ANALYSIS OF RATES Definition: In order to determine the rate of a particular item, the factors affecting the rate of that

item are studied carefully and then finally a rate is decided for that item. This process of determining the rates of an item is termed as analysis of rates or rate analysis. The rate of particular item of work depends on the following. Specifications of works and material about their quality, proportion and constructional operation method. Quantity of materials and their costs. Cost of Hire Charges for Plant & Equipment required for carryout the item work. Cost of labours and their wages. Location of site of work and the distances from source and conveyance charges. Overhead and establishment charges may under following heads:-. o General over heads o Job over Heads Contractors Profit

Cost of materials at source and at site of construction. The costs of materials are taken as delivered at site inclusive of the transport local taxes and other charges. Purpose of Analysis of rates: To work out the actual cost of per unit of the items to prepare actual cost of the works for tendering by client and contractor and also for planning & budgeting during execution. To work out the economical use of materials and processes in completing the particulars item. To work out the cost of extra items which are not provided in the contract, but the analysis are to be done as per the directions of the Client / department i.e. as provided in the contract. In some contracts specific guidelines not given to be prepared as per mutual agreed procedure. To revise the budgeted costs i.e. during execution due to increase in the cost of material and labour or due to change in technique.

Quantities of Materials and their Costs: This includes the quantities of various materials for unit quantity of an item followed by the specification and costs of various materials. The cost includes basic cost, freight/ transportation and insurance charges. Labour and Cost: This includes the number and wages of different categories of labourers. Skilled, unskilled etc. Cost of Equipment: For big projects it is necessary to use special type of tools and plants like special type of mixed concrete transport vehicle called transit mixtures, cranes etc. in order to purchase such tools and plants and amount of 2 to 3% of estimated cost is provided in the estimate. Over head Charges: This includes office rent, depreciation of equipments, salaies of office staff, postage, lighting travelling allowances, telephone bills. the contractor may provide small tooks like ladders, trowels, ropes etc., fo his workmen.Here an amount of 5% of estimated cost is provided towards overhead charges. Profit : Generally 10% of estimated cost is considered for contractor's profit after allowing the charges of equipments and establishments. For small jobs 15% and large works 8% profit is considered. PREAMBLE AREA ALLOWANCES: MUNICIPALITIES i) Allow 15% extra over basic rates on labour components works (upto a belt of 12k.m from the Municipal limits in all District Head Quarters for all special class, first class and the remaining Municipalities. ii) For works at Tirumala Hills 30% extra over the S.S.Rates and 30% extra for Hoarsely Hills over the S.S.Rates of (R&B) circle, CHITTOOR is allowed on labour component works. iii) For works located inside Tirumala Temple allow 20% extra over the rate for Tirumala Hills.

Note: For Items (i) above works within a belt of 12 Kilometers from all the Municipal limits shall be taken into account for purpose of allowing the extra percentage. INDUSTRIAL AREA 10% extra over the basic rates on Labour component shall be allowed (upto a belt of 10km from the Municipal limits). RURAL AREA Allow 15% extra on skilled and semi skilled workmen in rural areas where no other allowances including importation of labour and amenities are admissible GHAT ROADS For the Ghat roads steeper than 1 in 20 gradient, the length of the road may be taken as 1.50 times of the existing length of the road for the purpose of leads only for the conveyance of materials based on the certificate for the Ghat Road given by the Superintending Engineer concerned. NOTE: Under the compelling circumstances the concerned Chief Engineer can adopt the equivalent length of the road at 2.5 times of the actual length. JAIL COMPOUNDS 15% extra is allowed over labour rates for the works in the Jails compounds, only equivalent number of men mazdoors shall be provided for works in jail Premises as no women and Children are allowed inside. NOTE: If more than one area allowance such as those for (a) Municipalities, (b) Industrial area ,(c) Ghat Roads are applicable for a particular situation only the maximum out of the allowable percentage is to be allowed. II. IMPORTATION OF LABOUR AND LABOUR AMENITIES: Where local labour not adequate and labour to be imported from other places a maximum of 13% may be considered towards labour importation and amenities / labour hutting etc on labour component OR on basis of observed data if any available.

