A380 Integrated Modular Avionics

ARTIST2 IMA & ADCN
Presented by
Jean-Bernard ITIER
STP Manager IMAP
A380 Integrated Modular Avionics

The history, objectives and challenges of the deployment of IMA on A380
ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380
Presentation Topics and Scope

To explain what IMA is and its background To explain how IMA has been deployed on the A380
ADCN Modules

The Future of IMA

AIRBUS UK LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 2
Why IMA?
Since the A300
Increasing
number of software controlled systems
New functionality for performance
Flight management systems Fuel management systems

New functionality for improved safety
Flight envelope protection Ground proximity warning Traffic collision avoidance

New functionality for improved maintenance
Aircraft condition monitoring

New functionality for improved passenger comfort
Cabin environment control
Page 3
Why IMA?
The Indirect Consequences
Every
system = 1 or more computers / controllers Every aircraft type = new computers Every computer =
Airframer development and management costs
Part number costs Documentation More wires More power More sources of unreliability Increased obsolescence risk
Airline impact
Spares Tooling Increased fault finding
Page 4
Why IMA? Traditional LRU

This implies that quantities of maintenance spares be
stored for each fleet at different places. During the aircraft life cycle, the cost of modifications, including parts obsolescence mitigation and functional upgrades, becomes even more significant for the airlines.
Page 5
Why IMA? Traditional LRU

Each computer type is
uniquely designed for the system and aircraft
Application
software e.g. fuel control Hardware PCBs Operating System
Manufactured by
system supplier
Dedicated wiring for

Digital and single wire control Information to other computers
each connection 100s km cabling per aircraft

Page 6
Why IMA? Historical background for the emergence of IMA

Functionality
A340 -600 105 104 103 A320 102 101
A330
A380
(arbitrary log scale)
Number of electronic equipment
100
Concorde
A300B
A380 with IMA
A310
80 60 40 20
1970
1975 1980 1985
1990
1995
2000 2005
Page 7
Why IMA?
The response
Integrated
Modular Avionics
Concept Not a specific set of technologies or components

Integration
Multiple systems applications executed on the same computer Data communications integrated onto a high speed multiplexed network
Modularity
A set of standard non system specific computers Computers that can be configured to provide part of their resources to a particular system application
Page 8
What is IMA?
IMA Variations / Proprietary Solutions ?
Avionics
network
ARINC 429 ARINC 629 AFDX

Avionics
computers
Cabinet of modules, backplane, gateways
Honeywell AIMS
Cabinet of cards
Honeywell Primus EPIC

Independent modules as LRUs
Honeywell VIA
Page 9
What is IMA?
Cabinet of modules
Functionality split between modules:

Supply Modules, Gateways, Processing, IO Inter module communications backplane ARINC 653 Operating System Originally ARINC 629 Single supplier . for everything Boeing 777
ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380 Page 10
Power
What is IMA?
Card File
Semi open architecture third party hardware Processing, IO and gateway cards Proprietary DEOS Operating System Proprietary backplane Business and Regional Jets
Embraer,
Raytheon, Dornier
Page 11
What is IMA?
Independent Modules as LRU
Derivative of AIMS repackaging

Provides
processing, IO and PSU in one package
Page 12
What is A380 IMA?

Since
mid 80s the former Airbus partners have done research on IMA for their systems (PACTS, IDEE3, NEVADA, PAMELA, VICTORIA)
With the objective to merge different system design approaches and different procurement approaches
Closed loop control systems, data management and processing systems Safety critical and non safety critical Software only functions to full multi-domain systems like fuel Complete design in house, integration of components to fully outsourced
Therefore
the IMA solution had to:
Be suitable for different types of systems (I/O needs / Performances / Safety ) Be suitable for a large number of systems and their suppliers to allow real competition Compartmentalised to allow parallel developments to be managed
Page 13
What is A380 IMA?

