StandardbyPeoplesRepublicofChina EvaluationStandardforGreenBuildings

GB/T503782006

ArticlesInstructions

Index
1Generalprinciple23 3Basicregulations25 3.1Basicrequirements25 3.2Evaluationandclassification25 4Residentialbuildings27 4.1Landsavingandoutdoorenvironment27 4.2Energysavingandutilization34 4.3Watersavingandwaterresourcesutilization41 4.4Materialssavingandmaterialsresourcesutilization48 4.5Indoorenvironmentquality53

4.6Operationmanagement57 5Publicbuildings61 5.1Landsavingandoutdoorenvironment61 5.2Energysavingandutilization66 5.3Watersavingandwaterresourcesutilization73 5.4Materialssavingandmaterialsresourcesutilization80 5.5Indoorenvironmentquality84 5.6Operationmanagement90

1GeneralPrinciple
1.0.1Buildingactivitiesisoneofhumansmostinfluentialactivitiesonnatural resourcesandtheenvironment.Ourcountryisnowinthephaseofrapideconomic development,rankingworldNo.1intermsofannualbuildingvolume,with significantlygrowingconsumptionofresourcesyearbyyear.Therefore,scientific developmentphilosophymustbesteadilycreatedandseriouslyimplemented,and theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentmustbeadheredto,tostronglydevelop greenbuildings.Whendevelopinggreenbuildings,statetechnologicandeconomic policiesthatsaveresourcesandprotectenvironmentshallbeimplementedand performed.Thepurposeofformulatingthisstandardistoregulateevaluationon greenbuildingsandpromotethedevelopmentofgreenbuildings. 1.0.2Duetodifferentfunctions,differenttypesofbuildingshavebigdiscrepancy intermsofresourceconsumptionandeffectonenvironment.Consideringcurrent constructionmarketinourcountry,thisstandardwillmainlyevaluateresidential buildingsthatarehugeinquantitiesandpublicbuildingsthatconsumemuchenergy andresources,likeofficebuildings,mallbuildingsandhotelbuildings.For evaluationonotherbuildings,thisstandardcanserveasreference. 1.0.3Abuilding,fromtheinitialplanninganddesigntoconstruction,operationand finaldemolition,formsacompletelifecircle.Focusingonbuildingscompletelife circle,meansthatenvironmentrelatedfactorsshallbefullyconsideredandutilized intheplanninganddesignphase,andalsothateffectonenvironmentshallbe minimizedinconstructionphase,andthathealthy,comfortable,lowconsumption, harmlessspaceshallbeprovidedforpeopleintheoperationphase,andthatthe harmtoenvironmentshallbeminimizedafterdismantling.Forgreenbuildings,it requiresthatinthecompletelifecircleofthebuildings,energysaving,landsaving, watersaving,materialssavingandenvironmentprotectionshallbeperformedas optimallyaspossible,andalsothatbuildingfunctionsshallbesatisfied.Sometimes

therewillbecontradictionbetweenthese.Forexample,waterisusedtoomuchfor thepurposeofbeautifyingtheenvironment,ormaterialsareconsumedtoomuch onlyforsavingenergy,bothofwhicharenotinlinewithgreenbuilding requirementswhiledecreasingthebuildingsfunctionalrequirementsand availabilityisalsonotwhatgreenbuildingsrecommend,thoughitcanconsumeless resources.Thecontradictionsbetweenthefivefactors,namelyenergysaving, landsaving,watersaving,materialssavingandenvironmentprotection,mustbe comprehensivelyconsideredandproperlyhandledwithinthecompletelifecircleof thebuilding,andmeanwhileapplicationofinformationtechnology,intelligence technology,andgreenbuildingsnewtechnology,newproducts,newmaterialsand newtechniquesshallbeemphasized. 1.0.4Thereishugedifferenceinclimate,geographicenvironment,natural resources,economicdevelopmentandsocialcustomsindifferentregionsinour country,soinevaluationofgreenbuildings,differentlyregionsshallbeviewed respectively,takingregionalspecialtiesintoconsiderationbasedonfact,andthe climate,resources,naturalenvironment,economyandcultureoftheregionwhere thebuildinglocatesshallbefullyconsidered. 1.0.5Laws,regulationsandrelatedstandardsinaccordancewithstaterequirement areprerequisiteforgreenbuildingevaluation.Thisstandarddoesntcoverall commonfunctionalrequirementsofbuildings,butitemphasizesonevaluationof whatisrelatedtofunctionsofgreenbuildings,whichmainlyincludetheaspectslike energysaving,landsaving,watersaving,materialssavingandenvironment protection.Sobasicrequirementsofbuildings,suchasstructuralsafetyand firepreventionsafetyarenotincludedinthisstandard.Todevelopgreenbuildings andbuildafrugalitystylesociety,theconceptofconsolidationofruralandurban areasaswellasrecyclingeconomymustbepromoted,withparticipationofthe wholesocietyincultivatingpotentialsofenergysaving,landsaving,watersaving andmaterialssavingofbuildings.Economicsshallbeemphasized,andeconomic benefitsandcostshallbecalculatedintheviewofthecompletelifecircleof buildingsandinlinewithmarketdevelopmentdemandandregionaleconomic situation.Frugalityshallbepromotedagainstwasteandextravagance,inorderto realizeunificationofeconomic,socialandenvironmentalbenefits.

3BasicRegulations
3.1BasicRequirements 3.1.2Thisstandardisapplicabletoevaluationonexistingresidentialbuildings,and threekindsofpublicbuildings,i.e.officebuildings,mallbuildingsandhotel buildings.Andevaluationonnewlybuilt,expandedorreconstructedresidential

buildingsandofficebuildings,mallbuildingsandhotelbuildingsbelongingtopublic buildings,shallbeconductedinoneyearafterturnovertothepropertyowner. 3.1.3Greenbuildingsrefertothebuildingswhichcombinesresourcessavingand environmentprotectionwithinthecompletelifecircle.Andalthoughexcess utilizationofasingletechniquecanimproveperformanceincertainaspect,itmay resultinnewwaste.Therefore,theeffectbetweenbuildingsize,buildingtechnology andinvestmentshallbeoverallevaluatedfromeachstageofthecompletelifecircle ofbuildings.Basedonthemainpurposeofsavingresourcesandprotect environment,takesafety,durability,economics,appearanceandotherfactorsinto generalconsideration,andcompareandconfirmoptimaltechnology,materialsand equipment. 3.1.4Increatinggreenbuildings,theplanning,design,constructionandfinalizing phasesshallbetakenundercontrol.Eachresponsiblepartyshallfollowthe requirementsofevaluationindicatorsofthisstandard,setgoals,clarify responsibilities,controltheprocesses,andfinallyproducereportsoncontrolover theprocessesofplanning,design,constructionandfinalizing.Thepartywhich appliesforevaluationshallsubmitbasicmaterialsregardingprocesscontrolfor evaluation,asrequiredbygreenbuildingevaluationinstitutes.Greenbuilding evaluationinstituteswillanalyzethebasicmaterialsandissueevaluationreportsas onsiteprojectinspectionisconsidered. 3.2EvaluationandClassification 3.2.1Greenbuildingevaluationindicatorssystemreferstoacompletedescription ofgreenbuildingfunctionsaccordingtodefinition.Itcanbeusedtoevaluate differencesbetweenasbuiltbuildingsanddefinitionbasedgreenbuildingsinterms offunctions.Takeinternationalexperienceingreenbuildingevaluationsystemsas reference,emphasizeonenergysaving,landsaving,watersaving,materialssaving andenvironmentprotection,asfarasregional,economicandsocialsituationsof ourcountryareconcerned,andbuildaChinafeaturedgreenbuildingevaluation indicatorssystem. Greenbuildingevaluationindicatorssystemconsistsofsixindicators,viz landsavinganoutdoorenvironment,energysavingandenergyutilization, watersavingandwaterresourcesutilization,materialssavingandmaterials resourcesutilization,indoorenvironmentqualityandoperationmanagement. Currentlybasicdataforgreenbuildingevaluationinourcountryarenotsufficient. Forexample,asfordataofenergyconsumptioninproductionprocessofall buildingmaterials,emissionamountofCO2,fixedamountofCO2ofalldifferent vegetationandtrees,therelackscorrespondingdatabases,whichmakesthe standardforquantitativeevaluationhardtodefinescientifically.Asaresult,those

termsthatarenotmatureorimpossibletobequantitativenowwillnotbeincluded here.Asfurtherdevelopmentofrelatedbasicresearch,theevaluationwillbe graduallyimproved. Eachindicatorcontainscontrollingoptions,generaloptionsandprioroptions. Controllingoptionsaremandatoryconditionsforgreenbuildingsgeneraloptions andprioroptionsareoptionalconditionsforclassifyinggreenbuildings,whileprior optionsrefertothoseforgreatdifficulty,intensiveintegrationandhighdegreeof greencoverage. 3.2.2Therearetotally76controllingoptions,generaloptionsandprioroptionsfor residentialbuildings,wherethereare27controllingoptions,40generaloptionsand 9prioroptions.Asforpublicbuildings,therearetotally83controllingoptions, generaloptionsandprioroptions,wherethereare26controllingoptions,43general optionsand14prioroptions. Besidessatisfyingallcontrollingoptions,onestar,twostarandthreestarshallalso satisfytherequirementsofgeneraloptionsandprioroptionsinthelist. Whencertainarticleinthestandardisnotapplicabletotheconditionsofabuilding, liketheregion,climateandbuildingtype,thearticlecanbeexcludedfrom evaluation.Thentotaloptionsinvolvedinevaluationwillaccordinglybereduced, andrequirementforthenumberofoptionscanbeadjustedproportionally. Supposeinthelist,thenumberofgeneraloptionsforoneindicatortotalsa,and thatthenumberofgeneraloptionsrequiredbycertainstarlevelisb,andthenthe proportionisp=b/a.Whentherearesomearticlesthatareexcludedfrom evaluation,thenumberofgeneraloptionsinevaluationwilldecline.Forthiscase, adjustmentcanbemadeaccordingtothespecifiedproportionp,requirementfor thenumberofgeneraloptionsisadjustedto[numberofgeneraloptionsin evaluationp].Forinstance,thereare6generaloptionsfortheindicatorofenergy savingandutilizationforresidentialbuildings,andonestarrequires2general options,sop=1/3sincecentralheatingandairconditioningsystemisnotadopted, thenumberofgeneraloptionsinvolvedinevaluationisreducedto4,andinthis case,thenumberofgeneraloptionsrequiredforonestarisreducedto[4(1/3)], andtaketheresultof1,removingthemantissa.

4ResidentialBuildings 4.1LandSavingandOutdoorEnvironment
4.1.1Intheprocessofbuilding,theoriginalterrainofthelandshallbemaintained aswellaspossible,sothatadditionalinvestmentonflattingthelandand constructionworkloadcanbereduced,andalsodestructiononoriginalecology duetolandconstructioncanbeavoided.Thevaluabletrees,poolsandwater

systemsofthelandnotonlypossesshighecologicvalue,butinherithistoricaland cultureheritageoftheregionwherethelandislocated,andtheyarealsoimportant scenerysighoftheregion.Therefore,theyshallbeprotectedaccordingtorelated stateregulationsincludingUrbanGreenCoverageRegulations(No.100,State CouncilDirection,1992).Ifthereisindeedaneedtorenovatetheterrain,water system,vegetationandotherenvironmentalfactorsofthelandbecauseof constructionanddevelopment,aftertheprojectends,theconstructionpartywillbe inspiredtotakecorrespondingmeasurestorestorethelandcircumstance,reduce changestotheoriginalsurroundingsandavoiddamagetotheoverallurban environmentduetoexcesslanddevelopment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewinglandterrainmapsandrelated documents. 4.1.2Confirmationonconstructionsiteofgreenbuildingsisanimportant preconditiontodeterminewhetheroutsideenvironmentofgreenbuildingsissafeor not.Thisarticlewillbringrequirementsmainlyonsiteselectionforgreenbuildings andavoidancetodangeroussources. Asitsknownthatnaturaldisasterslikefloodandmudrockflow,cancausefatal damagetoconstructionlands.Accordingtorelatedinformation,radon,akindof colorlessandsmelllesscarcinogenthatmainlyexistsinsoilandstones,can generatehugeharmtohumanbodies.Electromagneticwaveradiationcangenerate twokindsofeffectonhumanbodes:oneisheateffectbyelectromagneticwave, andwhenhumanbodiesabsorbcertainamount,hightemperaturephysicaleffect willappearandfinallyleadstopathologicalchangeslikeneurastheniaanddeclinein leucocytetheothereffectisnonheateffect,andwhenelectromagneticwave affectshumanbodiesforalongtime,itwillcausephysicalchangeslikethoseon heartbeatfrequencyandbloodpressureandphysicaleffectslikeinsomniaand amnesia,whichhavebigeffectonpregnantladiesandfetusandinseriouscases canleadtofetusmalformationorabortion.Electromagneticwaveradiationhasno colornorsmellnorshape,anditcanpenetratethroughalotofsubstancesincluding humanbodies.Ifhumanbodiesareexposedtocertainamountofradiationthat crossesthesafelineforalongtime,cellswillbeinjuredorkilledinalargescaleand itcanleadtoaslewofillness.Therealotofpollutingsourcesthatcanproduce electromagneticwaveradiation,suchasTVbroadcasttower,radarstation, communicationtransmissionstation,transformersubstation,highvoltagewires,etc. Plus,inoildepots,gasstationsandtoxicmaterialworkshops,thereexist possibilitiesoffires,explosionandtoxicgasleakage.Hence,inselectionofsites forgreenbuildings,relatedstatesecurityregulationsmustbeabidedby. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingsiteinspectionreportsand rationalityofreplyingmeasures.

4.1.3Atpresent,itfrequentlyappearsthatuseofresidentiallandpercapitaexceeds relatedstatestandards,whichisagainstrequirementsonlandsaving.Sothe indicatorofmaximumusageoflandpercapitaisputforwardhere. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 4.1.4Indoorandoutdoorsunlightenvironment,naturaldaylightingandventilation conditionsforresidentialrelatedbuildings(includingresidentialbuildingsand correspondingpublicbuildings)arecloselyconnectedwithindoorairqualityand outdoorenvironmentquality,andtheyaredirectlyaffectingliversmentaland physicalhealthaswellaslivingquality.Toguaranteebasicsunlight,daylightingand ventilationconditionsforresidentialbuildings,thisarticlearguesthatrequirements onsunlightstandardsforresidentialbuildingsinGB50180ofRegulationson PlanningandDesignofUrbanResidentialAreashallbesatisfied. Whenperformingunderthisarticle,thefollowingitemsinrequirementsonsunlight standardsforresidentialbuildingsinGB50180ofRegulationsonPlanningand DesignofUrbanResidentialAreashallbepreciselyunderstood: 1. Beclearofdefinitionofsmall,mediumandbigcities.ArticlefourinCity PlanningLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChinastipulates:bigcityreferstoa citywhereurbanpeopleandnonpeasantsinnearbyoutskirtscomeuptoa populationofmorethan500,000mediumcityreferstoacitywhereurban peopleandnonpeasantsinnearbyoutskirtscomeuptoapopulationbetween 200,000and500,000smallcityreferstoacitywhereurbanpeopleandnon peasantsinnearbyoutskirtscomeuptoapopulationoflessthan200,000. 2. Residentialbuildingsforoldfolksrefertotheresidentialbuildingsthatare speciallydesignedforoldpeopleandtheirdailylives,andthatareinlinewith theirpsychologicalandphysicaldemand.Thesebuildingsincludeoldfolks houses,oldfolksapartments,oldfolkshome,etc.Oldpeoplesphysiology, lifestyleandtheirhealthneeddeterminedthelimitationoftheirmovementand theirspecialdemandfortheenvironment.Soallfacilitiesforoldpeopleshall besetathigherstandards.Meanwhile,therearenoadditionalconditionswhen carryingoutthisregulation. 3. Asforsomefrequentissuesinbuildingdecorationandcitybusinessactivities, anyfixedoutdoorfacilitiesarenotinvolvedinoriginalplanninganddesignthat havebeenapproved,suchasnewlyaddedairconditioners,smallarticles, statuesandbillboards,shallnotlowerthesunlightstandardsforvicinal residentialbuildingsandhouses. 4. Sunlightstandardsfornewresidentialbuildingsundertheprojectofold quarterscanbeproperlylowered,whichmeansthestandardscanbelowered onlywhentheoriginalstandardsarereallyhardtomeetinoldquarters transformation.Atthesametime,toguaranteeresidentsbenefits,nomatterin

whatsituation,theloweredsunlightstandardsforresidentialbuildingsmust notbebelow1hourofsunlightinseverecolddays.Andmore,itsonly applicabletonewresidentialbuildingsundereachconstructionprojectsto properlylowerthestandard.Thesunlightstandardsforanyotherresidential buildingsmuststillabidebyrelatedregulations. Inregionslessthannorthlatitude25,itsbettertoconsidervisualhygiene requirement.Accordingtooverseasexperience,whenhorizontaldistancebetween tworesidentialbuildingsisnotlessthan18m,therequirementcanbebasically satisfied. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandsunlight simulationanalysisreports. 5. Nativeplantshavestrongadaptiveability.Plantingnativeplants canensurefertilityofplants,reduceinsectpestandeffectivelyslashmaintenance fees. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingplanninganddesignproposalsas wellasplantbreedingreportsandalsoverifyingthesite. 4.1.6Greencoveragerateisanimportantsigntoevaluateenvironmentqualityof theresidentialarea.Basedonplanningpracticeonresidentialareasinourcountry, whengreencoverageratehits30%,agoodenvironmentisinplace.Thisindicator willbedeterminedaftercomprehensiveanalysisofrelatedindicatorsandfeasibility connectedwithnumberoflayersinthebuilding,densityandspacebetween buildings. Greencoverageratereferstothepercentageoftotalgreencoverageareaintotal residentialarea(%).Allkindsofgreenareascontainpublicgreen,greenbeside residentialbuildings,greenaffiliatedtopublicservicefacilitiesandroadsidegreen (greeninsideroadredlines),includingroofgreenforundergroundor halfundergroundbuildingsthatarebuiltforcoveringsoilbylocalplantgreenand forresidentstogoinandout,excludingmanmadegreenonotherroofsandterrace. Percapitapublicgreenindicatorreferstoapreconditiontobuildarelaxationarea fordifferentresidentsintheresidentialarea,anditsalsoabasicconditionfor allleveldailyrelaxationactivitiesoftheresidentsandoptimizinglivingenvironment aswellasimprovingenvironmentquality.Therefore,accordingtorelated regulationsinGB50180ofRegulationsonPlanningandDesignofUrban ResidentialAreas,andconsideringthatresidentialareasmostlyconsistofliving quarters,arequirementthatpercapitapublicgreenindicatorshallnotbelessthan 1misrequestedhere. Layoutforpublicgreenshallfollowthestyleofcombinationofconcentrationand decentralization,bigandsmall,inordertomeetthedemandofdifferentresidents. Basicrequirementsforcentralizedgreenlandshallbesatisfied:widthisnotless

than8m,andareaisnotlessthan400m,inordertofacilitatesettingsof fundamentalfacilitiesinthegreenlandandsatisfyrelaxationneed.Publicgreenland shallsatisfytherequirementsonsunlightenvironment:thereshouldbenolessthan 1/3ofgreenlandthatisbeyondstandardshadowlineofbuildingstomakeiteasy forpeoplesoutdooractivities. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingplanninganddesignorwhether indicatorsofgreencoverageandpercapitapublicgreenisinlinewiththestandard, andalsowhethergreenlandlayoutislinewithrelatedregulationsongreenlandin GB50180ofRegulationsonPlanningandDesignofUrbanResidentialAreas. 7. Pollutingsourcesinthisarticlemainlyreferto:schoolsand playgroundsthatoftenproducenoises,foodstores,repairstores,boilerworkshops andgarbagetransferstationsthatoftengeneratesmoke,gas,dustandnoises.In Planninganddesign,layoutshallbeproperlymadeormakeproperisolationby meansofgreencoverage,mainlybasedonprojectnature. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthelayoutofplanninganddesign ortherationalityofreplyingmeasures,orinspectingtheenvironmentalindicators relatedwithnoises,airquality,waterqualityandlightpollutionafterputintouse. 7. Intheprocessofconstruction,theremaygeneratevariouspolluting materialsthatwillaffectoutdoorairquality,mainlyincludingdustfromconstruction andexhaustgasemission.Intheconstructiondesignproposalsubmittedbythe constructingunit,technicaltreatmentandproceduresthatcaneffectivelycontrol downthedusthavetobepresentedandactuallyimplemented,toreducepollution totheaircausedbyconstruction. Todecreasedamagetothesoilduringconstruction,allpossibleeffectonsoil causedbyvariouspollutionsourcesanddestructivefactorsshallberecognized basedonthefeaturesoftheconstructionprojectandsoilconditionsofthe constructionland,andcorrespondingmeasuresandactionsshallbeofferedto avoid,eliminate,mitigateerosionandpollutionagainstthesoil. Sewagefromconstructionsite,ifnotproperlytreatedanddischarged,willcause negativeeffectoncivicdrainagesystemsandwaterecologicsystems.Therefore, therequirementsinGB8978ofGeneralStandardonSewageDischargemustbe strictlyexecuted. Noisefromconstructionreferstothesoundgeneratedinthetimeofconstruction thatdisturbsthesurroundings.Noiseloweringmeasuresshallbeestablishedfor constructionsites,tomakenoiseemissionreachorbetterthantherequirementin GB12523ofNoiseLimitationforConstructionSites. Polarizinglightgeneratedfromelectricweldingonconstructionsitesandfloodlight usedinnightwork,isamainsourceoflightpollutioninconstruction.Construction unitsshallselectproperlightingmethodsandtechniques,toreducelightpollutionto

