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Welcome to my web site

I was 72 years old when this picture was taken. My life as amateur telescope
maker had come to an end, and my life as a retired person had started five years
before. The 10 “ telescope (picture) in the middle has got it’s permanent place in
my cottage 40 km away on Norways south coast. Here we can experience a
spectacular sight of myriades of stars on a clear, nightly sky in august and
september. In the city Skien where i live , the Milky Way is a seldom sight, due to
the disturbance from all light and pollutions from environment. For me is
astronomy still mighty and facinating, and marvellous pictures from space ,
thanks to the Hubble telescope, still keeps my curiosity and pleasure alive.

1. My private life

2. My 42 years in chem. research

3. Machine tools making was my hobby

4. Counting particles from space

5. My way to 180 000 volts

6. Making a Stirling engine

7. Antigravity in my basement

8. Grandfathers experiment , MP 3
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My private life

I lost my dear Elin in august 1998. I am 83 years old, living alone in my own
house, together with a beatiful cat . My son Kjell Erik and his wife Ingvil has
settled in Molde, a city about 600 km north of Skien. They have both their
physiotherapy education, partly working in their trade, partly in school-and
health department in Molde.
My three grandchildren Silje(28) Åsa (25) and Erlend (23 ) are still going
through their respective studies at NTNU (Norwegian Technical Nature-
scientific University, NTNU) in the city Trondheim.

We keep in good contact with e-mails and phone calls, and I get visits
from them as often their jobs and studies allow. Their vacations in
summer time is often used to visit our woderful cottage , laying only 100
meters from the seaside, with a magnific view out on the ocean. And it’s
only 40 minutes car driving from my home. Take a look :
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Alow me to present my family:

This is my son Kjell Erik Tveten, b 16.febr.1956

After his physiotherapy study in Bergen, he has


completed his education with Health Science as
Major Subject.
He works as independent physioterapeut , and has
even a function as Teaching Supervisor at Molde
High Scool, Health Division.

This is my daughter–in-law Ingvil Grytli, b


25.des.1956

After her physiotherapi study in Bergen, she


works partly as physiotherapeut, partly as
People Health Coordinator in Molde.

For the time she has started to complete her


education. Her final goal is a Master Degree ,
at the People Health Academy in Gøteborg.

This is my grandchild Silje Grytli Tveten, b


19.july 1981

Silje has studiet and worked with Graphic


Design, now preparing for a Master Degree in
Media, Communication and Information
Technology at NTNU in Trondheim. She has
been Art Director for UKAO 7, and is active in
Trondheims Kvinnelige Studentersangforening.
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This is my granschild Åsa Grytli Tveten, b


2.april 1984

Åsa goes through the Sivil Engineer Study at


NTNU in Trondheim, Energy and Environment
as major subjects. Plans to write a Master
Subject concerning Industrial Ecology. She
has been avtive in ISFiT and student revy
EMIL. Just returned from a years stydy at
Instituto Superior Téchnico in Lisboa.

This is my grandchild Erlend Grytli Tveten, b


26.september 1986

Erlend goes through the Sivil Engineer Study


at NTNU in Trondheim, for the time Nano
Technology. Earlier he studied Physics ans
Mathematics, and even Music Technology. He
had been very active in The Students Radio, in
their program “Unillustrated Science.”

Time has come to present myself, born


11.october 1925

Concerning my CV, take a look in the next link


:

42 years contribution in Norsk Hydro’s


Resarch Center at Herøya
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My 42 years in Norsk Hydro’s