PRIM3 FCGU3B FCGU3A SEC3 FM3 ADIRU3 CMV ECB SFCC1 PRIM1 SEC1 FCGU1A FCGU1B PRIM2 FCGU2B FCGU2A SEC2 SFCC2
Integrated Modular Avionics
IOM 1 IOM 3 ADIRU1 FM1
SW-11 SW-1
18+2FT 13+1FT
SW-19 SW-9
18+2FT
SW-12
IOM 2 IOM 4 ADIRU2 FM2
SW-2
CDS L1 EEC2 EEC4 A B A B
CDS L2 CDS L3
CDS C1 CDS C2 CDS R3
CDS R2
CDS R1 A B A B EEC1
EEC3
SCI CPIOM-C1 CPIOM-C2 SW-13 SW-3 SW-14 SW-4 AESU 2
CABINET
display actuators
CPIOM-D1 ACR 1 AESU 1 IOM 5 IOM 7
16+2FT
15+2FT
IOM6 IOM 8
CPIOM-F1 CPIOM-F3 CIDS1 SDS1
CDAM
CPIOM-F2 CPIOM-F4 CIDS1 SDS1
18+2FT
CPIOM-A2 CPIOM-A3
SW-15 SW-5 CPIOM-A1 CPIOM-A4 CPIOM-B1 CPIOM-B4
SW-16
18+2FT SW-17
SW-7
SW-6 CPIOM-G1 CPIOM-G3
15+2FT
CPIOM-G2 CPIOM-G4
Federated architectures
A629
sensors LRU sensors Multi-transmitter bus network
CPIOM-B2 CPIOM-B3
CPIOM-E1 SPDB 1 SPDB 3 SEPDC1 SPDB 5 SPDB 7
OSCU CPIOM-E2 SPDB 6 SPDB 8 SEPDC2 SPDB 2 DSMS SPDB 4
disp lay
LRUs
MODULE AFDX NETWORK
actuators
LRU black box
CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTIONS

What is A380 IMA? - Airbus Concept

IMA shared resources are:
the
avionics communications network: the solution selected is AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet), fully compatible with Ethernet network of Open World and based on common switch modules Modules, i.e. Core Processing & Input / Output Modules or CPIOM, Input/ Output Modules or IOM, ,...) for hosting of several applications and signal acquisition/transmission
Other systems or equip t
CPIOM
A429, discretes , analog
SW SW applic applic
IOM
IOM Other systems or equip t
O/S
AFDX network 28VDC network (Norm / Ess )

What is A380 IMA? Airbus Concept

The AIRBUS IMA concept is based on shared Modules. A modulefocused approached has been preferred compared with the previous concept of Cabinet. Its key features are: ARINC 600 IMA Module packaging connected to AFDX network Robust partitioning in computing resource & communications Determinism of application execution & data exchanges Standardised Application Programming Interface (API) to avoid obsolescence impacts on applications Conventional equipments mixable
Resource sharing has a direct impact on the way to design and

implement systems since it creates new dependencies between them, both from a technical and a process point of view.
This concept has been selected as the baseline for systems design on
Cockpit, Utility, Energy and Cabin domains and extended globally on all the domains.
What is A380 IMA? - ADCN Network & Topology

FCSC1 SFCC1
COM MON COM
FCGC1
MON COM
MON
Flight COMFCGC2 MON Control FCGC3 FCSC3 TBC

COM MON COM MON
FCSC2
COM MON COM
SFCC2
MON
AFDX Network: 100 Mbits Redundant Network (A&B) with independent alimentation AFDX switches = 2 x 8 NB of ports (connections) possible on each switch (2024) MTBF of the switch is very high (100 000 hours expected) Up 80 AFDX subscriber
IOM
ADIRU1 EEC1 A FM1
S_1 _1
S_1 _2 S_1 SW13 _3

ADIRU3 FM3 FM2
IOM
ADIRU2
Cockpit
ACR1 ATC1
Engines
L1 L2
C1 L3 C2 R3
R2 R1
ATC2 ACR2 opt
B EEC3 A A EEC4 B
FW2 FCDC2 AESU2 SCI
COM
EEC2 B
FW1 FCDC1 AESU1
IOM
SCI
S_2 _1
ELM CBM SB24 HSM AIC? CDAM
S_2 _2
ELM CBM HSM SB24 AIC?
IOM
Fuel
MON
COM
Fuel LG,TP&BS COM MON

