THIT K, CH TO H THNG THIT B CHNG CT TINH DU HI QUY M NH Nguyn Vn Dng, V Th Hong Phng Trung tm Nghin cu Lm c sn TM TT Nhm tng bc hon

thin cng ngh ch bin v nng cao gi tr kinh t ca cy H i, mt loi cy LSNG hin ang c gy trng v pht trin mnh mt s tnh bin gii pha Bc, ti Thit k, ch to v chuyn giao h thng chng ct tinh du H i quy m nh ch to, lp t v chy kho nghim thnh cng h thng thit b chng ct tinh du H i ti x Yn Phc, huyn Vn Quan, tnh Lng Sn. Cng sut 300kg nguyn liu kh/m. Trn c s kt hp k thut chng ct tinh du truyn thng vi nhng tin b v k thut lm lnh v phn ly tinh du, thit b chng ct do ti thit k v ch to thu c nhng kt qu kh quan, hn ch tht thot sn phm, nng cao cht lng tinh du v tit kim nhin liu. Qua chy th nghim, m i m chng ct mang li cho ngi sn xut 1.850.000 ng tin li. H thng thit b c nhng tnh nng v thng s k thut c bn sau: - Nguyn l hot ng: Chng ct bng nc c hi lu dch ngng; - L t: xy bng gch chu la v xi mng chu nhit; dm l bng thp C20; c 2 b ghi l bng gang c, mt b dng cho t ci v mt b dng cho t than; ng khi cao 8m, c gn le gi; - Ni chng ct: lm bng vt liu SUS 304; ca np liu pha trn v ca x liu pha di; C gn can nhit, p k v van an ton. Bo n bng bng thy tinh, lp bo n dy 100mm. Pha trn y ni c thit k vi 01 gin phn phi hi, nn ni chng ct c th s dng c trong trng hp c trang b l hi; - B phn lm lnh: kiu ng chm, thit din b mt trao i nhit 6m2. Nc lm lnh c hi lu nh c mt thp gii nhit c nh. - B phn phn ly tinh du: c thit k da trn nguyn l lng v phn lp theo t trng ca cc cht lng khng ha tan vi nhau. T kha: Chng ct tinh du Hi, Trans-anethol, Quy m nh. T VN Vi nt s lc v cy Hi v tinh du Hi Hi (Illicium verum Hook. F.) l loi cy c hu ca min Bc Vit Nam v min Nam Trung Quc. Tinh du Hi (TDH) l sn phm c chng ct t qu hay l ca cy Hi. Phng php chng ct c s dng trong sn xut l phng php ct cun bng hi nc p sut thng hay p sut hi bo ha. TDH lc mi ct ra l mt cht lng snh, c mu sng trng, sau chuyn sang mu vng nht. T trng 250C dao ng t 0,978 - 0,988. Ch s khc x nm trong khong 1,5507 1,5564, ha tan trong 1,0 2,5 th tch alcohol 90%. Cu t chnh v quan trng nht ca TDH l Trans-anethol, hm lng trung bnh chim ti 68 87% khi lng tinh du. TDH ch yu c s dng trong cng nghip thc phm, dng pha ch mt loi ru mnh dng cho x lnh (ru anise). Sau pht minh ca hng dc phm Roth (Thy S), qu Hi tr thnh ngun nguyn liu c gi tr tch chit axit Shikimic dng cho vic tng hp Oseltamivir photsphat, hot cht chnh ca thuc Tamiflu, hin c coi l loi bit dc phng chng v iu tr bnh cm gia cm H5N1. Bi vy, nhng nm gn y, gi bn cc loi sn phm ca cy Hi ngy mt tng cao.

