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2D
underground excavations
Verification Manual
The Youngs Modulus (E) and Poissons ratio () of the material around the opening is 10,000 MPa and 0.25 respectively. The stresses ( rr & ) and the total displacements around the opening at = 0o are verified. Variation of with on the excavation boundary is also confirmed. The model geometry is shown in Figure 1.1.
p = 10 MPa
ur
rr
r
r
Kp
Kp
2a = 1 m
p = 10 MPa
rr =
a2 a2 a4 p cos 2 ( ) ( ) + + 1 1 1 1 4 3 K K 2 2 4 2 r r r
a2 p (1 + K ) 1 + r 2 2
a4 cos 2 ( ) + + K 1 1 3 4 r
r =
p a2 a4 sin 2 ( ) + K 1 1 2 3 2 4 2 r r p a2 a2 ( ) ( ) ( ) + 1 1 4 1 cos 2 K K 2 4G r r
ur =
p a2 a2 u = (1 K ) 2 (1 2 ) + 2 sin 2 4G r r
For plane strain and isotropic conditions, the shear modulus (G) is defined as:
G=
where
E' 2 (1 + ')
E' =
E 1 2
'=
25
rr
Stress (MPa)
20
15
10
Distance (m)
20
rr
Stress (MPa)
15
10
Distance (m)
20 18 16 14
Stress (MPa)
12 10 8
6 4 2 Analytical Solution [1] 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
rr
Examine2D
Distance (m)
1.8 Examine2D 1.6 Analytical Solution [1] 1.4 Case 1 (Kp = 0 MPa)
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Distance (m)
40
30
(MPa)
20
10
-10
-20 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
(degree)
1.4 References
1. B. H. G. Brady and E. T. Brown (1993), Rock Mechanics: for underground mining, 2nd Ed., London: Chapman & Hall. 2. H. G. Poulos and E. H. Davis (1974), Elastic Solutions for Soil and Rock Mechanics, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
p = 10 MPa
W=1m
Kp
H = 0.5 m
Kp
p = 10 MPa
yy
40
Stress (MPa)
30
xx
20
10
Distance (m)
45 Examine2D 40
yy
35
30
xx
Stress (MPa)
25
20
15
10
Distance (m)
yy xx
25
Stress (MPa)
20
15
10
Distance (m)
2.3 References
1. B. H. G. Brady and E. T. Brown (1993), Rock Mechanics: for underground mining, 2nd Ed., London: Chapman & Hall. 2. H. G. Poulos and E. H. Davis (1974), Elastic Solutions for Soil and Rock Mechanics, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
3 Vertical Stresses and Relative Surface Displacements due to an Infinite Strip of Uniform Loading
3.1 Problem description
This problem verifies the vertical stresses beneath an infinite strip footing subjected to uniform loading. The relative vertical displacements at the surface due to the strip footing were also evaluated. The model geometry is shown in Figure 3.1. The results are compared to the analytical solution [1]. The material below the strip footing has a Youngs Modulus (E) of 10,000 MPa and a Poissons ratio () of 0.25. 1 MPa
Point 1 1m 2b = 2 m
Point 2 1m
Point 3
z =
[ + sin cos ( + 2 )]
and relative vertical displacement on the surface can be solved analytically by using:
z (0, 0) z ( x, 0) =
2q 1 2 E
1.0
Depth (m)
2.0
Point = 1
3.0 Point = 2
5.0E-04
4.0E-04
3.0E-04
2.0E-04
1.0E-04
0.0E+00
3.4 References
1. H. G. Poulos and E. H. Davis (1974), Elastic Solutions for Soil and Rock Mechanics, New York: John Wiley & Sons.