EXCAVATION OF TRIAL TRENCHES, TRIAL PITS AND EXCAVATION IN RESTRICTED PLACES. a) Trial trenches not more than 2 Metres in width and depth not less than twice the Width 20% extra. b) 1. Trial pits upto 2 M depth 125% extra

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Over Over Over Over Over

2M 4M 6M 8M 9M

depth depth depth depth depth

and upto 4M and upto 6M and upto 8M and upto 9M 550% extra

depth depth depth depth

200% 300% 400% 400%

extra extra extra extra

c) Excavation in Restricted places: i) Foundation of building, excavation of road boundary, drains, model sections for canals, excavation of field channels excavation of narrow trenches of similar nature not more than 2M in width and depth not less than twice the width. 50% Extra ii) For pipe lines where the depth is less than 1.5times the width 75% Extra iii) For pipe lines where the depth is 1.5 times or more than the width 150% extra iv) Silt removal in restricted area such as channels of under tunnels, culverts and syphons. 150% Extra NOTE : i) The extra percentage allowed is over S.s., 301 rates for the corresponding soil, it includes the charges of all lifts and initial lead but do not include dewatering charges if any in respect of all the items under (a) & (b) above. ii) The above extra percentage in respect of excavation in restricted places are not to be allowed in respect of items involving blasting component which is to be taken as 1/3 of the cost.

SEIGNIORAGE CHARGES i) The seigniorage charges as existing actually may be added in the Data rates in the estimates subject to the conditions that the concerned Executive Engineer who prepare the estimates should certify in writing the rates of seigniorage charges in all cases where the seigniorage charges are actually payable. ii) The revised seigniorage charges as fixed by Government in G.O.M.S. No.154 (Industries and commerce (M-I) Department Dt. 23-07-96 may be adopted as follows.

Standard Data Book: Various standard data books released by State PWDs and MORTH and these books can be referred for the quantities of materials and labour and usage of equipment and plants required for unit item of work for analysis of rates. Data book of AP GOVT Revised data for Buildings. Data book of AP GOVT- Revised Data for Roads & Bridges.

Data Book - Data for Roads & Bridges.

Task or out-turn work. This is the quantity of work which can be done by an artisan for trade working of 8 hours. Although the task is different from person to person according to their physical and mental abilities, the average task or out turn work is taken into consideration for preparing rate per unit item. Task does not mean that the quantity of work done by one labour. But other laboures, helpers also be engaged to complete the given task. The following may be taken as approximate quantity of work out-turns work or task for an average artisan per day. (Reference of IS Code/MOST Data Book)

IS- 7272-Part-I -1974

This standard (Part -1) covers the recommended labour output constants for general items of building works for north zone which comprises of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh & Rajasthan. Recommended constants in Days (8 working hours per day are assumed). For Complete info refer the latest revision of above code.

Recommendation For Labour Output Constants for Building Works

This standard (Part -1) covers the recommended labour output constants for general items of building works for north zone which comprises of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh & Rajasthan. Recommended constants in Days (8 working hours per day are assumed). For Complete info refer the latest revision of above code. S.N. Item Unit Labour Constants Remarks

EXCAVATION
1 2 3 General Excavation in Hard Soil over areas. Excavation in foundation Extra over 1 & 2 for every additional lead of 25.0 M beyond 1.0 M up to 250 M & deposit to a level of 1.5 M. Filling Soil in Layers M3 M3 M3 Mate Mazdoor Mate Mazdoor Mate Mazdoor 0.06 0.62 0.05 0.50 0.01 0.12

M3

Mate 0.02 Mazdoor 0.22 Waterman 0.02 Mate Mazdoor Mate Mazdoor 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.08

5 6

Extra over item 1 for an additional depth of 1.5 to 3.0 M. Extra over item 2 for an additional depth of 1.5 to 3.0 M.

M3 M3

CONCRETE
7 Mixer Mixed PCC under Floors including mixing, pouring, consolidating, Curing but excluding fair finish & Formwork. Mixer Mixed RCC in Substructure including mixing, pouring, consolidating, Curing but excluding fair finish, Reinforcements & Formwork. Mixer Mixed RCC in Superstructure for slabs including mixing, pouring, consolidating, Curing but excluding fair finish, Reinforcements & Formwork. Mixer Mixed RCC in Superstructure for Beams including mixing, pouring, consolidating, Curing but excluding fair finish, Reinforcements & Formwork. Mixer Mixed RCC in Superstructure for Chajjas including mixing, pouring, consolidating, Curing but excluding fair finish, Reinforcements & Formwork. Mixer Mixed RCC in Superstructure for Columns including mixing, M3 Mason Mazdoor Waterman Mixer Operator Mason Mazdoor Waterman Mixer Operator Mason Mazdoor Waterman Mixer Operator Mason Mazdoor Waterman Mixer Operator Mason Mazdoor Waterman Mixer Operator Mason Mazdoor 0.17 1.83 0.80 0.07 0.17 2.0 0.90 0.07 0.24 2.5 0.90 0.07 0.20 3.0 0.90 0.07 0.30 3.5 0.90 0.09 0.23 3.5

M3

M3

10

M3

11

M3

12

M3

pouring, consolidating, Curing but excluding fair finish, Reinforcements & Formwork.