Research Center at Herøya

After grammar school in Porsgrunn in 1944, I performed in 1946-47 my


military service in Norwegian Air Force, Comminication School, Lutvann,
Oslo). After that, I had three semesters at Stockholms Tekniska Institut,
Kemiteknisk Fackavdeling in 1948-49. I made an application for a job at
Norsk Hydro’s Resarch Center early in 1950, got an employment and
startet my carrier on the 1. april 1950.
First task was a practicability study of the Kroll process for the production
of a pure quality of titanium tetrachloride, based on the use of norwegian
Ilmenitt as a raw material for production of the intermediate product,
liquid titanium tetracloride.
Few years earlier the production of magnesium metal had startet in Norsk
Hydro. Gradually I was involved in this prosess on the raw-material side,
namely dolomit and sea water, where several problems needed better
solutions. Step by step I moved forwards in the process link, trying to find
best solutions in the pellet production, where a mixture of fine powdered
magnesium oxide was mixed with fine powdered pit coal, added a
magnesium chloride solution and forming hardening pellet. These were
dried and chlorinated, and a molt of liquid (600 ºC ) magnesium chloride
could be tapped and lead to electrolyse baths for the produvtion of
metallic magnesium. A very tough and contaminating process, creating a
lot of environmental problems, with emissions of i.a. mercury and
dioxines.
A completely new and much cleaner process was under developing at the
Research Center, where the Mg raw material was waste magnesium-
chloride brine from Kali Salz, Germany. We developed a brine cleaning
process in pilot plant, and a prosess for concentrating the purified brine
by using a vertical tube stock evaporator. This hot brine at ca. 200 ºC was
sprayed, first by nozzles, later in a special constructed sentrifuge. The so
called prills were dried in a fluid bed,and transportet as waterfree
magneslim chloride granules to the electrolysis baths.
This so called “Brine Process” was then realized in a new plant. After some
startup problems the regular production was a fact i 1980, providing 40 %
of the total metal production.
The “Brine Process” had great environmental advantages, and initial plans
for building a large plant in Canada was evaluated in 1987. This plant was
dimentionated for a yearly production of 60 000 tons Mg metal, and we
started a comprehensive work on estimations, calculations and
computations. The Mg-raw material this time was not a brine, but
Chinese Magnesitt rock (magnesium carbonate), which would be dissolved
in concentrated hydrochloric acid to achieve the primary brine.
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For me this involved a lot of pilot plant investigations, including not only
the chinese magnesite, but a lot of other imaginable qualities from other
places, all around the world.
The place for the plant became Becancour, close to the St.Lawrence river.
Due to several unlycky circumstances, such as a duty protection fra USA,
a serious budget overrun occured. Nevertheless, the plant was startet
and produced magnesium metal as anticipated.

But competition with cheap magnseium from numberless of dirty, badly


contaminating “backyard-plants” in China became a too heavy burden for
our new and environmentally friendly plant, and the whole plant was shut
down in 2007. Magnesium production at Herøya had long since been
stopped, This happened on 25.october 2001, and about 600 persons lost
their jobs. The cause : Profitability was too low they said, and our
general manager Erling Reiten in Norsk Hydro was no longer a popular
person for us.

On the 29. october 1992 my engagement in Norsk Hydro’s Research


Center ended, I was 67 years old, and my retirement was a matter of fact.
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The magnesium plant in Becancour

Machine tools making was my hobby

When the house was ready for my familys’s


entry in 1966 and we startet our new way of
living, the basement stood there, almost
empty. A tempting challenge for investments
in different kinds of machine tools could be a
future goal, but strict economy did not allow
for expences of that kind for many years. So
what to do ?
The answer was of course to build those
machines by myself, and so it started. I don’t
remember what came first, I guess it was the
band saw (1974) but not quite sure. Anyhow,
new machines showed up year after year,and
possibilities for “fine wood-working” in my little
basement workshop increased . Many kinds of
furniture for home and cottage in selected
woods was performed, to great satisfaction for
my wife, sometimes for my son and of course
for my self !
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Next machine was possibly the turning lathe for metals , getting later a
lot more of applacability when a frequency convertor was installed for
precise control of rotation speed.

A thicknesser ( 1985) was the next step , I


suppose. This one has become a quite
irreplaceable machine to get plane surfaces
out of sawn wood. And even the deep sound
from this machine is like a professional one.

I love her !

Next step got the name “long


saw” .(1988)
It has rolling support, high
speed blade, and cuts
almost everything, such as
coarce planks, all kinds of
plastics, thick aluminium an
even magnesium. Iron and
steel is not recommended,
due to high blade speed.
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And not to forget the


appliceable turning lathe for
wood (1983) For many years
turning of bowls was an
engaging hobby, and more
than fifty bowls of unlike
dimensjons, design and wood
type were created her, most
of them as gifts for
happenings.

Counting particles from space


In “Scientific American”, febr. 2001 Shawn Carlson gave a description for
how to build what he called a “cosmic ray telescope”. By using two home-
made, identical Geiger-Müller detectors, and using what is called a
coincidence coupling, it was possible to find the direction for particles that
had passed both detectors, i.e. a kind of a telescope for ionizing particles.
I got a spontaneous interest, this has to be tried !

