INTERVIEW QUESTIONS- for mechanical(IC engine)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS RELATED TO IC ENGINES ARE GIVEN. SUPERCHARGING:1. What is supercharging and why it is used? Ans. Brake power of an engine is given by Bp= Pbm*sv*n*k/60000; Where Pbm= break mean effective pressure Sv= swept volume n=no. of power stroke per minute k=no. of cylinder so, in order to increase bp we have to increase k,sv,n,Pbm With the help of supercharging we increase brake power by increasing Pbm. This can be achieved by supplying air or air fuel mixture at a pressure which is higher than the atmospheric pressure. So, supercharging is basically process of induction of air or air fuel mixture into cylinder at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. when we supply air or air fuel mixture at a pressure higher than usual pressure than its density increases and hence for the same swept volume ,amount of air or air fuel mixture inside the cylinder will increase which after combustion will give more bp. Supercharging is used to increase the bp of the engine. The device which is used is called as supercharger. Supercharger is basically combination of compressor and other mechanical system. 2. What is turbocharger? Ans. In order to inc. bp power we have to inc. pressure of air or air fuel mixture, when this is achieved by using a compressor and mechanical system then the system is known as supercharger but if it is done by using a turbine + compressor + mechanical system then it is called as turbocharger. Turbine is used to drive compressor and it is driven by exhaust gases of engine. In case of supercharging power needed to drive the compressor is absorbed from engine but in case of turbocharging power is not absorbed from engine. 3. What is the effect of supercharging on knocking in case of (a) SI engine (b) CI engine? Ans. In case of SI engine supercharging inc. the tendency of knocking but in case of CI engine it dec. the tendency of knocking.

TWO STROKE ENGINE:1. How you can identify a 2 stroke and a 4 stroke engine by just by their design? Ans. In a 4 stroke engine Inlet valve and outlet valve are present but in a 2 stroke engine ports are available in place of valves, presence of ports is also a difference between 2 and 4 stroke engine. 2. What are the different ports in a 2 stroke engine? Ans. Different ports in a 2 stroke engine are a. Intake port b. Exhaust port c. Transfer port. 3. What is scavenging? Ans. In case of a two stroke engine exhaust gases comes out from combustion space by the pressure applied by fresh air fuel mixture because no exhaust valve is used, this process is known as scavenging. Due to scavenging some amount of fresh air fuel mixture also comes out with exhaust gases, which is a complete loss and one of the disadvantage of 2 stroke engine. 4. What is the work of deflector? Ans. Deflector is basically a triangular (^) kind of surface on the top of the piston it do not allow fresh air fuel mixture to directly come out through exhaust port during scavenging. 5. What is the difference between 2 stroke and 4 stroke engine? Ans. 1. in case of 2 stroke engine corresponding to each revolution of crankshaft we get a power stroke but in case of 4 stroke engine we get a power stroke corresponding to 2 revolution of crankshaft. 2. turning moment is uniform in 2 stroke engine because we get a power stroke in each rev. of crankshaft but in 4 stroke engine turning moment is not uniform. 3. 2 stroke engine have ports for suction and exhaust but 4 stroke engine have IV and EV for suction and exhaust. 4. In case of 2 stroke engine power developed for same engine speed and same dimensions of component is twice that of a four stroke engine. 5. Volumetric efficiency of 2 stroke engine is less because less time is available for induction. Give the example of 2 stroke SI and CI engine? Ans. 2 stroke SI engine:- moped, lawn movers, scoters and motor cycles(100 to 150 cc), small electric generating sets and motor boats.

2 stroke CI engine:- ship propulsion. 7 what are the advantages and disadvantages of 2 stroke engine? Ans. Advantages: power developed for same speed and same dimension is twice that for a 4 stroke engine. The work required to overcome the friction of the exhaust and suction strokes is saved. More uniform turning moment is obtained. In case of a two stroke engine due to scavenging burnt gases do not remain in clearance space. Disadvantages: high speed 2 stroke engines are less efficient due to the reduced volumetric efficiency. Some amount of fresh air fuel mixture is lost during scavenging. They are liable to cause more consumption of lubricating oil. At heavy loads 2 stroke engine gets heated due to excessive heat produced. 8. which is more suitable for two stroke operation SI or CI? Ans. 2 stroke SI engine have two major drawbacks a. Fuel loss b. Idling difficulty So 2 stroke CI engine is more suitable for 2 strokes operation. 9. What is charge? Ans. Fresh air fuel mixture is known as charge. 10. What is mechanical efficiency? Ans. Ratio of brake power to indicated power is called mechanical efficiency. 11. What is the value of compression ratio for SI and CI engines? Ans. Compression ratio for SI ENGINE CI ENGINE 6 to 10 16 to 20 12. Wankel engine is the example of? Ans. Rotary IC engine. 13. What is the use of Morse test? Ans. Morse test is used to find indicated power of a multi cylinder engine. COMBUSTION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER: 1. What kind of mixture is used in SI engine and CI engine? Ans. In SI engine Homogeneous mixture is used but in CI engine Heterogeneous mixture is used. 2. What is flame front? Ans. Flame front is an imaginary plane which separate burnt gases to unburn gases. 3. What are the different steps of combustion in SI engine? Ans. Different steps of combustion in SI engine are a. Preparation of flame front: in this step flame front forms after single point combustion of fuel.