Waterman 0.90 Mixer 0.10 Operator

MORTAR
13 14 Mixing by Hand Cement Mortar of any proportion. Mixing by Hand Cement Lime Mortar of any proportion. M3 M3 Mazdoor 0.75 Waterman 0.07 Mazdoor 1.33 Waterman 0.10 Bullock + 0.33 Driver Labour Required will be same for different mix Proportion

BRICK WORK
15 Brick Work in Cement Mortar M3 Mason 0.94 Mazdoor 1.80 Waterman 0.20 Mason 0.12 Mazdoor 0.20 Waterman 0.07

16

Half Brick Thick with / without reinforcements

M2

FORMWORK
17 18 19 Columns + Walls Floors Beams M2 M2 M2 Carpenter 0.25 Helper 0.20 Carpenter 0.23 Helper 0.20 Carpenter 0.30 Helper 0.20

REINFORCEMENTS
20 Cutting, Cranking, Bending Placing & Tying with Binding Wires. Ton Fitter Helper 10 10

PLASTERING
21 15 mm thick Ceiling plaster in CM including Mortar Mixing 15 mm thick Exterior Masonry plaster in CM in 2 Layers including Mortar Mixing 15 mm thick Exterior Masonry plaster in CM in Single Layer including Mortar Mixing M2 Mason 0.08 Mazdoor 0.10 Waterman 0.10 Mason 0.15 Mazdoor 0.15 Waterman 0.15 Mason 0.06 Mazdoor 0.10 Waterman 0.10

22

M2

23

M2

24

15 mm thick Interior Masonry plaster in CM in Single Layer including Mortar Mixing

M2

Mason 0.08 Mazdoor 0.10 Waterman 0.10

FLOORING
25 40 mm Thick IPS M2 Mason 0.08 Mazdoor 0.12 Waterman 0.10 Mason 0.12 Mazdoor 0.70 Waterman 0.10 Mason 0.10 Mazdoor 0.10 Waterman 0.01

26

Precast Terrazzo Tiles

M2

27

40 mm Thick Damp Proof Course

M2

JOINERY
28 29 30 Door & Window Frame Paneled / Glazed Door with Frame Fixing Ready Made Shutters to Frames + Fittings M3 M2 M2 Carpenter 20.0 Helper 2.0 Carpenter 0.90 Helper 1.0 Carpenter 0.25 Helper 0.25

PAINTING
31 32 33 3 coats of White / Color Wash with lime 3 Coats of Distempering 3 Coats of Cement Based Paint M2 M2 M2 Painter Helper Painter Helper Painter Helper 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.15 0.02

Quantities of Materials required for various types of works:IS-10067-1982

Material Constants in Building Works

For Complete info refer the latest revision of above code. Note that building constants as per CPWD are given in the respective program modules. Building constants as per IS: 10067 are given here for comparison purposes. S.N. Item Unit Cement in Bags Sand in M3 Aggregates in M3

MORTAR
1 2 3 4 CM 1 : 3 CM 1 : 4 CM 1 : 5 CM 1 : 6 M3 M3 M3 M3 8.48 6.79 5.6 4.65 0.90 0.96 0.99 0.99

CONCRETE
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 PCC 1 : 1 : 2 - 20 MM Aggregates PCC 1 : 1.5 : 3 - 20 MM Aggregates PCC 1 : 2 : 4 - 20 MM Aggregates PCC 1 : 3 : 6 - 40 MM Aggregates PCC 1 : 4 : 8 - 40 MM Aggregates PCC 1 : 5 :10 - 40 MM Aggregates PCC 1 : 6 :1 2 - 40 MM Aggregates M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 9.76 7.33 5.84 4.05 3.20 2.52 2.10 0.35 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.70 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.90 0.90