Building two identical detectors caused


problems, evacuating and argon filling too, but
the necessary high voltage equipment (1500 v)
gave less problems. Cosmic particles from
above or radiation from small pieces of Uraninit
or Thorit was no problem, so
I had plenty of ionizing particles accessible.
But no pulses from the detectors could be
registered, neither directly nor from the
coincidence circuit. A long series of homemade
tubular GM-tubes were built and tried, but no
response. What to do now ? A good friend loaned me a GM –tube, and I
happily observed that my electronic circuits functioned quite well.
I had to resignate, GM tubes must be purchased from some where. On
Internet I found that Centronic Ltd. (Radiation Detectors Division) in
England had just the type i needed, and from their Mike Bates I got a
kindly e-mail , telling me about the complicated procedures for producing
relieable GM-tubes. I immediately ordered two GM-tubes ( ZP 1210), for a
total price of No kr. 2629,-.(about £ 260,-)
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The GM-tubes were mounted on a plawood


sheet, in a distance about 60 cm. They
could be turned around an axis parallell to
the axis of the earth. A pulse counter
(Velleman building kit) was incorporated,
and arrangements for amplifying and
letting the coincident pulses from the GM-
tubes move the membrane of a small
speaker, connected to a ball pen, writing a
curve on a rotating drum plotter (1 rot. per
day)

Now everything worked just as expected.

A serial of systematic observations


started, a timer put inn particle counting
4 min every hour, and so I let it go, day
after day. After a scrutiny of all the data
I had achieved, I had to realize the
following : Any spesific tendenses could
not be unfolded !
Variations on direction for incoming
coincident particles at moment time had
seemingly no effect on particle rate.
Particle presence at any time of the day
had seemingly no kind of incidental
system, in my opinion it all looked
arbitrary.

Not very uplifting for me !

The explanation turned up gradually: The


cosmic proton particles colllides with our
atmosphere, creating series of secondary
particles. Among these are positive and
negativer muons, beeing detectable at
ground level.

The figure shows what happens :


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The (yellow) muons are what I detected . They come in from unlike
directions, giving no identification of incomig cosmic particles direction.

Well, in any case I had a lot of interestingly planning, I met new


challenges, new knowledge and plenty of funny handworking during this
project. I do’nt regret anything, and muons are still my friends.

My way to 180 000 volts

My interest for high tension started when I was 12-


14 yars old. I got a coil from an old lorry, looking
quite differet from coils today. It had a vibrator for
pulsating the battery voltage to the primary coil.
From the secondary coils windings came a stream
of high voltage pulses, going to the spark plugs in
the motor. The voltage could be thousands of volts,
quite enough to give very painfull knocks in fingers.
This voltage could fill old radio tubes with a
mysterious blue light, very facinating to observe in
semi-darkness.

Later on, the interest for radio showed up, but without high tensions, and
not practicing as an radio amateur with home built transmitter.
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High tensions showed up again when I on Internet in 1997 found quite a


lot about building “Plasma Globes” by using a “flyback transformer” from a
scrapped TV , those who build up the lines on the screen.

Fare more fascinating however was what “tesal-saved nerdes” could tell
and show about their big and sofisticated tesla generators, produsing high
frequent, with sparks in the hundred-
thousand volts class. People like Kronjaeger,
Jochen and Stefan-Kluge cuntributed with the
most of it, and had a countless suggestions
on how to calculate, build and optimize their
tesla generators. Warnings and cautions for
fatal acccidents was often mentioned. Many
people believe that due to the high frequenc
the current would only pass the skin of a
human beeing, not giving any harm. The
truth is not so. The high frequence produced
by home made tesla generators will always
have a low frequent component due to the
use of a so called OBIT-transformer (Oil
Burning Ignition Transformer) , giving the wanted “starting voltage “ from
the house mains net.

The term tesla comes from the hungarian-american


inventor Nicola Tesla (1857-1943). He developed
the tesla transformer, the transformation of high
voltage, 3-phase elctricity over long distances is
credited Tesla and a long series of other inventions.
He was a genius of his kind, and the use, all over
the world of 3-phase motors from small to the
biggest was his greatest contribution to the
electrification of our civilization.
Litt.: : The inventions, researches and writings of
Nicolai Tesla , Thomas Commerford Martin, 1995.