b. Propagation of flame front: in this step flame front moves due to expansion of gases, maximum rise in temperature and pressure occur due to this step, more the time available for propagation of flame front more will be the rise in temperature and pressure. c. After burning: in this step combustion of unburnt gases and incompletely burn gases occur. 4. What is knocking? Ans. During the propagation of flame front, temperature and pressure of end gases increases, if the end gases attain auto ignition temperature then combustion of end gases will start and an another flame front will form which will move in the opposite direction when both of these flame front will meet at a place unbalance force will generate which may lead to mechanical failure of component, this kind of abnormal combustion is called as knocking. 5. What is detonation? Ans. In case of SI engine abnormal combustion is very severe and hence it is called as detonation, so knocking in SI engine is known as detonation but in CI engine it is known as knocking. 6. What are the different steps of combustion in CI engine? Ans. Different steps of combustion in CI engine are a. Delay period: in this stage basically combustion start, in case of CI engine it takes some time to start combustion process. There are basically two type of delay a. physical delay: in this atomization and vaporization of fuel occur, b. chemical delay: in this stage actual reaction start which lead to combustion. b. Period of rapid combustion: in this stage pressure and temperature increases rapidly. c. Period of continuous combustion: in this period pressure and temperature increases in a uniform manner not rapidly. d. After burning: in this period combustion of unburn and incompletely burn gases takes place. 7. What is effect of delay period on knocking in case of CI engine? Ans. In case of CI engine if delay period is large then accumulation of fuel will takes place inside the cylinder due to accumulation of fuel inside the cylinder combustion at different points will start at the beginning of combustion, which will lead to knocking . 8. At what stage during combustion knocking occur in a. SI engine b. CI engine? Ans. In SI engine knocking occurs at the end of combustion but in CI engine knocking occurs at the start of combustion. 9. What is the effect of fuel temperature on knocking in case of a.SI engine b. CI engine? Ans. The temperature of fuel which is going inside the cylinder plays an important role in knocking tendency For SI engine, higher the temperature of incoming fuel-air mixture higher will be the tendency of knocking because end gases will attain self ignition temperature quickly. For CI engine, higher the temperature of incoming fuel lower will be the tendency of knocking because due to higher temperature less accumulation of fuel will occur. 10. What is the reason of knocking in case of SI and CI engine? Ans. In case of SI engine knocking occurs because end gases attain self ignition temperature before

combustion is completed or at the last stage of combustion. In case of CI engine knocking occurs because, fresh air fuel mixture is not able to attain self ignition temperature at the start of combustion, due to which accumulation of charges occurs. 11. What is the effect of engine speed on knocking? Ans. When engine speed increases then delay period decreases because time available for heat losses decreases and hence knocking for CI engine decreases. 12. What is the effect of compression ratio on knocking for SI and CI engine? Ans. For SI engine knocking increases with compression ratio but for CI engine knocking decrease with CR.

IGNITION SYSTEM: 1. Why ignition system is used in IC engine? Ans. Ignition system is used to start combustion in SI engine. 2. What is the firing order for a 4 cylinder and 6 cylinder engines? Ans. Firing order: it is basically the sequence in which combustion occur in a multi cylinder engine. For a 4 cylinder engine firing order is 1-3-4-2 Foe a 6 cylinder engine firing order is 1-5-3-6-2-4 3. What kind of ignition system is useful for a. low speed engine b. high speed engine? Ans. For a low speed engine Battery ignition system is useful For a high speed engine Magneto ignition system is useful. 4. What is the work of distributor? Ans. For SI engine distributor is used to supply ignition pulses to individual cylinder in a multi cylinder engine which is necessary to start combustion. 5. What is Idling? Ans. When engine runs at no load condition then it is called as idling. 6. What kind of mixture is supplied during idling? Ans. At idling rich mixture is supplied. 7. What are the different kinds of mixture? Ans. On the basis of amount of air-fuel present mixtures are a. Stoichiometric mixture: when air and fuel is present in such a manner that complete combustion of fuel occurs then it is called as Stoichiometric mixture. b. Rich mixture: when amount of fuel is more then it is called as rich mixture. c. Lean mixture: when amount of air is more then it is called as Lean mixture. 8. What is Blowby loss? Ans. The leakage of combustion product from the cylinder to the cranke case due to clearance available between piston, piston ring and cylinder is known as blowby loss. 9. What is pumping loss? Ans. The work spent to charge the cylinder with fresh mixture during the suction stroke and to