Hin trng thit b sn xut tinh du Hi Vit Nam Trc nm 1979, nc ta c mt x nghip chng ct TDH vi trang thit b ca Php t Phai V, Lng Sn, hng nm cung cp cho th trng khong 150 tn sn phm TDH cht lng tt, p ng y cc tiu chun cho xut khu, k c nhng th trng kh tnh nh Ty u, Bc M v Nht Bn. Trong thi gian ny, nc lng ging ca chng ta vn cha c mt c s sn xut TDH no vi trang thit b tng t. Nm 1979, trong chin tranh bin gii, x nghip ny b Trung Quc ph hy hon ton (mt s ngi cho rng, ch nh xng v thit b ph b ph hy, cn nhng thit b chnh c tho d v mang v Trung Quc). T n nay, hn 30 nm, ngi dn Lng Sn li phi quay v s dng cc loi hnh thit b chng ct th cng, kiu nh nu ru sn xut TDH. Cht lng TDH chng ct th cng rt khc nhau, phn ln khng m bo tiu chun cho xut khu, v cn ln nhiu tp cht v nc. Trong thi gian ny, th pha bn kia bin gii, Trung Quc li c nhng bc tin nhy vt trong lnh vc chng ct v ch bin TDH dng cho xut khu. Trong thi gian va qua, ti tin hnh 3 t kho st v hin trng v thit b ch bin TDH Lng Sn v Qung Ninh, thy rng: a/ V l t. L b phn cp nhit cho ni chng ct tinh du. C 2 loi l l t o ngay ti rng v l xy bng gch thng, khng c ng khi. Rt nhiu l khng c ghi. Nhin liu dng cho vic t ch yu l ci, mt s ni dng than cm trn bn + t st. b/ V ni chng ct. Cc loi n i s dng chng ct TDH Lng Sn g m ni chng ct TDH c truyn, n i bng thng phuy xng, ni y nhn, n i c thn xy bng gch v y bng cho gang, n i bng tn hn, .

nh 1. Ni c truyn; nh 2. Ni thng phuy; nh 3. Ni y nhn; nh 4. Ni c thn xy bng gch

nh 5. Ni c chp cho gang

nh 6,7. Ni bng tn

Dung tch ni chng ct rt khc nhau: ci nh nht ~0,2m3 (n i bng thng phuy xng, ni y nhn), ci ln nht ~2,7m3 (lm bng tn hoc xy bng gch). i b phn ni chng ct c y lm bng cho gang, chp hnh nn ct bng tn hn hoc l mt cho gang p, gia l l thot hn hp hi kh, kiu vi voi. Phn ln cc ni chng ct TDH Lng Sn khng c ca np liu v thi liu ring. Cng vic np liu v tho b c thc hin thng qua ming n i.

Cc khp n i gia y n i vi thn n i, gia thn n i vi chp ni c bt kn bng t st, vi tm t st, vi va hoc xi mng. B phn lm lnh ca cc l chng ct thng l mt ng hp kim nhm hay mt hp nhm dng ng hoc t nghing trong mt b nc. B nc lm lnh thng c xy bng gch, mt vi ni c lm bng tn. Khp n i gia vi voi vi thit b lm lnh c bt kn bng t st, xung quanh qun vi hay xm xe my c. c/ V b phn phn ly tinh du. Cc h chng ct TDH Lng Sn khng c v khng bit s dng thit b phn ly tinh du. Hn hp dch ngng thu c sau khi i qua b phn lm lnh chy vo chum hng bng snh, vo cc thng tn hoc can nha. Sau dng go mc lp tinh du ni pha trn, v h coi y l sn phm cui cng, nn khng x l g thm v em bn ra th trng. nh 8 v 9. Dng c hng TDH T nhng vn nu trn y, rt ra c mt s nhn xt v bc tranh sn xut TDH hin ti Lng Sn nh sau: - Tt c cc loi hnh thit b chng ct TDH Lng Sn l thit b th cng, vi thit k s si v n gin, c lm t nhng loi vt liu r tin, d kim, tui th thp, thiu dng c theo di ch chng ct, kim tra mc nc, dch ngng khng c hi lu, thng khng c ca np liu v x liu ring, nn gy khng t vt v kh khn cho ngi lao ng; - Khng c b phn phn ly v khng c bin php x l sn phm, nn sn phm tinh du lm ra c cht lng thp, khng tiu chun dng cho xut khu; - Thit b lm lnh khng m bo, thit din b mt trao i nhit b, li khng c cc loi vt liu lm zong ph hp, va m bo kn, va chu nhit li chu du nn lm tht thot mt lng ln tinh du ra mi trng xung quanh, hiu sut chng ct thp. Bi vy, vic nghin cu thit k v ch to mt dy chuyn thit b chng ct TDH tha mn c nhng i hi trn y ca thc t sn xut hin nay l mt vic lm cn thit. NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Ni dung - Thit k cc thit b ca h thng chng ct TDH quy m nh; - Ch to cc thit b ca h thng chng ct TDH quy m nh; - Lp t v chy th h thng thit b. Phng php Phng n thit k - V nguyn l lm vic: Trong thc t sn xut tinh du trn th gii hin ang s dng hai cng ngh chng ct: chng ct lin tc v chng ct gin on. Thit b chng ct lm vic theo nguyn l lin tc, thng c cng sut ln, sn xut c quy m cng nghip, gi thnh u t cao, nn ch c p dng cho nhng vng nguyn liu tp trung, sn lng ln. Cn sn xut tinh du t nhng ngun nguyn liu c sn lng va v nh, th ngi ta thng s dng cng ngh v thit b chng ct c cng sut nh, nguyn l lm vic gin on, c gi thnh u t thp (t vi chc n hng trm ln) so vi cng ngh chng ct lin tc. H thng thit b chng ct TDH quy m nh ca ti c thit k lm vic theo nguyn l gin on. Phng php chng ct c s dng l phng php chng ct bng hi nc, c hi lu kn dch ngng.