Diagram for a simple tesla generator.


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ThThe OBIT transformer is the “mains xfmr”,nomally


delivering 10 000 volts from its secondary coil. Sparks will
arise between a circular group of copper tubes. I used 7
tubes with 28 mm outher diam. and 70 mm length.The
spacing between tubes are 0.6-0.8 mm. During operation
sparks will fill all these gaps, creating problematic heath.
The construction with sparks distributed over 40 cm lenght
of copper tubes solves this problem.

Cap is a high voltage condenser. Different principles for


such condensers are possible, but the simples way for
home building is to fill common bottles (redwine bottles,
700 ml are very fine) with a sodium chloride solution,
putting in a steel rod in the solution and seal the outlet,
and gluing aluminium foil to the outer side of the bottle.

The capacity for such a condenser will be about 0.8 nF. In my case I
coupled 5 bottles in parallell, and measured the total capacity to be 4.2
nF. Prim is primary coil in the diagram.

A very covnvenient design is shown here :


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The coil was made og 6.5 mm diam.(¼“) copper tube.

For maximum transferred effect from primary to secondary coil it is crucial


that frequency for these coils are as close as possible.

Arrangement for testing of


resonnans frequency for the
primary circuit.

A calculation of self inductance for the coils I used will be given here :

The angle α is30 º h= 11.5 cm (4.52”) W= mean.diam = R+½w = (7.5 + 20/2 = 17.5
cm (6.9”) n = 12 windings Calculated self induction (L) in μH (mikrohenry).

Lv = 6.92 x 122 / ( 9x6.9 + 10x 4.52) = 6856 / 107.3 = 63.8 μH


Lh = 6.92 x 122 / (8 x 6.9 + 11x 6.9) = 6856 / 131.5 = 52.3 μH
L= sqr(( Lv x sin α )2 + ( Lh x cos α )2) = sqr ( 1017.6 + 2051) = 55.4 μH

Resonnance freequency for my coil with a 4.2 nF (4200 pF) condenser


will be :

f = 103 / 2π sqr ( 55.4 x 4200) = 1000 / 6.28 x 464.6 = 0.343 ): 330 KHz

The vertical coil is the secondary in this system. Its self induction iwas
calculated as shown here :

L = h x n2 / 100 ( 10.0 + 0.43) = 7.6 x 9502 /


100 x 10.43 = 6576 μH eller 6.58 mH.
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The toroid at the top was later eplaced by a closed, 12 liters aluminium pot. The
coil has outher diameter of 7.6 cm, height 76 cm and 950 windings. The ratio
between winding height and coil diameter is her 76/7.6 = 10.

The surface area of the coil was calculated as shown here :

Ox = (7.6 x π x 950 x 0.08 x π ) = 5695 cm2. (wire gauge 0.8 mm diam.)

In practice only half of the vindings surface is estimate as capacity-giving. The area of a
sphere with the area (5695/2=) 2847 cm2 has a radius of r= sqr ( 2847/ 4π =) 15 cm.
Converted to capacity this will be (15/0.9=) 16.7 pF

Capacity for the big pot :

Total outher surface was 3234 cm2, which is eqivvalent to a sphere with a radius :
sqr(3234/ 4π =) 16 cm. Converted to capacity this is (16/ 0.9=) 17.8 pF.

Total capacity in the sec. circuit is ( 16.6 + 17.8 =) 34.5 pF

A calculation on the resonans frequency in the sec. circuit gives:

f = 103 / 2π sqr ( 6576 x 35.4 ) = 1000 / 6.28 x 482.5 = 0.330 ): 330 KHz

So far was my calculated resonans frequency for prim. and sec. circuits
exactly the same, giving high hopes for optimal results.

