States every year. What should you do if you area outside in a storm. If you are in a car, when a storm beings, you will be safe. Metal has low resistance to electricity, so the electricity will flow through the metal rather that passing inside the car and hurting passengers. If you are outside and you cannot shelter in a car, you should crouch down with your legs together. This should help to protect you, because if lightning strikes, it will strike the tallest object around. You should not shelter under a tree in a storm. If lightning strikes a tree, the shock will travel a long way across the ground. There is also the possibility that the tree will explode. What should you do if you are inside in a storm? If you are inside in a storm, you should disconnect the television aerial. If lightning strikes the television aerial, the television will explode. You should also avoid using the telephone, because lightning can pass down the line to the metal earpiece.

Traduccion del texto. PERMANECEINDO SEGURO EN UNA TORMENTA. Qu es un relmpago? Un relmpago es simplemente una enorme chispa de electricidad. Este pasa en el mismo momento de la tormenta, pero t miras el relmpago antes de escuchar el trueno, porque la luz viaja mucho ms rpido que el sonido.

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Cun peligroso es un relmpago? Los relmpagos matan 400 personas en los Estados Unidos todos los aos. Qu podras tu hacer si tu estas fuera in una tormenta? Si tu estas en un auto cuando empieza una tormenta tu podras estar a seguro. El metal tiene baja resistencia a la electricidad, la electricidad podra fluir a travs del metal. Esta podra atravesar y hacer dao a los pasajeros. si tu estas fuera y no puedes refugiarte en un auto, t podras agacharte, con las piernas juntas. Esto podra ayudarte a protegerte, porque si el relmpago golpea, este podra golpear objetos muy altos. Tu no debes refugiarte debajo de un rbol in un atormenta, si un relmpago golpea un rbol, la descarga podra viajar a lo largo de este y llegar a la tierra. Hay tambin la posibilidad de que el rbol puede explotar. Qu pasara si tu estas en el interior en una tormenta? Si tu estas en el interior in una tormenta, t podras desconectar la antena de la televisin. Si un relmpago golpea la antena de la televisin, la televisin podra explotar. t podras tambin evitar usar el telfono, porque el relmpago puede atravesar el metal de la lnea telefnica. TASK 3. Read the text again and match the sentences halves. 1. If lightning strikes a tree. 2. If lightning strikes a car. 3. If lightning strikes. 4. If lightning strikes a television aerial when the television is on. 5. If lightning strikes the television the telephone. (2) The people inside will not be hurt. (5) It will travel along it ti the earpiece. (3) It will strike the tallest object. (4) It will explode. (1) The shock will travel along the ground.

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PRIMER CONDICONAL.
Se forma con if + simple present + simple future. Se emplea cuando una situacin es real o

posible: If it rains today, I'll stay at home. Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos traducidos.

If clause If + Present tense If it rains today,

Main clause will / can / may / must + verb I'll stay at home

If it rains today, I'll stay at home. Si llueve hoy, me quedar en casa.

If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow. Si est ocupado ahora, regresar maana.

If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon. Si tengo tiempo, visitar a mis padres esta tarde.

If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach. Si est caluroso maana, iremos a la playa.

If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes. Si est fro, debes usar ropa abrigada.

If he doesn't do his homework, he cannot go to the party. Si l no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta.

If she doesn't call you, you can call her. Si ella no te llama, t puedes llamarla.

If you work hard, you may become a millionaire someday. Si trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en un millonario algn da.

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THE NATURAL WORLD.

TASK. 1 looks at the pictures. You are going to read a text about rainforest. In pairs make a list of the words you expect to find in the text. Emergent trees. Canopy Understory. Layers. Wet. Humidity.

TASK.2 Read rainforest and checks your answers in task 1.

Rainforests. Trees do not live alone. They naturally form forest. The plants and animals that live in forest need each other to survive. There are rain forest around the equator in South America, Africa and Asia. Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests, including many birds, insects and reptiles. There are also thousands of different plants and a lot of tall trees. Rainforest are dark and hot and the ground is always wet. Seventy-five per cent of the worlds species of living things are found there. Rainforest are very important for us. The trees and the plants that live here help to purify the air that we breathe. They also help to control the weather. They give us wood rubber, fruits, and many of our medicines. The plants an tree the rainforest grow in layers. Each layer has its own level of light and humidity, and its own kind of animals and plants which cannot live anywhere else.