nonlightingareaandnearbyareaatnightasmuchaspossible. Tosetfencesinconstructionsites,theheightandmaterialsmustreachrelatedlocal requirements.Andsafetymeasuresshallbeadoptedtosecuresurroundingpeople andfacilitiesneartheconstructionsite. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddocumentsregardingthe controlinconstruction,includingthesubmittedenvironmentprotectionproposal writtenbytheprojectteam,documentsofpracticerecords(includingphotosand videos),selfevaluationreportsontheresultofenvironmentprotection,and certificationofstandardaccomplishmentonevaluationonenvironmentinfluencing factors,likedust,noisesandsewagedischarge,issuedbylocalenvironment protectionbureauorconstructioncommitteeorotherfunctionalauthorities. 7. PursuanttorelatedregulationsinGB50180ofRegulationson PlanningandDesignofUrbanResidentialAreas,correspondingpublicservice facilitiesinresidentialareashallincludethefollowingninefacilities:education, medicalcareandhygiene,culture,physicaleducation,businessservice,financial postservice,communityservice,civicpublicfacilitiesandadministrative management.Correspondingpublicservicefacilitiesinresidentialarea,referto thosefacilitiesforsatisfyingresidentsbasicphysicalandmentalneeds,andthey arealsoindispensableparttoguaranteeresidentslivingquality.Therefore,this articlerequestscorrespondingrequirements,mainlyaimingat: 1. Inrelatedprojectsforcorrespondingpublicservicefacilitiesinresidentialarea, complexbuildingscanbecentralizedtosavelandandprovideconvenience forresidentstoselectanduse,aswellastoimproveusagerateofthe facilities. 2. Thepublicfacilitiescorrespondingtomiddleschools,clinics,business settingsandcommunityclubs,canbreakupthescopeoftheresidentialarea andsharewithnearbyareas.Thiscannotonlysavelandbutmakeit convenienttouseaswellassaveinvestment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingwhetherthesettingofpublic servicefacilitiescansatisfyresidentsneedintheplanninganddesign,andwhether itiscomplementarywiththefacilitiesinnearbycities,andwhetherrelatedprojects areproperlycentralizedandset. 7. Fullyutilizingstillusableoldbuildingsisnotonlyanimportant measureforsavingland,butacontrollingconditiontoavoiddemolishmentand disorderedconstruction.Stillusableoldbuildingsrefertotheoldbuildings whosequalitycanensuresafetytouse,orthoseoldbuildingsthatcanensuresafety afterlittlerenovationandreinforcement.Asfortheutilizationofoldbuildings,they canberetainedastheplanningrequiresortheiroriginalnatureforusecanbe changedandincorporatedintotheplanningbuildingproject.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 4.1.11Surroundingnoiseisakeyevaluationpointasforgreenresidentialbuildings. Accordingtodifferenttypesofresidentialareas,currentnoisesituationaroundthe sitearerequiredtobeinspected.Andsurroundingnoisesaftertheplanis implementedarerequiredtobepredicted,tomaketheminlinewiththeregulations onsurroundingnoisesstandardsfordifferenttypesofresidentialareasinGB3096 ofSurroundingNoisesStandardsforUrbanAreas.Asfortheresidentialbuildings flankingtraffictrunklines,efficientsoundproofmeasuresshallbetakenfor streetsidewindowsandfences. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingevaluationreportsonsurrounding effectandonsitetestreportsafterrunning. 4.1.12Heatislandeffectreferstoaphenomenonthatthetemperatureinaregion (usuallyreferringtowithinacity)ishigherthanthatofnearbyoutskirt,whichcanbe indicatedbyheatislandintension,i.e.temperaturedifferencebetweentwo representativetestpoints(temperaturedifferencebetweenaplaceinthecityanda weathertestingpointinoutskirt).Thecomingofheatislandphenomenonin summernotonlyincreasesthechanceofsunstrokeofpeople,butmeanwhileforms pollutionofactinochemistrysmoke,anditwillalsoincreaseenergyconsumption forairconditionersofbuildings,generatingseverenegativeimpactonpeoples workandlives.Asforresidentialareas,duetotheinfluencecausedbythefactors intheplanninganddesign,likebuildingdensity,buildingmaterials,buildinglayout, greencoveragerate,watersceneryfacilities,heatexhaustfromairconditioners,heat exhaustfromtraffic,andheatexhaustfromfoodcooking,heatisland phenomenonmayalsoappearoutdoorinresidentialareas. Thefeatureofheatislandintensionisstrongestinwinter,weakestinsummerand moderateinspringandautumn.Thedifferenceofaveragetemperatureinurbanand ruralareasisaround1.Thisstandardadoptstheoutdoorheatislandintensionin typicalsummerdays(differenceinoutdoortemperatureinresidentialareaandthat inoutskirt,vizaveragedifferenceintemperaturesbetween8.00a.m.and18.00 p.m.)astheevaluationindicator.1.5isthecontrollingpoint,whichisbasedon theaveragevaluefromthetestoftemperaturesinsummerinBeijing,Shanghai, Shenzhen,etc.forlotsofyears. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingheatislandsimulationforecast analysisreportsoronsitetestreportsafterrunningintheplanninganddesignfor theresidentialarea. 4.1.13Theseyears,theissuesregardingrewindandsecondwindgraduallycome intobigshape.Becauseofimpropersinglebuildingdesignandmasslayout,there arealotofcasesthatpassengersfindithardtowalkorstrongwindblowsoffstuff breakingglass.Asresearchresultindicates,ifthespeedofwindabove1.5mfrom

thegroundinwalkingareanearbuildings()is5m/s,itwillnotaffectbasic requirementsforpeoplesnormaloutdooractivities.Plus,badventilationwill seriouslypreventairflow,andcreatewindlessareaoreddyingareainsomeregions, whichisveryharmfultooutdoorheatexhaustandpollutiondispersion,soitshall beavoidedtothebestofabilities.Winterwillbetheseasonformajorevaluation, sinceformajorityofcities,mostcasesthatwindspeedisaround5m/shappenin winter. Naturalventilationinsummerandtransitionalseasonsisveryimportantforenergy savingforbuildings.Andmore,itsinvolvedwithcomfortofoutdoorenvironment. Notonlyhotandpoorenvironmentforlargeoutdoorplacesinsummerwillaffect thesenseofcomfort,butwhenthetemperatureexceedsultimatelimit,longtime staywillcauseuncomfortablenessorevensunstrokeinalargeproportionof people. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingwindsimulationforecastanalysis reportsoronsitetestreportsafterrunningintheplanninganddesignforthe residentialarea. 4.1.14Plantstobeplantedshallrepresentlocalfeatures.Arborisanecessary speciesofplantsformultigreencoverage,sinceitcannotonlyprovidegood conditionsforresidentstoshelterfromsunshineandrelax,butimproveecologic environmentoftheresidentialarea.Ifchoosingsingleandbiglawn,itwillcost muchinmaintenanceandtheecologicperformancewillnotbegood. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingwhethermultigreencoverageis adoptedandwhethernumberofplantedarborreachesstandardintheplanningand designorafteractualplanting. 4.1.15Priordevelopingpublictransportationisanimportantreplyingactionto solveurbantrafficproblems.Tomakeitconvenientforresidentstochoosefrom publictransportationtools,inlandplanning,itshallbeemphasizedthatdirectional settingofaccesstoresidentialareasisflexiblyconnectedwithurbantransportation network. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingwhetherthewalkingdistance betweenthelandandbusstationsreachesthestandardandwhetheritsflexibly connectedwithnearbygroundtransportation. 4.1.16Enhancingwaterpenetrationabilityoflandcangraduallymitigateincreasing temperatureinurbanandresidentialareasanddrynessintheclimate.Anditcan alleviateheatislandeffect,adjustmicroclimate,increasetheretentionofrainwater andgroundwaterfortheland,improveecologicenvironmentandreinforce undergroundpermeableabilityofnaturalrainfall,supplementgroundwater,diminish groundsubsidencecausedbydeclineinwatertable,mitigatetheloadofdrainage systems,decreasepeakradialrainwaterflowandimprovedrainageperformance.

Thisarticleadvancesrelatedregulationsontheareaofwaterpenetration.Thelands ofwaterpenetrationmentionedinthisarticleincludenaturalbareland,publicgreen land,greencoveragelandandthehollowedandplankedlandwhosehollowedarea equalsorexceeds40%(likesodbricks).Landofwaterpenetrationratiorefersto theproportionoftheareaoflandofwaterpenetrationintotaloutdoorfloorarea. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingwhethertheareaoflandofwater penetrationreachesthestandardintheplanninganddesignproposalandwhether theadoptedmeasuresarereasonable. 4.1.17Developmentandutilizationofundergroundspaceisamajoractionfor urbanlandsaving,anditsoneofthemeasuresthatlandsavingpromotes.Itshall benoticedthatinutilizingundergroundspace,theissuesregardingflexible connectionofundergroundaccessandoverground,ventilationandantileakage shallbeproperlyhandledcombinedwithlocalactualsituation(liketheheightof watertable). Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtherationalityofutilizationof undergroundspaceintheplanninganddesignproposal. 4.1.18Urbandesertedlandsincludenonconstructiveland(thelandsthatarenot usedyetornotavailableforuseduetovariousreasons,suchasbarerocks, stonegravelland,steepslope,subsidedland,saltandalkaliland,wasteland, swampland,desertedkilncave),warehousesandfactoryabandonedlands,etc. Theselandsshallbetheprioroptionforlandsavingforcities,becausethedeserted canbetransformedintobenefitstoimprovecityenvironment,andalsothereis basicallynoproblemsrelatedwithdemolishmentandremovalorsettlement,andits easytoacquiretheselands.Therefore,desertedlandsshallbepriorconsidered whenselectinggreenbuildingland,buttheoriginallandshavetobeinspectedor treated.Forinstance,astosteeplands,theyshallbedividedintoseparatestages andreinforcedastowarehousesandfactoryabandonedlands,testshallbedone onwhetherthesoilcontainstoxicmaterialsandrelatedtreatmentshallbeconducted beforethelandscanbeused. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewinglandsitetestreportsandthe rationalityofreplyingmeasuresinplanninganddesign. EnergySavingandUtilization 4.2.1Thequalityofthermalengineeringdesignandthermalairconditionerdesign forresidentialbuildingshasabigimpactonenergyconsumptionofbuildings. BasedontheaveragetemperatureinJanuaryandJuly,ourcountrysdomainof 9,600,000squarekilometers,isdividedintofivedifferentbuildingclimatezones,i.e. severecold,cold,hotinsummerandcoldinwinter,hotinsummerandwarmin winterandmoderatezones.Exceptmoderatezone,MinistryofConstructionhas
2.

issuedandimplementedenergysavingdesignstandardsrespectivelyforresidential buildingsineachbuildingclimatezone.Theenergysavingratiointheenergysaving designstandardsforresidentialbuildingsissuedbyMinistryofConstructionis 50%,whichmeansunderthepreconditionthatindoorthermalenvironmentremains thesame,heatingequipmentorairconditionersinnewandreconstructedand expandedresidentialbuildingsarerequiredtoconsumehalfenergy.Saving50%of energyisnottheultimategoalforenergysavingforbuildings.Inrecentyears,some provincesandcitieshavealreadyformulatedenergysavingdesignstandardsfor residentialbuildingsthatrequiremorethan50%ofenergysavingratio,basedonthe progressoflocalenergysavingworkforbuildingsaswellastheleveloflocal economicandtechnicaldevelopment.Therefore,thisarticleisincludedintheitems thatmustbeaccomplished. Requirementsonthermalengineeringperformanceoffencingstructurearethe primaryfundamentinenergysavingdesignstandardsforresidentialbuildings. Thermalengineeringperformanceoffencingstructureofresidentialbuildingsmainly refertooutsidewalls,roofs,floorheattransfercoefficient,heattransfercoefficient and/orsunlightshieldcoefficientofoutsidewindows,windowareavs.wallarea, buildingfigurecoefficient. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 4.2.2Asforthecentralairconditioningsystemsthatareelectricdriven,energy consumptionofcoolsources(mainlyreferringtocoolwaterunitsetandunitstyle airconditioner)isthemainbodyofenergyconsumptionoftheairconditioning system.Sotheenergyutilizationratioofcoolsourcesiscriticalforsavingenergy. Performancecoefficientandenergyefficiencyratioareoneofthemajorindicators thatreflectenergyutilizationratioofcoolsources.Therefore,performance coefficientandenergyefficiencyratioofcoolsourcesshallbeincludedintoitems thatmustbeaccomplished. Asthepersistentdevelopmentofconstructionindustryandfurtherpopularization ofairconditioners,Chinahasbecomeapowerfulmanufacturerofairconditioning equipment,andmostofworldclassbrandshaveestablishedjointventuresor whollyownedenterprisesinChina.Itgreatlyimprovedthelevelofqualityof machinerysets,andtheproductshavebeenwidelyappliedinallkindsofbuildings. GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthe PeoplesRepublicofChinaandStateStandardizationManagementCommittee released,onAugust23,2004,threemandatorystateenergyefficiencystandards, includingGB19577ofEnergyEfficiencyLimitationandEnergyEfficiencyClass forCoolWaterMachinerySets,GB19576ofEnergyEfficiencyLimitationand EnergyEfficiencyClassforUnitstyleAirconditioners,etc.Andtheregulations

wereimplementedfromMarch1,2005.Productsareclassifiedintofiveclasses accordingtoenergyefficiency,inthepurposeofcoordinatingwithimplementation ofenergyefficiencyindicationsystemofourcountry.Definitionofenergy efficiencyclassification:Class1isthegoalthatenterprisesstriveforClass2stands forthethresholdforenergysavingproducts(definedbasedonminimumlifecircle cost)Class3and4standfortheaveragelevelofourcountryproductsofClass5 arethosetobeeliminated.Thepurposeistoprovidedefiniteinformationfor consumerstohelpthemchoosetopurchaseandpromotethemarketof highefficientproducts. InGB50189ofEnergysavingDesignStandardforPublicBuildings,astate standardimplementedfromJuly1,2005,Article5.4.5and5.4.8,twomandatory articles,stipulatethelimitationofcoefficientofperformance(COP)incoolingof watercooler(heatpump)machinerysetsandthelimitationofenergyefficiencyratio forunitstyleairconditioners.Asfortheresidentialquarterswherecentral airconditioningsystemsareadopted,orresidentialbuildingswherethedesignof householdcentralairconditioningsystemsisalreadycompletedinthedesign phase,therequirementsonenergyefficiencyofcoldsourcesshallbethesameas regulationsonpublicbuildings.Specifically,comparingtothestandardof limitationofenergyefficiencyandenergyefficiencyclass,watercooler(heat pump)machinerysetsshalladopttherequiredvaluesinthestandardofList2 IndicatorsofEnergyEfficiencyClass:plunger/eddystyleadoptsClass5,and watercoolingandcentrifugalstyleadoptsClass3,andscrewunitsmachineadopts Class4inunitstyleairconditioners,Class4inthestandardofList2Indicators ofEnergyEfficiencyClassisadopted. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearecheckingdesignpapersandinstructionsand checkingtheenergyefficiencyvalueofinstalledequipment. 4.2.3Ifcentralheatingequipmentorcentralairconditionersetsareusedtoprovide heat(coldness)forresidentialbuildings,itwillbeinvolvedwithissuesregarding userpaymentonheatingandairconditionerfees.Asachargeableserviceitem,its necessarythatuserscanselfadjustroomtemperature,soasettingbywhichusers canselfadjustroomtemperatureshallbesetuphowever,chargesareassociated withhowmuchheat(coldness)usersconsume,asamainbaseforcharging,its necessarytohavemeasuringequipmenttocalculatetheamountofheat(coldness) thatuserconsumeaswellascalculationmethodstodeterminedistributionof payment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearecheckingtechnicalmeasuresrelatingtoroom temperatureadjustmentfacilitiesanddistributionofconsumedamountby householdinpapersandinstructions. 4.2.4Residentialbuildingsshape,headingdirection,distanceoflayers,window

areavs.wallareaandsunlightshieldmeasuresonwindows,willaffectnotonly externalqualityofthebuilding,butinternalqualitylikeventilation,daylightingand energysaving,etc.Asgreenbuildings,architectsshallbeencouragedtofullyutilize advantageousconditionsoftheland,andtrytoavoiddisadvantageousfactors, dedicatingtothedesignofthese. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 4.2.5Energysavingdesignandselectionneedtobemadeonallenergyconsuming systemsandequipment.Forexample,astotheresidentialbuildingsusingcentral heatingequipmentandairconditioningsystems,coldandhotwater(air)is distributedtousersbywaterpumpandfan.Andifimproperwaterpumpsandfans arechosen,theirconsumptionofenergywilloccupyaconsiderableproportionin thewholeheatingandairconditioningsystem.Relatedregulationshavebeenmade inArticle5.2.8,5.3.26and5.3.27inGB50189ofEnergysavingDesignStandards forPublicBuildings(implementedfromJuly1,2005),whichcanserveasreference forexecution.Theevaluationmethodsarecheckingthecalculatedlimitationof energyconsumptionintransmissionofthewaterpumpsandfansselectedinpapers andinstructions. Foranotherinstance,astoenergysavingrequirementsforwatersupplysystems: 1. Properzoningofwatersupplysystemsforhighbuildings.Lowzones fullymakeuseofthepressureofcivicwatersupply,andwhenhigh zonesuseloweringpressureandzoning,thereshouldnotbemorethan onezone,andwaterpressureforeachzoneshouldnotbemorethan 0.45MPa. 2. Asforresidentialquarterswherecentralizedhotwatersupplyisavailable, systemdesignisreasonableandeffectivewarmkeepingmeasuresare takentoreduceheatlossinhotwaterdistributionandrecyclingprocess. Itsrequiredthatthedifferencebetweentemperatureofservingwaterin thewaterheatingstationandthetemperatureattheleastusedtapisless than10. 4.2.6InArticle4.2.2,acontrollingoptionofthissection,itsbeenindicatedthat energyefficiencyofcoldsourcesisakeyindicatorofenergysavinginmachinery setoperation.Asrequiredbygeneraloptions,energyefficiencyofcoldsources shallbeoneclasshigherthanregulatedinArticle4.2.2,comparingwithGB19577 ofEnergyEfficiencyLimitationandClassforWaterCoolerMachinerySetsand GB19576ofEnergyEfficiencyLimitationandClassforUnitstyle Airconditioners. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearecheckingdesignpapersandinstructionsand checkingenergyefficiencyvalueofinstalledequipment.

4.2.7Inenergyconsumptionofresidentialbuildings,thatofilluminationalso accountsforahugeproportion,soenergysavingasforilluminationshallbetaken intoconsideration.Asthespecialtyofresidentialbuildingsisconcerned,room illuminationisinthechargeoftheindividualresidentandnoteasytointerferewith. Sothisarticlewillnotdiscussroomillumination.Illuminationinpublicplacesand partsofresidentialbuildingsismainlycontrolledbydesignandproperty management.Asgreenbuildings,energysavingissuesonilluminationinpublic placesandpartsmustbeaddressed.Therefore,thisarticleclearlyadvancesthe requirementthathighefficientlightsourceandlighteningtoolsareusedandthat measuresofenergysavingcontrolareadopted. Thereisnaturallightinmanypublicplacesandpartsofresidentialbuildings.For example,thereareexternalwindowsinstairwellsofmostresidentialbuildings.In areashitbynaturallight,timingorphotoelectriccontrollingfacilitiesshallbe equippedwithilluminationsystems,toproperlycontrolonoffofillumination systems,andmeetthepurposeofsavingenergywhileatthesametimeensuretheir availability. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 4.2.8Asfortheresidentialbuildingswherecentralheatingequipmentorcentral airconditioningsystemsareset,suchascentralfreshairandexhaustsystems. Becausethereisconsiderableamountofenergycontainedinexhaustairinthe heatingandairconditionedarea(orroom),whentechnicalandeconomicanalysis turnstobeviable,centralizetheenergymentionedaboveforrecyclinginorderto harvestremarkablebenefitsinenergysavingandenvironment.Asforthebuildings notequippedwithcentralfreshairandexhaustsystems,bidirectionalfreshairand exhaustventilationdeviceswithheatrecyclingfunctioncanbeadopted.Theycan notonlysatisfypeoplesrequirementonfreshairhygiene,butslashenergy consumptioninlargeamountonfreshairtreatment.Thiskindofventilationdevice usuallycombinesheatswitchequipment,freshairequipmentandexhaust equipmenttogether.Andsomeofthemcanbeinstalledonoutsidewalls.Dueto smallamountofair,theyareonlyapplicabletonotbigsinglerooms,whichbring somedifficultyindesignofverticalsideofbuildings.Buttheyarestrongly independentandapplicabletosingleroomsanotherkindofthisdeviceneeds additionalairpipestobeconnected,andthepositionsofentranceandexitofair alsoneedtobetakencareofindesign,andmeanwhileexcesspressureatthe exhaustpointoutsideofthedeviceaswellasrequirementonresistanceofairroute hastobepaidattentionto,andifnotsufficient,correspondingmeasuresshallbe taken.Becauseitsrelatedwiththeissueofrationalityintechnicalandeconomic analysis,thisisregardedasageneraloption.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 4.2.9ArticleTwoofRenewableEnergyLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina: Renewableenergystatedhereof,refertononfossilenergy,likewindenergy,solar energy,waterenergy,biomassenergy,geothermalenergy,oceanenergy,etc. ArticleSeventeen:Thecountryencouragesunitsandindividualstoinstallsystems usingpolarenergy,likeheatedwatersystemspoweredbysolarenergy,heatingand coolingsystemspoweredbysolarenergy,electricitygenerationsystemspowered bypolarenergy,etc. Consideringthecurrentsituationofrenewableenergyapplicationinbuildings,the applicationofpolarenergyisrelativelymature,anditmeanspolarenergyisapplied inwaterheatertoprovideheatedwaterandheatandalsogeothermalenergyis appliedtodirectlyprovideheat,orgeothermalenergyheatpumpsystemsare appliedtoprovideheatandaircondition. Itsaveryhopefulundertakingtoexploregeothermalwaterbetween60~90tobe usedinnortherncitiesandtownsforcentralheating.Itmeanspartofcoalwith highlevelchemicalenergyisreplacedbylowtemperaturegeothermalenergy,and alsothepollutionofcoalstotheenvironmentisdiminished.Itsajobthatcansave energyandalsoprotectenvironment.Geothermalresourcesaredevelopedin longtimegeologictimes.Likeminerals,theycannotberenewedinashorttime, whichisdifferentfromgroundwater.Geothermalresourcesshallbedevelopedin separatephases,andexplorationandacquisitionshallbecombined,tograduallyget toknowthepotentialofgeothermalfilesintheprocessofdevelopmentand utilizationiftheyareproperlyutilizedorproperlyirrigatedback,theycanbe regardedasnonpollutingresourcesdifferentfromotherminerals,becauseheatwill giveoff,geothermalwaterbelow90cannotbestoredforalongtimeordelivered inalongdistance.Geothermalresourcesarescatteredresources,sotheycanonly beusednearbyduetodifferentdepthsoftheresources,thereishugedifferencein investmentofsinkingwellsthereisalsosignificantdifferenceinthreefactorsthat canaffectutilization,namelywateramount,watertemperatureandwaterquality. Andevenatthesameplace,whengainingwaterfromdifferentstrata,thethree factorsmaydifferalotfromeachother. Inrecentyears,thereisrapiddevelopmentinapplicationofgeothermalheatpump inourcountry.AccordingtoGB50366ofEngineeringTechnicalRegulationson GeothermalHeatPumpSystems,thedefinitionofgeothermalheatpumpsystemis: usingsoilorgroundwater,surfacewateraslowtemperatureheatsources,a heatprovidingairconditioningsystemcomposedofwatersourceheatpumpset, geothermalenergyacquisitionsystem,indoorsystemandcontrolsystem. Accordingtodifferentgeothermalenergyacquisitionsystems,geothermalheat

pumpsystemsaresortedintothreeforms,i.e.undergroundburiedpipe,ground waterandsurfacewater. Ourcountrystartedapplicationofrenewableenergyinbuildingsnotlongago,and duetodifferentclimatesandeconomicdevelopmentlevelsindifferentregions, therearenodetailedsummarizedsurveydataregardingthepercentagesthatenergy consumedinheating,airconditioner,cooling,electric,illumination,cookingandhot watersupplyrespectivelyaccountforintheoverall.Therefore,thereismuch difficultyincalculatingtheproportionofconsumptionofrenewableenergyinthe totalenergyconsumptionofbuildings.Buteverythinghastostartfromthe beginning,accordingtothedatacollectedbyexpertsaboutenergyconsumptionof buildingsbyterminalpurposein2001,whichindicatesurbanheatingaccountsfor 37.4%,ruralheating6.44%,coolingbyairconditioner11.5%,illuminationand homeelectrics7.0%,cookingandhotwater37.7%,conclusioncanbedrawnthat hotwater,heatingandairconditionersaccountformajorityofenergyconsumption ofbuildings. So,the5%requestedinthisarticlecanbeidentifiedbyusingfollowingindicators: (1)ifinquarters,morethan25%ofhouseholdsusesolarenergywaterheatersto providemostofhotwaterfordailylife,thenitcanberegardedthatthisarticleis satisfiedor(2)inquarters,25%ofhouseholdsusegeothermalheatpumpsystems, thenitcanberegardedthatthisarticleissatisfiedor(3)inquarters,50%of householdsusegeothermalwaterfordirectheating,thenitcanberegardedthatthis articleissatisfied. Itshallbeclarifiedthatwhenusinggeothermalheatpumpsystems(including systemsofdirectheatingbygeothermalwater),groundwaterresourcesmustnotbe imperiled.HerearesomemandatoryarticlesinGB50366ofEngineeringTechnical RegulationsonGeothermalHeatPumpSystems,i.e.3.1.1beforedesigning geothermalheatpumpsystemproposals,investigationshallbeconductedonthe situationoftheprojectland,andinspectionshallbedonetoshallowstratum geothermalresources.5.1.1Heatexchangesystemsforgroundwatershallbe designedaccordingtotheinspectionmaterialsonwaterandgeology,andreliable backirrigationmeasuresmustbetakentoguaranteethatallgroundwaterafter replacementofcoldnessorheatisirrigatedbacktothesameaquiferousstratum, andnowasteorpollutionisallowedagainstgroundwaterresource.Afterthe systemisputintouse,amountofpumpedwater,amountofbackirrigatedwater andwaterqualityshallbemonitored.Plus,ifgeothermalheatpumpsystemsuse groundburiedpipeheatexchanger,forecastshallbemadeonthetrendofchange insoiltemperatureafterlongtermapplication.Becauseofdifferentdurationof applicationofheatingequipmentandairconditionersintheappliedregions,asfor theregionsmainlyusingheatingequipment,theheatabsorbedfromthesoil(in

winter)willbehigherthantheheatdischargedfromtheundergroundsoil(in summer),andafterlongtimeuse(like5years,10years,15years),soiltemperature willgraduallydeclinesothatoperationefficiencyofmachinerysetsinwinterwill declinewithlessoutput,andthesetsmayevennotworkregularly.Asforthe regionsmainlyusingairconditioners,theheatdischargedfromtheundergroundsoil (insummer)willbehigherthantheheatabsorbedfromthesoil(inwinter),andafter longtimeuse),soiltemperaturewillgraduallygrowsothatoperationefficiencyof machinerysetsinsummerwillalsodeclinewithlessoutput.Asaresult,inthe designphase,simulationcalculationshallbemadeonthebalanceoftrendof changeinsoiltemperatureafterlongtermapplication(suchas25years).Or considerreplyingmeasurestocasesthatthereisdeclineorincreaseinunderground soiltemperature.Forexample,maybesetupacoolingtowermaybeseta groundburiedpipegeothermalheatpumptoprovidehotwatermaybeseup supplementaryheatsourcesordesigncomplexsystems,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearecalculatingaccordingtodesigndocuments andonsiteverification. 4.2.10UnderthepreconditionofArticle4.2.1,limitationforenergyconsumption ofheatingequipmentorairconditionerscanbefiguredout,accordingtothe calculationmethodsforenergyconsumptionofheatingequipmentor airconditionersasstipulatedbycorrespondingenergysavingstandardsfor residentialbuildings.Andsomeenergysavingdesignstandardsforbuildingshave provideddefinitelimitationforenergyconsumptionofheatingequipmentor airconditioners.Byusingthesamecalculationmethodsofenergyconsumptionas stipulatedinthestandard,makecalculationsonactualenergyconsumptionof heatingequipmentorairconditionersofcurrentlyevaluatedresidentialbuildings.If theresultislowerthan80%oflimitationstipulatedbycorrespondingenergysaving standardsforresidentialbuildings,itmeansthattheresidentialbuildingsunder evaluationperformexcellentlyandsatisfytherequirementsofthisprioroption.If theactualenergyconsumptionofheatingequipmentorairconditionersofthe residentialbuildingscanbeacquiredbymonitoring,thenthemonitoredactualcan becomparedwiththelimitationstipulatedbythestandards,anditcanbejudged whetheritsatisfytherequirementofthisprioroptionbasedonthecomparison. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearecalculatingbasedondesigndocumentsor actualmonitoring. 4.2.11AccordingtotheexplanationsinArticle4.2.9,the10%requestedinthe articlecanbeidentifiedbyfollowingindicators:(1)ifinquarters,morethan50%of householdsusesolarenergywaterheaterstoprovidemostofhotwaterfordaily life,thenitcanberegardedthatthisarticleissatisfiedor(2)ifinquarters,50%of householdsusegeothermalheatpumpsystems,thenitcanberegardedthatthis

articleissatisfiedor(3)ifinquarters,allhouseholdsusegeothermalwaterfor directheating,thenitcanberegardedthatthisarticleissatisfied. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification.