Well, I albeit met some trouble. The spark lengt was only 5-6 cm, corresponding
to 50-60 000 volts. I felt there was room
for higher potensials, and planned a more
serious investigation. With good advices and
support from my good friend Ottar, the
following equipment was acquired :

• A funcion generator (Voltcraft MXG-


9802A , Ebay)
• PC –scope from Velleman (PCS 64)
• An old computer (IBM Aptiva, bought
in 1994)

The procedure for my measurements was as


follows :

I made two “ loops” (a single turn isolated


wire) , and hang them up around the
vertical, secondary coil. The lower one was
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connected to the function generator, the upper to the PC-scope, which in turn
was connected to the computor. Distance between the loops was seemingly not
critical. The frequency was gradually endered/increased, and the amplitude I
registered on the screen gave a fine view of the signal. When a resonans
occured, an increased amplitud could clearly be seen.

The resonans frequency i found here was measured to be 328 KHz , in very
good harmony to my previous calculations. I got sparks about 16 cm length,
i.e. about 160 000 volts.
Raising the mains voltage from 230 to 250 volte gave a spark lengt of 18 cm,
corresponding to 180 000 volts.
The picture shows how my Tesla generator looks today in activity. Not so very
impressive, but I promise you, the spark is highly dangerous to touch. It spark
has a sharp, hissing sound, and the smoke detector is affected, making
additional noise in my basement.

Perhaps it could be funny to enlarge to higher tensions and getting more “show”
out of it, but my basement headrom is only 210 cm. No place for such
adventures for me.

Tesla-nerds in USA use big garages and halls to try out their large vonders, and
find it very amusing taking pictures beeing in the midst of their impressive
sparks . But such pictures are of course double-exposured !

Making a Stirling Engine


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The Stirling engine


is a heat engine
whose heat-excange
process allows for
near ideal efficency
in conversion of
heat into mechanical
movement Robert
Stirling ( 1790-
1878) was the
inventor.
At the end of the
20th century there
was worldwide
about 250 000
Sterling engines in use. Today, with with growing ecological conscience
and ever-rising fuel costs, the undemanding and quiet Stirking engine is
attracting renewed interest.

Take a look at the diagram given, the Stirling motor principle is quite
simple ,isn’ it ?

I found lots of detailed descriptions about practical solutions on Internet,


also showing a great diversity of constructions. Juste take look below :

The most simple and funny version is perhaps the “Coffe-cup” :

The amateur built version looks often


something like this :

-
-

and a proffesional one looks like this


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Stirling engine and generator set with 55 kW electrical output, for


combined heat and power applications.

What a challenge for me ! This had to be tried, no doubt about it !


The simplest version was nothing for me. A more advanced one could be
the best choise, and I started my planning. I will not bother you with all
details and problems i met on my way. Plenty of them popped up in my
construction, but gradually the engine got its ultimate form, and time was
ready for a startup.
But I’m sorry, I never succeded getting my engine to function,whatever I
tried to adjust and regulate. But believe me, I
was very,very close up to success. The engine
made 3-4 strokes, so it “died”, time and again .

What was the reason for my blunder?


Probably a little too small diameters to overcome
the frictions between sealing devices in my
“elegant” construction.
When piston-cylinder diameter increases with a
factor of 2, the steam-exposed area on pistons
will increase with a factor of 4 , and so also
necessary force to overcome friction due to
sealing devices.
The contact surface between piston and cylinder
will only increase with a factor of 2, letting forces
for moving pistons up and down to increase with
a factor of 2. Totally this means a doubling of
forces to overcome the friction. Hope I’m right !
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Antigravity in my basement

I guess everybody has felt some fascination looking at a spinning,


humming top, quite unaffected rotating in its own way, seemingly having
it’s own meaning of how to behave when you try to affect it’s stubborn
behavier. In a physics book you could find an explanation for this
phenomena like this :

“When trying to affect the spinning, the axis of a gyroscope will make a
movement perpendicular to the moment , trying to get it’s own spinning
axis parallell to the moment “ This cleared up everything, didn’t it ?

The gyroeffect comes into our lives in a lot of occations. In bicycling it


allows you to drop the handbars and still keep the balance, provided the
speed is suficcient. Apropos the bicycle, a wheel of this is the best to use
for getting feelings of the sinister forces in gyroeffect.
If you mount a handle at the outstanding axis on one side, takes a god
grip and put the wheel in quick rotation with your arm outstretched,
curious things happen. If you turn around your own axis, one of two
things happen : Either will your arm be drawn down, or it will be liftet up.
Which way depends of the direction you turn around.

