Study Cues for Cardiovascular Disorders The following are, but not limited to, study cues for

cardiovascular disorders. Please keep in mind that this is only a guide and may or may not be inclusive of all questions given in the test. This guide is addition to the review that we completed Wednesday 11/16/11. 1. Know your Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology a. Blood flow b. Location of pulses ex. Where would you place your stethoscope when listening to apical pulse c. Layers of the heart d. Chambers of the heart which chamber receives oxygenated and deoxygenated? What chamber/s is/are the strongest e. Conduction System- What does P wave represent! What does QRS wave represent? Remember that the first positive wave in cardiac cycle is the P wave. f. What is another term for contraction and relaxation? 2. Know the different ways to assess/ data collect the cardiovascular system. a. Homan signs b. Apical and peripheral pulses c. Valves Aortic, Pulmonic , Tricuspid, Mitral what are the consequences for having prolapsed valve? Know where to find each valve. 3. Know the different types of Congenital Heart Defect. a. What time of congenital heart defect you would hear a loud, harsh murmur? b. What Congenital heart defect shunts from right to left? c. What congenital heart defect shunts from left to right? d. Which Congenital heart defects have a combination of 4 heart defects? What are these defects. e. What signs and symptoms would you find on patients with coarctation of aorta? (think of blood pressure) f. Know the abnormal structure/ description or each: VSD,ASD, Tetralogy of Fallot;Coarctation of aorta; PDA. 4. What is Kawasaki Disease- Pathophysiology? What part of cardiovascular are affected. 5. Know the procedure and patient teachings related to the following diagnostic exam/test: a. Holter Monitor educate the client regarding when to push the event button. b. EKG educate regarding what to expect invasive or non invasive? c. Echocardiogram educate regarding what to expect and what is the purpose of this test. d. Cardiac Cath know the nursing care after the procedure. It is a diagnostic procedure that measures the heart pressure. 6. Know the significance of the following labs: a. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) what disease are associated with this lab b. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) c. Cholesterol level should be < ____ mg/dl d. Troponin I if elevated maintain bedrest. Test to confim MI e. Creatine Kinase (CK) f. Myoglobin test to confirm MI g. PTT, PT, INR which lab is a test of heparin level ; how about the Coumadin? h. Hypokalemia i. Hyperkalemia

7. Know the signs and symptoms associated with Congestive Heart Failure a. What signs and symptoms are seen in clients with Right-sided heart failure? b. What signs and symptoms are seen in clients with Left-sided heart failure? c. Remember that the goal of nursing management is to decrease the cardiac workload. d. What is a potential complication associated with CHF that requires immediate attention? What signs and symptoms are seen in this complication? 8. Know the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disorders. a. What risk factors are modifiable? b. What risk factors are non-modifiable? 9. Know the causes, signs and symptoms associated with hypertension. a. Know the normal blood pressure reading b. What are stages of hypertension mean? Know the blood pressure readings in each stage. c. What ethnic group has a higher risk for developing Hypertension? d. Know the difference between Primary and Secondary Hypertension. Is Primary Hypertension curable? Is/are the treatment/s always effective? e. What nursing education would you give to your patients regarding hypertension? f. How is hypertension diagnosed? g. What organs are affected by Hypertension? 10. Know the disorders associated with Peripheral vascular a. What signs and symptoms are seen in patients with Deep vein thrombosis? b. What treatments are associated with deep vein thrombosis? c. What are potential complications associated with DVT. What nursing actions for each complication. d. Why exercise (PROM) is important to clients who are on bedrest? 11. Know the signs and symptoms associated with Endocarditis. 12. What medication/s are given to clients with Pericarditis? 13. Know the potential complication associated with strep throat if not treated appropriately? 14. What nursing diagnosis is/are appropriate for clients receiving anticoagulation therapy? 15. Know the signs and symptoms associated with Myocardial Infarction (MI) a. What coping techniques are associated with patient suffering from Myocardial Infarction? b. What labs and diagnostic exams are obtain to confirm MI c. How would you administer Nitroglycerin? 16. What diet should a client with cardiovascular disorders be on? a. Chicken or red meat? b. Fried or baked?

17. What teaching should be given to client to avoid developing varicose veins? What subjective finding would you get from your client? What causes varicose veins? 18. What manifestation would you expect on client suffering from abdominal aneurysm? 19. What common side effect is seen in patients who are taking ACE inhibitors? 20. What do you know about Mitral Valve prolapsed. Remember that patients with mitral valve prolapsed may require _________ before having a dental procedure done? 21. Know the signs and symptoms associated with conduction system disorders a. What is the pacemaker of the heart? b. What are the nursing actions/care for client with permanent pacemaker? Remember the pacemaker settings; remember that MRI is contraindicated. c. What is the first positive wave of the cardiac cycle? d. What manifestation is seen in client with V-fib? e. What are some of the causes of Premature Ventricular Contractions? f. Know all the different types of dysrhytmias we discussed in class. g. Know the location of each node found in the conduction system and understand the order o the impulse travels. h. SA node can fire ____ to ___ beats/min i. AV node can fire ___ to ____ beats/min j. Bundle of His can fire ___ to ___ beats/min 22. Know the following drugs, its indication and nursing actions: a. Lanoxin b. Lasix c. Nitroglycerin how often should this drug be replace? What should you do if the angina is not relieved by this drug? 23. What is the dissecting aneurysm?