discharge the combustion products during the exhaust stroke is known as pumping loss. 10. What is exhaust blowdown loss? Ans. If the exhaust valve is open when the piston is moving from BDC to TDC work spent will be large, this will decrease power output of the engine. In order to save this work, exhaust valve is open before it reach TDC and initially exhaust gases comes out due to pressure difference, due to this there is some loss of power but this loss is less than previous loss and is known as blowdown loss. CARBURETION : 1. What is carburetion, and in which engine it is used? Ans. The process of preparation of combustible fuel-air mixture by mixing proper amount of fuel and air is called carburetion and the device used is called carburetor. Carburetion is used only in SI engine. 2. What air fuel ratio is required at idling? Ans. 12:1 3. What is chemically correct air fuel ratio for octane? Ans. 15:1 4. what is the work of throttle during carburetion? Ans. During carburetion throttle control the amount of mixture going to the cylinder for combustion. 5. What is the work of choke in carburetion? Ans. Choke controls the quality of mixture going to the cylinder. It is used to supply rich mixture during cold days. 6. If we design a carburetor at Chennai and use it at Kashmir, what kind of problem we have to face? 7. What are the main parts of a carburetor? Ans. Main parts of a simple carburetor are Fuel strainer Float chamber Main fuel metering and idling nozzle Choke and throttle. 8. On what basis antiknock characteristic of CI engine fuel is measured? Ans. The reference fuel for CI engine is NORMAL CETANE AND(C16H34) ALPHA METHYL NAPHTHALENE(C11H10) 9. On what basis antiknock characteristic of SI engine fuel is measured? Ans.The reference fuel for SI engine is ISO OCTANE(C8H18) NORMAL HEPTANE(C7H16 10. What is the purpose of nozzle? Ans. A nozzle perform following functions

a. Atomization of fuel b. Distribution of fuel c. Prevention of impingement of fuel on walls d. Mixing. 11. What are the different kinds of nozzle? Ans. Different kinds of nozzle are a. Piltle nozzle b. Pintaux nozzle c. Multi hole nozzle d. Single hole nozzle. 12. What are the different kinds of injection system used in CI engine? Ans. Different kinds of injection system used are a. Air injection system:- in this system fuel is injected into the cylinder by means of compressed air. b. Solid injection system:- in this system the liquid fuel is injected into the cylinder without the aid of compressed air. 13. What is EURO1, EURO2,BHARAT1, and BHARAT2? Ans. These are the norms adopted by the European countries and India to control exhaust gases. 14. What is use of addition of lead in gasoline? Ans. Lead is used in gasoline because it is helpful in the surface hardening of the component of engine. 15. What are the functions of lubrication system? Ans. Lubrication system perform following functions a. It reduces friction and wearing between the moving parts. b. Lubricating oil fills the gap between piston ring and cylinder and hence do not allow combustion product to go inside the crankcase. c. It cools the engine component. d. It carries away the remaining carbon particles and cleans the surfaces of engine component. 16. What is equivalence ratio? Ans. Equivalence ratio is the ratio of (actual fuel-air ratio) to the (stoichiometric fuel-air ratio). When Equivalence ratio=1, chemically correct mixture <1, lean mixture >1, rich mixture. 17. What is the work of dynamometer? Ans. Dynamometer is basically torque measuring device and is used to calculate brake power by calculating torque. 17. What is the reason of smoke? Ans. Smoke is due to incomplete combustion of fuel inside the cylinder. 18. What is the meaning of 100cc engine? Ans. 100cc engine means stroke volume of engine is 100 cm3. 19. What is the work of governor?

Ans. Governor controls the supply of fuel inside the cylinder according to the variation in load. It controls the mean speed of an engine according to the variation in load. 20. What is the function of flywheel? Ans. Flywheel control the speed variation caused by the fluctuation of engine turning moment during each cycle. It is also used for balancing of engine. 21. What is the biggest loss in IC engine? Ans. Biggest loss in IC engine is heat loss associated with exhaust gasses. 22. What is the reason of formation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in IC engine? Ans. Reason of formation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide is incomplete combustion of fuel inside the cylinder.