4.3WaterSavingandWaterResourcesUtilization
4.3.1Asforresidentialbuildings,theyareinvolvedwithnotonlyutilizationof indoorwaterresources,watersupplyanddrainagesystems,butdrainageof outdoorrainwaterandsewage,utilizationofregeneratedwater,greencoverage, watersupplyforscenery,andotherissuedrelatedwithurbanmacrowater environment.Itsanecessaryconditiontomakemasterplansforwaterenvironment ofbuildingsconsideringtheenvironmentnearthebuildings.Therefore,before makingdesignforgreenbuildings,systematicplanningshallbeconductedonthe waterenvironmentofbuildings,basedontheconsiderationofwatersupplyand drainage,waterresources,climateandotherobjectivefactorsofthearea.Planning proposalsonwatersystemshallbeformulated,toincreaserecyclingrateofwater resourcesandreducecivicwatersupplyandsewagedrainage. Planningproposalsonwatersystemincludeconfirmationonquotaofwater consumption,estimatewaterconsumptionamountandbalanceofwateramount, designofwatersupplyanddrainagesystem,watersavingtools,sewagetreatment, utilizationofregeneratedwater,etc.Basedondifferentsituationsofwaterresources andclimatefeaturesindifferentregions,planningproposalsonwatersystemmay involvedifferentcontent.Forinstance,sewagerecyclingdoesnthavetobe consideredforregionswithsufficientwater.Therefore,specificcontentsofthe proposalshallbebasedonregionalreality. Quotaofwaterconsumption,balanceofwateramountandconfirmationonwater consumptionamountshallbeconsideredintheframeworkofwaterconsumptionin theresidentialarea,andshallbescientificallyandproperlydeterminedbasedon actualsituationinreferencewithGB/TofStandardsofWaterConsumption AmountforUrbanResidentsaswellasquotaofwaterconsumptionstipulatedby otherrelatedwaterconsumptionstandards,whileconsideringlocaleconomic performance,climate,habitofwaterconsumptionanddedicatedplansonregional water. Utilizationofrainwater,regeneratedwater,etc.isanimportantwatersaving measure,butitshallbeanalyzedbasedonspecificsituation.Asforrainyregions, utilizationofrainwatershallbeemphasized,andforinlandregionsshortofwater, utilizationofregeneratedwatershallbevalued,whilefortheregionswithabundant freshwater,itsnotrecommendedtorecyclesewage.Butforallregions,utilization ofwatersavingtoolsissupposedtobeconsidered.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingreportsonplanningproposalsof water(environment)systemsofbuildingsandonsiteverification. 4.3.2Toavoidleakageofordamagetopipenetworks,followingmeasurescanbe adopted: 1Pipesusedinwatersystemsmustbelinewiththerequirementsofcurrent productindustrialstandards.Andnewpatternpipesshallbeinlinewiththe requirementsofenterprisestandards,aswellasthestandardsofthe enterprisesthatpassedevaluationoridentificationbyexpertsasrequiredby documentsofrelatedadministrativeandgovernmentalsupervisory authorities. 2Choosehighperformancevalves,zeroleakagevalves,etc.Forinstance, additionalsoftsealedvalvesorbutterflyvalvescanbeinstalledbefore washingdrainagevalves,firehydrants,ventilationvalves. 3Makeproperdesignforwatersupplypressure,toavoidsustainedhigh watersupplypressureorviolentchangeinwatersupplypressure. 4Choosehighsensitivewatermeters,andinstallgradedwatermeters accordingtowaterbalanceteststandards,with100%ofwatermeter installationrate. 5Goonbasictreatmentonpipelinesandcoverwithsoil.Controlthedepth ofpipelines,reinforcemonitoringtheconstructionofpipelineprojectand guaranteethequalityofconstruction. Theamountofwaterleakedfrompipelinenetworkinquartersincludes:amountof waterleakedfromindoorbathrooms,amountofwaterleakedfromroofwatertanks andthatfrompipenetwork. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentson preventionmeasuresagainstpipenetworkleakage,andreviewingreportson measuringofamountofwaterconsumptiononthespot. 4.3.3Followingtheprincipleofthriftfirst,priorchoosetheequipment,apparatus andtoolsreleasedinthe(product)indexofNo.5AnnouncementofWatersaving EquipmentCurrentlyEncouragedtoDevelopinChina,byStateEconomicand TradeCommitteeofthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2001.Accordingto differentwaterconsumptionsituations,watersavingtaps,watersavinglavatories, watersavingshoweringsettings,etc.shallbeproperlychosen.Asfortheresidential buildingsthataredecoratedbyindustrialstandards,waterequipmentshallbe adoptedinallroomsuites.Allwaterconsumingequipmentshallfollowthe requirementsinCJ164ofWatersavingEquipmentandGB/T18870ofTechnical ConditionsandGeneralManagementRulesonWatersavingProducts. Thefollowingwatersavingequipmentcanbeselected: 1Watersavingtap:aircompressedtap,tapwithceramicvalve,tapwiththe

functionofautomaticclosurewhennowaterruns,etc 2Lavatory:waterpressure,antistinkandrushing6Ldirectdrainage lavatory,3L/6Ltwobafflewatersavingsiphonallavatory,directdrainage watersavinglavatorylessthan6Lorrespondingwatersavinglavatoryless than6L.Fortheregionsshortofwater,lavatorieswithwatertank connectedtohandwashingtapcanbeanoption,andfortheregionsin severeshortageofwater,nonwatervacuumindraftlavatoriescanbetried 3Watersavingshower:watertemperatureadjuster,watersavingshower, etc 4Watersavingelectrics:watersavingwashingmachine,dishwasher,etc. Andalsowatersavingcanbeeffectuatedsignificantlybymeansoflowering pressureandlimitingwaterflowinwatersupplysystems,likeloweringthewater supplypressuretonotmorethan0.2MPabeforewatercomestohouseholdwater metersfromwatersupplysystems.Inthebuildingswithcentralhotwatersupply systems,completehotwatercyclingsystemsshallbeset,andhotwatershallcome outwithin10secondsafterthetappingpointisopened. Andwatersavingcanalsoberealizedthroughothermeans,likenontraditional waterresources,highefficientwatersavingirrigationmethods. Watersavingrateinthisarticlereferstothepercentageofsavedwateramountby meansofwatersavingfacilitiesandnontraditionalwaterresourcesinthetotal designedwateramount,i.e.totalwatersavingrate,whichcanbecalculatedviathe followingformula: RWR=(WnWm)/Wn Intheformula,RWRwatersavingrate,% Wnrationoftotalwaterconsumptionamount,followingtheration standard,thetotalwaterconsumptionforbuildingsestimatedbasedonactual populationorpurpose,m/a Wmtotalamountofactualcivicwatersupply,atotalcalculatedaccording toallwaterconsumptionapproachesintheresidentialarea,m/a. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingproductinstructionbook,product testreportsandreportsonoperationdata(reportsonmeasuringofwater consumptionamount). 4.3.4Waterconsumptionandsupplementforsceneryintheresidentialareaispart ofurbanscenerywaterconsumption.Basedontheconsiderationofurbanwater environmentplanning,nearbyenvironment,terrainandclimatefeatures,aproper areaproportionofwatersceneryintheresidentialareashallbeprovided,toavoid muchwasteinwaterresourcesforbeautifyingtheenvironment.Asforscenery water,rainwaterandregeneratedwatershallbetheprioroption,insteadofcivic

watersupplyandwaterfromselfpreparedwells.Andmore,cyclicwatertreatment equipmentcanesettorecyclethewaterforscenery. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapers,design instructionbookandonsiteinspection. 4.3.5Nontraditionalwaterresourceslikerainwater,regeneratedwater,etc.inthe processofstorage,transportationanddistribution,shallbeguardedwithsufficient capabilityofdisinfectionandsterilization,andwaterqualitycannotbecontaminated toguaranteethesafetyofwaterquality.Watersupplysystemsshallbeequipped withrelatedswitchfacilitieslikebackupwaterresources,spillingdevice,etc.to guaranteethesafetyofwateramount.Certainsafeguardandmonitoringand controllingmeasureshallbeadoptedinthewholeprocessoftreatment,storage, transportationanddistributionforrainwaterandregeneratedwater,inaccordance withrelatedrequirementsinGB50335ofRegulationsonEngineeringDesignof SewageRegenerationandUtilizationandGB50336ofRegulationsonWater DesignforBuildings,toensurehygieneandsafetyandnottogeneratenegative impactonhumanhealthandtheambience.Astoseawater,duetothehigh percentageofsalt,ithastobetakenintoconsiderationantisepticissuesforpipes andequipmentandthenissuesregardingdrainageafteruse. Whenusingrainwaterandregeneratedwaterforsceneryinresidentialareas,inthe planninganddesignphaseforwaterscenery,thedesignandsafeguardingmeasures forwaterqualityshallbecombinedintoconsideration.Safeguardingmeasures include:makeuseofmarshtechniquestoperformpretreatmentofscenerywater usemechanicalfacilitiesscenerywater,toreinforcewatercyclingandenhance disturbanceonthewatersurface,andtodestroythelivingenvironmentofalgae adoptbiologicalmeasures,nourishingaquaticanimalsandwaterplantstoabsorb nutritioussaltfromthewater,andeliminatepotentialfactorsthatmayleadto overnutritionandcorruptioninwatertimely. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapers,design instructionbookandonsiteinspection. 4.3.6Intheplanninganddesignphase,therouteofrainwater(includingrainwater onthegroundandthatonbuildingroofs)flowshallbeplannedanddesignedwell basedonconsiderationoftheterrainfeaturesoftheresidentialarea,toreducethe chancethatrainwateriscontaminated.Rainwaterpenetrationmeasuresinclude:use waterpermeablematerialsthepavepublicactivityground,sidewalkandopen parkinglot,tomakeitconvenientforrainwatertopenetrate,andforexample,use multiholepitchroadsurface,multiholeconcreteroadsurface,etc.replace nonpermeabletubeswithpermeabletubesorperforatedtubesfordraining rainwater,withbothfunctionsofpenetrationanddrainageplus,thefollowingcan beadoptedtoincreasepenetration,i.e.permeablewaterstoragepoolforscenery,

roofgardenandatrium,permeablewell,greenland,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapers,design instructionbook,productinstructionsandonsiteinspection. 4.3.7Itsaveryimportantpartofreducingcivicwatersupplytousenontraditional watersourcesincludingrainwaterandregeneratedwaterasnondrinkingwaterfor greencoverage,vehiclewashing,roadwashingandgarbageworkshopwashing. Thereisbigpotentialingreencoverageforwatersaving.Ifthewaterforgreen coverageallorpartlycomesfromrainwaterandregeneratedwater,therewillbea significantsaveincivicwatersupply.Therefore,asfortheregionsnotshortof water,rainwatershallbechosenasthewaterforgreencoveragetothebestofits advantageandfortheregionsshortofwater,rainwaterorregeneratedwatershall bepriorchosenforirrigation.Whenusingrainwaterandregeneratedwaterasthat forgreencoverage,waterqualityshallmeetcorrespondingstandardsandshallnot imposeanythreattopublichygiene. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapersanddesign instructionbook,etc. 4.3.8Inirrigationforgreencoverage,itsencouragedtoadoptwatersaving irrigationmethods,likespoutingirrigation,smallamountirrigation,permeable irrigation,irrigationbylowpressuretube,etc.itsrecommendedtousehumidity sensororadjustorthatmakesadjustmentaccordingtoclimatechangetoincrease amountofrainwaterpenetrationandreduceamountofirrigation,forgreenlands, itsrecommendedtousepermeabledrainagepipeswithbothfunctionsof penetrationanddrainagewhenusingregeneratedwaterforgreencoverage,tryto avoidtheirrigationmethodsthatmayleadtoaerosol. Thecommonlyusedirrigationmethodsforgreencoverageatpresentare,using specialequipment(generator,waterpump,pipeline)toaddpressuretowater,or makeuseofnaturalfallofwatertodistributethepressedwatertoirrigationfields, andspoutwaterviasprayertotheairwhichisthenscatteredintotinywaterdrops andevenlyspread.Itcansave30%to50%ofwaterthanfieldmassirrigation. Spoutirrigationshallbeconductedwithoutmuchwind.Whenusingregenerated waterforirrigation,sincethemicrobeinthewaterislikelytoprevailintheair,spout irrigationshallbeavoided. Smallamountirrigationincludesdrippingirrigation,microspoutirrigation,stream irrigationandundergroundpermeableirrigation.Smallamountirrigationmeans feedingwatertoplantrootsinapersistent,evenandcontrollableway,bymeansof lowpressurepipelineanddrippingtiporotherirrigationdevice,whichsaves50% to70%ofwaterthanfieldmassirrigationand15%to20%thanspoutirrigation. Theapertureofirrigationdeviceforsmallamountirrigationisverysmallandeasy togetblocked.Andthewaterforsmallamountirrigationusuallyhastobepurified,

precipitatedtoeliminatebigsandsandmud,andthenfiltratedtoremovetiny foreignsubstance.Inspecialcases,medicaltreatmentneedstobedone. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapers,design instructionbook,productinstructionsandonsiteinspection. 4.3.9Undertheprincipleofsavefromthebeginning,fortheregionsshortof water,intheplanninganddesignphase,itshallbeconsideredtoproperlyreutilize sewageaftertreatment,asthewaterforlavatoryflushingandthatforoutdoorgreen coverage,scenery,roadsideirrigationandvehiclewashing.Regeneratedwater includesregeneratedcivicwater(thesourceisthewateroutofurbansewage treatmentfactoriesorurbansewage),regeneratedwaterforbuildings(thesourceis thewaterfromdailylifedrainage,miscellaneousdrainage,superiormiscellaneous drainage).Inselectingwhatwatertouse,thefollowingshallbeconsidered,i.e.city planning,environmentoftheresidentialarea,managementmethodsonwater facilitiesconstructionincities,balanceofamountofwater,etc.anddecisionsshall bemadebasedonvariousaspects,namelyeconomy,technology,waterqualityof thesource,stabilityofwateramount,etc. Ifthereisanycentralregeneratedwaterfactoryneartheresidentialarea,itshallbe consideredfirstlytouselocalcivicregeneratedwaterorcivicregeneratedwater fromtheupperreachesifnot,followthemanagementmethodsonwaterfacilities constructionorotherrelatedregulationsoftheprovinceorcitywherethebuildingis located,todecidewhethertocreatetreatmentfacilitiestotreatregeneratedwaterfor buildings,whileatthesametimeconsideringrecyclingofsuperiorwaterfrom miscellaneousdrainage,thatfrommiscellaneousdrainageandthatfromdailylife drainageoneafterone.Inaword,theselectionofregeneratedwatersourcesand utilizationofregeneratedwatershallbecomprehensivelyconsideredinthe frameworkofareamasterplanandcityplanning. Asforregenerationtreatmenttechnique,itshallbedeterminedafteroveralltechnical andeconomiccomparison,basedontreatmentscale,featuresofwaterquality, utilizationandrecyclingpurposeaswellaslocalrealityandrequirements.Underthe preconditionthatutilizationrequirementsforregenerationaresatisfiedandoperation isstableandreliable,thegeneralfeesforinfrastructureinvestmentandoperation costshallbecontrolledatthemosteconomicpoint.Operationmanagementshallbe simple,withconvenientcontrolandadjustment.Andmeanwhile,goodsecurityand hygieneconditionsarealsorequired.Allregenerationtreatmenttechniquemusthave thetreatmentofdisinfection,toensurethesafetyofservingwaterquality. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapers,design instructionbook,etc. 4.3.10Asfortheregionswhereannualaveragerainfallismorethan800mmbutstill shotofwater,localclimateconditionsandfeaturesofterraininresidentialareas

shallbetakenintoconsideration,besidesthemeasurestoincreaserainwater penetration,correspondingfacilitiesshallbesettocollect,treat,storeandutilize rainwater.Andrainwateronroofsandothernonpermeablesurfacesshallalsobe collectedandutilized.Inrainwatercollectionandutilizationsystems,preliminary rainwaterdrainagedeviceandrainwateradjustmentpoolsshallbeset.The collectionandutilizationsystemscanbecombinedwiththedesignofwaterscenery ofquartersorresidentialareas.Underdrainisaprioroptiontocollectrainwater,and accordingtopurposesofusingwater,thecollectedrainwatershallbeseparately treatedbymanpowerorimportedtowatertreatmentsystemoftheresidentialarea. Thequalityoftreatedrainwatershallreachthestandardsforcorresponding purposes,andthewatershallbepriorconsideredforoutdoorgreencoverageand scenery. Rainwatertreatmentplanandtechniqueshallbedeterminedaftercomparisonof multipleplans,basedonlocalreality.Asforseparaterainwatertreatment,its recommendedtousepermeablesinksystemswhicharefilledwithgravelorother filtratingmaterialsinsouthernareaswheretheclimateissuitable,naturalpurification systemscanbeused,likeoxidativepondsandmanmademarsh,andbasedonthe considerationoflocalclimate,localwaterplantsoremergentaquaticplantscanbe chosen. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapers,design instructionbook,etc. 4.3.11&4.3.12Utilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresourcesreferstothe percentageofwaterusedformiscellaneouspurposeslikescenery,greencoverage andlavatoryflushing,whichcomesfromnontraditionalwaterresourceslike regeneratedwaterandrainwaterinplaceofcivicrunningwaterorgroundwater,in totalwaterconsumption.BasedonregulationsandstandardslikeGB50336of RegulationsonWaterDesignforBuildings,waterforlavatoryflushinginresidential buildingsaccountsformorethan20%.Ifthispartofconsumptionisallcomposed ofregeneratedwaterand(or)rainwater(inseasideregionsseverelyshortofwater, seawatercanalsobeused),andnontraditionalwaterresourceslikeregenerated waterisonlyusedforlavatoryflushing,thentheutilizationrateofnontraditional waterresourcesisover20%ifwaterforgreencoverage,roadsideirrigationand vehiclewashingisalsotakenintoconsideration,thenthereshouldbemorethan 10%ofoutdoorwaterthatcanbereplacebynontraditionalwaterresourceslike regeneratedwaterinresidentialarea.Hence,asfortheresidentialbuildingsthatuse nontraditionalwaterresourcesonlyforlavatoryflushingoronlyforoutdoor purposes,theutilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresourcescanalwayshit10% ifnontraditionalwaterresourcesareadoptedforbothindoorandoutdoor purposes,theratewillbehigher,notlessthan30%.

Ifnontraditionalwaterresourcesadopttheregeneratedwaterfromcentralwater regenerationfactoriesorseawater,thenthereisnoproblemfortheutilizationrateto reach10%and30%ifnontraditionalwaterresourcesadopttheregeneratedwater forbuildingsinresidentialquarters,sincethewaterusedforshoweringandwashing inresidentialbuildingsaccountsformorethan40%,onlysuperiorwaterfrom miscellaneousdrainageiscollectedasregeneratedwaterresource,andafter treatment,therequirementforutilizationrateof10%canbesatisfied.Iflavatory flushingisalsoconsidered,aftertreatmentandregenerationofwatercollectedfrom miscellaneousdrainage,therequirementforutilizationrateof30%canbesatisfied ifnontraditionalwaterresourcesonlyuserainwater,duetotheconnectionofits utilizationamountandrainfall,specificutilizationratecannotbeidentified.Butfor residentialbuildings,economicallyspeaking,ifrainwateriscollected,treatedand utilizedasnontraditionalwaterresources,itisusuallyconsideredtogetherwith superiormiscellaneousdrainageormiscellaneousdrainage.Inthiscase,ifonly outdoorpurposesareconsidered,thentherequirementforutilizationrateof10% canbesatisfiedonlybycollectionofrainwaterandpartofsuperiormiscellaneous drainage.Ifindoorpurposeslikelavatoryflushingarealsoconsidered,thenthe requirementforutilizationrateof30%canbesatisfiedbycollectionofrainwater andsuperiormiscellaneousdrainageormiscellaneousdrainage. Therefore,nomatterfromtheviewofmeansofutilizationofnontraditionalwater resources,oroftheamountoforiginalwaterfromnontraditionalwaterresources, whenusingnontraditionalwaterresourcesforresidentialbuildings,itispossibleto reachautilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresourcesofnotlessthan10%,30%. Utilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresourcescanbecalculatedbythefollowing formula: Ru=Wu/Wt100% Wu=WR+Wr+Ws+Wo Intheformula,Ruutilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresources,% Wudesignedamountofwaterconsumptionfromnontraditionalwaterresources (planninganddesignphase)oractualamount(operationphase),m/a Wtdesignedtotalamountofwaterconsumption(planninganddesignphase)or actualtotalamountofwaterconsumption,m/a WRdesignedamountofregeneratedwaterconsumption(planninganddesign phase)oractualamountofwaterconsumption(operationphase),m/a Wtdesignedamountofrainwaterconsumption(planninganddesignphase)or actualamountofwaterconsumption(operationphase),m/a Wsdesignedamountofseawaterconsumption(planninganddesignphase)or actualamountofwaterconsumption(operationphase),m/a

Woamountofconsumptionofothernontraditionalwaterresources(planningand designphase)oractualamountofwaterconsumption(operationphase),m/a. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesigninstructionbookand reportsonoperationdata(reportsonamountofwaterconsumption),etc.