BRICK WORK
(Traditional Bricks 29 x 111 x 70 mm with 10 mm thick mortar) S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 In CM 1 : 3 In CM 1 : 4 In CM 1 : 5 In CM 1 : 6 Half Brick in CM 1 : 3 Half Brick in CM 1 : 4 Item Unit M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 No. of Bricks 473 473 473 473 520 520 Cement in Bags 1.72 1.38 1.14 0.94 1.59 1.28 Sand in M3 0.183 0.195 0.202 0.20 0.169 0.181

BRICK WORK
(Modular Bricks - Frog Down) S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 In CM 1 : 3 In CM 1 : 4 In CM 1 : 5 In CM 1 : 6 Half Brick in CM 1 : 3 Half Brick in CM 1 : 4 Item Unit M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 M3 No. of Bricks 517 517 517 517 506 506 Cement in Bags 1.58 1.26 1.04 0.87 1.18 0.94 Sand in M3 0.168 0.178 0.184 0.182 0.125 0.133

PLASTERING
(Traditional Bricks 29 x 111 x 70 mm) S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 Item 12 mm thick in CM 1 : 3 12 mm thick in CM 1 : 4 12 mm thick in CM 1 : 5 12 mm thick in CM 1 : 6 20 mm thick in CM 1 : 3 20 mm thick in CM 1 : 4 20 mm thick in CM 1 : 5 20 mm thick in CM 1 : 6 Unit 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 Cement in Bags 1.22 0.98 0.81 0.67 1.92 1.53 1.27 1.05 Sand in M3 0.130 0.138 0.143 0.143 0.203 0.217 0.224 0.224 Aggregates in M3

FLOORING
S.N. 1 2 3 4 Item 75 mm Thick IPS + Floating coat of Cement 50 mm Thick IPS + Floating coat of Cement 40 mm Thick IPS + Floating coat of Cement 25 mm Thick IPS + Floating coat of Cement Unit 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 10 M2 Cement in Bags 4.81 3.35 2.80 1.89 Sand in M3 0.31 0.21 0.164 0.103 Aggregates in M3 0.62 0.42 0.328 0.206

Hire Charges of Plant & Equipment: The unit rates of hire Charges of construction equipment may be fixed as per the guide lines of IS-11590-1995 Sundries:

A lumpsum amount is generally provided in the analysis of rates, towards purchase of certain tools and other pretty items which cannot be accounted in detail. an amount of 2 to 3% of labour cost is provided for this purpose. Standard scheduled of rates: The rates of materials and wages of laboures are fixed by superintending Engineer for this circle for every year and these rates are approved by board of engineers. The S.S.R. for 2012-2013. MORTH released a rate analysis format in excel for road works which were under use by various Clients and contractors. Based on the above with minor addition direct cost (working cost) i.e. excluding the over heads and contractors profit also prepared for ready reference. We can also prepare a budget based on these data. Water Charges: For drinking and for works the arrangement of water is done either by sinking tube well or by giving connection to the work site from corporation by a pipe line. Centrally 1% of estimated.

CALCULATION OF OVER HEADS OF A TYPICAL PROJECT

ASSUMING TOTAL AMOUNT OF CIVIL WORKS TO BE CARRIED OUT IN A YEAR (PA) ON THE PROPOSED PROJECT : QUANTITY UNIT NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. LS LS LS LS LS LS LS NO LS LS LS LS LS LS COST AMOUNT

DESCRIPTION FOREMAN / SUPERVISOR JR. ENGINEER (COST TO COMPANY YEARLY) SR. ENGINEER SITE IN CHARGE ACCOUNTANT CLARK PEON SECURITY GUARDS SITE VEHICLE + DRIVER FUEL CONSUMPTION PA (LUMP SUM) SITE OFFICE (SELF + CONSULTANT) LABOUR & STAFF QUARTERS SERVICE ROAD WATER FOR LABOURS SEPTIC TANK + SOAK PIT ELECTRICITY (SITE OFFICE + LABOURS) SITE TELEPHONE FAX + STATIONERY LABOUR MEDICAL FACILITIES WORKERS COMPENSATION / RETRENCHMENT TEMPORARY SECURITY FENCE HEAD OFFICE BUILDING (PART) HEAD OFFICE OVER HEADS (PART)

COMPUTERS + PRINTERS AT SITE SITE ENTERTAINMENT EXPENSES STATUTORY FEES HEAD OFFICE / SITE TRAVEL EXPENSES PROJECT MANAGEMENT EXPENSES CEMENT + STORES GODOWN MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES TOTAL OVER HEADS IN Rs:

NO. LS LS LS LS LS LS
Clear

OVER HEAD AS % OF TOTAL PROJECT COST =