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This material does not constitute investment advice and should not be viewed as a current or past recommendation or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy.
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Q.M.S Advisors
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This material does not constitute investment advice and should not be viewed as a current or past recommendation or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy.
Table of Contents
Portfolio Objectives Asset Classes and Market Coverage Model Overview and Investment Process
Overview of Signals Across Investment Strategies Derivation of Relative Return and Risk Expectations Blending: Aggregation and Apportioning of Views Portfolio Construction
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Portfolio Objective
Quantitative Global Macro Strategy Focused On Maximizing Risk-adjusted Returns
Example: Excess Return over Cash Volatility Sharpe Ratio Objective 10 - 20% 5 - 10% 2.0
Relative Tactical positions are formulated on an Absolute Return basis To maximize risk-adjusted total return Long or short positions may be taken in any asset classes The portfolio may be implicitly leveraged Trades are implemented with futures, forwards or option contracts Stock-index futures, forwards or options on nine equity markets 10-year government bond futures, forwards or options in seven countries Currency futures, forwards or options on seven currencies
Historical simulation does not guarantee future performance of any individually managed account or fund.
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Coverage
Asset Classes and Markets
A set of Models covering multiple Asset Classes and Markets Markets currently included in the modeling process
9 stock markets: US, Japan, UK, Eurozone, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and emerging markets 7 bond markets: US, Japan, UK, Germany, Australia, Canada, Switzerland 7 currency markets: USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, CHF, CAD,AUD
A system built around five independent set of models, with nonoverlapping signals and return drivers
Risk Premia: Intra-country Stock-Bond Bond-Cash Relative Value: Inter-country Stock VS Stock Bond VS Bond Currency
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Model Overview
Global Macro Strategy: Approach
An quantitative global macro investment strategy built around five independent sets of models with non-overlapping signals and return drivers
Risk Premia Arbitrage Intra-country Systems Market Spreads Inter-country Systems
FX
Cash VS Bond
Bond VS Stock
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Investment Process
Investment Procedure Outline
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Investment Process
Investment Procedure Outline
All recommended strategies of the qCIO Model are based on expected excess returns derived from blending investment views of five independent sub-systems designed for different asset classes and markets; the weights of the views are determined by their relative statistical confidence as well as their dynamic correlations. Foreign Exch. sub-system Bond-Bond sub-system Stock-Stock sub-system Expected Excess Returns and Risks qCIOs Blending Model
Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
At each iteration, the dependent variable is defined as the excess return of bonds over cash, hedged into USD The explanatory variables correspond to the signal associated with the country under consideration A dynamic constant is included, corresponding to a risk premium
36 iterations
The dependent variable is the excess returns of the two stock markets considered (relative to cash), hedged into USD The explanatory variables correspond to the difference in signals between 2 markets
Example: Yield Gap for Japan vs. US = YG(USA)-YG(Japan)
No constant (premium) is included as there is no rationale as to why stock markets should outperform one another Q.M.S Advisors
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Investment Process
Typology of Signals
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Pairwise Views
Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Sequential Derivation of Direction and Confidence of Investment Views for Each Sub-System
Each pair of assets is considered in turn The expected excess return of the pair of assets is the dependent variable Hindsight biases are minimized by assuming that all signals work equally and moderately well at inception The relative importance of each signal is determined by Bayesian adaptive regression according to its consistency to performance Direction and confidence of investment views are both expressed as expected relative return and standard error
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Q.M.S Advisors
Av. de la Gare. 1 | 1003, Lausanne CH | tel: 078 922 08 77 | e-mail: info@qmsadv.com | website: www.qmsadv.com
Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Q.M.S Advisors
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Bond-Bond Sub-System: Current Signal Ranks (1 = Best) US Jap Eur Yield Dynamics 1 7 3 Value 2 7 5 Composite Bond-Bond 2 7 4
UK 2 1 1
Aus 5 6 6
Can 4 3 3
Swi 6 4 5
Bond-Bond Sub-System: Last Month's Signal Ranks US Jap Eur Yield Dynamics 1 7 3 Value 1 7 6 1 7 4 Composite Bond-Bond
UK 2 3 2
Aus 5 5 5
Can 4 2 3
Swi 6 4 6
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Stock-Bond Sub-System: Signals' Confidence Level (1 = "Normal") US Jap Eur UK Value 1.9 0.3 0.9 2.3 Business Cycles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Aus 9 5 6 4 3 6
Can 7 7 5 1 4 9
Swi 4 5 4 3 5 5
HK 1 3 8 9 1 1
EMF 6 1 7 8 2 5
UK 3 8 9 5 7 6
Aus 9 3 4 4 3 7
Can 7 8 5 3 5 9
Swi 4 5 6 2 4 5
HK 1 6 2 9 1 1
EMF 5 1 3 8 3 5
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Pairwise Views
Process
qCIO is based on the sequential analysis of all expected returns and standard error of all asset pairs for each sub-system qCIO is designed so as to ensure an optimal and robust dynamic modeling of all pairs of assets considered by utilizing advanced Bayesian methodologies
For each of the five sub-systems, we obtain: The expected excess return for every pair of assets The expected risk for every pair of assets The evolution of the weights for each signal
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Blending
Aggregation and Apportioning of Views
Currency System USD vs JPY USD vs EUR EUR vs JPY etc.