4.4MaterialsSavingandMaterialsResourcesUtilization
4.4.1Emissionmechanismofindoorharmfulsubstanceisverycomplicated.This articlecanevaluatethegradeofpollutionthatconstructionmaterialsgenerate againstindoorenvironmentinthedecorationprocessonaquantitativebase. Choosingtheconstructionmaterialsthatmeetthestandardsofharmfulsubstance percentageandarefriendlytotheenvironment,canavoidindoorairpollution causedbyimpropermaterialsselected. Decorationmaterialsmainlyincludestonematerial,manmadeplateanditsproduct, constructionpaint,solventpaintforwood,glue,woodmadefurniture,wallpaper, PVCfloorboard,carpet,carpetcushionandcarpetglue,etc.Harmfulsubstancein decorationmaterialsreferrerstoformaldehyde,VOC,benzene,tolueneandxylene, TDIandradioactivenucleus,etc.Theharmfulsubstanceindecorationmaterials, stonematerialandradioactivesubstancefromthedecorationmaterialsmadefrom industrialwasteresidue,cancausedamagetohumanhealth.Thepercentageof harmfulsubstanceindecorationandconstructionmaterialsusedingreenbuildings mustabidebythefollowingstandards: GB18580ofLimitationofFormaldehydeEmissionfromManmadePlateandits ProductsforIndoorDecoration GB18580ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinSolventPaintforWoodfor IndoorDecoration GB18582ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinInnerWallPaintforIndoor Decoration GB18583ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinGlueforIndoorDecoration GB18584ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinWoodmadeFurnitureforIndoor Decoration GB18585ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinWallpaperforIndoorDecoration GB18586ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinPVCCarpetforIndoor Decoration GB18587ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinCarpet,CarpetCushionandGlue forCarpetforIndoorDecoration GB18588ofLimitationofAmmoniaEmittedfromAdditionstoConcrete GB6566ofLimitationofradioactivenucleusindecorationmaterials Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingproducttestreportsissuedby

qualifiedthirdpartyinspectioninstituteauthorizedbystatecertificationand recognitionregulatorycommittee. 4.4.2Itsnotinlinewiththebasicphilosophyofgreenbuildingstopartiallypursue beautywithsacrificeofhugeresourceconsumption.Indesign,theapplicationof decorationcomponentswithoutfunctionalvalueshallbecontrolled.Decoration componentswithoutfunctionalvaluemainlyreferto:(1)plate,gridandtrussthat havenofunctionsofsunlightshield,sunlightimport,windimport,weightupholding andsupplementtogreencoverage,andthataremassusedasconstituentelementin buildings(2)purelyfortheeffectofsymbols,setirregularpartsliketower,balland curvedsurfaceonroofsandotherplaces(3)theheightofparapetistwicehigher thantherequiredstandards(4)noinlinewithlocalclimateconditions,theareaof doublelayerexternalwalls(includingcurtainwall)thatarenotbeneficialforenergy savingexceeds20%ofthetotalareaofexternalwalls. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcompletionpapersandonsite verification. 4.4.3Thisarticleencouragesusinglocalproducedconstructionmaterials,and improvingthepercentageoftheconstructionproductsmadefromlocalmaterials. Localizationofconstructionmaterialsisoneoftheimportantmeanstoreduce resourceandenergyconsumptionintransportationprocessandtoease environmentpollution.Increasingutilizationrateoflocalmaterialscanalsopromote localeconomicdevelopment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthelistofmaterialsforproject settlement.Inthelist,namesandaddressesofmaterialsmanufacturersshallbe indicated.Calculatetheweightofconstructionmaterialsproducedwithin500kmin theconstructionmaterialsfortheprojectaswellasthetotalweightofconstruction materialsbasedonthislist,andtheproportionofthemisrequiredtonotbeless than70%. 4.4.4OfcurrentconstructionmaterialsusedinChina,themajorityarefiredsolid claybricksandconcreted.Firedsolidclaybrickislistedastheproductthatis forbiddenandlimitedtouse,foritconsumesmuchlandresource.Inalongtime fromnowon,themainbuildingstructureinourcountrywillbereinforcedconcrete structure.Atpresent,ourcountrystronglypromotestousepremixedconcreted, theapplicationtechniqueofwhichisalreadyrelativelymature.Relatedstate authoritieshavereleasedaseriesofdocumentsregardingprohibitionononthespot mixingofconcreteinurbanareasfromthespecifieddate,clearlystipulatingits prohibitedtomixconcreteonthespotfromDecember31,2003inurbanareasin 124citiesincludingBeijing,anditsprohibitedtomixconcreteonthespotfrom December31,2005inotherprovinces(autonomicregions)municipalities. Comparedwithonthespotmixedconcrete,usingpremixedconcretecanreduce

noisesonconstructionsitesanddustpollution,saveenergyandresources,and reducematerialdamageandloss. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthelistoftotalamountofconcrete usedfortheprojectofferedbytheconstructionunitaswellastheamountof premixedconcreteconsumptioninthepremixedconcretedeliverynoteofferedby theconcretemixingstation. 4.4.5Ingreenbuildings,theconstructionmaterialsthataregoodatdurabilityand materialssavingshallbeadopted.Highperformanceconcreteandhighstrength steelareverysuperiorintermsofdurabilityandmaterialssaving.Asfor constructionprojects,usingdurablematerialsisthebiggestsavingmeasure.Using highperformanceconcreteandhighstrengthsteelcansolvetheproblemswithfat girderandpillarandincreasetheareaforbuildings.UsingsteelbarsofClassHRB 400and(or)highperformanceconcretethatmeetsdesignrequirementsinthemain bodystructureofsteelbarconcrete,canbeseenasaccomplishmentof requirementsofthisarticle. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheusageofsteelbardinthelistof materialsforfinalizing,andreportsonconcretemixingrateintheconstruction records,andconcretetestreportsissuedbythirdpartytestinstitute(theindicator ofdurabilityismandatory). 4.4.6Inconstruction,thematerialsofoldbuildingsthataredismantledinthe constructionfiledorcollectedthroughotherchannelsshallbeutilizedtothebestof itsadvantage.Andalsothedesertedmaterialsinconstructionandlandclearingshall beutilizedasmuchaspossibletoextendtheirusableduration,inthepurposeof savingrawmaterials,reducingwaste,andeasingtheaffecttotheenvironment causedbyproductionandtransportationforrenewingtheneededmaterials. Thegarbageanddiscardedstuffshallbesortedonthespot.Thisisthekeypoint andpreconditionforrecyclingthewaste.Reusablematerialsshallbereutilizedin construction,andrecyclablematerialsshallberecycledandprocessedviarecycling enterprises,toavoidwastepollutionandlitteringtothebestofitsadvantage.The constructionunitshallproduceadedicatedplanofmanagementoverconstruction waste,includingseekingforthemarkettodisposethestuffwithdiscountedprice andformulatingplansandmethodsfordemolishment,waste,disposalandrecycling withdiscountedprice,includingwastesummaryandprovidingthefeesonwaste recycling,discounteddisposalandreutilization,etc.Recycledstuffthatneedstobe confirmedintheplanincludespaperplate,metal,concreteblocks,pitch,field garbage,drinkscan,plastic,glass,plasterboard,woodmadeproducts,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheplanningonmanagementover constructionwasteandtherecordsofrecyclingofwasteintheconstructionfield. 4.4.7Recyclablematerialsinconstructionincludetwoparts,oneisthatmaterials

usesarealreadyrecyclablematerialsanotheristhematerialsthatcanberecycled whenthebuildingisdismantled.Recyclablematerialsmainlyinclude:metals(steel, copper),glass,aluminiumalloy,plastermadeproduct,woodmaterials,etc. Nondegradableconstructionmaterials,likePVC,dontbelongtorecyclable materials.Fullyutilizingrecyclablematerialscanreducetheenergyandresource consumptionandenvironmentpollutioncausedbyproductionandprocessingof newmaterials,andhasveryimportantsignificancetothesustainabilityofbuildings. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheamountofconsumptionof relatedmaterialsinthelistofmaterialsforprojectsettlement. 4.4.8Integrationoflandconstructionanddecorationrequiresarchitectstodesign anintegratedplanforlandconstructionanddecoration,andrequiresthe constructionunittoconsolidatelandconstructionanddecoration.Tocomplete integratedlandconstructionanddecoration,holesonconstructioncomponentscan bereservedandfixedcomponentsfordecorationcanbepreburiedbeforehand,to avoidchiselingandperforationonexistingconstructioncomponentsinthe constructionanddecorationphase.Itnotonlyensuresthesafetyofthestructure, butreducesnoisesandconstructiongarbageintegrationoflandconstructionand decorationcanalsoreducethedisturbancetoresidents,lowermaterials consumptionandreducedecorationcost.Theintegrationrequiresallout cooperationamongthelandowner,designerandconstructionparty. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheproofonintegrationofland constructionanddecoration(checkingconstructionpapersandthelistofactual workloadinconstructionwhennecessary)andonsiteinspection. 4.4.9Desertedstuffmainlyincludesdesertedstufffromconstruction,industrial desertedstuff,andthatfromdailylife,anditcanbeusedforproductionofgreen constructionmaterialsasrawmaterials.Underthepreconditionthatperformance requirementsaremet,itsencouragedtouseconcreteblocksmadeofregenerated materialsfromdesertedstuffbyconstruction,cementmadeproductsand regeneratedconcreteitsencouragedtousetheconstructionmaterialslikecement, concrete,wallmaterials,thermalmaterials,thataremadefromindustrialdeserted stuff,strawofcrops,constructiongarbageandsiltitsencouragedtousethe constructionmaterialsmadefromtreateddesertedstufffromdailylife. Toensurequantitativerequirementforusageofdesertedstuff,thisarticlestipulates thattheweightofmaterialsmadefromdesertedstuffaccountsfornotlessthan 30%ofthetotalweightofsametypeconstructionmaterials.Forexample,when usingplasterblocksforinnerwallmaterials,iftheweightofusedindustrialplaster blocksmadefromindustrialplaster(likedesulfurizedplasterandphosphorus plaster)accountsformorethan30%ofthetotalweightofusedplasterblocksin construction,therequirementsinthisarticlearesatisfied.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheamountofconsumptionof relatedmaterialsinthelistofmaterialsforprojectsettlement. 4.4.10Buildingsofdifferenttypesandfeaturesinfunctions,whenusingdifferent structuresystemsandmaterials,haveremarkabledifferenceintermsof consumptionamountofenergyandresourcesaswellastheimpactonthe environment.Atpresent,inthestructuresystemforresidentialbuildingsinour country,therearemainlybrickconcreteprefabricatedmixedstructure, concretecastframeshearwallstructureandconcreteframestructure.Inrecent years,thereisalsomadesomedevelopmentinlightsteelstructure.Inthewhole country,brickconcreteprefabricatedmixedstructurestillleadsmajorpresence, accountingforaround70%ofthetotalbuildingstructuresystem.Nowthe proportionofsteelstructurebuildingsinourcountryislessthan5%.Andforgreen buildings,basedontherequirementsforresourcesavingandenvironment protection,underthepreconditionofsafetyanddurability,itstheprioroptionto choosethebuildingstructuresystemsthatconsumelessresourcesandgenerate lesseffectontheenvironment,whichmainlyincludesteelstructuresystem, blockstructuresystemandwoodstructuresystem.Inbrickmixedstructure system,andsteelbarandconcretestructuresystem,thematerialswillgeneratelarge amountofclay,limestone,andothernonrenewableenergyintheproduction process,andwillalsoemitlotsofpollutantslikecarbondioxide.Steeland aluminiummaterialshavegoodnatureofrecycling,andcanbereutilizedafter recycling.Buildingblockscontainingindustrialdesertedstuffarelowinweightand consumeslessnonrenewableenergy,andatthesametimecanformtheresource recyclingsystemofindustrialdesertedstuff.Woodisakindofsustainable constructionmaterial,butitrequiresbenignforestcyclingassupport.If technologicalandeconomicconditionscanbesatisfied,itsencouragedtoimport woodfromthecountrieswhereforestresourcesarealreadyinbenigncircle. Therefore,iflocalconditionsandrealityareproperlyconsideredinapplicationof buildingstructuresystemslikelightsteelstructuresystem,blockstructuresystem andwoodstructuresystem,therequirementsofthisarticlearesatisfied. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocuments. 4.4.11Recyclablematerialsrefertothematerialsthatcanbedirectlyreutilizedor thatcanbereutilizedafterrecombinationandrestorationinthepreconditionthat theformofrecycledmaterialsisthesame.Usingrecyclablematerialscanextendthe lifecircleoftheconstructionmaterialsthatstillhavevaluetouse,andcanreduce consumptionofresourcesandenergyformaterialsproductionaswellastheimpact ontheenvironmentcausedbymaterialstransportation.Recyclablematerialsinclude thematerialsremovedfromoldbuildingsandtheoldbuildingmaterialsrecycled fromotherplaces.Recyclablematerialsconsistofblocks,brickstones,pipelines,

plates,woodcarpets,woodmadeproducts(doorsandwindows),steel,steelbars, partofdecorationmaterials,etc.Inevaluation,thelistofmaterialsforproject settlementneedstobeprovided,tocalculatetheweightofusedrecyclablematerials andtotalweightofprojectbuildingmaterials,theratiooftwoofwhichisthe utilizationrateofrecyclablematerials. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheamountofconsumptionof relatedmaterialsinthelistofmaterialsforprojectsettlement.

4.5IndoorEnvironmentQuality
4.5.1Sunlightisveryimportanttohumanmentalandpsychologicalhealth.Butthe sunlightofresidentialbuildingsisrestrictedbylotsofexternalconditions,like geographicposition,headingdirection,outsideshield,etc.Itsnoteasytoreach idealstate.Especiallyinwinter,theangleofsunisrelativelysmallsothat intershieldingbetweenbuildingsisworse. Indesignofgreenresidentialbuildings,attentionshallbepaidtobuildingsheading direction,distanceandmutualpositionbetweenbuildings,graphiclayoutin buildings.Andmakesufficientsunlightforlivingspacethroughelaborate calculationandadjustment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandsunlight simulationcalculationreports. 4.5.2Sufficientnaturalsunlightandventilationaregoodforliversmentaland psychologicalhealth,andalsoforreducingenergyconsumptionformanmade illumination.Itsrelativescientifictousedaylightingcoefficienttoevaluatewhether aresidentialbuildingacquiresenoughnaturalsunlight.InGB/T50033ofBuilding DaylightingDesignStandards,minimumvalueofdaylightingcoefficientforallsorts ofroomsinresidentialbuildingsisclearlystipulated.Asforgreenbuildings,the regulationofthisarticlemustbesatisfied. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandsunlight simulationcalculationreports. 4.5.3Residentialbuildingsshallprovideaquietenvironmentforlivers,butin moderncities,mostofresidentialbuildingsareinanoisyenvironment,especially thoseclosetostreets,seriouslyaffectedbytrafficnoise.Sodesignersneedto adopteffectivesoundproofandnoiseloweringmeasuresinfencingstructureof residentialbuildings.Forinstance,trytoplacebedroomsandlivingroomsfaraway fromnoisesources,andplacesoundproofwindowsforstreetsidewindows. Thenoiselevelallowedforbedroomsandlivingroomsinthisarticleisequivalentto ahighlevelinGBJ118ofRegulationsonSoundproofDesignforCivilBuildings. Therequirementsonaudioperformanceoffloorboards,householddividingwalls,

outsidewindowsandhouseholddoorsareallfortherequirednoiselevelfor bedroomsandlivingrooms.Asforgreenbuildings,itshallbetakeninto considerationnotonlyabenignindoorenvironment,butresourcesaving,notto partiallyrunafterhighperformance. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersortestreports. 4.5.4Naturalventilationcanimprovethecomfortofliversandaregoodfortheir health.Withgoodweatherconditions,reinforcingnaturalventilationishelpfulfor reducingtheoperationtimeofairconditionersandenergyconsumption.Sonatural ventilationshallbespeciallyemphasizedforgreenbuildings. Whetheraresidentialbuildingcangetsufficientnaturalventilationiscloselyrelated totheareaofventilationhatch.Minimumarearatiobetweentheventilationhatchof livingspaceandthefloorboardisstipulatedinthisarticle.Generally,whenthearea ratiobetweentheventilationhatchandthefloorboardisnotlessthan5%,theroom cangetgoodnaturalventilation.Duetodifferentclimateandlivinghabits,in southernregions,naturalventilationofroomsismoreemphasized.Therefore,this articlestipulatesthatinhotinsummerandwarminwinterandhotinsummer andcoldinwinterregions,thearearatiobetweentheventilationhatchandthefloor boardisnotlessthan8%. Theeffectofnaturalventilationisnotonlyrelatedwiththearearatiobetweenthe ventilationhatchandthefloorboard,butactuallyinterpositionsofventilation hatches.Inthedesignprocess,positionsofventilationhatchesshallbeconsidered, togenerateroomgothroughwindtothebestofitsadvantage. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingventilationsimulationcalculation reports,designpapersandonsiteverification. 4.5.5InGB50325ofRegulationsonControloverIndoorEnvironmentPollution forCivilBuildings,fivekindsofairpollutantsharmfultohumanhealth,i.e. dissociativeformaldehyde,benzene,ammonia,radonandTVOC,arelistedout, andrequirementsandmeasureoncontrollingtheirvitalityanddensityarealso released.Asforgreenbuildings,regulationsofthisarticlemustbesatisfied. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtestreports. 4.5.6Besidesthefunctionsofnaturalventilationanddaylighting,thewindowsof residentialbuildingscanstillserveasabridgetoconnectinsideandoutside visually.Goodeyeshotisgoodforliversjoyfulmood. Residentialbuildingsinmoderncitiesareusuallybuiltinrowsandstrips,withshort distancebetween,soelaboratedesignshallbemadetoavoidvisualinterference betweendifferenthouseholds. Bathroomisanairpollutingsourceinsideresidentialbuildings.Openingexternal windowsinbathroomscanhelpdischargestagnantair.Butingraphiclayoutfor insidespace,itsusuallyhardtoensureabathroombesideexternalwalls.

Therefore,thisarticlestipulatesthatifasuitehasmultiplebathrooms,thenatleast oneofthemhasexternalwindows. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandonsite verification. 4.5.7InGB50176ofRegulationsonThermalEngineeringforCivilBuildings,lots ofbasicrequirementsarereleasedonthermalengineeringofbuildingfencing structure,anditsstipulatedthatdewcongealingisnotallowedoninnersurfaceof externalfencingstructure,whichshallbeabidedbyforgreenbuildings. Dewcongealingoninnersurfaceofexternalfencingstructurewillcause inconvenienceforresidentslives,andifworse,willleadtobreedingofmildew, affectingindoorhygiene.Greenbuildingsshallofferagoodindoorenvironmentfor livers,sodewcongealingshallnotappearinthedesignedindoortemperatureand humidityconditions.Besidesfromovermoistair,toolowtemperatureonthe surfaceisthedirectreasonleadingtodewcongealing.Generally,itsnotlikelyto havelargescaledewcongealingoninnersurfaceofexternalfencingstructureof residentialbuildings.Dewcongealingusuallyappearonmetalwindowframes, surfaceofwindowglass,wallcorner,andhotfrequencybridgepossiblyonwall surface.Inthedesignandconstructionofgreenbuildings,itshallbefiguredout whetherthetemperatureofinnersurfacewheredewcongealingislikelytohappenis higherthandewcongealingtemperature,andcorrespondingmeasureshallbetaken toavoiddewcongealingindesignedindoortemperatureandhumidityconditions. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapers,computationbooks andonsiteverification. 4.5.8InGB50176ofRegulationsonThermalEngineeringforCivilBuildings,lots ofbasicrequirementsarereleasedonthermalengineeringofbuildingfencing structure,anditsstipulatedthatintheconditionofnaturalventilation,the temperaturesofroof,innersurfacesofeastandwestexternalwallscannotbetoo high.Thetemperaturesofroofandinnersurfaceofexternalwallswilldirectlyaffect peoplescomfortinsidetheroom.Andcontrollingthetemperaturesofroof,inner surfacesofexternalwallsatanottoohighlevelcanmakeliversuseairconditioners lessthanbeforeandgeneratemoreventilation,whichisgoodforimprovingindoor comfortandalsoreducingenergyconsumptionofairconditioners.InRegulations onThermalEngineeringforCivilBuildings,methodsofcalculatingthetemperatures ofroof,innersurfacesofeastandwestexternalwallsintheconditionofnatural ventilationarestipulatedindetail. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandcomputation books. 4.5.9Intheviewofcomfort,energysavingandchargedservice,intheresidential buildingswhereheatingequipmentorairconditioningsystemsareadopted,users

shouldbeabletoselfadjustroomtemperature. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandonsite verification. 4.5.10Strongsunlightinsummer,goingthroughwindowglassintoindoorarea, willcauseliversdiscomfort,andmeanwhilelargelyincreaseworkloadof airconditioners.Itsquitecommontomountcurtainsinsidewindows,butwhen shieldingdirectsunlight,theinsidecurtainsalsoshielddispersedsunlightand affectedindoornaturaldaylighting.Andinsidecurtainsareoflittlehelptoreduce increasedairconditionerworkloadcausedbydirectsunlightintotheroom.Soa kindofadjustablesunlightshieddevicecanbeinstalledoutsidethewindow,andits positioncanbeadjustedasneededtoavoidstrongsunlightinsummerdirectly goingintoindoorareathoughwindowglass,andtoimproveliverscomfort. Outsideadjustablesunlightshielddeviceisofbighelptosaveenergyinsummer.In manyresidentialbuildings,indaytimefromMondaytoFriday,thereisnoperson.If thewindowisequippedwithreliableandadjustablesunlightshielddevice(like movablerolledcurtain),indaytimemostofsunradiationcanbepreventedoutof theroombymeansoftheoutsidesunlightshielddevice,andtheoperationtimeof airconditionerscanbegreatlyreducedatnight. Whytheoutsidesunlightshielddevicehastobeadjustableisthat,nomatterinthe viewofphysiologyorpsychology,liversdemandsforsunlightintotheroomin winterandsummerarecompletelyopposite,whilefixedoutsidesunlightshield devicecannotproperlysatisfythetwooppositedemands. Outsideadjustablesunlightshielddeviceshallbereliable,durableandnicelooking. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandonsite verification. 4.5.11Ventilationforairexchangeisaneffectivemeasuretoreduceindoorair pollution.Installmentoffreshairexchangesystemsisbeneficialforintroductionof outdoorfreshairanddischargeofindoorstagnantair,toguaranteeindoorair qualityandsatisfyrequirementsforhumanbodyhealth.Tosatisfynormalphysical demandofhumanbody,theamountoffreshairforshallreach30meachhourfor eachperson.Indoorairqualitymonitoringdevicecanautomaticallymonitorindoor airquality,mainlymeasuringthedensityofcarbondioxide,withthealarming function. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 4.5.12Usingfunctionalmaterialsthatcanaccumulatepower,adjustmoistureor improveindoorairqualityforbedroomsandlivingrooms,isgoodforreducing energyconsumptionforheatingequipmentandairconditioners,andimproving indoorenvironment.Althoughincurrentmarket,thereareonlyafewsuchkindof

