HKCEE Paper I running answer text 1995 Biology 1.

(a)(i) (a)(ii) (a)(iii) It contains an enzyme that digests the proteins in egg stains to small molecules which can then dissolve in water and hence can be removed by water. This is to allow time for the action of enzyme We can soak clothes in warm water because the enzyme action is faster at a higher temperature. OR We can use more washing powder because the enzyme action is faster at a higher enzyme concentration. (a)(iv) (a)(v) 1. (b)(i) It is because the enzyme would be denatured above 60C. It is because the protein in silk and wool will be digested by the enzyme. Blood group A is dominant. As both individuals 3 and 4 have blood group A, each of them must possess at least one allele for blood group A. One of their children (individual 12) has blood group O, that means at least one of the parents must also possess an allele for blood group O. Hence at least one of the parents is heterozygous. In a heterozygous condition, only the dominant allele will be expressed, therefore, blood group A is dominant. (b)(ii) Defined symbols e.g. : (1) (2) (b)(iii) (1) (2) 1. (c)(i) (1) (2) (c)(ii) (c)(iii) (1) (2) (1) (2) Individual 7 Individual 13 5 and 6 4, 5, 6 and 7 diameter = 53 (50 to 55) 0.03 mm = 0.159 mm (0.150 mm to 0.165 mm) It is because cell A contains food store * ovary * testis fertilization It forms a zygote which will develop into a new individual. OR It combines the genes from both parents to result in genetic variation in the offspring. (c)(iv) The penis becomes erect and is inserted into the vagina. Semen is then ejaculated. : Aa : AA , Aa A = allele for blood group A a = allele for blood group O

1995-CE-BIO I-1

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 1995 Biology 2. (a)(i) (a)(ii) (a)(iii) (a)(iv) Ventilation rate = 1000 36 cm3 per minute = 36000 cm3 per minute This helps to supply more oxygen to the skeletal muscles for faster respiration. It also helps to remove carbon dioxide more rapidly. Dust particles are trapped by the hair in the nose and mucus along the lining of the air passage. large, clear, accurate diagram (D) labels and title (any four) (L)

graduated plastic bottle

exhaled air

water

rubber tubing

trough

A set-up used to estimate the volume of air exhaled in one breath 2. (b)(i) On its first exposure to the pathogen, the body cannot kill the cowpox virus contained in the fluid in the boils. The virus multiplies and damages body cells, so James became ill. After a few days, sufficient antibodies are produced to kill the pathogen, so James got well again. (b)(ii) The previous exposure to the cowpox antigen was 'memorized' by certain white blood cells. As the pathogens of smallpox are similar to that of cowpox, it stimulates the production of a lot of antibodies in a short time, and hence the smallpox virus is killed. (b)(iii) 2. (c)(i) (c)(ii) (c)(iii) No, it is because his immunity is specific to the antigen / pathogen (1) (2) (2) cell type 1 - D cell type 2 - C to increase the cell number for growth

(1) * Mitosis / cell division It has an outgrowth to provide a large surface area. This facilitates the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

1995-CE-BIO I-2

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 1995 Biology 3. (a)(i) (a)(ii) (a)(iii) Bacteria break down the food and thus release acid The acid dissolves the enamel and dentine of the tooth Avoid eating snacks between meals to reduce the chance of acid formation Rinse the mouth / brush the teeth after eating to remove food debris Use alkaline toothpaste to neutralize the acid (a)(iv) large and clear diagram (D) labels and title (any five) (L) sign of early decay (S) ) ) any ONE )

A vertical section of a tooth at the early stage of decay 3. (b)(i) (b)(ii) Reflex actions cerebrum is not involved stereotyped response is produced a receptor is involved Voluntary actions cerebrum is involved different response are produced a receptor may not be involved / may be initiated spontaneously inborn usually faster any TWO (b)(iii) A receives / integrates sensory impulses to make an appropriate decision for action, OR A sends nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles to bring about the movement. B coordinates the action of the skeletal muscles to maintain balance of the body. C increases the rate of heart beat / the rate and depth of breathing to supply more oxygen to the skeletal muscles. not inborn usually slower (1) (2) 5-3-4 1-2-4

1995-CE-BIO I-3

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 1995 Biology 3. (c)(i) (c)(ii) Water potential of sea water is lower than that of the root cells. As a result, water will be drawn out of the cells by osmosis and the plants will become dehydrated. Crops absorb minerals from soil. When the crop is harvested, minerals in the crops are removed from the field. As minerals are essential for crop growth, fertilizers have to be added to replenish the lost minerals. (c)(iii) Conservation of rain forests helps to maintain a diversity of species and to conserve the natural habitat OR - to maintain a constant level of carbon dioxide / oxygen in the atmosphere - to prevent soil erosion

1995-CE-BIO I-4

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 1995 Biology 4. (a)(i) (a)(ii) (a)(iii) (1) (2) (1) (2) B, C (E optional) E Water moves from cell to cell by osmosis Carbon dioxide in air diffuses through stomatal pores into the air spaces to cell type B

Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to form carbohydrate inside cell type B.

4.

(b)(i)

(1) (2)

A - * blood capillary B - * sweat gland More blood will reach A. As A is close to the surface, this will lead to faster heat loss by radiation, conduction and convection. B will produce more sweat to the skin surface. This increases heat loss by the evaporation water which absorbs body heat. of

(b)(ii) 4. (c)(i) (c)(ii) (c)(iii) (c)(iv) (c)(v)

This damage may lead to excessive loss of water from the body and bacterial infection. (1) (2) site B Pig farm discharges animal waste which contains a lot of bacteria

The large number of bacteria at site B consumes a lot of oxygen. Thus the dissolved oxygen content is lower at site B than at site A. Ammonia is converted to nitrate Algal population increases due to an increasing level of nitrate. Nitrate is a nutrient for the growth of algae. To treat the waste before discharging it To reuse the waste as fertilizer To set up laws to control the discharge of waste ) ) any ONE )

1995-CE-BIO I-5