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TRADUCCION DEL TEXTO Los arboles no viven solos. Ellos naturalmente forman los bosques. Los arboles, animales que viven en los bosques necesitan de cada uno para sobrevivir. Hay bosques lluviosos alrededor de Sur Amrica, frica y Asia. Miles y miles de animales viven en los bosques lluviosos incluyendo muchos pjaros, insectos y reptiles. Hay tambin miles de diferentes plantas y muchos rboles altos. Los bosques lluviosos son oscuros y calientes y la tierra est siempre mojada. El sesenta y cinco por ciento de las especies de mundo se encuentran viviendo ah. Los bosques lluviosos son muy importantes para nosotros. Los arboles y las plantas que viven aqu ayudan a purificar el aire que nosotros respiramos. Ellos tambin ayudan a controlar el clima. Ellos nos dan madera de caucho, frutas y muchas de nuestras medicinas. Las plantas y los arboles de los bosques lluviosos crecen en capas. Cada capa tienes su propio nivel de luz y humedad, y su propia clase de animales y plantas las cuales no puede vivir en otro parte

TASK.3 Read the text again and decide if the statements are true or false. 1. Few plants, animals and insects live in the rainforest .(F) 2. The ground in always wet in the rainforest..(V) 3. About 50% of all species live in the rainforest.(F) 4. Plants and animals of the rainforest grown in layers..(V) 5. Many medicines come from the rainforest.(V)

TASK. 4 In pairs read the tests in the picture and complete the information with the corresponding layer. 1. Here plants grow in deep shade.Herb layer. 2. Trees that break through the canopy . Emergent layer 3. Small bushes grow here. shrub 4. Small trees under the canopy grow here. .understory layer 5. Here a thick covering of leaves absorbs the sunlightcanopy layer

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Emergent layer: Some trees grow higher that the canopy and reach height up to 60 meters.

Shrub layer: where very small bushes grow

Understory layer: this is a layer of small trees under the canopy. Some of them are young trees and some are already fully grown.

Canopy layer: it forms a thick covering of leaves over the rainforest and most of the sun is absorbed by it.

Herb layer: plants living here must be able to grow in deep shade.

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HERBAL MEDICINE

TASK 1. Match the descriptions whit the pictures.

Ive got stomach ache. Ive been bitten

Ive got toothache.

Ive got a headache.

Ive cut my finger.

MY knee is swollen.

My arm hurts.

TASK 2: tell your teacher ideas for treating these symptoms. TASK 3. Work in pairs. Try to match the health problem with the correct herbal medicine. 1. Cuts and wounds 2. Stomach ache. 3. Snake bites. 4. Tooth decay. 5. Parasites. (5) papaya seeds. (4) dragons blood. (1) cacao. (3) avocado. (1) bracken. (2) chamomile TASK 4 Read the text and check your ideas.

Herbal medicine.

The medicinal value of plants has long been recognized in many different countries. Medicinal plants are either, made into drinks or used to make ointments and lotions.

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Avocado. Avocado seeds are used by the people of the Ecuadorian Amazon to treat snake bites. Avocado seeds are grated and mixed with strong alcohol. It is necessary to drink one glass of the medicine immediately after being bitten and another 4 hours later until the patients can reach a ho spital.

Cacao. The bark of the cacao tree is used in the jungle to heal scars. The green fruit is picked and grated to produce a sticky liquid. This liquid is applied to the cut or scar and left until it comes off by itself. During this treatment, it is important not to eat hot chili.

Camomile. Camomile flowers, stalks and leaves are boiled with water. The liquid is then sieved and drunk to cure stomach ache.

Dragons blood. Dragons blood comes from one spice of the eucalyptus tree. This liquid is used for a variety of medicinal purposes. In particular it can help to prevent tooth decay. The latex is extorted from the trunk of the tree and kept in a glass jar. 5 drops should be used as toothpaste once a week.

Papaya seeds Papaya seed are well known as a cure for parasites. Herbalists make syrup by boiling the ground seeds in water and adding a lithe honey.

Bracken. Bracken grows in different climates, especially where there is a lot of rain. it produces a substance which heals wounds.