functionalmaterialsthatcanbeappliedinlargescale,asforgreenbuildings,its encouragedtodevelopandusethiskindoffunctionalmaterials.Nowthese materialsthatarerelativelymatureincludenanocomplexphasecoatedmaterials withairpurificationfunction,materialswithaniongenerationfunction,rareearth activationandantibacterialhealthcarematerials,moistureadjustmentmaterials, temperatureadjustmentmaterials,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments,product testreportsandonsiteverification. 4.6OperationManagement 4.6.1Propertymanagementcompaniesshallsubmitthemanagementsystems regardingenergysaving,watersaving,materialssavingandgreencoverage, indicatingtheeffectofimplementation.Energysavingmanagementsystemmainly includes:energysavingmanagementmodeformulatedbylandownerandproperty keepertogethermeasurementandchargebyhouseholdandtypecreateenergy savingmanagementmechanismsinsidethepropertykeeperenergysavingindicator reachestherequirementsofdesign.Watersavingmanagementsystemmainly includes:formulatewatersavingplansaccordingtotheprincipleofsuperior qualityforsuperiorpurposes,inferiorqualityforinferiorpurposesmeasurement andchargebyhouseholdandtypecreatewatersavingmanagementmechanisms insidethepropertykeeperwatersavingindicatorreachestherequirementsof design.Materialsconsumptionmanagementsystemmainlyincludes:establish maintenancesystemsforbuildings,equipmentandsystems,toreducematerials consumptioncausedbyrepairsestablishpropertymaterialsconsumption managementsystemandchoosegreenmaterials.Greencoveragemanagement systemmainlyincludes:measurethewaterusedforgreencoverage,establishand improvewatersavingirrigationsystemsregulatetheusageofinsecticide, weedicide,fertilizer,pesticideandotherchemicals,toeffectivelyavoiddamageto soilandgroundwaterenvironment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthemanagementrecordsand documentsregardingenergysaving,watersaving,materialssavingandgreen coverage,andonsiteinspectionanduserspotcheck. 4.6.3Considerationshallbefirstgiventotheproperplanningofoverallsystems likegarbagecollectionandtransportation.Iftherearesmallgarbagetreatment facilities,therationalityoftheirarrangementshallbeconsidered.Nextisproperty managementcompaniesshallsubmitgarbagemanagementsystems,indicatingthe effectofimplementation.Garbagemanagementsystemincludesgarbage managementoperationmanual,managementfacilities,managementfees,manpower allocationandinstitutionalworkallotment,supervisorymechanism,regularjob

training,emergencyresponseandreactionsystem,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewinggarbagemanagementsystemsand overallplanningincludinggarbagecollectionandtransportationaswellasonsite verification. 4.6.4Dustbinsareusuallyplacedinahiddenpositionneartheentranceorexitof residentialunits.Thequantity,lookandcolorofdustbinsshallbeinlinewiththe requirementsforgarbagecollectionbycategory.Therearetwotypesofdustbins, fixedandmovable,andthespecificationshallbeinlinewithrelatedstatestandards. Inselectionofdustbins,goodlookandfunctionsshallbothbeconsideredandthe productsshallbeinharmonywithsurroundingscenery.Theyarerequiredtobe solid,durableandstabletostand.Usuallydustbinscanbemadefromstainless steel,wood,stone,concrete,GRCandceramicmaterials. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteverification. 4.6.5Theappearanceofgarbagestations(rooms)aswellasenvironmentalhygiene shallbeemphasized,toimprovethequalityofthelivingenvironment.Flushingand drainagefacilitiesshallbeinstalledingarbagestations(rooms),andthestored garbagecanbeclearedandtransportedintime,nottopollutiontheenvironment andnottoemitsmellyodor. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteinspectionanduserspotcheck. 4.6.6Constructionofsafeguardingsubsystem,managementandequipment monitoringsubsystemandinformationnetworksubsystemshallbeconducted, accordingtothebasicconfigurationlistedinCJ/T174ofIntelligenceSystem ConfigurationandTechnicalRequirementsforResidentialAreas,basedonthe realityofthequarters. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewinginspectionandacceptancereports onintelligencesystems,onsiteinspectionofallsystemsaswellasuserspotcheck. 4.6.7Thisarticlerequiresusingnonenvironmentalpollutionantipestprevention technologytoregulateusageofinsecticide,weedicide,fertilizer,pesticideandother chemicals.Occurrenceandproliferationofpestswilldirectlyleadtodeclined growthqualityoftrees,destroyecologicenvironmentandbiologicaldiversity. Forecastonitshallbereinforcedtostrictlycontrolthepromotionandproliferation ofpests.Tocarryoutantipestpreventionworkmorescientifically,biological preventionshallbecombinedwithchemicalprevention.Pesticideshallbeused scientificallytogreatlypromotenonenvironmentalpollutionpreventiontechnology, likebiologicalpharmacyandbionicpharmacy.TheproportionofBiologicaland nonenvironmentalpollutionpreventionshallbeincreasedtoensurehumanand animalsafety,protectbeneficialcreatures,preventenvironmentpollutionand promotesustainabledevelopmentofecology. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingstocklistsofchemicalsand

recordsofusageaswellasonsiteverification. 4.6.8Regularlytrimroadsidetrees,flowersandshrub,greenfences,andtrimgreen lawnsintime.Carryoutforecastandpreventionworkagainstpestontreesintime, toguaranteenofulminantpestplagueagainsttrees,andkeeplawnsandlandsintact toensurehighsurvivalrateoftrees,whileover98%foroldtreesandover85%for newlyplantedones.Treesindangerandalreadywitheredtreesshallbehandledin timewhendiscovered. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteverificationandusersurvey. 4.6.9ISO14001istheenvironmentmanagementstandard,whichincludes environmentmanagementsystem,environmentreview,environmentsign,complete lifecircle,etc.inthepurposeofguidingallorganizationstoconductrightbehaviors fortheenvironment.Itistheneedofimprovingenvironmentmanagementlevelfor propertymanagementunittopasstheenvironmentsystemcertificationbyISO 14001.Savingenergy,reducingenergyconsumption,reducingexpenditureon environmentprotectionandreducingcostcanreducetheenvironmentriskscaused bypollutionaccidentsorviolationoflawsandrules. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingcertificates. 4.6.10Garbagecollectionbycategorymeansthrowinggarbagebycategoryatthe beginningpointandtreatingitbycategoryorturningitbackresourcethrough sortedclearing,transportationandrecycling.Garbagecollectionbycategoryare goodforresourcerecycling,andalsocanmakeiteasiertotreatnoxiousand harmfulsubstance,andcanreducetheamountfortreatmentandreducethecostin transportationandprocessing.Inmanyadvancecountries,garbageresource recyclingindustryoccupiesanimportantpartintheindustrialstructure,evenwith lawstorestrictpeopletoplacegarbagebycategory.Garbagecollectionby categoryratereferstotheproportionofthosehouseholdsforwhomgarbage collectionbycategoryareimplementedinthetotalhouseholds.Thisarticlerequires morethan90%asforgarbagecollectionbycategoryrate. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteverificationanduserspotcheck. 4.6.11Thelivesofequipmentandpipelinesinbuildingsarecommonlyshorterthan thoseofbuildingstructure,sothelayoutofallequipmentand pipelinesshallbeconvenientforfuturerepairs,renovationandreplacement.Tube wellcanbesetinpublicpartstoreducedisturbancetoresidents.Theequipment andpipelinesforpublicuseshallbesetinpublicpartstofacilitatedailyrepairsand replacement. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocumentsofrelated equipmentandpipelinesandonsiteverification. 4.6.12Therealotofwaystotreatdailylifegarbage,mainlyincludingsanitized burial,incinerationandbiologicaltreatment.Becausebiologicaltreatmentoforganic

familygarbagehassomefeatureslikelowerquantityandgoodresourceutilization effect,itsbeenpromotedtousetocertainextent.Biologicaldegradationoforganic familygarbageistheresultofinteractionamongvariousmicrobes.Itsoneofthe developmenttrendstoinoculatescreenedeffectivemicrobestoorganicfamily garbageanddegradedailylifegarbagebycotreatmenttechniqueofOxandAn.But thepreconditionisgarbagesortation,toimprovethepercentageoforganicmatterin garbageforbiologicaltreatment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocumentsregarding garbagetreatmentroomsandonsiteverification.

4.

PublicBuildings
1.

LandSavingandOutdoorEnvironment 5.1.1Intheprocessofbuilding,theoriginalterrainofthelandshallbemaintained aswellaspossible,sothatadditionalinvestmentonflattingthelandand constructionworkloadcanbereduced,andalsodestructiononoriginalecology duetolandconstructioncanbeavoided.Thevaluabletrees,poolsandwater systemsofthelandnotonlypossesshighecologicvalue,butinherithistoricaland cultureheritageoftheregionwherethelandislocated,andtheyarealsoimportant scenerysighoftheregion.Therefore,theyshallbeprotectedaccordingtorelated stateregulationsincludingUrbanGreenCoverageRegulations(No.100,State CouncilDirection,1992).Ifthereisindeedaneedtorenovatetheterrain,water

system,vegetationandotherenvironmentalfactorsofthelandbecauseof constructionanddevelopment,aftertheprojectends,theconstructionpartywillbe inspiredtotakecorrespondingmeasurestorestorethelandcircumstance,reduce changestotheoriginalsurroundingsandavoiddamagetotheoverallurban environmentduetoexcesslanddevelopment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewinglandterrainmapsandrelated documents. 5.1.2Naturaldisasterslikefloodandmudrockflow,cancausefataldamageto constructionlandsradonisakindofcolorlessandsmelllesscarcinogenthat mainlyexistsinsoilandstones,anditcangeneratehugeharmtohumanbodiesif humanbodiesareexposedtocertainamountofradiationthatcrossesthesafeline foralongtime,cellswillbeinjuredorkilledinalargescaleanditcanleadtoaslew ofillness.Therealotofpollutingsourcesthatcanproduceelectromagneticwave radiation,suchasTVbroadcasttower,radarstation,communicationtransmission station,transformersubstation,highvoltagewires,etc.Plus,inoildepots,gas stationsandtoxicmaterialworkshops,thereexistpossibilitiesoffires,explosion andtoxicgasleakage.Hence,inselectionofsitesforgreenbuildings,relatedstate securityregulationsandthisarticlemustbeabidedby. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingsiteinspectionreportsand rationalityofreplyingmeasures. 5.1.3Itisoneofthebasicprinciplesforgreenbuildingsnottogenerateinfluence onsurroundingsinprojectconstruction.Asforpublicconstruction,itshallbe avoidedthatbuildinglayoutorshapegeneratesnegativeimpactonthe surroundings,especiallylightpollutiontoambientenvironmentandsunlightshield againstnearbyresidentialbuildings.Recently,mirrorlikeglassisusedonthewalls ofsomepublicbuildings,andwhendirectsunlightandlightfromtheskyhitit,it willgeneratereflectivelightandpolarizinglight,andmayconsequentlycause potentialsecurityrisksontheroadandwhentopbuildingsonbothsidesofastreet useglasswallstogether,duetomultireflectionbetweenthebigglassandthen reflectionfrommultiplesources,therewillbelightdisorderandinterferencewhich areharmfultoresidentialbuildings,passengersandvehiclespassingbyandshallbe avoided.Whatsmore,ifthereareresidentialbuildingsnearpublicones,toomuch shieldshallbeavoidedtoguaranteethepublicbuildingssatisfytherequirementson sunlightstandards. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingpapersandonsiteinspectionafter running. 5.1.4Nearthelandofaconstructionproject,thereshouldnotexistanypollution sourcewherepollutantdischargeexceedsthestandards,includingkitchenswhere oilandsmokearenotdischargedasthestandardsrequire,garages,coalburning

boilerworkshopswheredischargeexceedsthestandards,garbagestations,garbage treatmentplantandotherindustrialprojectsotherwisetheatmosphereovertheland willbecontaminated,affectingpeoplesindoorandoutdoorworkandlives,which iscontrarytogreenbuildingconcept. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingenvironmentevaluationreportsand onsiteverificationafterrunning. 5.1.5Intheconstructiondesignproposalsubmittedtotheengineeringunit (regulatoryunit)byconstructionunit,technicaltreatmentandproceduresthatcan effectivelycontroldownthedusthavetobepresentedandactuallyimplemented,to reducepollutiontotheaircausedbyconstruction. Todecreasedamagetothesoilduringconstruction,allpossibleeffectonsoil causedbyvariouspollutionsourcesanddestructivefactorsshallberecognized basedonthefeaturesoftheconstructionprojectandsoilconditionsofthe constructionland,andcorrespondingmeasuresandactionsshallbeofferedto avoid,eliminate,mitigateerosionandpollutionagainstthesoil. Sewagefromconstructionsiteusuallycontainsmuchsandandishighinacidityand alkalinity.Ifnotproperlytreated,itwillgeneratenegativeimpactonpublicdrainage systemsandwaterecologicsystems.Therefore,therequirementsinGB8978of GeneralStandardonSewageDischargemustbestrictlyexecuted. Noisefromconstructionreferstothesoundgeneratedinthetimeofconstruction thatdisturbsthesurroundings.Noiseloweringmeasuresshallbeestablishedfor constructionsites,tomakenoiseemissionreachorbetterthantherequirementin GB12523ofNoiseLimitationforConstructionSites. Polarizinglightgeneratedfromelectricweldingonconstructionsitesandfloodlight usedinnightwork,isamainsourceoflightpollutioninconstruction.Construction unitsshallselectproperlightingmethodsandtechniques,toreducelightpollutionto nonlightingareaandnearbyareaatnightasmuchaspossible. Tosetfencesinconstructionsites,theheightandmaterialsmustreachrelatedlocal requirements.Andsafetymeasuresshallbeadoptedtosecuresurroundingpeople andfacilitiesneartheconstructionsite. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddocumentsregardingthe controlinconstruction. 5.1.6Asforpublicbuildings,theyshallbeclassifiedbytypetorespectivelysatisfy thesurroundingnoisestandardstipulatedinGB3096ofSurroundingNoises StandardsforUrbanAreas.Currentnoisesituationaroundthesiteisrequiredtobe inspected,andsurroundingnoisesaftertheplanisimplementedarerequiredtobe predicted.Whennoisesensitivebuildingstobebuiltcannotavoidbeingcloseto traffictrunklinesorstayfarawayfromfixednoisesources,relatedmeasureswill betakentoreducenoisedisturbance.Asforbothsidesoftraffictrunklines,though

therequirementonsurroundingnoisesissatisfied:indaytime,LAeq70dB(A),and atnight,LAeq55dB(A),itdoesntmeanthatitsquietinsidethepublicbuildings closetothestreet,andsoundproofmeasuresstillneedtobetakenonfencing structureslikeroadsidewindows. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingenvironmentevaluationreportsand onsiteinspectionreportsafterrunning. 5.1.7Thecomingofhighbuildingsandsuperhighbuildingsgraduallybringsthe issuesregardingrewindandsecondwindtothetable.Amonglargequantitiesof highandlowbuildings,impropersinglebuildingdesignandmasslayoutmaylead todifficultiesinwalkingoraccidentslikestrongwindblowingoffstuffbreaking glass. Asresearchresultindicates,thespeedofwindabove1.5mfromthegroundin walkingareanearbuildings()isrecommendedtobe5m/s,toensurepeoples normaloutdooractivities.Plus,badventilationwillseriouslypreventairflow,and createwindlessareaoreddyingareainsomeregions,whichisveryharmfulto outdoorheatexhaustandpollutiondispersion,soitshallbeavoidedtothebestof abilities.Winterwillbetheseasonformajorevaluation,sinceformajorityofcities, mostcasesthatwindspeedisaround5m/shappeninwinter. Naturalventilationinsummerandtransitionalseasonsisveryimportantforenergy savingforbuildings.Andmore,itsinvolvedwithcomfortofoutdoorenvironment. Notonlyhotandpoorenvironmentforlargeoutdoorplacesinsummerwillaffect thesenseofcomfort,butwhenthecomfortoftemperatureexceedsultimatelimit, longtimestaywillcauseuncomfortablenessorevensunstrokeinalargeproportion ofpeople.Asforlargepublicbuildings,evaluationonoutdoorcomfortof temperaturecanbeconductedwithconsiderationofventilation. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingwindsimulationforecastanalysis reportsoronsitetestreportsafterrunningintheplanninganddesignforthe residentialarea. 5.1.8Greencoverageisanimportantpartofurbanenvironmentconstructionand ofimprovingecologicenvironmentandlifequality.Togreatlyimproveurban ecologicqualityandgreensceneryenvironmentquality,largeareapuregreenlawn shallbeavoidedonconstructionlands,anditsencouragedtoimplementgreen coverageonroofsandwalls,sinceitcanactuallyincreasetheareaofgreen coverageandimprovethefunctionsonCO2,anditcanalsoimprovethe warmkeepingandheatproofperformanceofroofsandwallsaswellassaveland. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingbuildingdesignandscenerydesign documentsandonsiteverification. 5.1.9Insettingupplants,abundanceoflocalplantresourcesandfeaturedplants

shallbepresentedtoguaranteelocalfeaturesofthegreenplants.Meanwhile, multigreencoverageincludingarborandshrubshallbeadopted,toformluxuriant urbangreensystems.Itcannotonlyprovidegoodconditionstoshelterusersfrom sunshineandforthemtorelax,butattractvariousanimalsandbirdstosettle nestles,toimprovebenignecologicenvironmentnearthebuildings.Whilelarge puregreenlawnwillnotonlycostmuchinmaintenancefees,butitsecologiceffect willnotbesogoodasmultigreencoverage,soitsrecommendedtouseasless lawnaspossible. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingplanninganddesigndocumentsor scenerydesigndocumentsandonsiteverification. 5.1.10Rapidincreaseofmotors,especiallycars,broughtabigproblemintraffic jamanddifficultyofparking.Asforthebuildingswhichfeaturelargeamountof humanflowandquickassemblingandscattering,toensureconvenientaccessofall personnel,separatetrafficsystemsshallbeorganized,basedontheprincipleof separationofhumanandvehicles,respectivelyforlargeamountofpeopleandsmall amountofspecialpeoplewhousespecifiedvehicles.Atthesametime,its promotedtomainlyrelyonwalkandbus.Sointheplanninganddesignphasefor publicbuildings,directionalsettingofmajoraccessesshallbeemphasizedand closetobusstations. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareviewingtheroadstructurebythelandand whetherthewalkingdistancebetweenthelandandbusstationsreachesthe standard. 5.1.11Asthedevelopmentofthecitiesinourcountryaccelerates,declineinland resourcescomestobeadefinitephenomenon.Developmentandutilizationof undergroundspaceisamajoractionforurbanlandsaving,anditsoneofthe measuresthatlandsavingpromotes.Butinutilizingundergroundspace,theissues regardingflexibleconnectionofundergroundaccessandoverground,ventilation andantileakageshallbeproperlyhandledcombinedwithgeologicsituation,and meanwhilepropermeasuresshallbetakentosaveenergy. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthescaleandfunctionalrationality ofundergroundspaceintheplanninganddesignproposal. 5.1.12Urbandesertedlandsincludenonconstructiveland(thelandsthatarenot usedyetornotavailableforuseduetovariousreasons,suchasbarerocks, stonegravelland,steepslope,subsidedland,saltandalkaliland,wasteland, swampland,desertedkilncave),warehousesandfactoryabandonedlands,etc. Theselandsshallbetheprioroptionforlandsavingforcities,becausethedeserted canbetransformedintobenefitstoimprovecityenvironment,andalsothereis basicallynoproblemsrelatedwithdemolishmentandremovalorsettlement,andits easytoacquiretheselands.Therefore,itsanimportantmeasureforlandsavingto

firstconsiderproperlyreutilizationofthesekindsoflands,buttheoriginallands havetobeinspectedortreated.Forinstance,astosteeplands,theyshallbe dividedintoseparatestagesandreinforcedastowarehousesandfactory abandonedlands,testshallbedoneonwhetherthesoilcontainstoxicmaterialsand relatedtreatmentshallbeconductedbeforethelandscanbeused. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingenvironmentevaluationreportsand therationalityofreplyingmeasuresinplanninganddesign. 5.1.13Fullyutilizingstillusableoldbuildingsisnotonlyanimportantmeasurefor savingland,butacontrollingconditiontoavoiddemolishmentanddisordered construction.Stillusableoldbuildingsrefertotheoldbuildingswhosequality canensuresafetytouseinclusionintotheplanningproject,meansthatasfor utilizationofoldbuildings,originalnatureforusecanbemaintainedorchangedas theplanningrequires,andtheycanbeincludedintheplannedconstructionproject. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingevaluationanalysisreportson originaloldbuildings. 5.1.14Tograduallymitigateincreasingtemperatureinurbanandresidentialareas anddrynessintheclimate,anditcanalleviateheatislandeffect,adjust microclimate,increasetheretentionofrainwaterandgroundwaterfortheland, improveecologicenvironmentandreinforceundergroundpermeableabilityof naturalrainfall,supplementgroundwater,diminishgroundsubsidencecausedby declineinwatertable,mitigatetheloadofdrainagesystems,decreasepeakradial rainwaterflowandimprovedrainageperformance,thisarticleadvancesrelated regulationsontheareaofwaterpenetration. Definitionoflandsofwaterpenetrationinthisarticleis:naturalbareland,public greenland,greencoveragelandandthehollowedandplankedlandwhosehollowed areaequalsorexceeds40%(likesodbricks)landofwaterpenetrationratiorefers totheproportionoftheareaoflandofwaterpenetrationintotaloutdoorfloorarea. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignoflandofwater penetrationinthesitedesignproposalandonsiteverification.