MON
Energy
ext lights ctrl
LG,TP&BS
COM MON
Fuel&LG
IRDC
VSC
S_3 _1
PWCU
ECB CIDS IPCU
CIDS PESC
S_3 _2
IPCU
IRDC
SPDB
S_4 _1
Cabin
S_4 _2
DSMC3
SPDB
DSMC1&2 CPIOM-B-1&2 CPIOM-A-1&2
CPIOM-A-3&4 CPIOM-B3&4
Page 17
AFDX - Generality
Freedom of choice for data format (harmonized at aircraft level) Integration of LRU, IOM (Input Output Module) & CPIOM (Core Processing
Input Output Module)
LRU
Appli B
1 partition
Technology based on COTS standards

CPIOM
Appli B
partition 1
IOM
Appli D
partition 3
LRU
Appli C
partition 2
E/S
E/S ADCN
E/S E/S
Switching
table defined through configuration
ARINC 600: 2 MCU

Traffic
policing (enforcement of allocated bandwidth)

QUADRAX Connectors
Page 18
AFDX technology Addressing : MAC,IP,UDP

Appli A
1 partition
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2
Appli B
1 partition
1 2
E/S
Appli D Appli E
E/S
Appli C
partition 1
(RAM ; CPU)
partition 2
(RAM ; CPU)
1 2
E/S
Avionics communications are based on multicast:

one
transmitter one or several receivers
Asynchrony individual clocks

Alt = 10 000 ft
NO reconfiguration capability in the AFDX network

UDP SRC / UDP DEST IP SRC / IP DEST MAC SRC / MAC DEST
Page 19
AFDX: Performances
Does AFDX sustain expected real time performance:
Yes:
real time performances were really challenging, both on the ES and the switch (ES wire speed reception ie 200 Mbits/s ; switch wire speed switching, with only bottleneck on output buffer).
Packet loss percentage:

0
% in the switch by definition (a configuration where the switch cannot guarantee that no frames are lost is not schedulable and thus not produced) Nevertheless frame may be lost due to Bit error rate (target 10-8) Failures
Page 20
What is A380 IMA ? - AFDX Network use

Switches Configuration process:
System Team
NCD : VL & Paths
Data base
Confcheck determinism OK Confgen Create configuration Loads
Switches Datalaoding
What is A380 IMA?

Impact on the system development process = Risks
At
the component level:
IMA developed before system > requirements mismatch Maturity of IMA components > impacts multiple systems Technical capability > impacts multiple systems
At
the Industrial level:
Management > Dedicated trans-national IMA team Procurement >

Arbitration process, Contractual resources, Change in supplier business model

Development > User Groups, Hot Lines, Bi-laterals Certification Support Process > Airbus
What is A380 IMA?

Pre launch
Partner
activity to review available solutions and proposals
Many suppliers example Smiths, Honeywell, Rockwell Collins, Thales, Diehl, BAe Systems Front runner - Cabinet / rack + ARINC 629
Joint launch team to define the avionics solution

Architecture,
scope, key technologies, supplier pre-selection AFDX as the network

ARINC 629 future growth, cost ?
IMA
computers as dedicated LRUs The Open Architecture solution
Multiple system suppliers Scalable Multiple IMA suppliers including Airbus make policy for key technology System suppliers able to develop and integrate separately Minimise the management and co-ordination activities to be performed by Airbus focus on systems
Page 23
What is A380 IMA? - IMA integration perimeter
Function on A380 Cockpit

Flight Warning, FCU Back-Up, Weight & Balance Back-Up Computation Flight Control Data Concentrator Air Traffic Communication
Energy
Electrical Load Management, Circuit Breaker Monitoring, ATA 24 BITE
Utility
Fuel Measurement & Management Braking, Steering, Extension/Retraction, Others (Tyre pressure, etc.)
Cabin
Bleed, Overheat Detection, Supplemental Cooling Cabin Pressure & Ventilation Control, Air Conditioning
Page 24
IMA Modules
8 different part numbers / 30 modules of
CPIOM per chipset developed by 2 suppliers AIRBUS (EYY): Thales Avionics, associated with Diehl Avionik System:
They host 21 avionics functions developed by

10 suppliers
1 single part number of IOM called IOM-A All modules are ARINC600, 3 MCU box, around
4.2 kg, with 50 000 hours MTBF objectives
Page 25
What is A380 IMA ?