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TRADUCCION: Hierbas medicinales. 11 El valor de las pantas medicinales tiene un largo reconocimiento en muchos pases diferentes. Las plantas medicinales son, unas comidas, hacindolas en bebidas o usadas para hacer ungentos y lociones. Aguacate. Las semillas de aguacate son usadas por las personas de la amazonia ecuatoriana para tratar las picaduras de serpientes. Las semillas de aguacate son ralladas y mescladas con fuerte alcohol. Es necesario tomar un vaso de la medicina inmediatamente despus de ser picado y otras 4 horas ms tarde hasta que el paciente llegue a una hospital. Cacao. La corteza del rbol de cacao es usada en la selva para curar cicatrices. La fruta verde es picada y rayada para producir un lquido pegajoso. Este lquido es aplicado en el corte o cicatriz y dejado hasta que llegue a curarse por s solo. Durante este tratamiento, es importante no comer chile picante. Manzanilla. Las flores de manzanilla, tallos y hojas son hervidas con agua. El liquido es entonces servido y debido para curar el dolor de estomago. Sangre de dragn. La sangre de dragn viene de una especie del rbol de eucalipto. Este lquido es usado para una variedad de propsitos medicinales. En particular este puede ayudar a prevenir las caries dentales. El ltex es extrado desde el tronco del rbol y guardado en una jarra de vidrio. 5 gotas deberan ser usadas como pasta dental una vez a la semana. Semillas de papaya. Las semillas de papaya son bien conocidas para curar los parsitos. Los curanderos hacen un jarabe para hervir la semilla molida de ir aadiendo un poco de miel. Helechos. Los helechos crecen en diferentes climas, especialmente donde hay una gran cantidad de lluvia. Estos producen una substancia la cual cura las heridas

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SEGUNDO CONDICONAL.
Refiere a una situacin hipottica y se forma segn la estructura if + simple past + simple condicional. Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos traducidos.

If clause If + Past Simple If I won the lottery,

Main clause would / could / might + verb I would travel around the world.

If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. Si ganara la lotera, viajara por todo el mundo. If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro. Si yo estuviese en Brasil, ira a Ro de Janeiro. If I were you, I would buy that car. Si yo fuese t, comprara ese auto. If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this. Si l estuviese en mi lugar, no hara esto. If I had more money, I would buy a nice apartment. Si yo tuviese ms dinero, me comprara un lindo apartamento. If she had more time, she would travel more often. Si ella tuviera ms tiempo, viajara ms a menudo. If it were not raining, we could go out. Si no estuviese lloviendo, podramos salir. If we didn't have to work today, we could have a picnic. Si no tuvisemos que trabajar hoy, podramos tener un picnic.

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MEN AN WOMEN
TASK 1. Work in pairs. Make a list of characteristics of the perfect men and women we see in advertisements in magazines and on the television. Close your book to do this task. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE. HAIR APPEARANCE Curly Straight Wavy Long Short shiny COLOR Blonde. Brown. Black. White. Tall. Medium. Small. Black. Brown. Green. Blue. attractive fat Athletic. Sexy. Beautiful. Slim Old. Young. Medium. HEIGHT EYES. AGE APPEARANCE MEN Handsome Good looking. Strong. WOMEN Pretty. Lovely.

TASK 2. Compare your list from task 1 with the photographs on this page. TASK 3. Read the text quickly and choose the best description of the writers attitude. a. b. c. She thinks Ms Perfects life is very similar to her own. She thinks Ms Perfect is unrealistic. She sad because she is not like Ms Perfect.

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PERFECT MEN A WOMEN.

Television and magazine sell us images of perfect men and women. Ms Perfect is about 34 years old (but looks younger). She is tall, slim and beautiful. She has long, shiny hair and her skin is like a peach. She likes jogging in the park early in the morning, and later has the time to prepare a nutritious, breakfast for her perfect family. At work she is popular because she is ambitious, professional, dynamic, independent and trustworthy, and, at the same times, kind and friendly to her colleagues. She works all day long but when she arrives home she does not look tired. She prepares dinner for her children and reads them stories. Mr. Perfect is tall, handsome, elegant and always in a good mood. Mr. Perfect is also athletic. He has huge biceps and exercises daily. He acts like a gentleman on all occasions. At work he is generous, successful an always drives a brand new car. At home he is collaborative and tender and, of course his wife is Ms Perfect. When I look at these images. I start to laugh. Them I say out loud: are you crazy? Nobody. I repeat nobody in this world really like that.