5.2EnergySavingandUtilization
5.2.1Ofthewholeyearenergyconsumptionforpublicbuildings(especiallylarge shoppingmalls,highclasshotels,highclassofficebuildings),around50%to60% isforairconditioning(cooling)andheatingsystem,20%to30%forillumination. Whileoftheenergyconsumptionbyairconditioning(heating),around20%to50% isforheattransmissionbyoutsidefencingstructure(around20%forhotin summerandwarminwinterregions,around35%forhotinsummerandcoldin winterregions,around40%forcoldregionsandaround50%forseverelycold

regions),sothisstandardrequiresenergysavingasforfencingstructureofgreen buildings. Toencouragearchitectsinnovation,therewillbenomandatoryregulationsofon singleparts(likefigurecoefficient,heattransmissioncoefficientonoutsidewall, arearatioofwindowandwall,curtainwallsunlightshieldcoefficient,waysof sunlightshield,etc.)offencingstructureintermsofthermalengineering performance.Onlytheoverallthermalengineeringperformancewillbeconsidered, i.e.evaluationismadebyusingthebalancingjudgmentmethodforthermal engineeringperformanceoffencingstructureinGB50189ofEnergySavingDesign StandardsforPublicBuildings.Whenthedesignedbuildingscannotsatisfyall prescribedindicatorsofthermalengineeringperformanceoffencingstructure designedforenergysavingforpublicbuildings,designparameterscanbeadjusted andenergyconsumptioncanbecalculated,tofinallyaccomplishthepurposethat energyconsumptioninairconditioningandheatingofthedesignedbuildingforthe wholeyearisnothigherthantheenergyconsumptionofreferencebuilding.While thereferencebuildingsfigurecoefficientisexactlythesameastheactualbuilding, andrequirementsonthermalengineeringperformance(includingthermalengineering requirementsforfencingstructure,establishmentofarearatioofwindowsandwalls inallheadingdirections,etc.),allkindsofthermaldisturbance(timesofventilation forairexchange,amountofindoorheatemission,etc.)andbreaklistsshallallbe setaccordingtotherequirementsinArticle4.3ofGB50189ofEnergySaving DesignStandardsforPublicBuildings,andalsotheenergyconsumptionin airconditioningandheatingofreferencebuildinganddesignedbuildingshallbe computedbythesamedynamiccomputationsoftware. Ifrequirementsinrelatedarticlesoflocalenergysavingstandardsforpublic buildingsarehigherthanthatofGB50189,thenevaluationonthermalengineering performanceoffencingstructureofbuildingsshallbebasedontheformer. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 5.2.2Thisarticleoriginatesfromtheregulationsonratedthermalefficiencyof boilersinArticle5.4.3ofGB501892005ofEnergySavingDesignStandardsfor PublicBuildings,andtheregulationsonenergyefficiencyratioofcoldandthermal machinerysetsinArticle5.4.5,5.4.8and5.4.9.Informulatingthestandards,the followingtwostatemandatoryenergyefficiencystandardsarereferredto,i.e.GB 19577ofEnergyEfficiencyLimitationandEnergyEfficiencyClassforCoolWater MachinerySetsandGB19576ofEnergyEfficiencyLimitationandEnergy EfficiencyClassforUnitstyleAirconditioners,andalsonationalenergysaving policiesaswellastheproductdevelopmentlevelinourcountryaretakeninto consideration.Sotheenergyefficiencystandardsofcoldandthermalmachinery

setsareformulatedinascientificandreasonableway. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 5.2.3Properlyutilizingresources,improvingenergyutilizationrateandsaving energyarebasicnationalpoliciesofourcountry.Ifhighlevelelectricpoweris directlytransformedintolowlevelpowerforheatingorairconditioning,thethermal efficiencywillbelow,andoperationcostishigh,soforgreenbuildings,thiskind ofsuperiorqualityforinferiorpurposeswayforenergytransformationand utilizationshallbestrictlyrestricted.Consideringsomebuildingsthatusesolar energyforheating,atnightslackhourelectricityisaccumulatedandsupplemented, andheataccumulationelectricboilerisnotusedinpeakorplainhoursofelectricity consumption,thismethodisbeneficialfornarrowingthedifferencebetweenthe peakandslackhoursindaytimeandatnight,andcanbalanceutilizationofenergy, soitsamethodformacroenergysaving.Thiscaseisaspecialcase,beyondthe limitationofthisarticle. Evaluationforthisarticlerequiresreviewingrelateddesigndocumentsandonsite verification. 5.2.4InreferencetotheregulationsfromArticle6.1.2to6.1.4ofGB50034of BuildingIlluminationDesignStandards,thisarticleadoptsleastperceptible difference(LPD)ofordinaryilluminationinroomsorplacesastheevaluation indicatorforilluminationsenergysaving.Designersshallchoosethelightsource thatarehighinlighteningefficiency,goodincolorrendering,longinservicelife, andwithpropercolortemperatureinlinewiththerequirementsonenvironment protection.Whentheconditionsofpolarizinglightlimitationandlightmatch requirementsaremet,highefficientlighteningtoolsshallbeadopted,andthe efficiencyshallsatisfytheregulationsinList3.3.2ofGB50035ofBuilding IlluminationDesignStandards.Plus,someenergysavingmeasureslikecontrolling byzoneandbytimeslotshallbeadoptedtothebestoftheadvantage. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocumentsrelatedto buildingillumination. 5.2.5Energyconsumptionforpublicbuildingsisrelativelycomplicated.Take airconditioningsystemforexample,itconsistsoffreezer,freezingwaterpump, coolingwaterpump,coolingtower,airconditioningcase,fanpan,etc.Whilenow, inallpublicbuildings,thereisalwaysjustageneralammeter,whichisnotgoodfor energyconsumptiondistributionforallkindsofsystemsandequipmentofthe buildingandmakesithardtodiscoverimproprietyinenergyconsumption. Asfornewpublicbuildings,ithastobetakenintoconsiderationinsystemdesign thatindependentmeasurementoneachenergyconsumingpartisavailable,suchas coldandhotsource,transportationanddistributionsystem,illumination,office equipment,energyconsumptionforheatingwater,etc.Thisisgoodforanalyzing

whetherenergyconsumptionlevelforeachpartandthestructureinpublicbuildings areappropriateornot,andalsohelpstodiscoverproblemsandpropose improvementmeasureinordertoeffectivelypracticeenergysavingforbuildings. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification. 5.2.6Theprincipleofgeneralgraphicdesignforbuildingsisthatinwinter, sufficientsunlightcanbeacquiredanddominantwinddirectioncanbeavoided, andinsummer,naturalventilationcanbeutilizedandattacksfromsunradiationand stormscanbeavoided.Althoughmultiplefactorsshallbeconsideredingeneral graphicdesignforbuildings,andalsorestrictedbylotsofconditionslikesociety, history,culture,terrain,urbanplanning,road,environment,etc.mutualrelationships betweeneachfactorstillneedtobebalancedatthebeginningofthedesign.And throughanalysisonmultipleaspectsandoptimizationofbuildingplanning,asmuch effortaspossibleshallbemadetoimprovetheeffectofnaturalventilationin summeranddaylightinginwinterforbuildings. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 5.2.7Ifthereisgoodandappropriatenaturalventilationintheroom,firstly,natural roomtemperatureinsummercanbesignificantlyloweredtoimproveroom environmentandcomfortsecondly,thelowtemperatureoutdoorairintransitional seasonscanbefullyutilizedtoreducetheoperationtimeofairconditionersinthe roomtosaveenergy.Nomatterinnorthernorsouthernregions,insometimeslots inspring,autumnandwinter,summer,therecommonlyexistsahabitofopening windowstoreinforceroomventilation.Whileiftheopeningareaofoutside windowsistoosmall,itwillstronglyinfluencetheeffectofroomnaturalventilation inthebuilding.Theregulationsofthisarticleareforthepurposeofgainingcomfort andgoodairqualityforpeopleintheroomingoodweather,byopeningoutside windowstoventilateair. Insouthernregionsinourcountry,basedonfieldinvestigationandcomputeraided simulation:whenoutdoordrybulbtemperatureisnothigherthan28,andrelative humidityislowerthan80%,andoutdoorwindspeedisataround1.5m/s,thenifthe openingareaofoutsidewindowsisnotlessthan8%oftheroomfloorarea,most indoorareacanreachthelevelofthermalcomfortwhilewhenindoorventilationis poororoutsidewindowsareclosed,andindoordrybulbtemperatureis26,and relativehumidityisaround80%,peopleintheroomwillstillfeelalittlemuggy. Analysisoncehasbeenconductedonmeteorologicaldatafromtypicalhotin summerandwarminwintercities,whichindicatedthatfromMaytoOctober,for someregions,thenumberofdayswhenaverageoutdoortemperaturewasnot higherthan28accountedforupto60%to70%,andeveninthehottestmonth, theproportioncouldreacharound10%,whiletheoutdoorwindspeedin

correspondingtimeslotscouldmostlyhitaround1.5m/s.Therefore,makinggood designfornaturalventilationandguaranteeingcertainopeningareaofoutside windowscanreduceoperationtimeofroomairconditionersandsaveenergyas wellasimprovecomfort. Also,asforcurtainwallsofbuildings,itsrecommendedtohaveopenablepartsor ventilationequipmentforthepurposeofimprovingindoorcomfortinthebuilding. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 5.2.8Toguaranteeenergysavingforbuildings,avoidtoomuchoutdoorair penetratedintotheroominsummerandwinter,thereharesomehighrequirements onairproofperformanceofoutsidewindows. Thisstandardrequiresthattheairprooffunctionofoutsidewindowsisnotlower thantherequirementofClass4incurrentnationalstandard,GB/T7107of ClassificationandTestingMethodsofAirproofFunctionofOutsideWindowsfor Buildings,i.e.undertheatmosphericpressureof10Pa,amountofairpenetrationis between0.5to1.5mpermeterperhour,andamountofairpenetrationisbetween 1.5to4.5mpersquaremeterperhour. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtestingreportsonoutsidewindows productsbasedonthedesigndocuments. 5.2.9Coldnessandheataccumulationtechnology,thoughintheviewofenergy transformationandutilization,doesnotsaveenergyithaspositiveeffectinterms ofadjustmentofdifferencebetweenelectricityconsumptioninpeakandslack hoursindaytimeandatnight.Itcansatisfytherequirementsonenergystructure adjustmentandenvironmentprotection,soitsencouragedbygovernmental policiestocertainextent.Therefore,selectioncanmadebasedonlocalresource policies,electricitypriceinpeakandslackhours,resourceshortagesituation, featuresofequipmentandsystems,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand conductinginvestigationonactualsystemoperation. 5.2.10Recyclingtheenergyfromairconditionerexhaustcangainverygood benefitsinenergysavingandtheenvironment.Therefore,itcanbeconsideredto priorrecycletheenergyfromexhaustedair,andespeciallywhenfreshairand exhaustedairaredeliveredthroughdedicatedandseparatepipelines,itsgoodfor settingupcentralheatrecyclingdevice. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand conductinginvestigationonactualsystemoperation. 5.2.11Inairconditioningsystemdesign,notonlyconstructionsituation,butthe operationmodeforthewholeyearshallbeconsidered.Intransitionalseasons,if airconditioningsystemsarerunningintheallfreshairmodeorthemodethatfresh

airproportionisincreased,thenairqualityinairconditionedareawillbeeffectively improved,andtheenergyconsumedforairtreatmentcanbegreatlysaved,sothis wayshallbestronglypromoted.Butifrunninginallfreshairmode,airaccessfor freshairandsectionalareaneededforfreshairtubesmustbeseriouslyconsidered inthedesign,andexhaustoutletmustbeproperlyarranged,toensureproper positivepressurevalueintheroom. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand instructionsofusage. 5.2.12Airconditioningsystemsofmostpublicbuildingsaredesignedaccordingto mostdisadvantageoussituation(fullload).Whilebuildingsarewithpartofloadin mosttime,oronlypartofthebuildingisinuseatthesametime.Soitscrucial whateffectivemeasurestotaketosaveenergy,facedwiththesesituations.System designshallensurewhenthebuildingiswithpartofcoldandheatloadandonly partofthebuildingisinuse,properenergysupplyisavailableasactuallyneeded, andmeanwhilenotloweringenergytransformationefficiency.Toaccomplishthis purpose,thedesignofairconditioningsystemshallbemadebasedontheprinciple ofenergysaving,andcustomizedaccordingtosegmentedairconditioningareas anddifferentroomheadingdirections.Atthesametime,adjustmentmeasureson coldandheatsourcesaswellastransportationanddistributionsystemsarevery necessarywithpartofload. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand conductinginvestigationonactualsystemoperation. 5.2.13AccordingtotheregulationsinArticle5.3.26and5.3.27inGB50189 2005ofEnergySavingDesignStandardsforPublicBuildings,reviewrelateddesign documentstoconductevaluationofthisarticle. 5.2.14Energyconsumptionfordailylifeoccupiesaremarkablepercentagein overallenergyconsumptionofbuildings.Selfpreparingboilerworkshopsto providesteamsorhotwaterfordailylife,suchashotwaterboilerdrivenbynatural gas,willnotonlygeneratemuchpollutiontotheenvironment,butisnotinlinewith theprincipleofsuperiorqualityforsuperiorpurposesintheviewofresource transformationandutilization,soitsnotrecommendedtousethismethod.Its encouragedtouseenergysavingmethodstoprovidehotwaterfordailylife,such ascivicthermalnetwork,heatpump,residualheatfromairconditioners,andother residualheat.Whennoresidualheatisavailable,othersubstitutemethods(like disinfectionbyultravioletradiation)canbeusedinsteamingclotheswashing, disinfection,cooking,etc.Plus,ifinthedesignproposal,heatfromdrainageiswell recycled,andcongealedwaterfromairconditionersorotherresidualheatisutilized aspreheatingtoreduceresourceconsumption,theycanalsoimprovetheenergy utilizationrateofhotwatersystemfordailylife.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand conductinginvestigationonactualsystemoperation. 5.2.15Independentmeasurementofenergyconsumptionineachpartofpublic buildings,ispositivelysignificanttounderstandwhetherenergyconsumptionlevel ofeachpartandenergyconsumptionstructurearereasonableornot,andtotimely discovertheexistingproblemsandprovideimprovementmeasures.Butfor reconstructedandexpandedpublicbuildings,duetopossiblelimitationoforiginal buildingstatusandactualconditions,implementationofindependentmeasurement oneachpartbecomesmoredifficult.Sointhisarticle,reconstructedandexpanded publicbuildingsareregardedasageneraloption,inthepurposeofencouraging implementationofindependentmeasurementoneachpartofenergyconsumptionin reconstructingorexpandingabuilding,forexample,renovatingoriginalroute. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 5.2.16Totalenergyconsumptionofdesignedbuildingsreferstothetotal consumptionofenergyforfencingstructureofbuildings,heatingequipment, ventilation,airconditionersandillumination. Asalotofsurveysandfieldtestsresultsindicate,energyconsumptionlossthough outsidewindowsofbuildingsisthemajorchannelofenergyconsumptionof buildings.Innorthernregionsofourcountry,heattransmissioncoefficientand airprooffunctionofoutsidewindowshaveverybigimpactonenergyconsumption ofheatingforthebuilding,whileinsouthernregions,complexsunlightshield coefficientofoutsidewindowshasevidentimpactonenergyconsumptionof airconditionersinthebuilding. Basedonlimitationoftotalenergyconsumptionofdesignedbuildings,thisarticle aimsatencouragingapplicationofnewpatternconstructioncomponentsandother energysavingtechnology,toimprovetheefficiencyofenergyutilizationsystems forbuildingsaswellastheeffectofenergysaving. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 5.2.17Distributionalheatelectricitycoldnesscogenerationsystemcanthreekinds ofneedi.e.provideelectricity,coldnessandheat(includinghotwater),realizingthe trapeziformutilizationofenergy,andtheenergyutilizationratecanreachmorethan 80%.Thesystemcansharplyreducedischargeofsolidwaste,greenhousegas, NOx,SOxanddust,anditcanalsoreacttoemergencyeventtoensuresafepower supply,andithasbeenwidelyusedworldwide.Thistechnologyhasbeenappliedin afewofprojectsinourcountry,harvestinggoodsocialandeconomicbenefits. Developingdistributionalheatelectricitycoldnesscogenerationtechnologycan lowertheloadinpeakhoursinsummerforelectricnetwork,andsupplementthe usageofgasinslackhoursinsummer.Itcanbalanceenergyutilizationandrealize optimizedenergyallocation.Itsawinwinmeasureofscientificallyandproperly

utilizingenergy.Inapplicationofthistechnology,scientificargumentationmustbe performed,andfeasibilityanalysismustbeconductedonproposalsintheviewof multipleaspects,likeloadforecast,systemconfiguration,operationmode, economicandenvironmentprotectionbenefits. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocuments. 5.2.18Oneofthefeaturesofgreenbuildingsisproperutilizationofrenewable energyandnewenergytechnology.AsArticleTwoofRenewableEnergyLawof thePeoplesRepublicofChinastipulates:Renewableenergystatedhereof,refer tononfossilenergy,likewindenergy,solarenergy,waterenergy,biomassenergy, geothermalenergy,oceanenergy,etc.ArticleSeventeen:Thecountryencourages unitsandindividualstoinstallsystemsusingpolarenergy,likeheatedwatersystems poweredbysolarenergy,heatingandcoolingsystemspoweredbysolarenergy, electricitygenerationsystemspoweredbypolarenergy,etc.Andaccordingto ArticleEightofRegulationsonManagementoverEnergySavingforCivilBuildings, No.143ofcommandbyConstructionMinistryofthePeoplesRepublicofChina, thestateencouragestodevelopthefollowingenergysavingtechnologyand products:(5)applicationtechnologyandequipmentofrenewableenergylikesolar energyandgeothermalenergy.Sointhedesignprocessforgreenbuildings, utilizationofrenewableenergyshallbeconsidered. Chinahasabundantsolarenergyresources,andtheregionswhereyearlysunshine durationexceeds2200hourswithgoodconditionsforsolarenergyutilization accountfor2/3ofthecountrysterritory,sodevelopmentofsolarenergyutilization isoneoftheeffectivemeasurestorealizeChinassustainabledevelopment strategies.From1980s,ourcountryhasmadesomeresearchontheapplicationof passivesolarenergybyurbanmultifloorresidentialbuildingsforheatingand coolingtechnology.Itsbeenapprovedthatfromproperconstructionandthermal engineeringdesign,withadditionalfiniteconstructioninvestment,itspossibleto improveindoortemperaturecomfortinwinterandsummerbyutilizationofpassive solarenergy. Afteralmost20yearsofresearchanddevelopmentofsolarenergywaterheater,the technologyhascometobemature,andtheheateristheoneofthemostpotential productsintermsofdevelopmentincurrentnewenergyandrenewableenergy industryinourcountry.Inrecentyears,yearlygrowthrateofsolarenergywater heaterinthemarkethascomeupto20%to30%.Astheimprovementofurbanand rurallivingstandards,demandforhotwaterfordailylifewillgreatlyincrease.And thecoverageofsolarenergywaterheaterwillgraduallydevelopfromsupplyofhot waterfordailylifetothatforbusinessandindustrialandagricultureproduction. Thedevelopmentofintegrationtechnologycombinedofsolarenergyutilizationand buildingshasgraduallyloweredthecostforhotwatersupplybysolarenergy,

airconditioners,heatingengineering.Itsalsoahugepotentialmarketforsolar energywaterheater. Insunlightphotoelectrictransformationtechnology,productionofsolarbatteries andapplicationofelectricitygenerationsystemspoweredbysolarenergyhave graduallyimproved.Theefficiencyofsinglecrystalsiliconsolarbatteriesand amorphoussiliconsolarbatteriesthatarealreadycommercializedisrespectively 12%to13%and4%to6%.Thereisalsosmallamounttrialproductionofpoly silicon,withtheefficiencybetween10%and12%.In1998,theproductioncapacity ofsolarbatteriesinourcountryis4.5MW,withactualproductionof2.1MW. StateDevelopmentReformationCommitteeissuedmultiplepoliciesincluding OnlineManagementRegulationsonRenewableEnergy,toencourageelectricity generationbysolarenergy. Currentlytherearetwowaysofutilizinggeothermalenergy:oneistoadopt geothermalheatpumpsystemtoutilizetheenergy,andtheotherisutilizingthe energybyundergroundwind.Workprinciplesofgeothermalheatpumpsystems are:workingmediumflowsthroughakindofpipethatisgoodatheattransmission andburiedinsoilorgroundwaterandsurfacewater(includingsewageand seawater),andabsorbtheheatfromsoilorwater(forheating)anddischargeheatto soilorwater(forcooling).Comparedwithairheatpump,itsadvantagesarestable outputandhighefficiency,andsurelywithouttheproblemofdefrosting,and operationfeescanbereducedconsiderably.Ifnearthebuildingthereiscertainarea ofsoilwherespecialplasticpipelinescanbeburied(excavateslotshorizontallyor drillthegroundverticallyforburial),geothermalheatpumpsetscanbeadopted. Toavoidthephenomenonthatutilizationofrenewableenergyisjustamatterof seemtobe,forinstance,puttingoneortwosolarenergylightsoroneortwo piecesofsolarenergyglassasasymboltoblowthetrumpet,butnotemphasizing ontheeffectofenergysavingofconstructionproposalsandselectionofhigh efficientproducts.Therefore,whenusingsolarenergytechnologyforheatingwater, theamountofhotwaterdirectlysuppliedbysolarenergyshallreachmorethan 10%oftotalamountofhotwaterofthebuildingforthewholeyearifusingsolar energyorwindpowertechnologyforelectricitygeneration,thevolumeshallreach morethan2%oftotalelectricityvolumeofthebuildingforthewholeyearasfor utilizationofgeothermalheatpumpsystems,noquantitativecontrolisimposed. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocuments,testreports onproducttypesandonsiteinvestigation. 5.2.19ThetargetvalueofLPDstipulatedinGB50034ofBuildingIllumination DesignStandards,sothisarticleisregardedasaprioroption.Besidesminimizing LPDunderthepreconditionthatilluminationqualityisguaranteed,its recommendedtoadoptautomaticilluminationcontrolmethods,suchas:

automaticallyadjustthebrightnessofmanmadeilluminationaccordingtochangesin outdoornaturallightautomaticlightswitchinofficeroomsbywayofhumanbody sensorormovementsensoradoptautomaticlightadjustmentdevicethatcan reducebrightnessatnightregularlyinhotellobbies,liftsandcorridorsoutsideguest roomsinlargeandmediumsizedbuildings,basedonspecificconditions,adopt centralordecentralized,multifunctionalorsinglefunctionalautomaticillumination controllingsystems. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingrelateddesigndocumentsand onsiteverification.

5.3WaterSavingandWaterResourcesUtilization
5.3.1Asforpublicbuildings,theyareinvolvedwithnotonlyutilizationofindoor waterresources,watersupplyanddrainagesystems,butdrainageofoutdoor rainwaterandsewage,utilizationofnontraditionalwaterresources,greencoverage, watersupplyforscenery,andotherissuedrelatedwithurbanmacrowater environment.Therefore,whenmakingdesignforgreenbuildings,systematic planningshallbeconductedonthewaterenvironmentofbuildings,basedonthe considerationofwatersupplyanddrainage,waterresources,climateandother objectivefactorsofthearea.Planningproposalsonwatersystemshallbe formulated,toproperlyincreaserecyclingrateofwaterresourcesandreducecivic watersupplyandsewagedrainage. Planningproposalsonwatersystemincludeconfirmationonquotaofwater consumption,estimatewaterconsumptionamountandbalanceofwateramount, designofwatersupplyanddrainagesystem,watersavingtools,andutilizationof nontraditionalwaterresources,etc.Basedondifferentsituationsofwater resourcesandclimatefeaturesindifferentregionsaswellasdifferentbuilding types,planningproposalsonwatersystemmayinvolvedifferentcontent.For instance,sewagerecyclingdoesnthavetobeconsideredforregionswithsufficient waterpurposesofwaterforpublicbuildingsoffoodservicearefairlyonefold, withmorethan90%ofwaterisusedinkitchenandlittlewaterforlavatoryflushing, soutilizationofregeneratedwaterdoesntneedtobeconsideredforthiskindof buildings.Therefore,specificcontentsoftheproposalshallbebasedonregional reality. Waterquotaforpublicbuildingsshallbescientificallyandproperlydeterminedin referencewiththatofstatestandardsaswellasthatstipulatedbyotherrelatedwater consumptionstandards,whileconsideringlocaleconomicperformance,climate, habitofwaterconsumptionanddedicatedplansonregionalwater.Generally,water quotainnorthernregionsislowerthensouthernregions. Utilizationofrainwater,regeneratedwater,etc.isanimportantwatersaving

