TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN THE EXPLORER SATELLITES AND PIONEER SPACE PROBES
External Publication No. 647
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA 3, CALIFORNIA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Contract No. NASw
-6
External Publication No. 647 TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN THE EXPLORER SATELLITES AND PIONEER SPACE PROBESE. P. BuwaldaA. R. Hibbs T. 0. Thostesen
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JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena 3, California
May 7, 1959
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
External Publication No. 647CONTENTSPageI. Introduction ...................... 2II. Analysis of the Temperature of the Satellite Shell ... 5
A.
Mathematical Development .............. 5B. Effect of Surface Characteristics ...
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15III. Average Temperatures of ::he Satellite Shell ...... 17IV. Temperature Predictions .
.
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. 18V. Temperature for 1958
ALPHA
............... 20VI. The PIONEER Probes
.
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23VII. Conclusions
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...... 26Figures
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..... 28References
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51FIGURES1. Dimensions and Orientation of Payload
.
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282. The Ratio of
A^/A
j
for the Conical Section of thePayload ........
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283. Geometry of Earth-to-Satellite Radiation Process .... 294. Relationship Between
rj
Coordinate Systemand Direction of the Sun
.
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295. Average Temperature of Conical Section of the Payload Shell vs Angle Around Orbit for Launch 20° Before Noon Transit, h =1000 miles,
9
=
0
°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°,50°, 60°.........
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