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TRADUCCION DEL TEXTO. La televisin y revistas nos venden imgenes del hombre y la mujer perfecta. Mrs. perfecto esta sobre los 34 aos de edad (pero luce ms joven). Ella es alta, delgada y bonita. Ella tiene un cabello largo y brillante y su piel es como un Durazno. A ella le gusta trotar en el parque temprano en la maana y despus tiene tiempo para preparar un nutritivo desayuno para su familia perfecta. En el trabajo ella es popular porque es ambiciosa, profesional, dinmica, independiente y confiable, y en algunas ocasiones, cortes y amigable con sus colegas. Ella trabaja todo el da pero cuando llega a casa ella no luce cansada. Ella prepara la cena para sus hijos y entonces les lee historias. Mrs. perfecto es alto, atractivo, elegante y siempre tiene buen humor. Mrs. perfecto tambin es atltico. El tiene enormes bceps y se ejercita a diario. El acta como un caballero en toda ocasin. En el trabajo l es generoso, exitoso y siempre conduce un auto de marca nuevo. En la casa l es colaborador y carioso y, por supuesto su esposa es Ms. perfecta. Cuando yo miro esas imgenes yo empiezo a rerme. Entonces yo digo fuerte estas tu loca? Nadierepito nadie en este mundo...es realmente como ellos!

TASK 4. Read the text again and complete the table with the adjectives which describe physical appearance or personality. ADJETIVES TO DESCRIBE PHYSICAL APPEAREANCE. Tall. Athletic. Independent. Elegant. Slim. Long hair. ADJETIVES TO DESCRIBE PERSONALITY. Popular. Friendly. Trustworthy. Honest. Generous. Happy. Good mood.

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TASK 5. Look at the table in task 4 and the text in the task 3. Find adjectives which match the following definitions. A woman who is very, very attractive is. ..Beautiful . Someone who is fit and good at sport is. ..Athletic. A man who is very attractive isHandsome. Someone who other people think is good and honest is.Trustworthy Someone who wants to make progress at works is.Ambitious. Someone who everybody likes is...Popular. Someone who can do things alone is.Independent. Someone who gives a lot to other people is.Generous.

IV AND AIDS

TASK 1. Work in pairs. Try to answers the questions below. a. What is AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Virus)?

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, most referred to by its acronym AIDS or AIDS is a disease that affects humans infected by HIV. It is said that a person has AIDS when his body due to the immunodeficiency caused by HIV, is not capable of providing an adequate immune response against infections that afflict humans. b. What is HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)?

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was discovered and is considered as the agent of the emerging epidemic of AIDS by Luc Montagnier team in France in 1983. The virion is spherical, equipped with an envelope and a capsid protein. Genome in a single -stranded RNA strand to be copied temporarily to DNA in order to multiply and integrate into the genome of the cell it infects. The protein antigens of the outer casing are coupled specifically with membrane proteins of infected cells, especially T4 lymphocytes.

TASK 2. listen to a doctor talking about HIV and AIDS and circle the correct information.

1.-AIDS

a.

Is a fatal disease.

b.

is not very serious

c.

Can be cure

2.-HIV is

a. b. c.

A different disease. Is the virus which causes AIDS. is another STD.

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3.. can get AIDS or HIV.

a. b. c.

Mostly homosexuals. People why have too much sex. Mostly men.

d. e. f.

Everybody. Mostly women. Mostly drug addicts.

4. - Ways you can get infected are..

a. b. c. d. e. f.

By touching an infected person. By being near an infected person when they cough or sneeze. By using an object which an infected person has used. By sharing the same toilet with an infected person. By having unprotected sexual intercourse whit an infected partner. By using a needle or syringe to inject drugs which already has been by someone who is infected.

g.

By receiving infected blood in a hospital.