What makes IMA different ?
Standardised
Software Environment
ARINC
653 Operating System
Application software is independent from the hardware

Like Windows No direct access to I/O Internal process control services Health Monitoring services
Enables Obsolescence protection for system software
Software largest NRC element of systems Production life = 20 years, Aircraft life = 50 years
Page 26
What is A380 IMA? - CPIOM

UTIL. - NVM Managt RessourceBITE Dataload A615A Module Managt Instrumentation
PARTITION PARTITION
AVIONIC
AIRBUS API
A 653 Operating System Drivers Boot
AVIONIC
AIRBUS API + Extensions
SNMP-MIB
IO SW BASIC SOFTWARE
Power Supply
RAM Flash NVM
CPU MPC755 Partitioning Control Intra LRM Communication

USB
DSP TMS320C33 + internal Ram Interface
PCI
AUDIO Flash
DSI / DSO
Interface
USB
DSI / DSO /DGO
DSI/DSO DGI
CPU Board
AFDX
DSI / DSO IO_Ext Board

IO_DSP Board
Page 27
What is A380 IMA ?
What makes IMA different?

Partitioning
The performance of each system must be unaffected by any other
To allow systems to be developed, tested and verified separately To allow system faults to be contained To allow new systems to be added post certification
Page 28
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning
Application Software1 Application Software 2
Resources with performances
Health Monitors
I/O
Memory RAM
Processor Time
Health Monitors
AIRBUS UK LTD
I/O
Memory Processor RAM Time

Page 29
Partition environment
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning
Timing
Strict allocation to each system application

Periodic fixed scheduling at application level No prioritisation at application level
Application 1
Application 3
Application 1 Application 3
Application 2
12.5 ms
Time
25 ms 5 ms 15 ms
AIRBUS UK LTD
Page 30
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning
Timing

Application 1
Application 3
Application 1 Application 3
Application 2
12.5 ms
Time
25 ms 5 ms 15 ms
AIRBUS UK LTD
Page 31
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning
Timing

Overruns are prevented

Application 1 Application 3 Application 1
partition is suspended
Application 2
Application 3
12.5 ms
Time
25 ms 5 ms 15 ms
AIRBUS UK LTD
Page 32
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning
Memory
Segregated allocation to each application Configuration is linked to design I.e. application accesses only the memory
configured for it Violations detected and prevented by MMU
Application Software 1
MMU
Module Configuration
AIRBUS UK LTD
Page 33
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning
Write sampling port( xx, value)
I/O
Segregated allocation to
each system application Some shared input data e.g. ARINC 429 All access is through OS calls
CPIOM GLOBAL CONFIGURATION TABLE
ARINC 653 Operating System

xx = A429
Discretes
AIRBUS UK LTD
ARINC 429
AFDX
Page 34
What is A380 IMA ?

Partitioning enables:
System
independence
Systems of different DAL(A,B,C) level can be developed at their DAL level Systems can be integrated and tested to separately
Incremental
Qualification
Modifications to one application have no effect on other applications
Qualification activities following a modification are limited
Configuration Parameters Partitioning and Configuration

IMA
must be configurable
Resources Time, Memory and I/O Implemented with Configuration Tables - loadable
Two
groups of tables:
Tables managed by Airbus have a global effect Tables managed by the Function Supplier only have a local partition
What is A380 IMA?

Qualification
of the module within a usage domain represented by the set of configuration parameter ranges Usage Domain
Represents guarantees on
Functionality Performance e.g. service call times

For the range of configurations the module can be used in
Page 36
What is A380 IMA ? - IMA Modules Qualification

Qualification and system certification are major parts of IMA
The
objective of the qualification approach is to give System Suppliers credit to be used as part of their system certification Based on credit
The function / system supplier takes credit from the qualification activities of Module Manager and Module Supplier Does not have to prove functionality, performance and behaviour of the module.
System Supplier Certification
Configuration Qualification Module Qualification
Page 37
What is A380 IMA?