- Vt liu ch to: TDH l sn phm c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip thc phm v cng nghip Dc, nn cc loi vt liu c s dng ch to cc b phn trong dy chuyn thit b chng ct ca ti u c lm bng cc loi vt liu khng han r , khng c hi cho sc khe ca con ngi. Cc khp n i, ch ni c lm kn bng cc zong teflon, l loi vt liu chu du, chu nhit v cho php c s dng trong ngnh thc phm. - V cng sut: da trn kt qu iu tra kho st, nh gi ngun nguyn liu, qui m ca thc tin sn sut, ti quyt nh chn cng sut cho ni chng ct l 300 kg nguyn liu qu Hi kh/m. - L t: Lp trong l, ni tip xc vi ngn la c xy bng gch chu la vi bt sa mt v xi mng chu nhit, lp ngoi c xy bng gch c. Xung quanh l c gia c b i mt b gng ging bng kim loi. Dm l lm bng thp chu nhit C20. C 2 b ghi l, mt b dng cho t ci v mt b dng cho t than, c c bng gang. C mt qut l, qut ny c s dng khi nhm l v khi cn gia tng ngun nhit cho l. L c thit k vi mt ng khi c ng knh 0,168m, cao 8,0m. m bo an ton cho ngi vn hnh on di ca ng khi c bo n bng bng thy tinh, ti cao 3,0m c gn vi mt le gi lm bng thp khng r . - Ni chng ct: ti chn kiu ni chng ct TDH thn c dng hnh tr, chp hnh nn ct, gia l ca thot hn hp hi kh, kiu vi voi. Ni chng ct c thit k vi mt ca np liu pha trn v mt ca x liu pha di; 4 ca quan st mc nc kiu knh gn trn mt bch; c ng h o p sut, mt van an ton v mt can nhit. Xung quanh phn thn ni, chp ni v vi voi c bo n bng mt lp bng thy tinh, dy 100 mm. o ngoi ca lp bo n lm bng thp chu nhit, dy 0,35 mm. - B phn cp nhit: Do cng sut nh, a bn s dng hng ti l cc thn bn trng Hi min ni ca t nh Lng Sn, khng c nc my, nc sng sui u l nc cng, nn vic chng ct TDH bng ni hi l hon ton khng ph hp. H thng thit b ca ti s c cp nhit bng mt bung t, dng than hoc ci. - B phn lm lnh: B phn lm lnh c thit k kiu ng chm, vi thit din trao i nhit m bo lm gim nhit ca dch ngng xung khong 350C (c s tnh ton xem phn sau). tit kim, nc lm mt c hi lu v s dng lin tc nh c mt my bm v mt thp gii nhit c nh. - V thit b phn ly: Thit b phn ly tinh du c thit k da trn nguyn l lng v phn lp theo t trng ca cc hp cht lng khng ha tan vi nhau. - Khung gi : Khung gi bao xung quanh nh v ni chng ct, lp t thit b lm lnh v l dn gio thao tc vn hnh thit b chng ct. S nguyn l lm vic v kt cu ca h thng thit b chng ct c th hin trn hnh 1. Tnh ton xc nh cc thng s k thut c bn ca h thng thit b - Tnh th tch ni chng ct: Th tch ca ni chng ct c tnh theo cng thc: V = M/G; y: M khi lng nguyn liu ca mt m chng ct, kg; G - khi lng ring ng ca nguyn liu, kg/m3. Sau chn ng knh v s tnh c chiu cao ca ni.

