Chapter-11 Types of Electrical Energy Meters And Their Accuracy Classes.

There are two commonly used types of energy meters, these are; 1. Electromechanical type (Induction type) energy meters make wise. Different electromechanical type energy meters mostly found in power utility are: a. b. c. d. AEG Germany L&G Switzerland ABB Switzerland G.E (General Electric)

Mostly these meters are induction type. These energy meters are active energy measurement devices or reactive energy measurement devices, separately designed for each type of energy. For each of energy import or export, independent energy meter is required. The old age induction type electromechanical active energy meters have accuracy class 2. Latter versions may be from accuracy class 1, or 0.5. The induction type electromechanical reactive energy meters have accuracy class 2 or 3. Latter versions may be from accuracy class 1.

2.

Digital energy meters. Most common C.D.P energy meters employed (make-wise and age-

wise) in Pakistan are: a. b. c. CEWE Canada : From year 1990 PRI APEX U.K : From year 2000 ISKRA MECO MT-860 From year 2007

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The digital energy meters, measure and record all typed of energies and are termed as All in One Energy Meter .e. import, export of each active, reactive and apparent energies. Even though most of the digital energy meters measure reactive energy in two or four quadrants, which depends upon the design feature. The energy meters do make the grid measurements like Powers, voltages, currents, frequency, P.F. Added features may also be present in some version like Harmonic / Transients / Phasor analysis. Addition of serial communication ports RS-232 or RS-485 act as interface for remote indication / remote metering. Apart from above mentioned features, these meters are; Tariff Meter. Which has the same features as the basic meter, and maximum demand, plus the facility to sort the energy into 8 rates and calculate 5 maximum demand values according to a programmable tariff schedule, or controlled by external signal. Data Logging Meter. Which has the same features as the tariff meter, plus extra memory, to store maximum demand values over a longer time period. Up to five to eight different types of demand values (channels) can be stored. These can be chosen from import and / or export of active, reactive or apparent energy as well as values from one or more of the three pulse inputs and summation registers. Demand periods can be between 5 and 60 minutes and the memory can store about 13,500 values. But in some other version of the digital energy meters, data of an up to 80 days can be stored. Economy Version Meter. Few of the manufacturers of digital energy meters also produce economy version with basic software functions, few (say up to ) four relay outputs and without real-time clock and battery. Their cost may be 1/6 of the original version. This is an individual choice to sacrifice accuracy against cost.

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The functions are preconfigured, and the only user configurable functions are transformer ratios and output pulse constant. Accuracy Classes Active energy measurement (import /export) in compliance with the IEC 62053-22 standard. Accuracy class 0.2 S 0r 0.5 S. ProMeters are available in three accuracy classes Accuracy Class 1 Active energy according to IEC 1036 . (ProMeter 2000 series). Reactive energy class 2.0. (ProMeter 3000 series). Reactive energy class 1.0. . Accuracy Class 0.2S Active energy according to IEC 687-92 (ProMeter 4000 series). Reactive energy class 0.5. . Reactive energy measurement( four quadrant and combined quadrants) in compliance with IEC 62053-23 standard. Accuracy class 2 or 3( calibrated up to 0.5 %) Apparent energy in two flow directions, calibrated up to 0.5 %. Current and billing average, Maximum and cumulative demand measurement .

Accuracy Class 0.5S Active energy according to IEC 687-92

Non standard digital energy meters may be employed some where in the system and these include: aem Romania GEM-10 U.S. Electron.

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