When i obeserved this phenomena, I got an ingeious idé :

Give me two such wheels, one for each arm, and let me turn around my
own axis, both arms outstanding. Either I will feeel a lift of my body, or
feel my body beeing pressed down, dependent on the way of rotation.
Standing on a short, motor rotated bench with a steady foothold, and
correct turning direction for wheels and myself, I should feel a lifting force
upon my body ! And what if I let a rack take over my place, and put in
three motors for wheels and rack rotation ?

Could such a system rise from the floor ? Yes. it had to, no question !
This impossible trick, lifting oneself up in the hair was within rich, and the
physical laws for gravity had to be justified. The feeling of this possibility
gave me a feeling of both delight and freight. What to do next ?

Shortly after i read in New Scientist 20. oct. 1990 under the section
Review, with the title : Gyroscopes remain
the strangest of attractors, and a newly
published book Beyond 2001, The law of
physics revolutionized,
written by an englishman, Sandy Kidd.
immediately ordered this book, waiting
impatient for the book to come. With
shivering hands i opened it and started
reading.
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Kidd describes how he got his idea, building a machine to develop gravity
forces, able to lift itself up in the air. His book had no drawings or pictures
of his invention. The only thing to observe was on the cover of this book,
shown here.

His principle was seemingly exactly the same as I had in my thoughts,


namely two quick rotating flywheels, spinning around a common, vertical
axis. Kidds machine had a height of about 30 cm (one foot), and had a
small gasoline motor. In the first part of his book he gives a description of
what happened in his garage when he for the first time should start up his
machine. He had locked the door, wished his wife good night, and she
said to him : “You’ve nothing to loose, Go on”.

His machine was hanged upp with spanners as balancing counterweights,


and Kidd started the motor. The rotational speed could be regulated by the
trottle, and the max.speed was about 9000 rpm. He increased the speed,
step by step. What Kidd now experienced gave him a creepy feeling :
His machine suddenly startet to arise to a certain level with a wail, fully
challenging gravity. Kidd loosened spans, one by one, unil he had removed
about 250 g (8 ounches) Then his machine started to lower.

Kidds efforts to getting help for explanation and further development is


well described in his book, but no person, even highly qualified in physics
could give him any satisfactory explanation of his adventure.

The interest for realizating my own idea was


further strengtened, but in quite a different
way than Kidd did. My two bicycle wheels was
of course used, beeing turned around by
identical sewing- machine motors. A third,
some stronger motor turned the whole system
around. Speed of motors could to some extent
be regulated. And my big “clue” was :

The machinery rested on three bathroom


scales !

Would I get a glimpse into the mysterious


gyroscopic heaven like Kidd, or would it all go down to the dogs ?
I’ll tell you this now :

I startet the wheels, got them spinning with moderate shaking. Lifting
forces were still lying in wait. So motor C was gently started, continiously
viewing my bathroom scales. The machinery began shaking, and the
reading on scales became more and more blurred. The vertical axis
speed increased, and gradually I felt that a formidable crasch might occur
at any moment. The scales was impossible to read off, due to the
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vibrations. Of cours I colud let the whole ting go on to the bitter end, and
experienced a horrible and complete crash, but instead I resignated and
stopped the show.
Later on I have done some philosophy around these events. For the first:

• Had Kidd in his garage really observed what he describes ?


• Was it only free fantasy, or somerhing he only believed happened ?
• If he told the truth, why could’nt he later reproduce his experiment

I find no reason to doubt when he tells about qualified persons tatements,


that no one were able to disprove his observations.

Kidd wrote about it : “ the device gave a final, excrutiating howl and
glided upwards until it howered three inches above the worktop”
He writed later the following : “perhaps it had someting with harmonic
resonans in the system to do “.

Perhaps Kidd’s machine operated in a border land of physics when his


machine suddenly rised. At least two things lacks:

• A physical/matematic theori that could calculate necessary speed


and material strength that appears.
• The choise of right materials, shape /construction .

My little philosophy : Only a spinning giro can show us the right way to
go, regardless to its surroundings. . They never mistakes in their strange
co-operation with inner structure of the universe, because their forces are
part of it.

Did you ask what happened to my machine ? Sorry, it was disassambled,


and no pictures were taken. Probably I felt a kind of shame. A picture of
the sewing motors on the light-metal construction was however taken :
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Skien, 21. mars 2009

Kjell W. Tveten

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