Hnh 1: 1 - L t; 2 Ni chng ct; 3- Bnh phn ly; 4 Thit b lm lnh; 5 Thp gii nhit; 6 B cha nc lm mt; 7 My bm

- Tnh kch thc b phn lm lnh: ng knh ca thn thit b lm lnh c xc nh thng qua php tnh thit din b mt trao i nhit ca cc ng chm. Kch thc ng trao i nhit c chn: chiu cao 1000mm, ng knh 21mm. Chn T1 v T2 l nhit u v nhit cui ca hn hp hi kh (hn hp nc v tinh du); t1 v t2 l nhit u vo v nhit u ra ca nc lm lnh. Hai lu th l hn hp hi nc + tinh du v nc lm lnh i ngc chiu nhau. S dng cc cng thc v cc thng s c sn trong S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht [1], h s nhit trung bnh c tnh theo cng thc:

t t n t tb 1 t ; ln 1 t n

Trong : t1 = T1 t2; tn = t2 t1. y, ly T1 = 1000C; t2 = 450C v t1 = 280C. Chn nhit u ra ca dch ngng l 350C. Kt qu php tnh: Nhit trung bnh ca lu th lnh: ttb = 23,285oC, nn nhit trung bnh ca lu th nng ttb1 = 100 23,285 = 76,715oC; ttb2 = (45 + 28)/2 = 36,5oC;

Khi bit h s nhit trung bnh, tra chn cc tnh cht vt l ca nc nhit mng ngng [1] v s dng cng thc Nuselt tnh h s cp nhit pha lu th nng:

r 2 3 3600 g 1 1,15 4 t H
Trong :

(V.100 [2])

r nhit ngng t, kcal/kg, r = 539,4 kCal/kg khi lng ring ca nc ngng, kg/m3 h s dn nhit, kcal/mh - nht ca nc ngng, kg/ms t hiu s nhit ts tw H chiu cao ng truyn nhit, H = 1 m. Thay cc s vo ta c 1 = 6851,58 kcal/m2 h . Sau tnh nhit ti ring pha lu th nng theo cng thc: q1 = 1 x t1[2], y t1 = tt1 - ttb1 (tt1 - nhit tng pha hi, sau nhiu ln tnh th, tt1 c chn l 85oC). H s cp nhit pha lu th lnh: i vi thit b kiu ng chm c vch ngn, h s cp nhit c tnh gn ng theo cng thc 2 = Nu/( x l); y Nu l chun s Nuselt.

Nu = 0,41 x x Re0,6 x Pr0,33 x (Pr/Pr1); cng thc ny: Re l chun s Renolt, Pr l chun s Phrans nhit trung bnh ca nc lm lnh (36,5oC) v Pr1 l chun s Phrans nhit tng ng trao i nhit (85oC). Cc chun s c tra chn trong S tay qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha cht, tp I [1]. Kt qu tnh ton: 2 = 887,6 kcal/m2 h . T y ta tnh c nhit lng nc lnh nhn c trong 1 gi v qua tnh c khi lng nc lm lnh cn thit phi cung cp cho thit b trao i nhit ( chn cng sut my bm). Sau , dng cng thc F = Q/k/t tnh ton thit din b mt trao i nhit ( y: Q l nhit lng nc lm lnh nhn c trong 1 gi; K l h s truyn nhit; t l h nhit ca lu th nng). Kt qu tnh ton F = 5,8m2 (chn F = 6m2). Chm ng trao i nhit c b tr theo hnh lc gic, sau khi chn bc ng s tnh c s ng trn ng xuyn tm v ng knh trong ca thit b trao i nhit. - Kch thc bnh phn ly: Th tch ti thiu ca bnh phn ly c xc nh da trn kh i lng tinh du thu c ca m i m chng ct. Sau khi chn ng knh, s tnh c chiu cao cn thit ca ct tinh du. cao ca vch ngn c tnh theo thi gian phn ly ca git tinh du cha trong dch ngng. - Tnh bn ni chng ct v thit b lm lnh: dy ca thn ni chng ct v ca thn thit b lm lnh c tnh theo cng thc tnh gi tr bn hn ca thn hnh tr:

p.D + C [m]. Trong : p l p sut lm vic; D l ng knh thn thit b; [] l 2,3.[ ]. p ng sut bn (i vi SUS 304, [] = 500.106/3); C l i lng b sung, ph thuc vo n mn v dung sai ca chiu dy. Xc nh i lng C theo cng thc C = C1 + C2 + C3 [m]. Trong : C1 - b sung do n mn, xut pht t iu kin n mn vt liu ca mi trng v thi gian lm vic ca thit b. i vi vt liu bn nh SUS 304 ta ly 0,05 mm/nm, cho thi gian lm vic 20 nm, vy ly C1 = 1mm; C2 - i lng b sung do hao mn ch cn tnh n trong cc trng hp nguyn liu cha cc ht rn chuyn ng vi tc ln trong thit b. i lng ny thng c chn theo thc nghim. i vi trng hp chng ct cc nguyn liu thc vt trong mi trng nc, i lng ny c th b qua; C3 - i lng b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, ph thuc vo chiu dy tm vt liu. i vi vt liu SUS 304, c chiu dy t 3 5 mm, ly C3 = 0,8mm. - Tnh ton v chn bm: Lng nc cn thit lm mt hn hp hi nc tinh du c xc nh phn tnh kch thc thit b lm lnh. Chn chiu cao y (H) ca my bm. Q. .g.H Cng sut ca bm c tnh theo cng thc: N = ; l hiu sut bm; = 0.tl.ck. 1000. Trong 0 l hiu sut hao ht ca cht lng, 0 = 0,9; .tl l hiu sut thy lc, chn .tl = 0,85; ck l hiu sut c kh, chn ck = 0,95; vy = 0,9.0,85.0,95 = 0,726; Q l lng nc lm lnh cn bm trong 1 gi; l khi lng ring ca nc nhit tnh ton, g l gia tc trng trng. Phng n ch to v lp t Phng n ch to h thng thit b chng ct tinh du h i quy m nh c s dng l phng php hn TIG (tungsram innert gas u hn bng vonfram, hn trong mi trng kh tr argon) hoc hn bng cc loi que hn c chng OK 6330 ca Nht Bn hay Hn Quc. Nhng im chu lc xung yu ca ni chng ct, l nhng ni c cu to mt phng hay hnh chp ct, nh y n i v vai n i th nht thit phi c gia c gn tng cng. Gi thnh ca cc loi vt liu dng ch to nhng b phn chnh ca h thng thit b l rt cao, trong nc cha sn xut c m phi nhp ngoi, nn khng cho php c nhiu kt cu kiu mt bch, nht l nhng mt bch c kch thc ln (v d, theo tnh ton s b, nu lm mt bch cho thn ni vi ng knh ni l 1,2 m, th cng phi s dng ti 2 tm thp SUS 304
S =