measure,butitshallbeanalyzedbasedonspecificsituation.Asforrainyregions, utilizationofrainwatershallbeemphasized,andforseasideregionsinshortof water,seawaterutilizationshallbereinforced,andforinlandregionsshortofwater, utilizationofregeneratedwatershallbevalued,whilefortheregionswithabundant freshwater,itsnotrecommendedtorecyclesewage.Butforallregions,utilization ofwatersavingtoolsissupposedtobeconsidered. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingplanningproposalsorreportsof water(environment)systemsofbuildings. 5.3.2Planningofwatersupplyanddrainagesystemsforpublicbuildingsshall abidebytheregulationsinGB50015ofRegulationsonWaterSupplyandDrainage DesignforBuildings.Andtheselectionandoperationofwatersupplyfacilities includingpipes,pipelineaccessoriesandequipmentcannotgeneratesecond pollutiontowatersupply.Andenergysavingwatersupplysystemsshallbeprior chosen,suchasinverterwatersupply,pressuresuperposedwatersupply(using civicresidualpressure)systemsProperzoningofwatersupplysystemsforhigh buildings.Lowzonesfullymakeuseofthepressureofcivicwatersupply,and whenhighzonesuseloweringpressureandzoning,thereshouldnotbemorethan onezone,andwaterpressureforeachzoneshouldnotbemorethan0.45MPaand watersavingmeasuresofloweringpressureandlimitingwaterflowshallbe adopted,suchasloweringthewatersupplypressuretonotmorethan0.2MPa beforewatercomestohouseholdwatermetersfromwatersupplysystemsand highefficientandlowconsumptionequipment,likeinverterwatersupply equipment,highefficientwaterpumps,shallbeselectedforwatersupplysystems. Completesewagecollectionanddrainagefacilitiesshallbeestablished.Asforthe publicbuildingsclosetooratcivicdrainagenetwork,thesewagefromthemcanbe drainedintocivicsewagenetworkandtreatedwithurbansewageinacentralized wayasforthesewagefarfromorunabletobedrainedintocivicdrainagesystem, itshallbeseparatelytreated(dispersivetreatment),andcompletesewagetreatment facilitiesshallbeavailable.Thenaftertreatmentitshallbedrainedtonearby acceptingwaters,anditsqualityshallreachrelatednationaldrainagestandards.For theregionsshortofwater,recyclingshallbeconsidered.Sewagetreatmentrate shallreach100%,andqualifieddrainageratemustreach100%. Properplanningshallbeconductedonrainwaterdrainagechannels,penetration channelsandrecyclingmeansbasedontheterrainfeatures,toensureunblocked drainagechannelsanddividerainwaterandsewage,andtoreducethechancethat rainwaterispollutedaswellasproperlymakeuseofrainwaterresourcesasmuch aspossible.Nomatterhowtocollect,treatordrainwaterandsewage,the collection,treatmentanddrainagesystemsshallnotgenerateanynegativeimpacton nearbyhumansandenvironment.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocuments,and reviewingmonitoringreportsoroperationdatareportsagainstwatersupplyand drainagequality. 5.3.3Intheplanninganddesignphase,whenselectingwatersupplyfacilitieslike pipes,pipelineaccessories,itshallbeconsiderednottogeneratesecondpollution towatersupply.Itsrecommendedtochoosehighefficientandlowconsumption equipmentlikeinverterwatersupplyequipment,highefficientwaterpumps,etc. Adoptsomemeasureslikeplacingpipelineliners,placingtubesinsidepipes, sheathingpipelinesinsidepipes,selectinghighperformancevalves,zeroleakage valves,etc.toavoidpipelineleakage.Usewaterbalancetestmethodtotestthe amountofleakageinpipelinesofabuilding/agroupofbuildings,andtheleakage rateshallbelowerthan2%ofselfconsumedamountinpeakdays. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthepapers,designinstructionsand onsiteverification. 5.3.4Equipment,apparatusandtoolsreleasedinthe(product)indexof WatersavingEquipmentCurrentlyEncouragedtoDevelopinChinashallbe chosen.Accordingtodifferentwaterconsumptionsituations,watersavingtaps, watersavinglavatories,watersavingshoweringsettings,etc.shallbeproperly chosen.AllequipmentshallfollowtherequirementsinCJ164ofWatersaving EquipmentandGB/T18870ofTechnicalConditionsandGeneralManagement RulesonWatersavingProducts. Thefollowingwatersavingequipmentcanbeselectedforofficebuildingsand shoppingmalls: 1. Timedelayedautomaticclosuretapslikephotoelectricitysensortaps,and tapswiththefunctionofautomaticclosurewhennowaterrunscanbe selected 2. Sensororhighefficientpaddlingwatersavingurinalsandtwobafflelavatories canbeselected,andnonwashingurinalscanfortheregionslackingwater 3. Vacuumwatersavingtechnologycanbechosenfortheregionsinsevere shortageofwater. Thefollowingwatersavingequipmentcanbeselectedforpublicbuildingslike hotels: 1. Forguestrooms,ceramicvalvetapswiththefunctionofautomaticclosure whennowaterrunstwobafflewatersavinglavatorieswatersaving showeringdevicelikewatertemperatureadjustor,watersavingshowercanbe chosen 2. Forpublicbathrooms,timedelayedautomaticclosuretapsandtapswiththe functionofautomaticclosurewhennowaterrunscanbeselectedSensoror highefficientpaddlingwatersavingurinalsandsquatlavatoriescanbe

selected,andnonwashingurinalscanfortheregionslackingwater 3. Forkitchens,thewatersavingequipmentlikeaircompressedtapsand watersavingdishwasherscanbeselected 4. Highefficientwatersavingwashingmachinescanbeselectedforlaundries. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocuments,product instructionsandonsiteverification. 5.3.5Nontraditionalwaterresourceslikerainwater,regeneratedwater,etc.inthe processofstorage,transportationanddistribution,shallbeguardedwithsufficient capabilityofdisinfectionandsterilization,andwaterqualitycannotbecontaminated toguaranteethesafetyofwaterquality.Watersupplysystemsshallbeequipped withrelatedswitchfacilitieslikebackupwaterresources,spillingdevice,etc.to guaranteethesafetyofwateramount.Certainsafeguardandmonitoringand controllingmeasureshallbeadoptedinthewholeprocessoftreatment,storage, transportationanddistributionforrainwaterandregeneratedwater,inaccordance withrelatedrequirementsinGB50335ofRegulationsonEngineeringDesignof SewageRegenerationandUtilizationandGB50336ofRegulationsonWater DesignforBuildings,toensurehygieneandsafetyintheprocessesoftreatment, storage,transportation,distributionandusageforrainwaterandregeneratedwater, andnottogeneratenegativeimpactonhumanhealthandtheambience.Asto seawater,duetothehighpercentageofsalt,ithastobetakenintoconsideration antisepticissuesforpipesandequipmentandthenissuesregardingdrainageafter use.Whenrainwaterandregeneratedwaterforsceneryisusedforpublicbuildings, intheplanninganddesignphaseforwaterscenery,thedesignandsafeguarding measuresforwaterqualityshallbecombinedintoconsideration. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthepapers,designinstructionsand onsiteverification. 5.3.6Intheplanninganddesignphase,therouteofrainwater(includingrainwater onthegroundandthatonbuildingroofs)flowshallbeplannedanddesignedwell basedonconsiderationoftheterrainfeaturesofthefield,toreducethechancethat rainwateriscontaminated.Usemultiholematerialstopavepublicactivityground, sidewalkandopenparkinglot,tomakeitconvenientforrainwatertopenetrate replacenonpermeabletubeswithpermeabletubesorperforatedtubesfordraining rainwater,withbothfunctionsofpenetrationanddrainageplus,thefollowingcan beadoptedtoincreasepenetration,i.e.permeablewaterstoragepoolforscenery, roofgardenandatrium,permeablewell,greenland,etc. Rainwatertreatmentproposalsshallbedeterminedaftercomparisonofmultiple proposals,basedonlocalrealityandactualconditions.Insouthernrainyregions thatareshortofwater,localclimateconditionsaswellasthebuildingsterrain featuresshallbetakenintoconsideration,tocreatecompleterainwatercollection,

storage,treatmentandutilizationfacilities.Andrainwateronroofsandother nonpermeablesurfacesshallalsobecollectedandutilized.Inrainwatercollection andutilizationsystems,preliminaryrainwaterdrainagedeviceandrainwater adjustmentpoolsshallbeset.Thecollectionandutilizationsystemscanbe combinedwiththedesignofwatersceneryofthegroupofbuildings.Underdrainis aprioroptiontocollectrainwater,andthequalityoftreatedrainwatershallreachthe standardsforcorrespondingpurposes.Itsrecommendedtobeusedforgreen coverage,scenery,airconditioners,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersandonsite verification. 5.3.7Itsaveryimportantpartofreducingcivicwatersupplytousenontraditional watersourcesincludingrainwaterandregeneratedwaterforgreencoverage.Asfor theregionsnotshortofwater,rainwaterisrecommendedtobepriorchosenasthe waterforgreencoverageandfortheregionsshortofwater,rainwateror regeneratedwaterisrecommendedtobepriorchosenforirrigation.Astowater usedforscenery,waterenvironmentplanning,nearbyenvironment,featuresof terrainandclimateshallallbetakenintoconsideration,toadvanceaproper planningproposalofwatersceneryforbuildings.Rainwaterandregeneratedwater shallbepriorconsideredaswaterusedforscenery.Asforothernondrinkingwater touse,likethatforwashingvehicle,firefighting,roadsideirrigation,nontraditional waterresourcesincludingrainwatercanbeproperlyadopted.Whenusingrainwater andregeneratedwaterasthatforgreencoverageandscenery,waterqualityshall meetcorrespondingstandardsandshallnotimposeanythreattopublichygiene. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesigninstructionsandonsite verification. 5.3.8Inirrigationforgreencoverage,itsencouragedtoadoptwatersaving irrigationmethods,likespoutingirrigation,smallamountirrigation,permeable irrigation,irrigationbylowpressuretube,etc.itsrecommendedtousehumidity sensororadjustorthatmakesadjustmentaccordingtoclimatechangetoincrease amountofrainwaterpenetrationandreduceamountofirrigation,forgreenlands, itsrecommendedtousepermeabledrainagepipeswithbothfunctionsof penetrationanddrainage. Thecommonlyusedirrigationmethodsforgreencoverageatpresentare,using specialequipment(generator,waterpump,pipeline)toaddpressuretowater,or makeuseofnaturalfallofwatertodistributethepressedwatertoirrigationfields, andspoutwaterviasprayertotheairwhichisthenscatteredintotinywaterdrops andevenlyspread.Itcansave30%to50%ofwaterthanfieldmassirrigation. Spoutirrigationshallbeconductedwithoutmuchwind.Whenusingregenerated waterforirrigation,sincethemicrobeinthewaterislikelytoprevailintheair,spout

irrigationshallbeavoided. Smallamountirrigationincludesdrippingirrigation,microspoutirrigation,stream irrigationandundergroundpermeableirrigation.Smallamountirrigationmeans feedingwatertoplantrootsinapersistent,evenandcontrollableway,bymeansof lowpressurepipelineanddrippingtiporotherirrigationdevice,whichsaves50% to70%ofwaterthanfieldmassirrigationand15%to20%thanspoutirrigation. Theapertureofirrigationdeviceforsmallamountirrigationisverysmallandeasy togetblocked.Andthewaterforsmallamountirrigationusuallyhastobepurified, precipitatedtoeliminatebigsandsandmud,andthenfiltratedtoremovetiny foreignsubstance.Inspecialcases,medicaltreatmentneedstobedone. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteverification. 5.3.9Undertheprincipleofsavefromthebeginning,fortheregionsshortof water,intheplanninganddesignphase,itshallbeconsideredtoproperlyreutilize sewageaftertreatment,asthewaterforlavatoryflushingandthatforoutdoorgreen coverage,scenery,roadsideirrigationandvehiclewashing.Regeneratedwater includesregeneratedcivicwater(thesourceisthewateroutofurbansewage treatmentfactoriesorurbansewage),regeneratedwaterforbuildings(thesourceis thewaterfromdailylifedrainage,miscellaneousdrainage,superiormiscellaneous drainage).Inselectingwhatwatertouse,thefollowingshallbeconsidered,i.e.city planning,environmentoftheresidentialarea,managementmethodsonwater facilitiesconstructionincities,balanceofamountofwater,etc.anddecisionsshall bemadebasedonvariousaspects,namelyeconomy,technology,waterqualityof thesource,stabilityofwateramount,etc. Ifthereisanycentralregeneratedwaterfactoryneartheresidentialarea,itshallbe consideredfirstlytouselocalcivicregeneratedwaterorcivicregeneratedwater fromtheupperreachesifnot,followthemanagementmethodsonwaterfacilities constructionorotherrelatedregulationsoftheprovinceorcitywherethebuildingis located,todecidewhethertocreatetreatmentfacilitiestotreatregeneratedwaterfor buildings,whileatthesametimeconsideringrecyclingofsuperiorwaterfrom miscellaneousdrainage,thatfrommiscellaneousdrainageandthatfromdailylife drainageoneafterone.Inaword,theselectionofregeneratedwatersourcesand utilizationofregeneratedwatershallbecomprehensivelyconsideredinthe frameworkofareamasterplanandcityplanning. Asforregenerationtreatmenttechnique,itshallbedeterminedafteroveralltechnical andeconomiccomparison,basedontreatmentscale,featuresofwaterquality, utilizationandrecyclingpurposeaswellaslocalrealityandrequirements.Underthe preconditionthatutilizationrequirementsforregenerationaresatisfiedandoperation isstableandreliable,thegeneralfeesforinfrastructureinvestmentandoperation costshallbecontrolledatthemosteconomicpoint.Operationmanagementshallbe

simple,withconvenientcontrolandadjustment.Andmeanwhile,goodsecurityand hygieneconditionsarealsorequired.Allregenerationtreatmenttechniquemusthave thetreatmentofdisinfection,toensurethesafetyofservingwaterquality. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheplanninganddesignpapersand designinstructions,etc. 5.3.10Watermetersshallbesetupaccordingtopurposesofuseandrequirement ofwaterbalanceteststandards.Amountofwaterconsumptionshallbesummarized respectivelyforkitchenuse,greensceneryuse,etc.tomakeitconvenientto summarizeamountofwaterconsumptionandwaterleakageforeachpurpose. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersand onsiteverification. 5.3.11&5.3.12Thefeatureofwaterconsumptioninofficebuildingsandshopping mallsisonefold,withmostofwaterusedforlavatoryflushingandtherestfor washing.Accordingtotheprincipleofsuperiorqualityforsuperiorpurposes, inferiorqualityforinferiorpurposes,watersupplyofdifferentqualityis recommendedforthiskindofbuildings,anduseregeneratedwaterandrainwater forlavatoryflushing.BasedontheregulationsandstandardslikeGB50336of RegulationsonWaterDesignforBuildings,waterforlavatoryflushingaccountsfor morethan60%ofthatoftheofficebuilding.Consideringthatrecyclingwaterthat canbeusedforthiskindofbuildingsissmallinamount,ifonethirdofwaterfor lavatoryflushingandwashingisreplacedbyrainwaterorregeneratedwater,thenthe utilizationrateofrainwaterorregeneratedwaterwillbemorethan20%. Sincehotelsusuallyusecentralairconditioners,regeneratedwaterandwatercanbe usedfortheircooledwater.Asforseasideregions,seawateralsocanbe considered.Soasforthiskindofpublicbuildings,thesituationofregionalwater resourcesandutilizationisrecommendedtobetakenintoconsideration.For waterlackingregions,nontraditionalwaterresourceslikeregeneratedwatercanbe usedforlavatoryflushingandairconditionercooling.Accordingtoregulationsand standardslikeGB50336ofRegulationsonWaterDesignforBuildings,waterfor lavatoryflushingforthiskindofbuildingsaccountforatleast10%oftotalwater consumption.Ifnontraditionalwaterresourcesarealsoadoptedforairconditioner cooling,thenutilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresourceswillnotbelessthan 15%. Utilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresourcescanbecalculatedbythefollowing formula: Ru=Wu/Wt100% Wu=WR+Wr+Ws+Wo Intheformula,Ruutilizationrateofnontraditionalwaterresources,% Wudesignedamountofwaterconsumptionfrom

nontraditionalwaterresources(planninganddesignphase)or actualamount(operationphase),m/a Wtdesignedtotalamountofwaterconsumption(planning anddesignphase)oractualtotalamountofwater consumption,m/a WRdesignedamountofregeneratedwaterconsumption (planninganddesignphase)oractualamountofwater consumption(operationphase),m/a Wtdesignedamountofrainwaterconsumption(planningand designphase)oractualamountofwaterconsumption (operationphase),m/a Wsdesignedamountofseawaterconsumption(planningand designphase)oractualamountofwaterconsumption (operationphase),m/a Woamountofconsumptionofothernontraditionalwater resources(planninganddesignphase)oractualamountof waterconsumption(operationphase),m/a. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesigninstructionbookand reportsonoperationdata(reportsonamountofwaterconsumption),etc.

5.4MaterialsSavingandMaterialsResourcesUtilization
5.4.1Becauseexcessdecorationandpoormaterialsmayproduceindoorpollution, thisarticle,intheviewofcontrollingindoorpollutingsources,arguesthatinthe decorationphase,theconstructionmaterialsthatmeetthestandardsofharmful substancepercentageshallbechosen,toavoidindoorairpollutioncausedby impropermaterialsselected. Decorationmaterialsmainlyincludestonematerial,manmadeplateanditsproduct, constructionpaint,solventpaintforwood,glue,woodmadefurniture,wallpaper, PVCfloorboard,carpet,carpetcushionandcarpetglue,etc.Harmfulsubstancein decorationmaterialsreferrerstoformaldehyde,VOC,benzene,tolueneandxylene, TDIandradioactivenucleus,etc.Thegovernmentissuedninestandardsregarding limitationofharmfulsubstanceinconstructionmaterials(GB18580~GB18588) andthestandardonlimitationofradioactivenucleusinconstructionmaterials(GB 6566).Thepercentageofharmfulsubstanceinconstructionmaterialsusedingreen buildingsmustabidebythefollowingstandards: GB18580ofLimitationofFormaldehydeEmissionfromManmadePlateandits ProductsforIndoorDecoration GB18580ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinSolventPaintforWoodfor

IndoorDecoration GB18582ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinInnerWallPaintforIndoor Decoration GB18583ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinGlueforIndoorDecoration GB18584ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinWoodmadeFurnitureforIndoor Decoration GB18585ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinWallpaperforIndoorDecoration GB18586ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinPVCCarpetforIndoor Decoration GB18587ofLimitationofHarmfulSubstanceinCarpet,CarpetCushionandGlue forCarpetforIndoorDecoration GB18588ofLimitationofAmmoniaEmittedfromAdditionstoConcrete GB6566ofLimitationofradioactivenucleusindecorationmaterials Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingproducttestreportsissuedby qualifiedthirdpartyinspectioninstitute. 5.4.2Constructionisthecombinationofartandtechnology,butitsnotinlinewith thebasicphilosophyofgreenbuildingstopartiallypursuebeautywithsacrificeof hugeresourceconsumption.Indesign,massapplicationofdecorationcomponents withoutfunctionalvalueshallbecontrolled.Decorationcomponentswithout functionalvaluemainlyreferto:(1)plate,gridandtrussthathavenofunctionsof sunlightshield,sunlightimport,windimport,weightupholdingandsupplementto greencoverage,andthataremassusedasconstituentelementinbuildings(2) purelyfortheeffectofsymbols,setirregularpartsliketower,ballandcurved surfaceonroofsandotherplaces(3)theheightofparapetistwicehigherthanthe requiredstandards. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersandonsite verification. 5.4.3Thisarticleencouragesusinglocalproducedconstructionmaterials,and improvingthepercentageoftheconstructionproductsmadefromlocalmaterials. Localizationofconstructionmaterialsisoneoftheimportantmeanstoreduce resourceandenergyconsumptionintransportationprocessandtoease environmentpollution.Calculatetheweightofconstructionmaterialsproduced within500kmintheconstructionmaterialsfortheprojectaswellasthetotalweight ofconstructionmaterialsbasedonthislist,andtheproportionofthemisrequired tobenotlessthan60%. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthelistofmaterialsforproject settlement(includingnamesandaddressesofmaterialsmanufacturers). 5.4.4Greenbuildingspromotetousepremixedconcreted,theapplication techniqueofwhichisalreadyrelativelymature.Relatedstateauthoritieshave

releasedaseriesofdocumentsregardingprohibitionononthespotmixingof concreteinurbanareasfromthespecifieddate,clearlystipulatingitsprohibited tomixconcreteonthespotfromDecember31,2003inurbanareasin124cities includingBeijing,anditsprohibitedtomixconcreteonthespotfromDecember 31,2005inotherprovinces(autonomicregions)municipalities.Comparedwith onthespotmixedconcrete,premixedconcreteguaranteeconcretequality,andthe rateofguaranteeonstrengthcanbemorethan95%itcanreducenoiseson constructionsitesanddustpollutionitcanreducematerialdamageandloss,and canreduceconsumptionofforestresourcesbecauseofsavedcementpackages andhenceprotectbiologicenvironment. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthelistoftotalamountofconcrete usedfortheprojectofferedbytheconstructionunitaswellastheamountof premixedconcreteconsumptioninthepremixedconcretedeliverynoteofferedby theconcretemixingstation. 5.4.5Thisarticleencouragestoproperlyuseconstructionmaterialsthataregoodat durabilityandmaterialssavingingreenbuildings.Highperformanceconcreteand highstrengthsteelareverysuperiorintermsofdurabilityandmaterialssaving.As forconstructionprojects,usingdurablematerialsisthebiggestsavingmeasure. Highstrengthsteelandhighperformanceconcretearealreadystrongintermsof materialssaving.Ifthestrengthofmainstressbearingsteelbarofsteelbarconcrete isimprovedto400~500N/mm,thensteelamountcanbesavedbyaround10% comparingtothestatusquo.AndifconcretecanbeofstrengthbetweenC30~ C40andpartofbuildingsreachC80,thentheamountofconcretecanbesavedby around30%comparedwithcurrentlevel.Usinghighperformanceconcreteand highstrengthsteeltogethercansolvetheproblemswithfatgirderandpillarand increasetheareaforbuildings.Usingthesteelbarswithstrengthofmorethan400 N/mmandhighperformanceconcretewhosestrengthsatisfiesthedesign requirementinthemainbodystructureofsteelbarconcrete,canbeseenas accomplishmentofrequirementsofthisarticle. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthelistofmaterialsforsettlement, constructionrecordsandconcretetestingreports(includingthedurability indicator). 5.4.6Thisarticleencouragesmakingfulluseofthematerialsofoldbuildingsthat aredismantledintheconstructionfiledorcollectedthroughotherchannelsinthe constructionprocess.Andalsothedesertedmaterialsinconstructionandland clearingshallbeutilizedasmuchaspossibletoextendtheirusableduration,inthe purposeofsavingrawmaterials,reducingwaste,andeasingtheaffecttothe environmentcausedbyproductionandtransportationforrenewingtheneeded

materials. Thegarbageanddiscardedstuffshallbesortedonthespot.Thisisthekeypoint andpreconditionforrecyclingthewaste.Directlyreusablematerialsshallbe reutilizedinconstruction,andnodirectlyreusablematerialsshallberecycledand processedviarecyclingenterprises,toavoidwastepollutionandlitteringtothebest ofitsadvantage. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheplanningonmanagementover constructionwasteandtherecordsofrecyclingofwasteintheconstructionfield. 5.4.7Recyclablematerialsinconstructionincludetwoparts,oneisthatmaterials usesarealreadyrecyclablematerialsanotheristhematerialsthatcanberecycled whenthebuildingisdismantled,suchas:metals(steel,copper),glass,aluminium alloy,plastermadeproduct,woodmaterials,etc.Nondegradableconstruction materials,likePVC,dontbelongtorecyclablematerials.Fullyutilizingrecyclable materialscanreducetheenergyandresourceconsumptionandenvironment pollutioncausedbyproductionandprocessingofnewmaterials,andhasvery importantsignificancetothesustainabilityofbuildings. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheamountofconsumptionof relatedmaterialsinthelistofmaterialsforprojectsettlement. 5.4.8Integrationoflandconstructionanddecorationrequiresarchitectstodesign anintegratedplanforlandconstructionanddecoration.Integrateddesignand constructionoflandconstructionanddecorationcancompletelyrepresentthe designintentionofarchitects,andcanreinforceharmonyandunificationofspirit andpresentationofthebuildingaswellasitscompleteness.Meanwhile,to completeintegratedlandconstructionanddecoration,holesonconstruction componentscanbereservedandfixedcomponentsfordecorationcanbe preburiedbeforehand,toavoidchiselingandperforationonexistingconstruction componentsintheconstructionanddecorationphase.Itnotonlyensuresthesafety ofthestructure,butreducesconstructiongarbageitcanalsoensurethatinthe buildingdesignphase,thearchitectreliesonthesizeoffinaldecorationmaterialsto adjustthemeasurementofthebuilding,toensureusingwholepieceofmaterialfor decorationwhereverpossible,reducewasteofmaterialsincornersandangles,save materials,reducenoisepollutioninconstruction,saveconstructiontimefor decorationandenergyconsumption,andtoreducelaborintensityindecoration construction. Theintegrationrequiresalloutcooperationamongthelandowner,designerand constructionparty. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheproofonintegrationofland constructionanddecoration,andcheckingconstructionpapersandthelistofactual workloadinconstructionwhennecessary.

