Sayyed Mahmoud Hessaby (in Persian - alternative spellings: Mahmood Hesabi) (February 23, 1903, Tehran September 3, 1992,

992, Geneva) was a prominent Iranian scientist, researcher and distinguished professor of University of Tehran. During the congress on "60 years of physics in Iran" the services rendered by him were deeply appreciated and he was called "the father of modern physics in Iran". Hessaby was born in Tehran to Abbas and Goharshad Hessaby. In 1947, he published his classic paper on "Continuous particles". Following this, in 1957 he proposed his model of "Infinitely extended particles". Dr Seyyed Mahmoud Hessaby, the father of modern physics and modern engineering of Iran, is one of distinguished contemporary scientists of the country. He was a professor in the university of Tehran. As Hesaby wished, he was buried in his motherland, Tafresh.

Education
Early Years

Dr Hessaby was a Polymath[1]. He studied different fields and continued lecturing at University of Tehran for three working generations, teaching seven generations of students and professors. When he was seven, the family moved from Iran to Beirut in Lebanon where he attended school.

Arts and Sciences Bachelor in Lebanon

At seventeen he obtained his Bachelor's in Arts and Sciences from the American University of Beirut. Later he obtained his B.A. in civil engineering while working as a draftsman. He continued his studies and as a graduate of the Engineering school of Beirut.

Civil Engineering and Physics in France

He was admitted to the cole Superieure d'Electricit and in 1925 graduated from this school at the same time he was employed by the SNCF (French National Railway) and started working in electric locomotive maintenance department He had a scientific mind and continued his research in Physics at the Sorbonne University and obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from that University at the age of twentyfive. He was one of Albert Einstein's assistants.

Accomplishments
According to the Dr Hessaby Institute, the following were some of his accomplishments: Founding the Highway Engineering school and teaching there from 1928 Survey and drawing of the first coastal road-map between Persian Gulf ports Founding the "teachers college" and teaching there from 1928 Construction of the first radio-set in Iran (1928) Construction of the first weather-station in 1931 Installation and operation of the first radiology center in Iran in 1931 Calculation and setting of Iranian time (1932) Founding the first private hospital in Iran (Goharshad Hospital) in 1933 Writing the University carechair and founding Tehran University (1934) Founding the Engineering school in 1934 and acting as the dean of that school until 1936 and teaching there from then on Founding the faculty of science and acting as its dean from 1942 to 1948 Commissioned for the dispossession of British Petroleum Company during the government of Dr Mossadegh and appointed as the first general manager of the National Iranian Oil Company Minister of Education in the cabinet of Dr Mossadegh from 1951 to 1952 Opposing the contract with the consortium while in the Senate of Iran in 1954 Opposing the membership of Iran in CENTO Founding the Telecommunication Center of Assad-Abad in Hamedan (1959) Writing the standards charter for the standards Institute of Iran (1954) Founding the Geophysical Institute of Tehran University (1961)

Title of distinguished professor of Tehran University from 1971 Founding the atomic research center and atomic reactor at Tehran University Founding the atomic Energy center of Iran, member of the UN scientific sub-committee of peaceful use of member of the international space committee (1981) Establishment of Iran's space research committee and member of the international space committee (1981) Establishment of the Iranian music society and founding the Persian language Academy

Awards and honours

Father of Iranian Physics, By Iran's Physical Society.

Key publications
Hessaby M, Model of an Infinite Particle, JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM 18 (5): 323-326 1957. Times Cited: 0 while at Tehran University. Hessaby M, Theoretical Evidence for the Existence of a Light-Charged Particle of Mass Greater than That of the Electron, Physical Review, Vol. 73, Issue 9, p. 1128 (1948). Times Cited: 1 While at Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. APS Hessaby M, Continuous Particles, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 189-194 (1947). Hessaby M, Continuous Particles, Proceedings of the American Physical Society, Minutes of the Meeting at Montreal, June 19-21, 1947,

Research and Writing

Cultural

His research and writings included:[1] The Hessaby Dictionary Dictionary of Iranian Names Articles for the Establishment of the University of Tehran-1933 Treatise on "Our Path"-1935 Physics textbook for first year in high school-1939 Minutes of the meeting of the National Academy of Science-1947 Rules for the University of Tehran Budget-1961 The New Physics and the Philosophy of Ancient Percia-1963 Genealogical Tree of the Hessaby Family-1967 The Power of the Persian Language- 1971 "Complete Poetical Works of Hessaby", from the 17th century-1975 "Roots of Persian Words"-1989 "Specialized Terms in Physics"-1961_1990 Dictionary of "French Verbs-Persian Verbs" "The how of Iranian History" Research on and Interpretation of the Poetry of Hafez Research on the "Golestan" of Saadi Research on the Poetry of Baba Taher Research on the "Shahnameh" of Ferdowsi "In Memory of Albert Einstein" on the occasion of his death (1955)

Scientific
Books

"Electrodynamics" "Electric Eye"