c kch thc ti thiu 1,3 x 1,3m, dy 25mm, gi thnh 2 tm thp ny ln ti xp x 60 triu ng). Cc thit b chnh ca h thng chng ct TDH c ch to ti xng gia cng thit b, khoa cng ngh ha hc, trng H Bch khoa H Ni. Ni chng ct v thit b lm lnh sau khi ch to xong phi c kim tra p lc m bo an ton. H thng thit b chng ct TDH sau khi ch to c lp t ti x Yn Phc, huyn Vn Quan, t nh Lng Sn. y l a phng c ngun nguyn liu di do, ngi dn c nhiu kinh nghim chng ct TDH truyn thng, rt thun li cho vic kho nghim v chuyn giao cng ngh. Phng php kho nghim thit b Sau khi chy roda, h thng thit b chng ct TDH quy m nh c tin hnh chy 5 m kho nghim. M i m 300kg nguyn liu qu hi kh. xc nh hiu sut chng ct tinh du v nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca h thng thit b ch to, song song vi vic trin khai kho nghim, ti tin hnh chng ct cc mu nguyn liu kho nghim trong phng th nghim H N i. Mt s tnh cht ha l c bn ca cc mu TDH kho nghim c xc nh, hm lng cu t trans-anethol c xc nh bng phng php sc k. Cht lng TDH kho nghim c so snh nh gi vi cht lng TDH chng ct trong phng th nghim. nh gi tnh hot ng n nh ca h thng thit b, cc thng s u vo nh s lng v m nguyn liu, lng nc cho vo ni chng ct, cht lng nhin liu than v phng thc t l l ging nhau. KT QU NGHIN CU Cc thng s v tnh nng k thut c bn ca h thng thit b H thng thit b chng ct TDH c thit k, ch to v lp t hon chnh vi cc thng s k thut c bn sau: Ni chng ct: cng sut 300kg nguyn liu qu h i kh, ng knh trong 1,2m, ng knh ngoi 1,4m, phn thn n i cao 1,45m. C thot hn hp hi kh kiu vi voi. Phn thn n i, chp n i v vi voi c bo n bng bng thy tinh (rock wool); lp bo n dy 100mm. Pha trn y ni c thit k mt dn phn phi hi, nn c th c s dng trong trng hp chng ct bng hi nc. C 1 ca np liu pha trn, 1 ca tho liu pha di, 1 van x y, 1 ca hi lu dch ngng, 4 knh quan st mc nc. Ni chng ct c trang b: 1 can o nhit nhn hiu Omron, type E5CSZ-RIT, c s o t 0 999oC; 1 ng h p lc JIS B7505-1 JQA vi s o t 0 0,6 MPa v 1 van an ton SS, chu c p lc ti 10 kg/cm2 (p sut an ton c ci t l 4 atm). Thit b lm lnh: ng knh 0,35m, chiu cao phn thn 1,0m. Kiu ng chm, c 91 ng trao i nhit, vi thit din b mt trao i nhit 6m2. Nc c cp cho thit b lm lnh nh mt my bm J-100, cng sut ng c 0,75 kw, cng sut bm 4,2m3 nc/gi. Nc lm lnh sau khi i qua thit b trao i nhit s nng ln v li c lm mt tr li bng mt thp gii nhit c nh, nhn hiu Spacco SPC 15RT, cng sut ng c qut 0,5 m lc. Bnh phn ly: pha di hnh tr, ng knh 0,5 m, pha trn hnh chp ct, c lm bng thp khng r SUS 304. Cc b phn ca thit b phn ly gm: vch ngn, ca vo ca dch ngng v ca ra ca nc, 2 van ng x y, van x e, ng thy quan st mc tinh du v ca ly sn phm tinh du. Dung tch ca thit b phn ly ~ 80 lit.

Hnh 2. Mt trong nhng bn v lp Kt qu kho nghim

nh 10. Mt gc ca h thng thit b

Sau khi lp t, chy th, h thng thit b chng ct TDH quy m nh c chy kho nghim. Kt qu kho nghim c ghi trong bng 1. Bng 1. Kt qu kho nghim h thng thit b chng ct TDH quy m nh v so snh vi kt qu chng ct trong phng th nghim TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ch s kho nghim S lng qu hi* Lng nc cho vo ni ct Thi gian np liu Thi gian t si** Thi gian t 127oC N/ u vo ca nc lm lnh N/ u ra ca nc lm lnh V tnh Kg Kg Pht Pht Pht
o o

Kt qu cc m kho nghim M 1 300 300 120 150 180 21 42 M 2 300 300 125 143 175 23 42 M 3 300 300 115 156 184 25 44 M 4 300 300 120 150 180 24 43 M 5 300 300 120 150 190 27 45

C C

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

N/ u ra ca dch ngng Thi gian ct kit Lng than tiu th Lng TDH ct c Hm lng TDH ct c trn h thng thit b Hm lng TDH ct c trong phng th nghim Hm lng TDH thu c khi trch ly vi Etanol Hiu sut chng ct so vi chng ct trong phng TN Hiu sut chng ct so vi trch ly bng Etanol