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ANOTHER CULTURE
TASK 1. Read the text about the Kurian and choose the correct information. KURIAR MARRIAGES.

kuriarland is a part of Kenya in Africa. The area receives a lot of rain and the hills are covered whit banana trees and green fields and grasslands. The people are poor and live deep in the country side. The only sings of twentieth century life are the radio motor-transport and western clothes. In Kuriarland, as in most Africa societies, producing children (especially boys) is very important. They secure ownership of land and continue the family name. For this reason, if a Kurian woman cannot have children or has a only female children, she can take a wife to have children for her. She looks for a wife who is healthy and strong and somebody who she thinks will be good company for her. Then the brides family pays the wife with for example, 27 cows. A Kurian wedding of two women is the same as the traditional wedding of a woman and a man in this society. After the wedding, the new wife goes to live in the family home. Then the women choose a man from the community to father the new wifes children. The first wifes husband does not have sexual relationship with the new wife. When the children are born, they belong to the original wife a husband and the new cannot take them away. The mortality rate is very high in Africa so some women have more than one wife in order to have many more children. There is no limited to the

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numbers wives that a women can have, but the head women must the rich enough to support them all equality. Now some Kurian women marry other women simply because they do not want to marry men. They say that Kurian husband do not treat their wives will. For this reason, families made up entirely of women and children can be found in most villages In Kuriarland.

TRADUCCION DEL TEXTO. Kuriarland es una parte de Kenia en frica. El rea recibe mucha lluvia y las colinas estn cubiertas con rboles de bananas y campos verdes. Las personas son pobres y viven en lo profundo del campo. Los nicos signos de la vida del siglo veinte son radios, transportes de motor y ropas de accidente. En Kuriarland como en muchas sociedades de frica, tener hijos (especialmente chicos) es muy importante. Ellos aseguran propiedades, tierras y continua el nombre de la familia. Por esta razn si una mujer de kurian no puede tener hijos o solo tiene hijas, ella puede tomar una esposa que tenga hijos de ella. Ella busca una esposa quien sea saludable y fuerte y alguien quien ella crea pueda ser buena compaa para ella. Entonces la familia de la novia paga a la esposa con, por ejemplo 27 vacas. Una boda Kuriar de dos mujeres es igual a un matrimonio tradicional de un hombre y una mujer en esta sociedad. Despus del matrimonio, la nueva esposa va a vivir en la casa de la familia. Entonces la mujer escoge un hombre de la comunidad para padre de los hijos de la nueva esposa..El primer marido de la esposa no tiene relaciones sexuales con la nueva esposa. Cuando los hijos nacen, ellos pertenecen a la esposa original y esposo, y la nueva esposa no puede irse lejos. La tasa de mortalidad es muy lata en frica, algunas mujeres tiene ms de una esposa para tener ms hijos. NO hay un lmite para el numero de esposas que una mujer puede tener,

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pero la matriarca debe ser lo suficientemente rica para sostener a todos igual. Ahora algunas mujeres Kuriar se casan con otras mujeres simplemente porque ellas no se quieren casar con un hombre. Ellos dicen que los esposos Kuriar no tratan bien a sus esposas. Por esta razn, las familias formadas enteramente de mujeres y nios pueden encontrarse en mas villas in Kurirland.

TASK 2. Look at the text again and compare marriages in Kuriarland and Ecuador. Make note.

QUESTONS People who marry

KURIARLAND

ECUADOR.

Men and women marry Only men and women can because also women with marry women.

Important of children. Dowry (money or present exchange for a husband or wife wedding clothes) Wedding clothes.

Very important Cows.

Children are important by not very important. Not always.

She goes to house wife.

The couple live apart of de family

families

The family made up entirely The family not made up of women and children. entirely of women children.

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A FAMILY TREE.
MENBER OF THE FAMILY . ENGLESH Grandfather. Grandmother. Father. Mother. Son. Daughter. Brother. Sister. Uncle. Aunt. Cousin. Cousin. Nice. Nephew. Grandson. Granddaughter. Sister in law. Brother in law. Step father Step mother. Godfather. Godmother. Son in law Daughter in law TRADUCCION. Abuelo Abuela. Padre Madre Hijo Hija Hermano Sister. Tio Tia. Primo Prima Sobrina Sobrino Nieto Nieta Cuada Cunado Padrastro Madrastar Padrino Madrina Nuera Yerno.

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