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OB NOTES

October 3, 2012 October 31, 2012

AN INDIVIDUAL VALUE SYSTEM IS RANKED ON WHAT WE VALUE MOST. VALUES HAVE THE TENDECY TO BE STABLE AND THEY GENERALLY INFLUENCE OUR ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR. Values tend to be stable. Therefore predict the reaction of our employees when we have an understanding of our employees. Values lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation. Many of our values were establishes in our early years, from our parents, teachers, friends and environment.

One of the framework in which we study values is: Rokeach Value survey- this is an which contains two sets of values, it speaks of terminal values and instrumental Terminal Values- Goals that an individual would like to achieve during his lifetime Instrumental - refers to the behaviours which helps us to achieve our terminal values The research shows that values varie across Generation within the workforce. Generation baby Boomers The next generation would be generation X- They would have entered the workforce in the 1980s The next generation would be generation next- entering the workforce after 2001 Values differs across cultures, therefore it is important to understand the differences in order to explain and predict the behaviour of employees from different countries. One of the most widely used approaches for analysing differences among culture has been done by Geert Hofstede. He uses five dimension of value to assess national culture. 1. Power dimension 2. Individualism vs. Collectivism.

3. Masculinity vs. Femininity some values are considered feminine like and some are masculine like. A country that values money are considered masculine and a country that values relationship and nurturing are considered feminine 4. Uncertainty Avoidance- how much does the culture avoid uncertainty 5. Long-term vs. Short-term orientation- USA ranked the highest on individualism (persons prefer to work by themselves rather than in group) Asian culture ranked the highest on colectivity Gremany and Hong-Kong rank the highest on masculinity Russia and Netherlands ranked low in masculinity

Long term orientationChina and Hong-Kong have cultures of long term orientation

Short term orientationFrance and USA have cultures of short term orientation

Globe
Global leadership and organizational behaviour effectiveness- it involved 825 organizations in 62 countries. Assertiveness was included in the research. It is an extent to which a society encourages people to be tough confrontational, and competitive vs. Being moderate and tender. 2. 3. 4. 5. Future dimension Gender differentiation Power distance Individualism and collectiveness

6. In-group collectivism- the extent to which members takes pride in small groups such as their families and close friends as well as the organization to which they are employed Individualism vs. Collectivism is about the degree to which individuals are encouraged by societal institutions to be integrated into groups within organizations and society Uncertainty Avoidance Performance Orientation

Humane Orientation

Person- Organization fit is most important for an organization in a dynamic and changing environment. Employees are often more rewarded when their personal values match those of the organization the most important to managers is Person-Organization fit

Tutorial
Values in the Rokeach Survey Terminal value 1. A comfortable life (a prosperous life) 2. Family Security 3. Happiness 4. A sense of accomplishment 5. Freedom Instrumental Values Ambitious (hardworking & work smart forgiving, hard working honesty, humidity, friendly self reliant, motivated, focused courageous, bravery, capable, independent

Categories of Executive vs. The Union leader EXECUTIVES Terminal Values Happiness- ranks #5 A sense of accomplishment ranks #4 Freedom ranks- ranks #3 Instrumental Values Independent Ambitious Capable

Family security ranks #2 Self respect ranks #1

Responsible Honest

Union Member Terminal Values Happiness-rank #3 Mature love- ranks #5 Freedom- ranks- ranks #2 Family security ranks #1 Self respect ranks #4 Instrumental Values Courageous Capable honest Responsible Independent

GENERATIONAL VALUES GENERATION (COHERT) YR OF ENTRY TO THE WORK-FORCE APPROXIMAT E CURRENT AGE 66+ DONINANT WORK VALUES

VETERANS

1950- 1964

LOYAL TO THE ORGANIZATION SUCCESS LOYALTY TO CAREER, DISLIKE AUTHORITY

BABY BOOMERS

1965- 1985

45+

GENERATION

1986- 2000

30+

WORK LIFE BALANCE TEAM ORIENTED

GENERATION NEXT / Y

2000- PRESENT UNDER 21

SELF RELIANT BUT APPRECIATE THE VALUE OF TEAM WORK. FININCIAL SUCCESS LOYAL TO SELF AND RELATIONSHIPS

OCTOBER 31, 2012 Emotion and Moods What are emotionsemotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.

There are 3 aspects to emotions. 1. Affect- what happen in our mind (brain) 2. Emotion- what we think, which influence what we feel, which the affects our behaviour. Eg, of positive emotion are excited, love, like Eg of negative emotion are disappointed, hate 3. BehaviourMoods are fleety. You could be happy one minute and the next minute you are happy. Moods are more temporary that emotions. Things that affects our Emotion and Moods 1. Our personality impacts out moods and emotion 2. The day of the week and the time of the day- research shows that most people are in bad mood at the beginning of the week, and are more happy at the end of the week 3. The weather- people who live in colder climate experience more negative emotion are are more likely to commit suicide. 4. Stress 5. Social Activities sleep and Exercise- if we have too little or too much interactions engaged in, it might cause negative emotions. 6. Age- your negative motions will get less as you get older. 7. Gender- women are considered to be grumpier than men

Felt vs. Displayed emotions Felt and displayed emotion are often times different because the role that employees play may require them to display behaviours that mask their true feelings. There are five dimension of Emotional intelligent 1. Self awarenessit is possible to work with others if you are aware of your

personality. We can control our emotion in situations. 2. Self management- we need to learn how to put aside our personal issue when you get to work. ( leaving problems we have at home at the gate of the workplace) 3. Self Motivation- you have to dig deep in yourself to keep going. Dont let someone get you upset. 4. Empathy- being able to put ourselves in other persons position 5. Social skills- it involves being courteous and listening to others.

How can the emotion stability of the employee affect the organization?

Groups and Teams. What is a GroupA group is a collection of persons (usually 2 or more) who have come

together who interact and are interdependent in order to achieve particular goal. Groups can be either formal or informal There are 2 types of formal groups1. Comand 2. Task group

There are 2 types of informal groups 1. Friendship groups 2. Interest Groups

A work team generates positive synergy through coordinated effort, where the individual effort of team members result in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of those individual efforts. There are 4 types of Teams 1. 2. 3. 4. Self managed Team Problem Solving Team Cross Functional Team Virtual Team

Reasons why persons joins groups: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. security status affiliation self esteem Power

6. Goal Achievement

The difference between group and team 1. For a work group no joint effort is required and a team requires coordinated effort 2. The work group interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions which will help group member to perform within his or her area of responsibility.

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