35 48.00 280 32,4 13,65 14,26 14,66 95,72 93,14

34 48.15 295 32,0 13,48 14,04 14,45 96,04 93,29

35 48.30 300 32,6 13,73 14,33 14,72 95,83 93,26

35 48.00 283 32,3 13,61 14,16 14,58 96,14 93,35

36 48.15 290 32,5 13,69 14,27 14,68 95,94 93,26

Gi Kg Kg % KL k/ kit % KL k/ kit % KL k/ kit % %

* Qu Hi kh ( m tng i 21,20%) trc khi cho vo ni chng ct c ngm 24 gi trong nc lnh. ** Tnh t khi t l cho n khi khi th qu Hi + nc trong ni chng ct t 100oC. Tinh du Hi ca 5 m chy kho nghim c tin hnh th nghim nhm xc nh mt s tnh cht ha l c bn v hm lng cu t trans-anethol. Kt qu c th hin bng 2. Bng 2. Mt s tnh cht ha l c bn ca TDH kho nghim v TDH chng ct trong phng th nghim (ly gi tr min - max ca 5 ln th nghim) TT 1 2 3 4 5 Ch s T trng d25 Ch s khc x, nd25 Ti hn si im ng Hm lng anethol n v o g/ml o o

TDH kho nghim 0,9783 0,9826 1,5509 1,5541 194 - 201 17,32 18,21 88,07 92,55

TDH chng ct trong phng th nghim 0,9789 0,9831 1,5513 1,5552 194 - 204 17,47 18,41 87,61 92,87

C C

Tnh ton s b hiu qu kinh t Sau 5 m chy kho nghim, gi tr trung bnh cc ch tiu chi ph v li nhun thu v (cha k tin khu hao thit b) c ghi trong bng 3.

Bng 3. Gi tr trung bnh cc ch tiu chi ph v li nhun n v tnh: Nghn ng TT Cc ch tiu A. u vo 1 2 3 4 Tin mua qu Hi Tin thu cng nhn * Tin in Tin mua than Tng cng u vo A: B. u ra Tinh du Hi thu c Tng cng u ra B: Li nhun: (B - A) Kg 32 450 14.400 14.400 1.850 KW Kg 40 290 2,5 5,0 Kg 300 10,5 10.500 500 100 1.450 12.550 n v tnh S lng n gi Tin

Ngoi sn phm tinh du Hi, th b qu Hi sau khi chng ct c th phi kh v bn. Mi m thu c khong 260 280kg b kh. Gi bn b Hi hin ti Vn Quan l 3.500 /kg kh. Nh vy, m i m chng ct, ngoi tin li l 1.850.000 do tinh du mang li, ngi sn xut c th thu c thm khong 1 triu ng t b H i. So snh hiu qu kinh t vi l chng ct truyn thng (y cho gang, thn xy gch ca ng Nguyn Trung Tr x Yn Phc Vn Quan) v l chng ct ci tin (y v thn l lm bng tn hn, khng c bo n ca ng T, x Bnh Phc Vn Quan). Bng 4. So snh hiu qu kinh t n v tnh: Nghn ng TT A 1 2 3 4 Chi Mua nguyn liu qu h i Tin thu cng nhn t l Tin in Tin than Tng chi (A) 10.500 500 10 1.560 12.570 16.500 700 25 2.250 19.475 10.500 500 100 1.450 12.550 Ch tiu L ng Tr L ng T* H thng chng ct ca ti

B 1

Thu** Tin bn tinh du Hi Tng thu (B) Li nhun (B A) 13.500 13.500 930 20.700 20.700 1.225 14.400 14.400 1.850

* Dung tch ni chng ct ~2,1m3. ** Khng tnh khu hao thit b v khon thu t bn b Hi. KT LUN V KHUYN NGH Kt lun 1. H thng thit b chng ct TDH c thit k m bo cc yu cu k thut, c th ch to trong nc vi gi thnh thp. Thit b c kt cu n gin, d s dng v m bo an ton cao; 2. H thng thit b chng ct TDH quy m nh hot ng tt, gim t l tht thot v nng cao cht lng TDH; 3. Hiu qu kinh t mang li cao hn t 1,5 n 2 ln so vi cng ngh truyn thng. Khuyn ngh 1. Nghin cu hon chnh cng ngh v thit b, ch to vi s lng ln gim gi thnh v chuyn giao cho cc a phng c ngun sn phm H i tp trung nc ta; 2. u t nhiu hn cho xy dng m hnh ch bin cc loi sn phm t cy Hi.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