"Viewpoint in Physics", University of Tehran, 1961 "Magnetic Eye", University of Tehran, 1966 "Solid State Physics", University of Tehran, 1969 "Quantum View" University of Tehran, 1979

Other

Doctoral dissertation "Sensitivity of Photoelectric Cells", Sorbonne University Press, 1927 Thesis in "The Interpretation of Dubrois Waves", in French, 1945 "Structure of Essential Particles of the Nucleus of an Atom in Einstein's Theory of Relativity", Princeton University, 1946 Article on "Connected Particles", National Academy of Science, U.S., 1947 "The Effect of Matter on the Path of Light" as co-researcher at the Nuclear-science Institute, Chicago, 1947 "The Correction of Newton's Law of Gravity". "Maxwell's Law of the Electromagnetic Field" 1947 "The Effect of Matter on the Path of Light and the Deviation of Light Waves on the Surface of Matter", Nuclear Science Institute, Chicago, 1947 "The Deviation of Light Waves in the Presence of Matter", research at the University of Chicago, 1948 Continuation of research on "The Structure of Essential Particles of the Nucleus of an Atom", University of Tehran; laboratory research on "The Transmission of Light through Matter" College of Science, University of Tehran - Thesis on "The Theory of the Diffusion of Infinite Particles", University of Tehran, 1997 Research on the formula for the Law of Gravity Research on the formula for the Law of Electrical Attraction Research on the formula for the Law of the Electromagnetic Field Research on the breakage of light near solid matter Research on lasers Research on nuclear magnetic resonance

Languages he spoke
He spoke five living languages: Persian, French, English, German and Arabic and he also knew (to some extent) Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Pahlavi, Avestan, Turkish and Italian, which he used for his etymological studies.

Dr Hessaby Museum
The Museum Of Dr Hessaby is a collection of some of his personal belongings and his communications with various scientific, and cultural distinguished figures. The museum has been established by his family, colleagues and students in order to value his 60 years of scientific, educational and cultural activities, and to set an example for young generation of Iran, students in particular, of a hard working contemporary scientist, who despite his hard childhood lead a successful life and contributed greats towards his country's progress by establishing many scientific, industrial, cultural and research centers in Iran among which one can name Tehran University, the first modern university in the country. Every item of the museum is a reminder of a corner of his life and bears a valuable lesson of life. Dr Hessaby Museum is situated in his personal house, north of Tehran, and visited daily by many visitors from different scientific, cultural and educational institutes and organisations, free of charge.

Dr Hessaby Foundation

Dr Hessaby Foundation, was established to continue all different aspects of his work, highlighting his belief that giving priority to research and researchers is the basis of scientific and industrial progress of a country.

Children
He has a son, who is an engineer and in charge of the Institute named after him, and a daughter.

See also

Intellectual Movements in Iran The Physical Society of Iran List of Iranian intellectuals Dr Mahmoud Hessaby at website of University of Tehran. his biography in Persian

Resources

External links
Mahmoud Hessaby Home Page Infinitely extended particles Doctor Hasabi Museum, Tajrish Avenue, Maqsud-Beek Street, Doctor Hesabi Street, No. 8, Tehran, Iran. (English), (Persian) Dr Mahmoud Hessaby, Iranian Personalities, Iran Chamber Society. Dr Mahmoud Hessaby

Professor Mahmoud Hessaby

Professor of the University of Tehran, 1903, Tehran - September 3, 1992, University hospital of Geneva) was an important Iranian and Muslim scientist. At the age of seven he moved to Beirut where he began attending school. At the age of seven he memorized the Quran by heart and later he started to read great books of Persian literature, which are regarded as very sophisticated. At the early age of seventeen he obtained his Bachelor"s in Arts and Sciences from the American University of Beirut. Later he obtained his BA in civil engineering while working as a draftsman. After a short period of time he obtained a BA in Mathematics and Astronomy.

He continued his studies and as a graduate of the Engineering school of Beirut, in 1925 graduated from this school at the same time he was hired by the French Electric Railway Co. He had a scientific mind and continued his research in Physics at the Sorbonne University and obtained his PhD in Physics from this University at the age of twenty-five.

He continued lecturing at University for three working generations, teaching seven generations of students and professors.

He spoke five living languages: Persian, French, English, German and Arabic and he also knew Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Pahlavi, Avestan, Turkish and Italian which he used for his etymological studies.

In the scientific field: twenty-five research papers, articles and books have been put to print by professor Hessaby. His theory of "Infinitely extended particles" is well-known among the world scientist. The medal of the commandeur de la legion d honneure, France"s greatest scientific medal, was awarded to him for his theories. Professor Hessaby was the only Iranian student of Professor Albert Einstein, he was known to be his favorite student, and during his years of scientific research he had meetings with well-known scientists such as Erwin Schrdinger, Max Born, Enrico Fermi, Paul Dirac, Aage Niels Bohr ....and scholars such as Russel and Andre-Gide.

During the congress of "60 years of physics in Iran" the services rendered by him were deeply appreciated and he was entitled "the father of physics in Iran".