New Industrial Roles - the biggest change with IMA
Introduce
a new role in system development
IMA Manager
Control the use of module resources

Provides resources against user system requirements Maintain spares margins Support the prediction and verification of resources
Provide resource configuration tables

Develop configuration tables
Perform confidence testing on the Integrated Module Perform qualification activities for the module configuration
Page 38
What is A380 IMA ? - Avionics Functions

Integration:
integration
tests are performed
on HBOSS again on HBOSS with instrumented code for structural coverage analysis then on TBOSS for target compatibility verification and for providing certification evidences
Additional
unit tests may be identified to achieve all coverage objectives The whole process is automated to ease non-regression testing between HBOSS and TBOSS
HBOSS Software testing on host stations TBOSS Software testing on representative target BIL Function Verification on Real Module
Page 39
The future
The future of IMA

A380 IMA reused on A400M/A350 :
Mature
avionics hardware available immediately NRCs, risks minimised
Next Aircraft IMA2G:

Extend
the scope of IMA the flexibility of IMA Generic Secure Platform
Flight controls, Open world

Increase
Optimise the IMA architecture
Decentralised I/O / Smart sensors Reconfiguration

Enable more systems to be integrated within IMA
High Critical to Low Critical

Enable greater levels of integration on single IMA units
Page 41
The future of IMA

Change in technologies:
AFDX
greater bandwidth solutions, low cost solutions greater integration All protocols supported
IMA
Cabinet, Card File ? all have advantages Faster processors Multi-processor inevitable New OS possibly, parallel for Open World New Fields buses technologies ?
Tools
- greater integration & Industrialisation

Platform Architecture definition Avionics configuration Application development, validation and verification Fast ramp up Technologies choice for Resources industrialisation Fast FAL Integration Auto test
Page 42
The future of IMA Historical background for the emergence of IMA

Functionality
A340 -600 105 104 103 A320 102 101
A330
A380
(arbitrary log scale)
Number of electronic equipment
100
Concorde
A300B
A380 with IMA
A310
80 60 40
Future A/C
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
20
1970
Page 43
Thank you for your attention

Page 44
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
Page 45

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ARTIST2 IMA & ADCN

A380 Integrated Modular Avionics

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

Presentation Topics and Scope

The Future of IMA

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

number of software controlled systems

New functionality for performance

Flight management systems Fuel management systems

Flight envelope protection Ground proximity warning Traffic collision avoidance

New functionality for improved maintenance

Aircraft condition monitoring

Cabin environment control

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

AIRBUS UK LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Spares Tooling Increased fault finding

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

Why IMA? Traditional LRU

AIRBUS UK LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

Why IMA? Traditional LRU

software e.g. fuel control Hardware PCBs Operating System

Dedicated wiring for

each connection 100s km cabling per aircraft

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

Why IMA? Historical background for the emergence of IMA

(arbitrary log scale)

Number of electronic equipment

A380 with IMA

1975 1980 1985

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

Concept Not a specific set of technologies or components

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

ARINC 429 ARINC 629 AFDX

Cabinet of modules, backplane, gateways

Honeywell Primus EPIC

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

Functionality split between modules:

AIRBUS UK LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

AIRBUS UK LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Derivative of AIMS repackaging

processing, IO and PSU in one package

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

What is A380 IMA?

the IMA solution had to:

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

What is A380 IMA?

Integrated Modular Avionics

IOM 1 IOM 3 ADIRU1 FM1

IOM 2 IOM 4 ADIRU2 FM2

CDS L1 EEC2 EEC4 A B A B

CDS C1 CDS C2 CDS R3

SCI CPIOM-C1 CPIOM-C2 SW-13 SW-3 SW-14 SW-4 AESU 2

CPIOM-D1 ACR 1 AESU 1 IOM 5 IOM 7

CPIOM-F1 CPIOM-F3 CIDS1 SDS1

CPIOM-F2 CPIOM-F4 CIDS1 SDS1

SW-15 SW-5 CPIOM-A1 CPIOM-A4 CPIOM-B1 CPIOM-B4

SW-6 CPIOM-G1 CPIOM-G3

CPIOM-E1 SPDB 1 SPDB 3 SEPDC1 SPDB 5 SPDB 7

OSCU CPIOM-E2 SPDB 6 SPDB 8 SEPDC2 SPDB 2 DSMS SPDB 4

MODULE AFDX NETWORK

LRU black box

CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTIONS

software e.g. fuel control Hardware PCBs Operating System

transmitter one or several receivers

scope, key technologies, supplier pre-selection AFDX as the network