TI LIU THAM KHO Nguyn Bin, 1999. Tnh ton qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm, Nxb Khoa hc v K thut, tp 2, H Ni. Nguyn Bin, 2003. Cc qu trnh thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm, Nxb Khoa hc v K thut H Ni; tp 4. Nguyn Trng Khung, Vn i, 1992. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht, Nxb Khoa hc v K thut, tp 1. Nguyn Trng Khung, PGS.TS Vn i, 1999. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht, Nxb Khoa hc v K thut, tp 2. L nh Mi v CS., 2001. Ti nguyn thc vt c tinh du Vit Nam. Nxb Nng nghip H Ni. Nguyn Hu Tng, 2010. K thut tch hn hp nhiu cu t. Nxb Bch khoa H Ni. Nguyn Nng Vinh; Nguyn Th Minh T, 2009. Cng ngh cht thm thin nhin. Nxb Bch khoa H Ni.

DESIGN, MANUFACTURE STAR ANISE DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT ON SMALL SCALE Nguyen Van Duong, Vu Thi Hoang Phuong Non-timber Forest Products Research Centre, FSIV SUMMARY

Aiming to incrementally improve processing techniques and commercial value of Star Anise (Illicium Verum Hook), one of non-timber forest product tree, which had been widely cultivated in some northern provinces, the topic Design, manufacture and transfer a system of Star anise distillation equipment on small scale was successful in manufacturing and installing the distillation equipment in Yen Phuc commune, Van Quan district, Lang Son province. Its capacity is 300kg of dried material per batch. Based on old (traditional) distillating techniques, combined with advanced coolling and separating technologies, the new distillating equipment had obtained satisfactory results in decrease of product loss, increase of essential oil quality and saving fuel. Through test runs, each distillation batch gaves producers 1840000 VND interest. These are main properties of the distillation equipment: Operation principle: water distillation with reflux of condensate Furnace: made of fire-resistant brick and heat-resistant cement. Furnace beam made of C20 steel. There are two fire-grate sets, made of casting iron, one for fuel-wood firing, another for coal firing. Chimmey height is 8 m, with air choke valve on it. Distillation still: made of SUS 304. Input gate above and output gate below. A pressure gauge and a safty valve designed on. The distillation still is insulated by glass wool with thickness 100 mm. Above the distillation still designed a vapour distribution device, so it can be used in case of steam distillation. Cooling unit: shell and tubes heat exchange type, cooling surface area 6 m2. Cooling water is circulated by using a small cooling tower. Separating unit: based on layering of undissolved in each other liquids of different specific densities

Keywords: Manufacture, Equipment, Distillation, Trans-anethol.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF SMALL SCALE DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT FOR STAR ANISE Nguyen Van Duong and Vu Thi Hoang Phuong Non-timber Forest Products Research Centre, FSIV SUMMARY The tree, Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook), is an important non-timber forest product species which has been widely cultivated in northern provinces of Vietnam. Star Anise is a spice used in cooking and is used in traditional medicine. Star Anise also produces an essential oil. Traditional village distillation techniques have been considered inefficient in recovering the oil.

This project has manufactured and installed new distillation equipment in Yen Phuc commune, Van Quan District, Lang Son Province. The new equipment introduced new advanced cooling and separating technologies, increased product yield, improved essential oil quality and saved on fuel inputs. With a capacity of 300 kg of dried Star Anise, the new technology generated 1.840.000 VND in revenue per distillation. Main properties of the new distillation equipment: - Operation principle: water distillation with reflux of condensate - Furnace: fire-resistant brick and heat-resistant cement with 8 metre chimney with air choke valve, C20 steel furnace beam, option of two cast iron fire-grate for fuel-wood or coal firing. - Distillation still: Manufactured from SUS 304 with an input valve above and an output valve, pressure gauge and safety valve. The still is insulated with 100 mm glass wool. An additional feature is a vapour distribution device to permit change to steam distillation. - Cooling unit: 6 m2 heat exchanger with circulating cooling water through a small cooling tower. - Separating unit: Layering of undissolved liquids of different specific densities Keywords: Manufacture equipment, Distillation, trans-anethol.