Stock-Bond System US Stocks vs Bonds Japan Stocks vs Bonds Eurozone Stocks vs Bonds etc
Blending
Expected Returns and Standard Errors
Bond-Cash System US Bonds vs Cash Japan Bonds vs Cash Euro Bonds vs Cash etc.
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Blending
Aggregation and Apportioning of Views
Bayesian blending mechanism to obtain expected returns based on:
Prior expectations: Excess returns are set to 0 in the absence of views, their covariance is estimated historically using exponential decay Views: Expected excess returns obtained from the Bayesian regression Confidence of the views
The expected returns can be interpreted as a weighted average of the equilibrium prior and the tactical views. The weights are determined by the relative confidence that we have in the views and the risk of the assets Expression of the pairwise views:
1% eS 1 1 0 E ( RStocks ) 0 1 1 E ( R = 0.5% + e ) Bonds b 1 0 0 E (Cash) 0.75% ec
Stocks outperform bonds by 1% Bonds outperform cash by 0.5% Stocks will generate a 0.75% return
P
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E(ret) = V + e
=diag(cov(e))
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Blending
Aggregation and Apportioning of Views
The conditional expected returns of each asset class is expressed as: E(R) = [ ( )-1 + PT -1 P ] -1 . [ ( )-1 + PT -1 V ] With:
the vector of equilibrium returns (set to 0) the covariance of returns (based on historical data) P the matrix of views the covariance of the views a calibration factor (set to 0.02, no consensus on its value in the literature)
Limiting cases:
P=0: No views BL returns= Equilibrium returns (0) Inv(): No forecast error BL returns = Views
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
But because of correlation among assets, a sub-system can influence the expected return of assets that are not directly involved in its own views. For example:
The stock-stock sub-system is contributing to higher expected returns for all currencies against the US dollar. This is because the stock-stock sub-system expects the US stock market to out-perform European stock markets in currency-hedged terms, and this is associated with a weaker dollar.
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Q.M.S Advisors
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Portfolio Construction
Model Tradeoff between return and risk is made The objective function is to maximize single-period expected return subject to tracking error target Flexible control of turnover can be achieved by means of a transaction penalty parameter (factor is highest in the first half of the month), and other methods Round-trip transaction costs assumptions are 12 bp, 4 bp, and 8 bp for stocks, bonds and FX Portfolios with different objectives and constraints are constructed using the same set of expected return, ensuring information consistency
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Portfolio Construction
Optimal Weights Targeting 5% Risk p.a.
Expected Information Ratio Current 1.73 Five-year average 2.20
* All bond markets and all stock market except Hong Kong and Emerging Markets are currency-hedged into US dollars
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Signals
Pairwise Views
Blending
Portfolio Constru.
Portfolio Backtests
Unrestricted Systematic Global Macro Program
Realized Performance - 15 years Annual Alpha = 6.92% Tracking Error = 7.21% Information Ratio = 0.96
The unrestricted program is the most accurate reflection of the models views. Where a benchmark is present, no short-selling or leverage is permitted. Q.M.S Advisors
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Defining Features
qCIO Systematic Global Macro Program
qCIO Global Macro and GTAA Strategies are global, multi asset class strategies, that seek to add alpha through advanced quantitative investment processes. Potential investment opportunities are identified via rigorous and disciplined approaches based on combinations of economic and financial factors. Generally, investment managers assemble their portfolios based on their long-term views of the performance of a single asset class, usually employing a five-year investment horizon. This traditional approach doesnt take into account short-term macro events that have the potential to move the market. While these events take place, the resulting mis-valuations provide the opportunity to capture short-term incremental returns that are complementary to the long-term holdings of a traditional portfolio.
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Defining Features
qCIO Systematic Global Macro Program
qCIO seeks to capitalize on numerous sources of alpha by identifying the markets constantly evolving economic conditions and taking long and short positions in global equity, bond, credit, commodity and currency futures markets. qCIO views these asset classes on a differential basis, and in accordance with an array of macro-economic events in a number of different geographic markets. qCIO seeks to generate absolute return that has insignificant to very low correlation to a portfolios traditional asset classes, and allow investors to add alpha to their portfolios by exploring short-term sources of return while broadening their investment opportunity set from domestic markets to global markets, and from a single asset class to multiple asset classes.
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Defining Features
qCIO Systematic Global Macro Program
Diversification across signals
Relying on one type of strategy is likely to fail as a variety of signals drive returns and as their correlation with returns varies over time. In contrast, the qCIO process analyse markets methodically and focuses on a wide array of market signals to identify opportunities. These signals are grouped into five broad investment themes: equilibrium, value, price dynamics, growth, and risk/sentiment that are consistent with economic intuition and are retained on the basis of their predictive power. In accordance with this analysis, opportunities for alpha can be grouped under two broad assumptions: Shorter term momentum for the risk and sentiment indicators, and for price dynamics signals Mean reversion for economic indicators (e.g. growth, valuation, and carry) Altogether multiple market views and diverse signals are expected to indicate where any target market stands in relation to its fair value or in relation to other markets.
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