5.4.9Asforofficebuildingsandshoppingmalls,thereisfrequentturnoverinthe users,andofficeequipmentandcommoditylayoutwillbechangedaccordingly. Thispresentsnewrequirementsforindoorspacelayoutofbuildings.Toavoid timesofdecorationandgenerationofwasteduetochangeinspacelayout,thiskind ofbuildings,underthepreconditionthatindoorworkandbusinesssettingarenot influenced,shalladoptmoreflexibleseparationstructure,tosavematerialsand reducedamagetothebuildingcomponentscausedbyrepetitivedecorationwhen thespaceisrearranged. 5.4.10Desertedstuffmainlyincludesdesertedstufffromconstruction,industrial desertedstuff,andthatfromdailylife,anditcanbeusedforproductionofgreen constructionmaterialsasrawmaterials.Underthepreconditionthatperformance requirementsaremet,itsencouragedtouseconcreteblocksmadeofregenerated materialsfromdesertedstuffbyconstruction,cementmadeproductsand regeneratedconcreteitsencouragedtousetheconstructionmaterialslikecement, concrete,wallmaterials,thermalmaterials,thataremadefromindustrialdeserted stuff,strawofcrops,constructiongarbageandsiltitsencouragedtousethe constructionmaterialsmadefromtreateddesertedstufffromdailylife. Toensurequantitativerequirementforusageofdesertedstuff,thisarticlestipulates thattheweightofmaterialsmadefromdesertedstuffaccountsfornotlessthan 30%ofthetotalweightofsametypeconstructionmaterials.Forexample,when usingplasterblocksforinnerwallmaterials,iftheweightofusedindustrialplaster blocksmadefromindustrialplaster(likedesulfurizedplasterandphosphorus plaster)accountsformorethan30%ofthetotalweightofusedplasterblocksin construction,therequirementsinthisarticlearesatisfied. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheamountofconsumptionof relatedmaterialsinthelistofmaterialsforprojectsettlement. 5.4.11Buildingsofdifferenttypesandfeaturesinfunctions,whenusingdifferent structuresystemsandmaterials,haveremarkabledifferenceintermsof consumptionamountofenergyandresourcesaswellastheimpactonthe environment.Atpresent,inthestructuresystemforresidentialbuildingsinour country,therearemainlybrickconcreteprefabricatedmixedstructure, concretecastframeshearwallstructureandconcreteframestructure.Inrecent years,thereisalsomadesomedevelopmentinlightsteelstructure.Inthewhole country,brickconcreteprefabricatedmixedstructurestillleadsmajorpresence, accountingforaround70%ofthetotalbuildingstructuresystem.Nowthe proportionofsteelstructurebuildingsinourcountryislessthan5%.Andforgreen buildings,basedontherequirementsforresourcesavingandenvironment protection,underthepreconditionofsafetyanddurability,itstheprioroptionto choosethebuildingstructuresystemsthatconsumelessresourcesandgenerate

lesseffectontheenvironment,whichmainlyincludelightsteelstructuresystem, blockstructuresystemandwoodstructuresystem. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocuments. 5.4.12Greenbuildingsshallextendthelifecircleoftheconstructionmaterialsthat stillhavevaluetouse,usematerialsrepeatedlyandreduceconsumptionof resourcesandenergyformaterialsproductionaswellastheimpactonthe environmentcausedbymaterialstransportation.Recyclablematerialsincludethe materialsremovedfromoldbuildingsandtheoldbuildingmaterialsrecycledfrom otherplaces.Recyclablematerialsconsistofblocks,brickstones,pipelines,plates, woodcarpets,woodmadeproducts(doorsandwindows),steel,steelbars,partof decorationmaterials,etc.Developersshallprovidethelistofmaterialsforproject settlement,andcalculatetheweightofusedrecyclablematerialsandtotalweightof projectbuildingmaterials,theratiooftwoofwhichistheutilizationrateof recyclablematerials. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheamountofconsumptionof relatedmaterialsinthelistofmaterialsforprojectsettlement.

5.5IndoorEnvironmentQuality
5.5.1Indoorthermalenvironmentreferstoenvironmentalfactorsthataffect peoplesfeelingsontemperature.Thermalcomfortreferstopeoplessubjective thermalreactionsonthermalenvironment,anditspeoplessubjectivefeelingthat theyaresatisfiedwiththethermalenvironment.Itstheresultofinteractionof multiplefactors.Comfortableindoorenvironmentishelpfulforpeoplesmentaland physicalhealth,thenimprovingtheefficiencyofstudyandworkwhilepeoplearein toocoldortoohotenvironment,itwillleadtoillness,affecthealthandeven endangerpeopleslife. Generally,indoortemperature,indoorhumidityandairflowspeedarethemost influentialfactorstopeoplesthermalcomfort,andtheyaretheeasiesttobefelt andrecognizedbyhumanbodywhiletheimpactofenvironmentradiationon humanbodysfeelingontemperatureisverylikelytobeignoredbypeople besides,radiationfromfencingstructurecanalsodirectlyinfluenceindoorair temperature,sothisstandardwillonlyquotethreeparameters,indoortemperature, indoorhumidityandairflowspeedtoevaluateindoorthermalcomfortforhuman body.BasedontherequirementsoncalculationfordesigninEnergySavingDesign StandardsforPublicBuildings,theaboveparameterswillberespectivelycontrolled incorrespondingsectors. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthetestingreportsonroom temperature,humidityandairflowspeedinthebuilding.

5.5.2Becausetheheattransmissioncoefficientsinsomepartsoffencingstructure arefarbiggerthanthatofmainbodypart,hotfrequencybridgeisformed.Themain purposeofrequirementsinthisarticleistopreventsmalltemperaturedifferenceon innerandoutersurfaceofhotfrequencybridgeinheatingperiodinwinter.Andthe temperatureoninnersurfaceislikelytobelowerthandewcongealingtemperature intheroom,resultingindewcongealingontheinnersurfaceofhotfrequency bridgeoffencingstructurealsotoomuchheattransmissiononthesepartsin summerwhenusingairconditionersshallbeavoidednottoincreaseenergy consumptionofairconditioners. Dewcongealingoninnersurfacewillmakethematerialsoninnersurfaceoffencing structuremoist,andislikelytogeneratemildewinpoorventilationconditionsand affectthehealthofindoorpeople.Therefore,properthermalandheatproof measuresshallbetakentoreducelossinheattransmissiononhotfrequencybridge partsoffencingstructure,topreventtoolowtemperatureoninnersurfaceof outsidefencingsstructurelikeoutsidewallsandwindows. Andmore,whenusingradiationairconditioningterminalsoutdoor,closeattention needstobepaidtowatertemperaturecontroltoavoiddewcongealingonthe surface. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthematerialsaboutenergysaving designandsystemdesignforthebuildingaswellasonsitewatch. 5.5.3Theminimumamountoffreshairforpublicbuildingsshallbedetermined accordingtohygienerequirementsonindoorair,peoplesmovementandwork nature,timeofstayintheroom,etc.Asforpublicbuildings,themajorrequirements areoncarbondioxidedensity(requirementsoninhalantgrainscanbemetby measureslikefiltration).Plus,toensuretheimporttotheroomisoutdoorfreshair, pollutingsourceisnotallowedinthewindwardofaccesstofreshairitspromoted toimportfreshairdirectlyintotheroom,shortenthelengthoffreshairtubesand reducepollutionintheroute. Minimumamountoffreshairforpeopleinmajorroomsofpublicbuildingsshallbe determinedaccordingtobuildingtypeandfunctionalrequirements,inreferencewith thestandardsandregulationslikeGB50189ofEnergySavingDesignStandardsfor HotelThermalEngineeringandAirconditioning,GB9663~GB9673ofHygiene StandardsforPublicPlaces,GB16153ofRestaurantHygieneStandards,GB/T 18883ofIndoorAirQualityStandards. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesigninstructionsandonsite testingreports. 5.5.4Healthissuescausedbyindoorairpollutionhavecaughtpeopleseyesin recentyears.Slightreactionsincludestimulustoeyes,noseandrespiratorytract, headache,dizziness,andbodyfatigueseriousreactionsmayleadtorespiratory

organdisease,andevenheartdiseaseandcancer,etc. Therefore,indoorpollutantdensityshallbestrictlycontrolledtoensurepeoples health,basedonregulationsinGB50325ofRegulationsonControloverIndoor PollutionforCivilBuildings. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtestingreports. 5.5.5Indoorbackgroundnoiselevelisoneimportantfactorthataffectsindoor environmentquality.Althoughindoornoise,comparedwithindoorairqualityand thermalcomfort,isusuallynotsoinfluentialtohumanbody,itcancausemultiple aspectsofdamage,includingeardiscomfort,loweringworkefficiency,damaging cardiovascular,leadingtodisorderinnervoussystem,andevenaffectingeyesight, etc. Thefactorsthataffectindoornoisemainlyincludeindoornoisesourceandoutdoor environmentinfluence.Indoornoisemainlycomesfromindoorelectricappliances, whileoutdoorenvironmentaffectsindoornoiseinalongertimertoawiderextent, mainlyincludingtrafficnoise,constructionnoise,businessnoise,industrialnoise, neighborhoodnoise,etc. InGBJ118ofSoundproofDesignRegulationsforCivilBuildings,requirements onallowedindoornoiselevelforhotelsandofficebuildingsarereleasedGB9670 ofShoppingMallandBookstoreHygieneStandardsstipulatesthatbackground noiselevelinshoppingmallsshallnotexceed60dB(A),andbackgroundnoiselevel forstereocountersshallnotexceed85dB(A). Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingonsitetestingreports. 5.5.6Indoorilluminationqualityisoneofimportantfactorsthataffectindoor environmentquality.Goodilluminationcannotonlyincreasepeoplesworkand studyefficiency,butisgoodforpeoplesmentalandphysicalhealthandcan reduceallvocationalillness. Goodandcomfortableilluminationfirstrequiresproperlighteninglevelonthe referenceplane,andnotonlyvisualrequirementshavetobemet,butacomfortable andhealthylightenvironmentatmospherehastobecreatedinthewholebuilding spacestrongpolarizinglightwilldisrupttheharmonyofindoorlightandmake peopleuncomfortable,andislikelytoincreasebodyfatigue,andinseriouscases, peoplemayfeeldizzy,andevenwithtemporaryblindness.Anotherimportantfactor forindoorilluminationqualityisthecolorrenderingofthelightsource.Thedegree ofpresentationoftruecolorbymanmadelightsourceiscalledcolorrenderingof lightsource.Toconductquantitativeevaluationonlightsourcescolorrendering, theconceptofcolorrenderingindexisintroduced.Relyonstandardlightsourceas baseline,andsetitscolorrenderingindexat100.Andtheindicesofotherlight sourcesareallbelow100.Manmadelightandnaturallighthavedifferentspectrum, sotheircolorrenderingindicesaredifferent.Ifthelightcolorisnotinharmonywith

thecolorofthespace,itwillresultinveryinconsistentatmospherewhiletoomuch differenceincolorrenderingofindoorandoutdoorlightsourceswillalsoleadto discomfortandfatigueofeyes,andevenmisjudgmentofobjectcolors. Indoorlightness,uniformpolarizedlightvalue,normalcolorrenderingindexin publicbuildingsshallsatisfytheregulationsinSection5.2ofGB50034ofBuilding IlluminationDesignStandards. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingonsitetestingreports. 5.5.7Naturalventilationmeansairflowpushedbywindpressureorheatpressure. Naturalventilationisanimportantmeanstosaveenergyandimproveindoorair quality,anditsanimportantwayofimprovingindoorthermalcomfort.Therefore, inbuildingdesignandstructuredesign,itsencouragedtoadoptpositivemeasures ofleadingairflowtopromotenaturalventilation,suchasairguidingwall, airpushingwell,etc.toimprovetheefficiencyofindoornaturalventilation. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingdesignpapersandventilation simulationreports. 5.5.8Airconditioningterminalsinpublicbuildingsareimportantmeanstoensure indooruserscomfort.Thepurposeofthisarticleistoeliminatepoor airconditioningterminaldesign,suchasradiationceilingterminaladoptedwithout fullyconsideringdehumidification,unadjustableallairsystemsadoptedforhotels. Whileasforcustomizedairsupplyterminal,dryfanpan,carpetheatingterminal, userscansatisfytheirdemandbyselfadjustmentorautoadjustment,whichisgood forimprovingcomfortinusingthem. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersandonsite verification. 5.5.9Toimprovetheconstructionqualityofhoteltypebuildingsintermsof functions,commonmethodsareprovidingquietindoorenvironmentinsuch buildings,avoidingsounddisturbanceamongdifferentroomsandprotectthe privacyofpeoplesindooractivities,requiringthesoundproofperformanceof fencingstructuresatisfycertainrequirements. Thefencingstructureofhoteltypebuildingsmainlyincludespartitionbetween guestrooms,partition(includingdoor)betweenguestroomandcorridor,outside doorofguestroom(includingwindow),andfloorboardbetweenguestroomsand otherallroomswithvibration.Thisstandardrequiresthattheperformanceof insulationagainstairbornesoundandinsulationagainstsolidbornesoundof relatedfencingstructuremustrespectivelysatisfytherequirementshigherthanClass OneinArticle6.2.1and6.2.2ofGBJ11888ofSoundproofDesignRegulations forCivilBuildings. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingonsitetestingreports. 5.5.10Inpublicbuildings,indoornoiselevelshallbecontrolledaccordingto

relatedhygienestandards,toprotectworkershealthandsafety.Andalsoawork environmentthatcanmaximizeemployeesefficiency,includingsoundenvironment shallbecreated. Sothisrequiresthewholewayconsiderationofproperarrangementofgraphicand spacefunctionsacrossthewholeprocessofbuildingdesign,construction,design andinstallationofequipmentsystems.Anditalsorequiresconsiderationof controllingmeasuresonnoiseandvibrationofequipmentsystemsfromthedesign andinstallationofthem.Inbuildingdesign,placetheroomssensitivetonoisefar awayfromnoisesource,andimplementcontrollingmeasuresfromnoisesources. Thisisusuallythemosteffectiveandeconomicway. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersandonsite examination. 5.5.11Naturallightenvironmentisaworkenvironmentthatpeopleareusedtoand fondofforalongtime.Accordingtovisualtestresultsofallkindsoflightsources, inthesameconditionoflightness,abilityofrecognitionofnaturallightissuperior thanmanmadelight,sonaturallightishelpfulforpeopleswork,life,eyesight protectionandimprovementofworkefficiency.Naturaldaylightingforpublic buildingscannotonlysaveenergyfromillumination,butprovideacomfortableand healthlightenvironmentforindoorvisualwork,anditsanindispensableand crucialpartofgoodindoorenvironmentquality. Thebiggestdisadvantageofnaturaldaylightingisinstabilityanddifficultyin reachingrequireduniformityofindoorlightness.Measureslikeadoptionof reflectorsinthepositionofhighwindowsinthebuilding,cannotonlyimportmore naturallightintotheroom,butimprovetheuniformityandstabilityofnatural daylightingintheroom.Mostregionsinourcountryareintemperatezone,with sufficientnaturallight,whichisabeneficialconditionforutilizationofnaturallight. Inmostdaytime,therearesufficientnaturallightresourcesforutilization.Thisis verysignificanttoenergysavingforillumination. Mainfunctionalspaceemphasizedinthisarticlereferstomajorspaceforuse exceptindoortraffic,bathroom,etc.Thisstandardrequiresthedaylighting coefficientof75%ofmajorfunctionalspacesatisfiestherequirementsinArticle 3.2.2~3.2.7ofGB/T50033ofBuildingDaylightingDesignStandards. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersandrelated analysisortestingreports. 5.5.12Toimprovetheconsciousnessofdesignpersonnelincarryingout regulations,andtoensureconvenienceofaccessforthedisabled,oldfolksand children,andtorepresenthumanityoftheoverallbuildingenvironment,its encouragedtosetnonobstaclefacilitiesinmajormovementspacelikebuilding entrance,lift,restroom,etc.

Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteexamination. 5.5.13Theoutsideshapeofbuildingscanbetakenintoconsiderationtoadopt properoutsidesunlightshieldmeasures,toformanoveralleffectiveoutside sunlightshieldsystem.Throughthesystem,theheatfromsunradiationandthat transmittedfromoutdoorairtofencingstructureaswellasthatfromwindow radiationcanbeefficientlyreduce,whichplaysaveryimportantroleinimproving indoorthermalcomfortinsummer. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticleareonsiteverification. 5.5.14Toprotecthumanhealth,preventandcontrolindoorairpollution,indoor pollutionmonitoringsystemcanbedesignedandinstalledinmajorfunctional rooms,usingsensorstocollectandanalyzethedataregardingtemperature, humidity,carbondioxide,densityofairpollutant,etc.andmeanwhile,thesystem canmonitortheworkstatusofventilationequipmentwhichcanbeconnectedwith indoorairpollutionmonitoringsystemtoautoadjustventilationandensurea healthyindoorairenvironmentallthetime. Theindoorpollutionmonitoringsystemshallbeabletotransfercollecteddatato computersoramonitoringplatform,torealizethefunctionsofdatacollection,data storage,realtimealarm,analysisandsummarizationofhistorydata,treatmentand adjustmentcontrolontheairqualityinpublicplaces,andtoensuregoodairquality intheplaces. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignmaterialsandonsite verification. 5.5.15Toimprovetheeffectofnaturaldaylightingontheground,besidesthe simplemeasureslikeusinglightreflectorsandprismglasswindows,some advancednaturaldaylightingtechnologylikelightpipeandopticalfibercanbe adopted,toimportoutdoornaturallightintothedeepoftheroom,andtoimprove indoorilluminationqualityandtheeffectofnaturallightutilization. Undergroundnaturaldaylightingisnotonlybeneficialforenergysavingfrom illumination,butcanimproveundergroundhygieneenvironment.Duetothe isolationinundergroundspace,naturaldaylightingcanincreaseexchangeofnatural informationfromindoorandoutdoorandreleasepeoplesdepressedmentality meanwhile,naturaldaylightingcanbeusedasareliablelightsourceforemergency illuminationundergroundindaytime.Therealotofwaysfornaturaldaylightingin undergroundspace,likesimplyskylight,daylightingchannel,orsomemature measuresthatareeasytomaintain,likeprismglasswindow,lightpipe,etc. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesignpapersandonsite verification.

5.6OperationManagement
5.6.1Propertymanagementcompaniesshallsubmitthemanagementsystems regardingenergysaving,watersaving,materialssavingandgreencoverage, indicatingtheeffectofimplementation.Energysavingmanagementsystemmainly includes:energysavingmanagementmodechargemodewatersavingmanagement systemmainlyincludes:trapeziformwaterutilizationprincipleandwatersaving proposalmaterialsconsumptionmanagementsystemmainlyincludes:maintenance systemsforbuildings,equipmentandsystems,andmaterialsconsumption managementsystemgreencoveragemanagementsystemmainlyincludes:usage andmeasurementofwaterusedforgreencoverage,andregulationontheusageof insecticide,weedicide,fertilizer,pesticideandotherchemicals. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthemanagementdocumentsand dailymanagementrecordsofthepropertymanagementcompanyaswellasonsite investigation. 5.6.2Intheoperationprocessofbuildings,alotofwastewaterandgaswillbe generated,soadvancedequipmentandmaterialsorothermethodsshallbeselected, withpropertechnologyanddischargemanagementmethods,toeliminateany dischargeofwastewaterandgasnotinlinewiththestandardintheoperation period. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearecheckingtheenvironmentevaluationreports oftheprojectandonsiteinvestigation. 5.6.3Intheoperationprocessofbuildings,alotofgarbagewillappear,including themud,residueandscatteredmortarinthedecorationandmaintenanceprocessof thebuilding,andbricks,stones,brokenconcrete,scraps,packagingmaterials,and desertedpapergeneratedfrommetal,woodandbamboosheets,decoration.And forhoteltypebuildings,therewillstillbekitchengarbage.Soabandonmentor impropertreatmentofsomuchgarbagewillgeneratehugeimpactoncity environment. Therefore,intheoperationprocessofbuildings,thegarbageshallbesortedby source,recyclability,difficultyoftreatment,etc.Recyclethosereusableor recyclablematerialsfornewproduction. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthewastemanagementmeasuresof thepropertykeeperandonsiteverification. 5.6.4Investigationshallbeconductedonthesoilenvironmentsituationofthearea wheretheconstructionlandis.Landplanningproposalsshallbefiguredout,to preventsoilerosionanddegenerationasforthelandneededforconstruction, desertedland,poorlandandwastelandshallbefirstlyconsidered. Whenthesoildugoutispiled,trytoavoidlossandfillitback,balancingthe

amountdugoutandtheamountfilledbackifpossible,itshallbeconsideredto borroworlendsoilresourcesfromortonearbyconstructionland.Goodplough soilintheconstructionlandshallbecollectedandutilized. Intheplanning,thecontinuityoftheroadsduringconstructionandaftercompletion shallbeconsidered.Andalsoapplicationoftemporaryfacilitiesintheoperationof thebuildingshallbeconsideredtoavoidduplicateconstruction. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingtheconstructionreportsand onsiteinvestigation. 5.6.5ISO14001istheenvironmentmanagementstandard,whichincludes environmentmanagementsystem,environmentreview,environmentsign,complete lifecircle,etc.inthepurposeofguidingallorganizationstoconductrightbehaviors fortheenvironment.Itistheneedofimprovingenvironmentmanagementlevelfor propertymanagementunittopasstheenvironmentsystemcertificationbyISO 14001.Andmeanwhilethepropertymanagementcompanyhascomplete managementmeasures,andconducttrainingformanagementpersonnelonaregular base. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingqualificationcertificatesofthe propertymanagementcompany. 5.6.6Thelivesofequipmentandpipelinesinbuildingsarecommonlyshorterthan thoseofbuildingstructure,sothelayoutofallequipmentand pipelinesshallbeconvenientforfuturerepairs,renovationandreplacement.Tube wellcanbesetinpublicpartstoreducedisturbancetousers.Theequipmentand pipelinesforpublicuseshallbesetinpublicpartstofacilitatedailyrepairsand replacement. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocumentsofrelated equipmentandpipelinesandonsiteverification. 5.6.7Beforeturningonairconditioningsystem,thefilter,coolingcoil,heater, humidifler,andcoolingwaterpanofthesystemshallbewhollychecked,washedor replaced,toguaranteetheairsupplybytheairconditionerinlinewiththe requirementsofGB17093ofHygieneStandardsonBacteriaTotalinIndoorAir. Asforspecificmethodsandrequirements,pleaserefertoGB19210ofRegulations onAirconditionerVentilationSystemWashing. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthemanagementmeasuresand maintenancerecordsofthepropertykeeper. 5.6.8Toensurethesecurityandhighefficientoperationofbuildings,properand completebuildinginformationnetworksystemsshallbesetup,basedonGB/T 50314ofIntelligenceBuildingDesignStandardsandRegulationsonCheckand AcceptanceofIntelligenceBuildingEngineeringQuality,tosuccessfullysupportthe applicationofcommunicationsandcomputernetworkandoperateinasafeand

reliableway. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocumentsand operationrecordsregardingthebuildinginformationnetworksystem. 5.6.9Airconditioners,ventilationandilluminationsystemsofpublicbuildings consumethemajorityofenergyintheoperationofthebuilding.Therefore,effective monitoringshallbeconductedonairconditioningandventilationsystems,coldand hotsources,windturbines,waterpumps,etc.tocollectandrecordkeydataona realtimebasereliableandautomatedcontrolshallbedoneontheaboveequipment systemsaccordingtothedesignrequirements.Asforilluminationsystems,besides minimizingthedesignofLPDunderthepreconditionthatilluminationqualityis ensured,sensorortimedelayedautomaticcontrolmethodscanbeadoptedto realizeenergysavingilluminationforthebuildingsoperation. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthedesigndocumentson equipmentselfcontrollingsystemsandonsiteverification. 5.6.10Inthepast,feesofwater,electricity,naturalgas,heat,etc.werecollectedby area,andthereforeuserswerelikelytoignoreenergysaving,anditwasvery commontoseelonglastinglightsonrunningwater.Thisisoneofthemajorpoints ofenergyandresourcewaste,soitshallbetakenasoneofthekeytargetsfor examination.Intermsofhardware,itsrequiredtorecordandmeasureelectricity consumptionandamountofheatandcoldnessbyitemandbyclass.Gettoknow andanalyzetheamountofenergyconsumptionforeachitemofpublicbuildings,to discoverproblemsandprovidenecessarymeansforenergysaving.Andatthe sametime,chargesshallbecollectedbyamountofconsumedresourcessothat landowneranduserscanemphasizeonenergysaving. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthemanagementmeasuresofthe propertykeeperandspottestpropertymanagementcontracts. 5.6.11Managementisthekeymeansofsavingenergyinoperation.Whileinthe past,managementperformancewasusuallynotconnectedwiththeperformanceon energyandresourcessaving.Thereforethepropertykeeperisrequiredto,under thepreconditionthatbuildingsfunctionalrequirementsareguaranteedandthat complaintrateislowerthanrequired,connecteconomicbenefitsoftheproperty directlytotheperformanceofthebuildingsenergyconsumptionandtheusageof waterandofficestuff. Evaluationmethodsforthisarticlearereviewingthecontractbetweenthe landowner,tenantandpropertymanagementcompanyintheoperationperiod.